The commands passwd, chsh, su, and sudo need to be set-uid programs in Linux to execute with superuser privileges, as their functions change system settings and require access to files that regular users typically do not have permission to edit.
Explanation:The commands passwd, chsh, su, and sudo need to be set-uid programs because they require higher privileges than those usually granted to regular users. In Linux, the User ID (UID) is assigned to every user, and the set-uid is a permission bit that allows the users to exec commands with the permissions of the file owner.
Therefore, they need to be set-uid so that they can execute with superuser privileges, regardless of who invokes these commands.
For example, the passwd command changes the user's password, which requires writing to the system files that are normally only editable by the root. Similarly, the chsh command changes the default shell of a user, su command is used for switching to another user account, and the sudo command allows users to run programs with the security privileges of another user (usually the superuser).
All of these operations would fail without the set-uid bit because they require higher permissions than regular users are granted in Linux.
Learn more about set-uid programs here:https://brainly.com/question/6437006
#SPJ12
The passwd, chsh, su, and sudo commands must be Set-UID programs to perform their respective functions with the necessary root privileges. Without Set-UID, users would be unable to change passwords, modify login shells, or execute commands with elevated permissions, impairing system and user management.
Understanding Set-UID for System Commands
The passwd, chsh, su, and sudo commands need to be Set-UID programs to perform their intended functions with the necessary permissions. Here’s why:
1. passwd
This command allows a user to change their password. It needs to write to the system's password file, which is typically owned by the root user. If passwd is not a Set-UID program, regular users would not have the permissions to modify their passwords, as they cannot write to the password file directly.2. chsh
This command allows users to change their login shell. Similar to passwd, this requires modifications to system files that a normal user cannot directly access. Set-UID enables the command to execute with root privileges, ensuring the changes can be applied system-wide.3. su
The su command is used to switch users, often to the superuser (root). To change the active user’s privileges, it must be able to authenticate and assume another user's identity, which necessitates higher privileges.4. sudo
The sudo command allows permitted users to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as specified by the security policy. Without Set-UID, sudo would not be able to grant the necessary elevated permissions required for such operations.If these commands were not Set-UID programs, users would be unable to change their own passwords, modify their login shells, or execute commands with higher privileges, leading to significant limitations in managing their system and user accounts.Full Question:
1. Figure out why "passwd," "chsh," "su," and "sudo" commands need to be Set-UID programs. What will happen if they are not? If you are not familiar with these commands, you should first learn about them by reading their manuals (For example man su, man chsh, etc.).
According to President Wilson, how should the the Senate function
A)The Senate should be more measured in its thinking of the house
B)the Senate should be swayed by the immediate impact of current events
C)the Senate should always stand in opposition of house members
D)the Senate should primarily work to address the short-term concerns of constituents
According to President Wilson, the Senate should be more measured in its thinking of the House. The correct option is A.
In contrast to the House of Representatives, President Wilson argued that the Senate should behave as a methodical and thoughtful body that takes a more serious and studied approach to legislation. He emphasized the significance of the Senate's responsibility to thoroughly examine legislation, take into account long-term effects, and adopt a wider perspective as opposed to being exclusively influenced by current events or public opinion.
Thus, the ideal selection is option A.
Learn more about President Wilson here:
https://brainly.com/question/30103932
#SPJ6
Another way to define metacognition could be:
A) deep reading
B) brainstorming
C) recalling information
D) critical thinking
Answer:
Guess what? The answer is actually D) critical thinking!
Peer relationships are an important part of children's social development. peer acceptance is a source of affirmation and _____________ whereas peer rejection is a source of bullying and victimization.
Hans and franz lift weights at their local gym. when their trainer adds a twopound weight to hans's normal 50 pound load, hans immediately notices. however, when the same twopound weight is added to franz's normal 200 pound load, he isn't aware of the extra weight. the difference in hans's and franz's experience is consistent with
Final answer:
The different experiences of Hans and Franz with added weight during weightlifting illustrates Weber's Law, which explains that the just noticeable difference for stimulus changes is proportional to the magnitude of the initial stimulus.
Explanation:
The difference in Hans's and Franz's experience when additional weight is added to their lifting regimen is consistent with Weber's Law. Weber's Law states that the just noticeable difference (JND) is proportionally related to the magnitude of the initial stimulus.
In other words, the JND is a constant proportion rather than a constant amount. Hans, who lifts a 50-pound load, can detect the addition of two pounds because it represents a larger proportion (4%) of his initial load. Contrastingly, the same two pounds added to Franz's 200-pound load represents only a 1% increase, making it less likely to be perceived as different.
This concept is used in various fields, including fitness training and perceptual psychology. For instance, weightlifters increase their lifting capacity by progressively adding weights, but they often use a percentage of their current lifting weight to decide how much to increase to ensure it is noticeable and effective. This helps in continually adapting and developing their strength over time.
