A rock salt crystal shatters when struck because it is an ionic compound that is hard and brittle. Force causes a shift in ion layers, bringing like-charged ions next to each other, which repel and cause shattering. Rock salt cleaves along smooth planes due to the regular ion arrangement.
A rock salt crystal, which is primarily composed of sodium chloride, is likely to shatter when struck because it's an ionic compound with a lattice structure. In their solid state, the positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. When mechanical force such as a hammer strike is applied, it can cause layers of ions to shift.
If ions with the same charge are forced next to each other, their repulsive forces will cause the crystal to rapidly separate along its cleavage planes, resulting in a shattering effect. Moreover, because of the regular arrangement of the ions, when an ionic crystal like rock salt breaks, it does so along smooth planes. This tendency is epitomized by the mineral halite, which often cleaves into cubes.
The breakage of polycrystalline aggregates like rocks is complex due to the varied strength at grains and grain boundaries, however, for homogeneous ionic crystals like rock salt, the cleaving and shattering are more predictable and result from the inherent brittleness and repulsion of like-charged ions under stress.
What fact does Einstein's equation E = mc2 describe?
A 10.0 kg block on a table is connected by a string to a 63 kg mass, which is hanging over the edge of the table. assuming that frictional forces may be neglected, what is the magnitude of acceleration of the block when the other block is released?
Answer:
8.45m/s^2
Explanation:
a = m2g / m1+m2
63 + 10 = 73 kg
63*9.8 / 73 = 8.45m/s^2
The magnitude of the acceleration of the block when the other block is released would be 8.466 m/s²
What is Newton's second law?Newton's Second Law states that The resultant force acting on an object is proportional to the rate of change of momentum.
The mathematical expression for Newton's second law is as follows
F = ma
As given in the problem A 10.0 kg block on a table is connected by a string to a 63 kg mass, which is hanging over the edge of the table. assuming that frictional forces may be neglected,
The force responsible for the motion is only due to the hanging mass of 63Kg because of the gravitational pull of the earth
F = mg
= 63×9.81 N
=618 N
the acceleration would be the same for both the block as both are connected by a string
a = F/(m₁+m₂)
a = 618/(63+10)
a = 8.466 m/s²
Thus , The magnitude of the acceleration of the block when the other block is released would be 8.466 m/s²
Learn more about Newton's second law, here
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Suppose that a nascar race car is moving to the right with a constant velocity of +82m/s. what is the average acceleration of the car?
The pressure required for metamorphism can be generated by
According to our theory of solar system formation, why did uranus and neptune end up to be much less massive than jupiter and saturn?
You are driving on a slippery road, and have stopped at an intersection. when you pull away from the intersection, your vehicle starts to skid sideways. you should?
Answer
You should still ensure you are steering straight in the direction of skidding.
Take your foot off the brake unless you are about to hit something. steer in the direction of the skid to straighten your car.
Answer:
Steer your car sideways to the direction of the skid.
Explanation:
Skids happen because the tires of your car don´t have enough traction with the floor, this creates for a slippery situation where the car has no controllable direction, you should not break, but instead try and move the tires in the direction of the skid and then re-gain control of the car.
How many photons per second are produced by an infrared lamp that consumes energy at the rate of 85.0 w and is 18 % efficient in converting this energy to infrared radiation? assume that the radiation has a wavelength of 1530 nm ?
what is the weight in pounds of a 7.0 kilogram bowling ball on earth's surface
Explanation:
It is given that,
Mass of the bowling ball, m = 7 kg
We need to find the weight in pounds of 7 kg bowling ball in pounds. Firstly, we need to find the relationship between kilogram and pound. It is as follows :
1 kilograms = 2.204 pounds
The given mass of 7 kilograms can be converted to pounds by using the unitary method as :
[tex]7\ kilograms=(7\times 2.204)\ pounds[/tex]
7 kg = 15.428 pounds
Hence, the weight of bowling ball is 15.428 pounds. Hence, this is the required solution.
Which quantum numbers must be the same for the orbitals that they designate to be degenerate in a many-electron system?
Which statement best represents scientific laws? (2 points) Scientific laws are statements that contain scientists' opinions of how the world works. Scientific laws are factual statements that explain why certain natural phenomena occur. Scientific laws are theories that have been tested, proven, and adopted as laws. Scientific laws are descriptions of observed phenomenon generally accepted as facts.
