Base excision repair is a backup for the DNA polymerase proofreading function.
Base excision repair (BER) in biochemistry and genetics refers to the cellular mechanism during the cell cycle that repair damaged DNA and it is mainly responsible for removing small, non-helix-distorting base lesions from the genome.
Mismatch repair is a backup for the DNA polymerase proofreading function.
Mismatch repair takes place immediately after the completion of the DNA synthesis and its job is to detect, remove and replace small insertions that were undetected during proofreading.
Further ExplanationThe enzymes that are responsible for the creation of DNA in cells are known as DNA polymerase. When DNA replication takes place, the DNA polymerase can check to know which bases are added. The DNA polymerase can discover if bases are impaired. This process is what is called Proofreading.
During DNA synthesis, the DNA polymerase can discover incorrect nucleotides and replace them accordingly before the continuation of the DNA replication.
Although many errors that occur during DNA synthesis are corrected by the polymerase, some errors can still go on undetected. However, some of these insertions can be detected and corrected through mismatch repair.
Mismatch repair is the process that involves detecting and corrections of erroneous insertion that can occur after DNA replication. DNA mismatch repair can as well detect and repair damages to the DNA after New DNA has been created. The major function of the Mismatch repair is to detect, removed and replaced bases that are mispaired.
Therefore, Mismatch repair is a backup for the DNA polymerase proofreading function.
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Which type of repair is a backup for the dna polymerase proofreading function? https://brainly.com/question/6576138The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide errors in DNA is https://brainly.com/question/13049930KEYWORDS:
proofreading functionbackupmismatch repairdna polymerasemispaired basesAfter 3 hours of exercise, what are the main sources of energy?
After 3 hours of exercise, the body primarily uses fatty acids and ketone bodies for energy. Muscle glycogen is used up quickly, followed by blood glucose and increased fat metabolism. If exercise continues for extended periods, protein can also be broken down for glucose.
Explanation:After 3 hours of exercise, the main sources of energy for the body are fatty acids and ketone bodies. When muscle glycogen stores are depleted, which happens within the first few minutes of high-intensity exercise, the body then transitions to using blood glucose and fatty acids as the primary sources of energy.
Glucose can still contribute to energy production through the bloodstream, particularly if it's been recently ingested through diet. If exercise continues for an extended period or at lower intensity, fatty acid metabolism increases, and the body begins to utilize these fats more predominantly. Eventually, if the body is subjected to starvation or continued long-duration exercise, it will start producing ketone bodies from fatty acids as an alternative energy source.
Proteins are usually conserved during exercise but can be broken down to glucose in situations of energy deficit or extended duration activities. In summary, following exhaustive exercises like those spanning 3 hours, fat stores and any circulating blood glucose become the principal sources of energy for the body, with ketone body production coming into play thereafter.
The type of blood vessel that allows easy passage of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste through its cell wall is the ________.
The type of blood vessel which has the function of having to allow passage easily of other substances such as nutrients, carbon dioxide, oxygen and even waste in the cell wall is known to be the capillary. It is known to be a branching blood vessel in which it has a role of being a network with both the venules and arterioles.
What is the relationship between the energy charge of a cell and control of the atp-generating pathway?
Which type of membrane would be present in the largest quantity in a prokaryotic cell?
The membrane, which is present in the largest quantity in a prokaryotic cell is the cell membrane.
• The cell membrane also known as the plasma membrane separates the cell from the outside environment.
• It monitors the movement of organic molecules, water, ions, oxygen, and certain wastes into and out of the cell.
• The cell membrane protects the cell.
• The cell membranes are generally formed of fatty-acid-based lipids and proteins.
It is the cell membrane or the plasma membrane, which is present in the largest concentration in a prokaryotic cell.
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Kim wants to grow some more plants in her garden. she has to plan carefully because she has an allergy to plant pollen. which plant should she not plant in her garden? dandelion, because it is wind-pollinated sweet cherry, because it is pollinated by flies blackberry, because it is bee-pollinated nextreset
The correct answer is A. Dandelion, because it is wind-pollinated.