"the use of _____ results in euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetite, and disoriented behavior."
The answer is cannabis. Cannabis or Marijuana is a psychoactive drug which can lead to euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetite, and disoriented behavior. Marijuana can be used for medical purposes or form recreational use, such as getting high for one’s self-pleasure, but marijuana can cause different side effects if addiction occurs. Marijuana is still illegal in different parts of the world.
Psychoactive drugs can induce a euphoric high and behavior changes but carry risks of addiction and dependence. Depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens have various effects on mood and perception. Recognizing these effects is important for understanding the potential consequences of drug use.
Explanation:The use of psychoactive drugs often results in euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetite, and disoriented behavior. These substances can range from depressants, which tend to suppress central nervous system activity, to stimulants and hallucinogens that can create feelings of intense elation and pleasure. Recreational uses of such substances include the quest for a euphoric high, which is an intense feeling of well-being and happiness. However, these substances come with the risk of addiction and dependence, where users may experience withdrawal symptoms upon cessation. Additionally, depressant drugs can calm the brain and reduce anxiety but may also lead to impaired memory and motor function with high doses.
Drugs that are commonly associated with these effects include cannabis, ethanol, opioids like morphine, and stimulants such as MDMA. Substance use disorder is a condition where there is a compulsive pattern of drug use despite negative consequences. Understanding the impacts of these drugs on brain chemistry and the potential for addiction and dependence is crucial for recognizing the risks associated with their use.
Learn more about Psychoactive Drugs here:https://brainly.com/question/15894733
#SPJ6
The part of the US government that interprets laws is the
executive branch.
vice president.
Senate.
judicial branch.
The answer is D. judicial branch
What is more importsnt gathering crime data on victims or incidents, offenders or losses from crime
What impression does sei shonagon convey about the relationship of men and women at court?
_____ occurs when a stimulus shares some, but not all, of the characteristics that would lead it to fit neatly in an existing category.
one advantage of being homeothermic is that it ____.
The form of legal protection intended to prevent reproduction of original works is referred to as ________ law.
The answer is the copyright law. The United States copyright law guards "own original works of authorship," stable in a tangible channel including fictitious, theatrical, melodic, creative, and other academic works. This safeguard is accessible to both printed and unprinted works.
When 14-year-old tatiana's friends call her name, she responds with, "what?!" when her teacher calls her name, she responds by saying, "yes, ma'am?" tatiana's responses indicate her understanding of syntax. semantics. grammar. pragmatics?
Tatiana's differing responses to her friends and teacher demonstrate her understanding of pragmatics, which is the aspect of language concerning context and the way it affects communication.
The responses of 14-year-old Tatiana to different people calling her name indicate her understanding of pragmatics. This aspect of language concerns how context influences the way we interpret and choose our words. Tatiana's casual response of 'what?!' to her friends is suitable for her social group, while her more formal response of 'yes, ma'am?' to her teacher demonstrates awareness of the respect and formality expected in a student-teacher interaction.
Even from a young age, children show an understanding of pragmatics by adjusting their sentence structures and vocabulary based on who they are speaking to. This ability to adapt language use to different social contexts becomes more sophisticated as children grow and learn more about social norms and expectations.
According to the envelope in model 1 who is supposed to receive the letter answer key
Nate wonders how his friend jim can wake up at 5:00 every morning to swim laps before school. when he asks about it, jim replies that he simply wants to realize his highest personal potential in swimming. according to maslow's theory of motivation, jim is satisfying:
When julie and her boyfriend jack watch frightening horror movies together, they often experience explosive feelings of passionate affection for each other. use your understanding of the physiology of emotion and the spillover effect to explain why horror movies could fuel their romantic feelings?
Final answer:
Julie and Jack's increased feelings of passion when watching horror films can be explained by the James-Lange theory of emotion and the spillover effect: physiological arousal from the horror film spillover into their romantic affection.
Explanation:
When Julie and Jack watch horror movies, their physiological arousal increases due to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, a natural response to a perceived threat or exciting stimulus. This physiological arousal can manifest as a quickened heartbeat, intensified respiration, and other symptoms akin to those experienced during intense emotions including passion and excitement. This is an example of the James-Lange theory of emotion, which suggests that we first experience physiological arousal and then ascribe an emotional experience to these bodily changes.
However, the strong emotions and physiological responses don't discern between different sources of arousal, which is where the spillover effect comes into play. The spillover effect posits that physiological arousal can transfer from one experience to another, amplifying the second emotional experience. In the context of Julie and Jack, the arousal from the horror film is likely spilling over to amplify their feelings of romantic affection towards each other.
Contrasted with the James-Lange theory is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, which suggests that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously and independently. However, in the scenario described, the spillover effect, which is more congruent with the James-Lange theory, provides a better explanation of their heightened romantic feelings during and after watching frightening films.