Final answer:
OPTION D.
The best representation of scientific laws is that they are factual descriptions of observed phenomena in nature, often expressed through mathematical equations and supported by extensive scientific evidence.
Explanation:
The statement that best represents scientific laws is D. Scientific laws are descriptions of observed phenomena generally accepted as facts. Unlike scientific theories, which provide explanations for phenomena, scientific laws describe the patterns we observe in nature and are often expressed concisely, typically through mathematical equations. A scientific law uses concise language to describe a generalized pattern in nature that is supported by scientific evidence and observed through repeated experiments. An example would be Newton's second law of motion, represented by the equation F = ma, which describes the relationship between force (F), mass (m), and acceleration (a).
A roller coaster car crosses the top of a circular loop-the-loop at twice the critical speed. What is the ratio of the normal force to the gravitational force?
The ratio of the Normal force to the gravitational force of the roller coaster at the top of the circle is [tex]\boxed3[/tex].
Further Explanation:
The critical velocity of the roller coaster is the minimum speed at which the roller coaster completes the circular loop without leaving the path.
As the roller coaster reaches at the topmost point of its circular path, at this point, the weight is balanced by the centripetal force acting in the outward direction.
The force balancing at the top most point at the critical velocity is:
[tex]{\text{Centripetal}}\,{\text{force}} = {\text{weight}}[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{{mv_c^2}}{r} = mg[/tex]
From the above equation, the critical velocity of the roller coaster is:
[tex]{v_c} = \sqrt {rg}[/tex]
Now, if the roller coaster reaches the top point of the circular path with the speed twice of the critical speed, then there will be a normal reaction force experienced by the roller coaster due to the increased centripetal force.
The new velocity of the roller coaster is:
[tex]\begin{aligned}v&=2{v_c}\\&= 2\sqrt {rg}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
The force balancing at the top most point at the critical velocity is:
[tex]\begin{aligned}{F_C} = {F_N} + {F_{wt}}\hfill\\\frac{{m{v^2}}}{r} = {F_N} + mg\hfill\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
Here, [tex]{F_C}[/tex] is the centripetal force, [tex]{F_N}[/tex] is the normal reaction acting on the roller coaster and [tex]{F_{wt}}[/tex] is the weight of the roller coaster acting in downward direction.
Substitute [tex]2\sqrt {rg}[/tex] for [tex]v[/tex] in above equation.
[tex]\begin{aligned}\frac{{m{{\left( {2\sqrt {rg} }\right)}^2}}}{r} &= {F_N} + mg\\{F_N} &= 4mg - mg\\&= 3mg\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
The ratio of the normal reaction of the roller coaster to the weight of the roller coaster is:
[tex]\begin{aligned}\frac{{{F_N}}}{{{F_{wt}}}}&=\frac{{3mg}}{{mg}}\\&=3\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
The ratio of the Normal force to the gravitational force of the roller coaster at the top of the circle is [tex]\boxed3[/tex].
Learn More:
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Answer Details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Physics
Chapter: Circular motion
Keywords: Roller coaster, loop, critical speed, normal reaction, ratio, centripetal force, gravitational force, twice the critical speed, circular loop.
When 108 g of water at a temperature of 22.5?
A roller coaster car travels through a loop in 3.1 s with a centripetal acceleration of 26 m/s^2. What is the radius of the roller coaster loop?
A. 6.3 m
B. 20 m
C. 25 m
Answer:
The radius of the roller coaster loop is 6.3 m.
