Answer:
is formed when hydrogens combine temporarily with pyruvate..Glycolysis is the metabolic process that takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. The glycolysis can undergo aerobic or anaerobic respiration pathways depending on the requirements.
The correct answer is:
Option D. It is a by-product of a high rate of protein breakdown
The lactic acid is the end product of glycolysis during anaerobic respiration.
This can be explained as:
Glycolysis is one of the pathways of cellular respiration, which yields lactate in anaerobic conditions.Lactic acid is formed when two pyruvates ionize under anaerobic conditions. The NADH+ will be reduced to H+. Lactate can easily be diffused in the blood, cells, or mitochondria, and thus, can be carried away from the site of productions. The by-products of glycolysis involve lactic acid and pyruvate in anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively.
Thus, the correct answer is Option D.
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One of the primary functions of this tissue type is to store energy.
Answer:
Adipose tissue
Explanation:
Adipose tissue is an example of loose connective tissue. The cells of the adipose tissues are filled with droplets of fat. When there is a need for energy and glucose is not available as an energy source, the stored fats enter the catabolic pathway to produce energy in the form of ATP. The proportion of stored fat in adipose tissues is as high as 80%.
Hence, adipose tissues are the connective tissues that serve to store energy in the form of fat droplets.
dominant over the mutant vermilion (bright red) allele. A homozygous wild-type female fly is mated with a vermilion male fly. Predict the eye colors of F1 and F2 generations. (Assume that the F1 flies are allowed to interbreed to produce the F2 generation.)
.................................................................
What is the consensual response (the response of the left eye)?
Answer:
Constriction of pupil of left eye in response to entry of bright light in right eye.
Explanation:
The consensual response is a reflex response towards the intensity of light. When the right eye is exposed to the bright light, there is constriction of its pupil mediated by iris to regulate the amount of light entering the eye ball. However, at the same time, the pupil size of the left eye is also reduced to limit the amount of light entering the eye. This response of the left eye towards the exposure of the right eye for bright light is called consensual response.
Sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system define and contrast
Answer:
Sympathetic nervous system:
Sympathetic nervous system helps the body to prepare at conditions such as threat and danger. This system increases the heart beat and cause muscle contraction. This system is referred as "fight or flight" system.
Parasympathetic nervous system:
Parasympathetic nervous system controls the body to prepare at rest. This system maintains the homeostasis, decreases the heart beat and causes the relaxation of muscles. This system is referred as "rest and digest" system.
When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases
A) more urine is produced
B) less urine is produced
C) the osmolarity of the urine decreases
D) both A and C
E) both B and C
Answer:
(A). more urine is produced.
Explanation:
ADH (antidiuretic hormone), also known as vasopressin is a peptide hormone, which is synthezied in hypothalamus and is secreted by posterior pituitary gland.
ADH plays role in osmoregulation as it is responsible for water retention by decreasing urine output when there is low level of water in body.
As ADH is responsible for decreased urine formation, more urine will be produced due to decrease in ADH that would lead to an increase osmolarity of urine.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).
ADH regulates the body's water balance. When ADH levels decrease, more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases. Thus, the correct answer is both A and C.
Explanation:Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is a hormone that plays a significant role in controlling the body's water balance. When the level of ADH decreases, the kidneys are less stimulated to reabsorb water, resulting in more urine being produced (option A) and the osmolarity of the urine decreases (option C). Thus the correct answer would be option D: both A and C. ADH's prime function is to conserve the fluid volume of your body by reducing the amount of water passed out in the urine.
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Fat, sugars and proteins after digested to their monomers are converted to which molecule when they enter TCA (krebs) cycle?
Answer:
Acetyl CoA
Explanation:
Fat, sugars and proteins are digested into their monomers namely fatty acid and glycerol, simple sugar and amino acids respectively. These simple chemicals are finally digested into acetyl CoA.
Acetyl CoA enters the TCA cycle and is completely broken down into CO2 and H2O. The energy released during redox reactions of the TCA cycle is stored in the form of NADH and FADH2 which then enter the oxidative phosphorylation.
After compounds are absorbed through the villi of the small intestine: (a) They travel to the kidneys, which excrete absorbed, but unwanted water-soluble compounds (b) They travel to the kidneys, which screen for unwanted compounds that have been absorbed and begin to detoxify so they can be eliminated. (c) They travel to the liver, which excretes absorbed, but unwanted water-soluble compounds (d) They travel to the liver, which screens for unwanted compounds that have been absorbed and begins to detoxify so they can be eliminated.
Answer:
the answer is a.
Explanation:
the small intestine absorbs the nutrients in digested food, then the kidneys where the liquid waste is formed into urates for excretion.
Helppp!!!! What type of tissue is this ??? Nervous tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, or epithelial tissue???