_____ are substances that are capable of enabling as well as inhibiting the flow of electricity.
a. insulators
Answer:
The answer is semiconductors
Explanation:
Name the thin tissue that holds the organs in place in the body cavity
Which of the following statements is true about catalysts? (1 point)
A. Catalysts slow down the rate of chemical reactions.
B. All catalysts are enzymes
C. Catalysts are used up during a chemical reaction.
D. Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction.
Answer:
The correct answer is: C. Catalysts are used up during a chemical reaction.
Explanation:
Catalysts are substances used in chemical reactions to speed them up. Many of our bodily functions require the use of catalysts to function at the rate we need them. The catalyst is not consumed during the reaction - because of this, catalysts can be re-used.
Catalysis is possible thanks to the presence of catalysts. Catalysts provide alternate pathways with the lower activation energy for the chemical reactions. Activation energy refers to the energy required for a reaction to happen. When there are no catalysts around, the activation energy is much higher, and thus the reaction is harder to achieve.
Catalysts in the body are called enzymes. Outside our bodies, there are also many catalysts, like heterogeneous catalysts, homogeneous catalysts, and photocatalysts.
In emphasizing that genetic influences on behavior depend on a personʼs home environment, psychologists are highlighting the importance of:
How does the input of olfactory information to the brain differ from other sensory input pathways?
a. it does not require the cortex for higher order processing.
b. direct connections to the thalamus are not made before information reaches the cortex.
c. the first direct connection is to the thalamus and not to the medulla.
d. prior to making connections with the medulla, sensory input travels through the spinal cord?
A client who recently had surgery is bleeding. what blood product does the nurse anticipate administering for this client?
In general, which factor is NOT critical when beginning an exercise program? A. using appropriate protective equipment during exercise B. finding friends who like to exercise the same way you do C. seeing your doctor for a physical assessment prior to beginning exercise D. choosing clothing that is designed to match your exercise program Please select the best answer from the choices provided. A B C D
The correct answer is option B. finding friends who like to exercise the same way you do
In the beginning of the exercise program, it is advised to were appropriate clothing as well as use protective equipment, so that the person is not injured and can do the exercise comfortably. It is also advised to go for a physical assessment before starting exercise, so that, any ailment cannot harm the person during exercise. But, finding friends, who are interested in same type of exercise is completely optional. It is better if you find friends, but it is not at all necessary.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Why is it important that nadp+ reductase is on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane?
The NADP+ reductase is present on the outer side of the thylakoid membrane so as to release NADPH on the stromal side where it can be used during dark reaction along with ATP to form glucose.
Further Explanation:
The light reaction or energy-producing phase of photosynthesis takes place in the thylakoid membrane forming ATP and NADPH. These molecules are then utilized during the dark reaction to produce sugars that occur in the stroma. The ATP is the energy-storing molecule while NADPH is the reduced electron carrier.
NADP+ reductase or ferredoxin NADP+ reductase (FNR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the last step of the light reaction during photosynthesis that is the transfer of electrons from ferredoxin (reduced) to NADP+ and results in the formation of NADPH and ferredoxin (oxidized). This enzyme is located on the outer periphery of the thylakoid membrane. When FNR accepts electrons from ferredoxin it releases NADPH on the outside of the thylakoid membrane or the stroma as FNR faces outwards. NADPH cycling is a vital step and can occur only in the presence of light. The stromal side provides optimal light for the reaction to take place.
The ATP is also formed in the light reaction as the movement of electrons from one carrier to another releasing some sort of energy which is used to pump proton (H+) to the lumen from the stroma. The transfer of protons back to the stroma takes place through ATP synthase resulting in the formation of ATP.The ATP and NADPH are formed on the stromal side and are used in the dark reaction to proceed photosynthesis further and form a glucose molecule from carbon dioxide.
Therefore, the presence of NADP+ reductase on the stromal side is important so as to form NADPH on the outer side and perform the NADPH cycling efficiently.
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Answer Details:
Grade: College Biology
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Photosynthesis
Keywords:
Photosynthesis, light reaction, dark reaction, thylakoid membrane, stroma, lumen, NADP+ reductase, FNR, ATP, NADPH, ferredoxin.
How does coal create a negative impact to the environment?
The ________ surrounds the third ventricle and its two most important structures are the _______.