Explanation:
It is given that,
Time taken by roller coaster, t = 3.1 s
Centripetal acceleration, [tex]a_c=26\ m/s^2[/tex]
Velocity in a circular path is given by :
[tex]v=\dfrac{2\pi r}{t}[/tex]
Centripetal acceleration, [tex]a_c=\dfrac{v^2}{r}[/tex]
So, acceleration, [tex]a_c=\dfrac{4\pi^2r}{t^2}[/tex]
[tex]r=\dfrac{a_ct^2}{4\pi^2}[/tex]
[tex]r=\dfrac{26\times 3.1^2}{4\pi^2}[/tex]
r =6.3 m
So, the correct option is (A) " r = 6.3 m". Hence, this is the required solution
Answer:
r = 6.32 meters
Explanation:
Given that,
The centripetal acceleration acting on the roller coaster, [tex]a_c=26\ m/s^2[/tex]
Time taken by the car, t = 3.1 s
The centripetal acceleration act on an object when it moves in circular path. Its formula is given by :
[tex]a_c=\dfrac{v^2}{r}[/tex]
v is the velocity of car, [tex]v=\dfrac{2\pi r}{t}[/tex]
[tex]a_c=\dfrac{(\dfrac{2\pi r}{t})^2}{r}[/tex]
On rearranging above equation,
[tex]r=\dfrac{a_ct^2}{4\pi ^2}[/tex]
[tex]r=\dfrac{a_ct^2}{4\pi ^2}[/tex]
[tex]r=\dfrac{26\times (3.1)^2}{4\pi ^2}[/tex]
r = 6.32 meters
So, the radius of the roller coaster loop is 6.3 meters. Hence, this is the required solution.
How much heat is released as a 5.89 kg block of aluminum cools from 462 °C to 315 °C. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is 0.900 J/(g*K)
How long does it take the ball to reach its maximum height? answer in units of s?
Investigations were carried out in a science lab to explore the topic of chemical and physical changes.
Investigation A
Step 1. Add 5 tsp. salt to 100 ml warm water and stir until most or all of the salt is no longer visible.
Step 2. Heat the salt solution on a burner until only a white solid remains.
Investigation B
Step 1. Mix 10 tsp. white sugar into 100 ml water and stir until most or all of the sugar is no longer visible.
Step 2. Heat the sugar solution on a burner until the solution thickens and turns brown.
Answer:
To help Jaywon and all others out there, the answer is D
Explanation:
Jaywon and I both took the test and that is the answer.
Which statement represents how charges interact?
Negative charges are attracted to negative charges.
Neutral charges are attracted to neutral charges.
Opposite charges are not attracted to each other.
Positive charges are attracted to negative charges.
Please Help!
Who tried to unify the electromagnetic and gravitational force but was unsuccessful?
Answer:
Einstein
Explanation:
Many physicists and mathematicians, notably Albert Einstein, tried to unify the electromagnetic and gravitational force, that is, made a unified field theory.
Other scientists who attempted to develop unified field theory included Hermann Weyl, Arthur Eddington, and Theodor Kaluza. Unfortunately, all attempts were unsuccessful
What is the average velocity of the particle from rest to 15 seconds?
A.) 1.1 meters/second
B.) 1.2 meters/second
C.) 1.3 meters/second
D.) 1.4 meters/second
Answer : The correct option is, (D) 1.4 meters/second
Solution :
Average velocity : It is defined as the displacement per unit time.
Formula used for average velocity :
[tex]v_{av}=\frac{d}{t}[/tex]
where,
[tex]v_{av}[/tex] = average velocity
d = displacement of the particle
t = time taken
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get the average velocity of the particle.
[tex]v_{av}=\frac{(21-0)m}{15s}=1.4m/s[/tex]
Therefore, the average velocity of the particle is, 1.4 meter/second.
a 60 kg student in a rowboat on a still lake decides to dive off the back of the boat. The studen'ts horizontal aceleration is 2.0 m/s2 while in contact with the boat. What horizontal force does the student exert on the boat?
a 30N toward the back of the boat
b 120 n toward the front of the boat
c 30 n toward the front of the boat
d 120 n toward the back of the boat
Answer:
Your answer would be b 120 n toward the front of the boat
Explanation:
I took this test and got this correct, here's proof
Hope you get a good grade, from a fellow comrade
What is the basic unit for length
5000 j of heat are added to a system. it does 3500 j of work on the surroundings. what is δe in j?
Final answer:
The change in internal energy (ΔE) of the system is 1500 J, calculated using the first law of thermodynamics with the given 5000 J of heat added to the system and 3500 J of work performed by the system.
Explanation:
When considering the first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy (ΔE) of a system is determined by the heat added to the system (Q) and the work done by the system on the surroundings (W). The relationship is given by the equation ΔE = Q - W.
In this scenario, the system receives 5000 J of heat and performs 3500 J of work on its surroundings. Applying the first law, we can calculate the change in internal energy:
ΔE = Q - W = 5000 J - 3500 J = 1500 J
Therefore, the change in the system's internal energy is 1500 J.
