Answer:
The correct option is A.
Explanation:
Nutrient cycling refers to the process of movement and exchange of various organic and inorganic materials through the biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere. Nutrient cycling is a very important process that ensures that the ecosystem is balanced. The principal factor that controls the rate of nutrient cycling in ecosystem is detritus. Detritus refers to decomposed organic matters. Therefore, the rate of decomposition of organic and inorganic nutrients majorly determine the rate at which nutrient cycling occurs.
What starts the light reaction of photosynthesis? A. Water from the roots travel to the leaves. B. Light strikes the chloroplast. C. Light strikes the mitochondrion. D. A period of darkness precedes.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Photosynthesis can be explained as the method through which most plants, some bacterias, a few protistans and algae prepare their food by utilizing light energy obtained from the sun.
In plants, the photosynthesis process starts with the absorption of sunlight through chlorophyll present in the chloroplast organelles. The method proceeds by the production of glucose with the help of absorbed sunlight, water and carbon dioxide, which later leads to the production of ATP(energy).
Therefore, the correct answer is "Option B".
B. Light strikes the chloroplast starts the light reaction of photosynthesis.
The light reaction of photosynthesis is the first stage of the photosynthetic process, where light energy is converted into chemical energy. This reaction takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, specifically in the thylakoid membranes.
When light strikes the chloroplast, it is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments located in the thylakoid membranes. This light energy is then used to excite electrons within the chlorophyll molecules, raising them to higher energy levels.
The excited electrons are then passed through a series of electron carriers in the thylakoid membrane, creating an electron transport chain. As the electrons move through this chain, their energy is used to pump protons (H+) from the stroma (the fluid-filled space within the chloroplast) into the thylakoid lumen (the interior space of the thylakoid). This creates an electrochemical gradient across the thylakoid membrane, with higher proton concentration in the lumen than in the stroma.
The potential energy stored in this proton gradient is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through chemiosmosis, a process that couples the movement of protons back into the stroma with the synthesis of ATP.
Simultaneously, the light energy also drives the splitting of water molecules (photolysis) in the thylakoid lumen, releasing electrons, protons, and oxygen. The oxygen is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct, while the electrons and protons are used to replace the ones lost in the electron transport chain.
In summary, the light reaction of photosynthesis is initiated when light strikes the chloroplast and is absorbed by pigments, leading to the excitation of electrons and the generation of high-energy intermediates necessary for the synthesis of ATP and the release of oxygen.
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Did alleles for drug resistance occur in bacterial populations that afflict humans, prior to the widespread use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture?
Answer:
Yes, drug resistance existed before, but it increased after the widespread use of antibiotics
Explanation:
Drug resistances in bacteria usually occurs as a consequence of mutation. Individuals that carry the resistance mutation survive even after the treatment with antibiotics. So, these mutations are advantageous for bacteria and thus, become favourable by natural selection (natural selection is evolutionary mechanism which favours traits of an organism that help him survive and reproduce). Resistant bacteria that survived after the use of antibiotics had the favuoruable trait (resistance) by natural selection.
Bacteria can even transfer drug-resistance to other bacteria via the process of conjugation, transducton or transformation.
Why does a constant growth rate produce a j-shaped curve?
A long folded tube inside the body attached to the stomach where nutrients in the food are absorbed is ________
Answer:
The Answer is Small Intestine
Explanation:
A small intestine is attached to the stomach and goes all the way to the anus. Despite it's name it is not really small. It was average size. 20 feet long and about one inch thick in diameter. However, the size can greatly vary in some people from as small as 10 feet to as large as 34 feet.
As our food passes through the small intestine, small fibers start to absorb as much nutrients and minerals it can from the food.
Along with humans it is found in every four-limbed animal and is particular large in herbivors.
What happens to the incoming solar radiation after it is reflected off the surface of the earth?
The solar radiation bounces off without affecting the earth.
The wavelength is longer and warms the atmosphere.
The wavelength is shorter and cools the atmosphere.
Solar radiation is completely absorbed by earth's surface
Answer:
The radiation is reflected by the ice and then reflected by the atmosphere.