Answer: Connective tissue
Explanation: So, this is not exactly nervous or epithelial tissue. In all probability it is connective tissue
Answer:
Explanation:
my guess is epithelial tissue
Plzzzz help
As time goes by and water goes through the water cycle again and again, the amount of water
on Earth:
increases
decreases
Ostays the same
goes up and down
Muscle that forms floor of thoracic cavity
a. Diaphragm
b. Pectoralis major
Answer:
Explanation:
It is the A the Diaphragm
Define depolarization.
Answer:
According to Dictionary.com, "depolarize" means:
a sharp division, as of a population or group, into opposing factions.the deposit of gases, produced during electrolysis, on the electrodes of a cell, increasing the resistance of the cell.protons and neutrons are found together in the part of the atom called the
The nucleus
the protons and neutrons are in the nucleus and the electrons revolve around the nucleus
In sheep, coat color is influenced by two genes. Gene A influences pigment production, while gene B produces black or brown pigment. If two heterozygous white sheep were crossed and offspring were produced in a ratio of 12 white sheep to 3 black sheep to 1 brown sheep, what are the genotypes of the offspring?
Answer:
White: A---
Black: aaB-
Brown: aabb
Explanation:
The given example represents dominant epistasis wherein the gene A masks the effect of gene B. Hence, all the genotypes having at least one copy of "A" allele will have white coat color (A---).
On the other hand, in absence of "A" allele, the "B" allele would be able to express itself. Hence, all the genotypes that have two copies of recessive "a" allele and atleast one "B" allele (aaB-) would have black coat color.
The brown coat color would be expressed in double homozygous recessive genotypes (aabb) only.
In sheep, when two heterozygous white sheep are crossed, resulting in a phenotypic ratio of 12 white:3 black:1 brown sheep, this demonstrates epistasis. White sheep could have various genotypes indicating a lack of pigment or color expression, black sheep would have AaBb genotype, and the rare brown sheep could be aaBB.
In the scenario described, where coat color in sheep is influenced by two genes - Gene A for pigment production and Gene B that decides the color of the pigment (black or brown), we observe an example of epistasis. Cross-breeding two heterozygous white sheep resulted in offspring with a phenotypic ratio of 12 white:3 black:1 brown. To understand the genotypes of the offspring, we must assign gene symbols. Let's say 'A' (dominant) allows pigment production, while 'a' (recessive) does not; and 'B' (dominant) codes for black pigment, while 'b' (recessive) results in brown pigment. The absence of A (aa genotype) results in white coat color regardless of the B gene's allele, which is an example of epistasis. Given the ratios, the probable genotypes for the offspring would be:
White sheep: aabb, Aabb, aaBb, or any combination where at least one gene lacks the dominant allele necessary for color expression.Black sheep: AaBb, which have the necessary alleles from each gene to produce pigment and determine it to be black.Brown sheep: aaBB, lacking the dominant A for pigment production but possessing the dominant B allele, resulting in brown pigment in the few cases where pigment is produced.This demonstrates the interaction between multiple genes in determining an organism's phenotype, specifically through the mechanism of epistasis.
Cytotoxic T (Tc) cells are like a natural killer (NK) cell because they both
A. secrete interferons.
B. secrete granzymes and perforin.
C. participate in the immune response.
D. participate in nonspecific resistance.
Answer:
B. secrete granzymes and perforin.
Explanation:
Perforins are the proteins that perforate the plasma membrane of the target cell and lead to bursting of cells due to holes formed in its membrane. Granzymes are the proteolytic enzymes. They serve to stimulate the target cells to kill themselves by the process of apoptosis.
Binding of natural killer cells to their target cells stimulate the release of granules that are filled with perforins or granzymes to kill the target cells.
Likewise, cytotoxic T cells bind to the infected body cells and release the granules filled with perforins or granzymes to kill those infected cells.
The presence of the Rh factor on the red blood cell tells you whether or not you have the Rh ____.
A. antigen
B. antibody
C. agglutinin
D. pathogen
Answer: A. antigen
Explanation:
An antigen is a protein that is present over the surface of the red blood cells. The type of antigen present over the surface of the red blood cell determine the blood type ( A, B, AB, O). The Rh factor is an antigen which is an inherited protein that can be found over the surface of the red blood cells. If an individual posses Rh antigen in the blood that will exhibit the Rh positive blood type. The one which does not posses the Rh antigen in the blood will be consider as Rh negative blood type.
The specific receptors responsible for rotation found in the semicircular canals is called
a. Ampulla
b. Vestibule
c. Auricle
d. Saccule
e. Crista
Answer:idn
Explanation:
The respiratory membrane is composed of fused basement membrane of the capillary walls and the ____________.
Answer:
Type l cells.
Explanation:
because according to my knowledge of science, the correct answer to this question is Type l cells.