An object is moving at 5 m/s and a few seconds later it is moving at 3 m/s. What had to have happened?
A.The object's net force was 0 N.
B.The object's acceleration increased.
C. An unbalanced force acted on the object
An archer shoots an arrow at a 75.0 m distant target; the bullâs-eye of the target is at same height as the release height of the arrow. (a) at what angle must the arrow be released to hit the bullâs-eye if its initial speed is 35.0 m/s? in this part of the problem, explicitly show how you follow the steps involved in solving projectile motion problems. (b) there is a large tree halfway between the archer and the target with an overhanging horizontal branch 3.50 m above the release height of the arrow. will the arrow go over or under the branch?
The archer's problem is a projectile motion question in physics, where the release angle and trajectory concerning an obstruction must be calculated using the range and maximum height formulas, considering the given initial conditions of speed and distance.
The question involves calculating the angle of release for an arrow to hit a target located at a certain distance, as well as considering the arrow's trajectory relative to an obstruction. This is a common projectile motion problem in physics.
Part (a): Finding the Release Angle
To solve for the angle, we can use the equation for the range of a projectile: R = (v²×sin²(θ)) / g, where R is the range (75.0 m), v is the initial velocity (35.0 m/s), g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.80 m/s^2), and θ is the angle of release. We rearrange the equation to solve for θ and find that there are two possible angles that satisfy the equation because of the sin(2θ) term.
Part (b): Checking if the Arrow Clears the Branch
To determine if the arrow goes over or under the branch, we need to calculate the maximum height (H) of its trajectory. Using the formula H = (v²×sin²(θ)) / (2g), we find that the maximum height of the trajectory depends on the angle of release. With proper substitution and solving, we can determine whether the arrow will clear the 3.50 m high branch.
what is the difference between speed and velocity?
A. velocity describes speed with direction.
B. velocity describes direction with position.
C. velocity is used in space; speed is used on earth
D. there is no difference.
a car climbs 10.0 kilometers up a hill that inclines 8.0 degrees. what is the car's vertical displacement.
Generators need a source of energy to produce electricity. Which form of energy is a nonrenewable source of energy?
Non-renewable sources of energy include fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas, as well as nuclear energy. They are called non-renewable because they cannot be replenished within a human timescale and have limited reserves.
A nonrenewable source of energy is one that is finite and cannot be replenished within a human timescale. The most important non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels, which include coal, petroleum, and natural gas. These resources account for about 81% of the world's energy consumption. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form and are thus considered nonrenewable. Burning these fuels releases energy that can be converted to generate electricity. Another key non-renewable energy source is nuclear energy, which, while supplying about 3% of the world's consumption, also cannot be quickly replenished and has environmental and health costs associated with it, such as the safety and disposal of nuclear waste.
PLZZZZZ HELP!!!In operant conditioning, the consequence shapes the behavior. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F
The answer is true, midude! Calm down.
Answer: The given statement is true.
Explanation:
In operant conditioning, the events or circumstances to which an individual reacts helps in a certain kind of learning because of their outcome or consequences.
And on the basis of an individual's behavior he gets rewards or punishment.
For example, a child was made to finish his homework first and only then he can go to play. So, the child finishes his homework quickly and as a result of this his mother rewarded him with a chocolate.
Therefore, we can conclude that the statement, in operant conditioning, the consequence shapes the behavior, is true.
The gravity of Neptune is about 1.1 times the gravity of earth. How will the mass of an object on Neptune compare with its mass on earth
Challenge: a hammer is dropped on planet x. if the hammer has a mass of 3 kg and a weight of 9 n, what is the gravitational acceleration of planet x and is it more or less than that of earth?
Answer:
Gravitational acceleration at planet x will be [tex]g=3m/sec^2[/tex]
Acceleration due to gravity on planet x will be less than acceleration due to gravity on earth
Explanation:
We have given mass of the hammer m = 3 kg
And weight of the hammer at planet x = 9 N
We know that weight of the body is given by [tex]W=mg[/tex]
[tex]9=3\times g[/tex]
[tex]g=3m/sec^2[/tex]
So gravitational acceleration at planet x will be [tex]g=3m/sec^2[/tex]
As we know that acceleration due to gravity on earth is [tex]9.8m/sec^2[/tex]
So acceleration due to gravity on planet x will be less than acceleration due to gravity on earth