Explanation:
I think its right ,because ice caps bounces ( reflection) then its trapped meaning absorbed.
The wavelength is longer and warms the atmosphere. This effect is called the greenhouse effect. Therefore, option B is correct.
What is the greenhouse effect?The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon that happens when heat from a planet's host star passes through the atmosphere of the planet and warms the surface of the planet. However, greenhouse gases in the atmosphere prevent part of the heat from going directly to space, making the world warmer.
Greenhouse gas concentrations have increased due to human activity. Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during the past century (CO2). This rise is brought on by the burning of coal or oil, which produces CO2 when airborne carbon and oxygen mix. Methane is also a greenhouse gas.
A greenhouse is categorized based on its basic shape. Gable, Flat arch, Raised dome, Sawtooth, Skillion, and Tunnel are some examples of these types. Therefore, option B is correct.
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What is the monosaccharide that results from the complete hydrolysis of amylose
Answer:
The monosaccharide that results from complete hydrolysis of amylose is GLUCOSE.
Explanation:
Amylose is a crystalline form of starch, it is made up of linear polysacharride chains that are joined together by mean of alpha 1, 4 glycosidic bonds. Hydrolyisis refers to the breaking down of a substance into its basic units. The basic unit of amylose is glucose, that is, amylose is made up of long chains of glucose. Therefore, when amlyose is hydrolyze, the monosaccharide that will result from the hydrolysis reaction is glucose.
This is what happens during digestion; when consumed starch is acted upon by amylases (enzymes that act on amylose) it is broken down into glucose, which can be used by the body for generation of energy.
Two major factors used to identify climate are
Answer: temperature and precipitation
if a nonnative species is introduced into an ecosystem . how might the biodiversity or health of the ecosystem change? why
PLZ HELP
What is the key lesson learned from Easter Island?
The key lesson learned from what has happened on the Easter Island is that the humans should live in balance with the nature and to use the natural resources responsibly. The Easter Island was inhabited by people until relatively recently, and they lived on the island for some time, but there's nothing left from them apart from numerous large heads made out of stone. The people that lived on the island died, and that happened because of their irresponsible way of using the natural resources and destroying the environment. The people that lived on the Easter Island managed to use and destroy all natural resources that were enabling their survival there, putting themselves in a situation where they didn't had anything to eat, nor having material to build boats and move on another place. They were tuck there, isolated, started to kill and eat each other until the last one of them was left and died. This is a very nice example and lesson for the humans in the present that they should be very careful with the nature and the natural resources because there's always a line that after it is crossed there's no coming back.
Researchers may control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means of
A) random assignment.
B) replication.
C) naturalistic observation.
D) operational definitions.
Answer:
A) random assignment.
Explanation:
Random assignment is a technique used in experiments and it refers to putting a subjects of experiment into different experimental groups by chance (random). This is the best way to ensure that differences between formed groups are due to experimental treatment and to avoid experimenter bias.
Final answer:
Researchers can control factors influencing a dependent variable using random assignment in experimental research to ensure groups are equivalent and to allow for causal conclusions.
Explanation:
Researchers may control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means of random assignment. This is an essential component of experimental research, which involves the manipulation of an independent variable and the measurement of a dependent variable. The use of random assignment helps to create initial equivalence between the groups, thereby allowing researchers to draw causal conclusions from the experiment. For instance, when participants are randomly assigned to two groups, such as Group A and Group B, the idea is that, before the experimental manipulation takes place, each group is on average equivalent to the other on every possible variable which could include factors like parental discipline style, peer relationships, hormone levels, diet, and more. By controlling these variables, any observed changes in the dependent variable are more likely attributed to the independent variable's influence rather than other external factors.
Guanine is used as a building block for what macromolecule?
Answer:
Nucleic acids
Explanation:
Nucleic acids are made up of monomers called, nucleotides. These nucleotides are made up of five bases attached to a 5-cabon sugar and phosphate. The five bases that make up nucleotides are guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine, and uracil.
Nucleic acids are the building blocks of every living thing. An example of a nucleic acid, is DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid. Another would be RNA or ribonucleic acid.