Bob and george live in the united states. bob recently asked for george's cell phone number, but george said he didn't own a cell phone. george would probably be considered a(n) __________ in the diffusion of innovation process.
The ________ exception to miranda exists if a threat exists to third parties.
A reporter who covers the police beat at a newspaper changes careers. she becomes an editor of nonfiction books and is paid the same salary as she was at the newspaper. what has she experienced?
What are the rights and responsibilities of the society in which the individual lives?
The fact that berta uses her chin instead of her finger to point at an object across the room illustrates that communication is _____.
Answer:
symbolic.
Explanation:
Symbolic communication is the messages that are transmitted through our attitudes, gestures, manner, being, etc. That is, symbolic communication is the form that human beings use through symbols to conduct their actions, transmit knowledge, techniques and ideas, without the use of words or sounds, but behaviors and gestures that symbolize a message. An example of this can be seen in the question above, where Berta used her chin to point to an object.
George and jelena have not been getting along. george thinks that jelena prevented him from getting a big promotion. how can jelena best address the situation?
Answer: we’ll jelena could be upset with him because i need more details but she can have a 1 on 1 talk with him to address it.
Explanation:my answer
How does snow form?
A.
Raindrops freeze on their way down to Earth.
B.
Winds move frozen water drops up and down inside clouds forming layers of ice that eventually fall to the ground.
C.
Water vapor freezes into crystals.
World class athletes like michael jordan, tiger woods, and roger federer use ___________ to strengthen their self-confidence.
Final answer:
World-class athletes like Michael Jordan, Tiger Woods, and Roger Federer enhance their self-confidence through performance experiences, verbal encouragement, and skill-testing opportunities. These methods are part of a feedback loop where success builds efficacy, which in turn leads to further success. They also focus on their strengths, take on targeted training, and maintain a positive view to build and maintain their self-confidence.
Explanation:
World-class athletes like Michael Jordan, Tiger Woods, and Roger Federer use a variety of techniques to strengthen their self-confidence and build their self-efficacy. Performing well in sports can lead to an increase in self-efficacy, which in turn can lead to better performance, creating an upward feedback loop. Heritage sports stars often engage in performance experiences, where success in these situations helps to build a belief in their abilities. They may also use verbal encouragement and opportunities to test their skills, allowing them to see what they are capable of achieving. Focusing on areas where success is more likely and accepting limitations in other areas without self-devaluation are other strategies mentioned, as illustrated by the references to taekwondo and Bandura's examples.
Building self-confidence is beneficial not only in sports but also in one's career. Having a positive view of oneself and a positive attitude toward one's abilities can project confidence. To achieve higher self-confidence, it's important to take a self-inventory, identify areas of low confidence, and consciously address these areas through targeted training or skill-building activities.
Adam smith's explanations of national economic living standards became known as the ___________ theory.
Adam Smith’s explanations of national economic living standard became known as the theory called classical theory. This theory focuses more on a self regulating economy in which the economy has the capability of achieving its natural level in regards with the economy and its resource.
Which type of insurance policy would someone get to protect others only?
A legal contract between a person and an insurance company is called an insurance policy. It is a legal document that claims the payment to be paid by the insurer to the person insured.
The type of policy that is required to protect others is:
Life insurance
The policy can be explained as:
This policy ensures the protection of members dependent on earners as the only source of income after their death.The amount the individual has insured for determines the monthly premium to the nominated person.Life insurance can be permanent including universal, whole and variable or can be term life insurance.It is important for the beneficiary as it provides money to the members nominated by the insured person.Therefore, life insurance protects others only.
To learn more about life insurance follow the link:
https://brainly.com/question/1158820
Jay participates in an experiment where he and three other participants are asked to judge the quality of a series of sculptures. jay is least likely to exhibit informational influence if
In the given scenario above, Jay is least likely to exhibit informational influence if in the experiment, the quality of a series of sculptures are only shown for a few seconds in which Jay won’t be able to examine the sculpture more clearly as it is only for a short period of time.
A terrorist is holding a group of children as hostages and threatening to kill them if his demands are not met. the police negotiator believes that she could save some children's lives if she lied to the terrorist, saying that the money and a helicopter are on the way. which approach would argue the most strongly that telling the lie in a situation like this, is morally right because it would produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number?
What is a potential consequence of not using your critical thinking skills throughout life?
Dorothy holds herself responsible for causing hurricane katrina that killed thousands of people in the u.s. identify the type of delusion afflicting dorothy.
The type of delusion that afflicts Dorothy is persecution. This is a type of delusion in which the individual is persecuting his or herself because of a belief that they are being persecuted because of the conditions or delusions that is happening in his or her mind in which we can see how Dorothy blames herself because of the typhoon.
When dating couples wrestle with conflicts, those partners with a(n) ________ tend to see each other as engaging constructively?