Covered by the two cerebral hemispheres, the diencephalon is the structure of the central nervous system that surrounds the third ventricle. It is composed of several other structures. The most important of them are the Thalamus, which plays a very important role in movements and emotions; and the Hypothalamus, which provides functions including thermoregulation, appetite and regulation of the sleep-wake cycle.
The two major types of sensory receptors, based on the origin of stimuli, are
In which stage of the cell cycle was the nucleus with 6 picograms of dna?
_____ 8. destroy pathogens on the outer body surface, at body openings, and on inner body linings
Episodes of overeating (typically high-calorie foods) followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise are common in individuals with
A patient is to receive enalapril (vasotec) 5 mg iv every 6 hours. each dose is given over 5 minutes. the medication is available in an injectable form, 1.25 mg/ml. identify how many milliliters of medication will the nurse draw up for each dose. _______
The development of the _____________—with its small size, absence of heat, and low cost—made personal computers possible
The most serious complications of bulimia and anorexia nervosa include
Substances formed by joining smaller molecules together are called
If an individual is a carrier of an infectious disease, he is __________. if an individual is a carrier of an infectious disease, he is __________. both symptomatic and noninfective infective both asymptomatic and infective asymptomatic
An individual who is a carrier of an infectious disease is both asymptomatic and infective. This means they do not show symptoms, but can still transfer the disease to others, often via direct or indirect transmission mechanisms. Thus, carriers play a significant role in the propagation of infectious diseases.
Explanation:If an individual is a carrier of an infectious disease, he is both asymptomatic and infective. This means that while they do not show any symptoms of the disease, they can still transmit the disease to others. A good example is the herpes simplex virus, which may not present any noticeable signs or symptoms in most infected individuals.
Disease spreading in this way is referred to as a propagated spread, essentially progressing from person to person through a population of susceptible individuals. This can happen directly, with close person-to-person contact, or indirectly, via contaminated objects or surfaces, airborne inhalation of droplets or aerosols, or even through a vector such as an insect. Despite being asymptomatic, a carrier can have a major role in the spread of infectious diseases.
While a 'carrier' can also refer to an individual who can transmit a recessive genetic disorder to offspring without showing any symptoms, in the context of an infectious disease, a carrier is an infected individual who can transmit the contagious pathogen to others, whether or not symptoms are currently present.
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What is the significance of the red blood cell being anucleate?
What essential bodily fluid can an astronaut’s body stop producing if his or her hips are exposed to solar flares?
An important buffer in the blood is a mixture of ________.
What does set point theory suggest about the probable results of bariatric surgery?
Set point theory proposes that the body has a natural weight "set point" that it strives to maintain, and bariatric surgery, while effective for initial weight loss, may be met with resistance from the body's homeostatic mechanisms, potentially leading to weight regain over time.
According to the set point theory, the body aims to stay within a preferred or stable weight range. Due to restricted food intake or malabsorption, people who have bariatric surgery can initially lose a lot of weight. However, the natural defenses of the body may prevent long-term weight loss.
Increased hunger, decreased energy expenditure, and adaptations that make long-term weight loss difficult to maintain can all be caused by metabolic and hormonal changes. In order to prevent weight gain and address the body's set point processes, people may need to significantly alter their lifestyles, get continuing assistance, and consider other options in addition to bariatric surgery.
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Excellent water supply can reduce the morbidity from typhoid fever by what percentage (potentially)?
The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between ________.
The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between NUCLEOTIDE and NUCLEIC ACID.
The primary structure of the polypeptide chain is composed of 20 different classes of amino acids held together by peptide bonds.Thus, amino acids represent the building blocks of polypeptides (i.e., proteins).In a similar way, nucleotides are building blocks of nucleic acids (both DNA and RNA).On the other hand, monosaccharides (e.g., glucose) are building blocks of polysaccharides (e.g., starch).In conclusion, the relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between NUCLEOTIDE and NUCLEIC ACID.
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The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar a leading to a longer chain.
Explanation:The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between monosaccharide and polysaccharide in carbohydrates. Just like amino acids are the building blocks of polypeptides, monosaccharides are the building blocks of polysaccharides. Both amino acids and monosaccharides can link together through specific bonds to form longer chains.