* Hopefully this helps:) Mark me the brainliest:)
It is the structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver.
Answer:
falciform ligament
Explanation:
Falciform ligament’s is the structure which divides the liver into two lobes – right and left. It is a sickle shaped structure which connects the ventral body wall to the liver. It is the remaining part of fetus’s ventral mesentery and consist of fat between its layers. It is situated at the anteroposterior plane and connect to the left lobe from its back.
An example of working memory is
a) the ability to recall an address from your childhood
b) the ability to remember a phone number you learned yesterday
c) the ability to repeat a task such as solving a 3-dimensional puzzle
d) the ability to remember a brief list of ingredients in a recipe and what to do with them
Answer: A
Explanation:
An example of working memory is the ability to remember a phone number you learned yesterday. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is Working memory?Working memory may be defined as the amount of information that can be stored in the mind and utilized in the execution of cognitive tasks. It is a part of short-term memory.
Working memory always deals with the remembrance of address, contact number, etc in the mind while listening to instructions on a specific topic that was made earlier in the past few days.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is B.
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Water and Ion Balance (pick the incorrect statement). (a) Compared to a small mammal, a large mammal can be more active during a hot sunny day because it has a small surface area to volume ratio minimizing heat exchange with the environment. (b) When dehydrated, a camel stores nitrogenous wastes in its tissues to conserve water. (c) Temperature regulation can have a significant impact on water and ion balance, particularly for terrestrial endotherms. (d) A small desert mammal (e.g. a kangaroo rat) can minimize water loss by temporarily suspending thermoregulation and allowing its body temperature to fluctuate.
Answer:
Option (b) When dehydrated, a camel stores nitrogenous wastes in its tissues to conserve water.
Explanation:
The camel has good a hump on its back that helps with water storage. This is also made up of a water soluble fatty substance and fats. The water regulation is also controlled by the nephron which is an integral part of the kidney. The nephron has the Loop of Henle that regulates the retention of the water in the body. When there is no water, the potential of the ions force the water back into the kidneys so that the cells do not get disturbed. The nitrogenous wastes are expelled out as soon as possible because they form ammonium salts that may disturb the cell metabolism.
Hence, option (b) is not true.
Final answer:
The incorrect statement is that camels store nitrogenous wastes in tissues. In truth, camels and other mammals concentrate urine. Large mammals can be more active in the heat due to their favorable surface area-to-volume ratio and efficient temperature regulation that affects water balance.
Explanation:
The incorrect statement in the question regarding water and ion balance is 'When dehydrated, a camel stores nitrogenous wastes in its tissues to conserve water.' The correct process that camels and other mammals use when dehydrated is not to store nitrogenous wastes in tissues but to concentrate urines, like urea, to conserve water. Camel kidneys are extremely efficient at reabsorbing water to minimize water loss.
Large mammals, compared to small ones, have a smaller surface area-to-volume ratio, which indeed minimizes heat exchange with the environment and allows them to be more active during the heat of the day. This can be understood in the context of their heat conservation mechanisms, such as having layers of fat and sometimes fur or feathers for insulation.
Temperature regulation is intrinsically linked to water and ion balance, particularly in terrestrial endotherms which must maintain homeostasis in internal temperature. Thermoregulation can lead to water loss through mechanisms like sweating or panting. Conversely, small desert mammals like the kangaroo rat have adaptations, such as very efficient kidneys, to minimize water loss. Varying thermoregulation may allow them to cope with extreme temperatures while conserving water, but suspending thermoregulation entirely would be detrimental to their survival.
Carbon dioxide is transported by all the following means except
A. carbaminohemoglobin.
B. carbonic acid.
C. carbonate
D. bicarbonate ions.
Answer:
C. Carbonate
Explanation:
i juST KNOW
Carbondioxide is not transported through carbonate. That is option C.
Transportation of carbondioxideCarbon dioxide is a chemical compound that is made up of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.
In the human body, carbondioxide can be transported through three following means;
As carbonic acid : Here it is dissolved directly in the blood.As carbaminohemoglobin: Here it is bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin.As bicarbonate ions: Here it is converted into bicarbonate.They are not transported as carbonate but through bicarbonate.
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Acetyl co A can
A) Enter the citric acid (Krebs cycle)
B) Combine with another acetyl co A
C) Be converted to glycerol
D) Be converted to glycerol
E) Both a and b are correct
Answer:
Both a and b are correct.
Explanation:
Acetyl co A or acetyl coenzyme A is a chemical molecule that plays an important role in the biochemical reactions. This molecule acts as an intermediate molecule in various reactions.
Acetyl co A delivers the acetyl group in the citric acid cycle. Acetyl co A can also combine with another acetyl co A during the synthesis of fatty acid.
Thus, the correct answer is option (E).