Guanine is a building block for the macromolecules DNA and RNA. It is a type of purine, a nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA. The nucleotide, which comprises of guanine, forms the monomer of these nucleic acids.
Explanation:Guanine is a building block for the macromolecule Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA). DNA and RNA are key macromolecules in the continuity of life. They carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and instructions for its functioning.
Guanine is categorized as a purine, one of the two types of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA, the other being pyrimidines. The nucleotide, the monomer of nucleic acids, consists of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base such as guanine.
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Match each word with the correct definition.
1. Variant
2. Genotyping
A. Difference in the DNA sequence between two individuals
B. An analysis that looks at specific locations in DNA to identify variations
Variant
Difference in the DNA sequence between two individuals
Genotyping
An analysis that looks at specific locations in DNA to identify variations
How does a shark's cardiovascular system differ from that of a mammal?
A shark's cardiovascular system flows in one loop, called the double circulatory system. Where as with mammals it is more like a tree, veins branching out from the heart and off other blood vessels.
In the hierarchy of levels of gene regulation, in what order do the following levels of regulation take place? (1) post-translational modification(2) RNA processing(3) transcription(4) chromatin remodeling(4)-(1)-(2)-(3)(4)-(3)-(2)-(1)(4)-(2)-(3)-(1)(1)-(3)-(2)-(4)(1)-(2)-(3)-(4)
Answer:
(4)-(3)-(2)-(1)
Explanation:
Gene expression is regulated at many levels:
Chromatin remodeling regulation includes altered histone modifications such as methylation which can regulate gene expression (up or down).Transcription is regulated via transcriptional factors and specificity factors such as repressors and activators.RNA processing can be regulated through the alternative splicing (different introns can be excised and combinations of different exons connected)post-translational modification refers to modification of proteins after being synthesized.As the protons move down their concentration gradient in the electron transport chain, what's happening with the electrons in the chain? A. They combine with oxygen to form water B. They convert ADP to ATP C. They split apart from oxygen D. They take a phosphate group off ATP
Answer:
A. They combine with oxygen to form water
Explanation:
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
The shorthand used by chemists to denote fatty acids is based on which guideline
Answer:
The first number indicates the number of carbon atoms and the second number indicates the number of double bonds.
Natural selection is based on the idea that as an environment changes, an individual's genetic makeup will change suddenly to suit the new environment.
In an experiment, a scientist makes a radioactively labeled probe using yeast dna. she then discovers that the probe hybridizes to a small segment of dna isolated from a fruit fly. what can she conclude from her results?
a. the fruit fly recently ate yeast for dinner.
b. a fruit fly might share at least one gene with a yeast cell.
c. a fruit fly accidentally wandered into the test tube containing the probe.
d. the scientist is unlikely to become a tenured professor at her university.
Answer:
B) A fruit fly might share at least one gene with a yeast cell.
Explanation:
Final answer:
The conclusion that the fruit fly and yeast might share at least one gene is based on the hybridization of the probe with the fruit fly's DNA, indicating sequence similarity between them. So the correct option is b.
Explanation:
In an experiment where a scientist discovers that her radioactively labeled probe using yeast DNA hybridizes to a small segment of DNA isolated from a fruit fly, she can conclude that the fruit fly might share at least one gene with a yeast cell. This conclusion is based on the principle that the probe would only hybridize with complementary sequences, which suggests that there is a sequence similarity between the yeast DNA in the probe and a segment of the fruit fly's DNA. This similarity may indicate that they have at least one gene in common, which could be due to conserved genetic sequences across different species that reflect a shared evolutionary ancestry or similar biological functions.
What is the importance of dna extraction?
The ability to extract DNA is of primary importance to studying the genetic causes of disease and for the development of diagnostics and drugs. It is also essential for carrying out forensic science, sequencing genomes, detecting bacteria and viruses in the environment and for determining paternity.