_________ is the cranial nerve that controls sense of smell.
Answer: Olfactory nerves
Involved in allergic and hypersensitivity reactions, SELECT ONE:
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgE
D. IgG
E. IgM
Answer: IgE
Explanation:
Allergic reactions and hypersensitivity are the reactions which are produced in the body due to the invasion of a foreign antigen. In response to the invasive antibodies are produced in the body. The IgE is the special antibody that is produce in response to the invasive antigens. These antibodies instruct the cells to produce substances which produces the allergic response in the body.
The _______ is (are) responsible for the red blood cell's ability to transport oxygen.
A. hemoglobin
B. leukocytes
C. platelets
D. hematocrit
Answer:
(A). hemoglobin
Explanation:
Hemoglobin is iron-containing protein, present in RBCs (red blood cells) of nearly all vertebrates and some invertebrates. It is made up of four globular protein units.
The main function of hemoglobin is to transport oxygen to the different parts of the body. The oxygen is requires by the body cells to perform cellular respiration that generates energy in the form of ATP molecules.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Glycosaminoglycans are unbranched polysaccharides consisting of alternating residues of uronic acid and hexosamine. Which of the following is NOT a glycosaminoglycan? a. heparin b. chondroitin-4-sulfate c. agaropectin d. dermatan sulfate e. hyaluronate
Answer:
It's agaropectin which is a charged polymer
The embryos of a bird, a reptile, and a mammal are similar in appearance. How does comparing the physical appearance of embryos of different species support the theory of evolution?
a. it shows that these organisms share a common ancestor.
b. it provides evidence that these organisms eat the same foods.
c. it shows that these organisms share the same habitat.
d. it provides evidence that these organisms suffered a genetic mutation.
Answer:
I believe the answer is A.
Explanation:
Species may share similar physical features because that feature was present in a common ancestor. These features are known as homologous structures.
Answers b, c, and d sound probable, but those responses of foods, habitat, and genetic mutation don't directly correlate with the theory of evolution.
For example: In option d, these organisms all most likely suffered from a genetic mutation, but the similarity of the embryos does not prove that.
The correct answer is A. It shows that these organisms share a common ancestor.
Explanation:
In biology, the Theory of Evolution was first proposed by Darwin and Wallace and this explains organisms evolve or change over time which means their genes and physical traits are not static but the result of changes in previous generations mainly influenced by environmental changes that make certain traits prevail over others. In the same way, in this theory, changes in species lead to new species and this implies all living organism and even those that are already extinct have one common ancestor and this was the origin of all species as changes in genes and traits or evolution took place.
This idea is supported with different types evidence and one of this is that different types of animals such as birds, reptiles, and mammals look almost identical in the embryonic stage which shows they share common features but as the embryon develops certain features are shown over others. Therefore, comparing the physical appearance of embryos support the theory of evolution as it shows that these organisms share a common ancestor.
True or False: Sufficient intakes of calcium rich foods may increase the risk of colon cancer.
Answer:
The affirmation that sufficient intakes of calcium-rich foods may increase the risk of colon cancer, is false.
Explanation:
According to several studies carried out both in the U.S and other countries, although with not a significant evidence, it was seen that on the contrary, people whose diets had a consumption of calcium in their diet, above 700 mg, more or less depending on the study being researched, the possibility of suffering of colon cancer, particularly of the distal parts, was much less than in those with a low dietary consumption of this mineral. Most of the studies that have been published, like the Nurses´ Health Study, among others, show that a good level of consumption of calcium, within the appropriate limits set for daily dietary intake, may lower the risk of suffering colon cancer in people.
True or False. The most toxic of our metabolic wastes are nitrogenous wastes.
Metabolic wastes are substances left over from metabolic processes. The answer is true.
Jessica travels to a remote village in the Amazon jungle in order to work as a medical volunteer. While in this village, Jessica discovers a new animal species that has a very selective diet. She observes that this specific species eats only fruit and plant products. Intrigued by this new animal species and its unique diet, Jessica decides to study the alimentary canal of this organism. One finding that is particularly interesting to Jessica, however, is the mucosal layer of the stomach. She notes that one cell is missing.
Which of the following cells would most likely be missing from the new species’ stomach mucosa?
a) Chief cell, because it releases pepsin, an enzyme necessary for the digestion of proteins.
b) Goblet cell, because this organism does not need to release mucus along the alimentary canal.
c) Enteroendocrine cell, because this organism does not need to absorb as many food products.
d) Paneth cell, because this organism will not need to secrete substances that destroy bacteria.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The chief cells in the alimentary canal of the organism releases an enzyme which is helpful in the digestion of the protein.
The name of the enzyme id pepsin which is not required much in the body of the organism who feeds on the plants and plant extracts.
This is because the plants have higher amount of carbohydrates in it and less source of protein.
Hence, for the digestion of cellulose, pepsin is not required.