Final answer:
DNA extraction is crucial for accurately studying and manipulating genetic material, impacting research, medical diagnostics, and forensics. The process ensures the isolation of high-quality DNA and involves specific steps such as cell lysis, removal of contaminants, and DNA precipitation. The choice of DNA extraction kits can affect both quality and cost, while proper storage is key for sample integrity.
Explanation:
The importance of DNA extraction is paramount in biological sciences. It constitutes the first step in many biochemical analyses, allowing scientists to isolate genetic material from cell cultures or tissues. High-quality DNA extraction is essential for accurate quantification and can influence the outcome of research, medical diagnostics, and forensics. During DNA extraction, cells undergo lysis using detergents like sodium dodecyl sulfate, which is followed by the removal of unwanted macromolecules using proteases and DNAase-free RNAase. The DNA is then precipitated using alcohol due to its physical and chemical properties, uniquely separating it from other cellular components.
Researchers rely on various DNA extraction kits, which may affect sample quality and cost. The choice of the appropriate kit can significantly determine the integrity and utility of extracted DNA. Moreover, post-extraction, the DNA must be carefully stored at low temperatures for long-term preservation and future usage.
In summary, DNA extraction is a critical procedure that lays the foundation for many sophisticated scientific endeavors, ranging from gene expression studies and RNA analysis to the advancement of recombinant DNA technology and beyond.
What behavior does the texas horned lizard use to protect itself?
Answer:
Squirting blood from its eyes
Explanation:
The Texas horned lizard is a small lizard that is a prey animal to numerous animals, be it hawks, bobcats, coyotes, even mice. This has made this lizard to go to extremes when it comes to defense mechanisms. Its most famous defense mechanism is the squirting of blood with terrible taste through its eyes. It usually targets the mouth of the predator, and the predator gets confused and tries to shake off and whip its mouth, giving the lizard enough time to run to safety. The Texas horned lizard doesn't use this tactic always though, but only for certain predators, mostly the canids like the coyote and felids like the bobcat. This lizard has many more defense mechanisms and it uses them specifically for certain types of predators. It has excellent camouflage, often having the same color as objects that can not be eaten, it has spikes on its upper body and on its sides. It is able to run away from slower predators, to puff up or to stretch its ribs in order to not be swallowed, can stand still for very long time. All in all, this tiny creature is a master of defense mechanism.
The Texas horned lizard uses blood shooting and body puffing behaviors for protection.
Explanation:The Texas horned lizard uses various behaviors to protect itself. One of its primary defense mechanisms is its ability to shoot blood from its eyes as a deterrent to predators. This blood contains chemicals that are foul-tasting to predators and can cause irritation or even temporary blindness. Another behavior it employs is its ability to puff up its body and extend its spiky scales to appear larger and more intimidating, similar to how a porcupine uses its quills for defense.
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March these items:
1.Heat energy
2.mechanical energy
3.potential energy
4.light energy
5.kinetic energy
6.nuclear energy
please need this now.
A.light bulb
B.water turning turbine
C.stored
D.burning wood
E.active
F.within a atom
1 - D
2 - B
3 - C
4 - A
5 - E
6 - F
fr fr ;)
What structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain
Answer:
The corpus callosum.
Explanation:
The cerebellum structure consists of two halves. The right and the left. This is connected to the corpus callosum that contains a lot of nerves
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is the Corpus callosum.
What is the Corpus callosum?The corpus callosum is a large white matter tract that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. It allows us to perceive depth and enables the two sides of our brain to communicate.The main function of the corpus callosum is the communication between the two hemispheres, the different parts of the corpus callosum connect similar areas of each hemisphere.Hence, the structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is the Corpus callosum.
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A contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut is known as a/an
Answer:
Bronchospasm
Explanation:
Bronchospasm is known to be a condition that results from the contraction of the muscles that is found in the wall of the bronchioles which result into obstruction and narrowing of the respiratory airway. Thus, substance released from basophils or mast cell under the control of anaphylatoxin usually causes Bronchospasm. Furthermore, Bronchospasm is commonly caused by asthma and can also be caused by allergic reactions, respiratory infection, and chronic lung diseases.
Jordan spills water on the pavement. He notices that water transitions from a liquid state to a vaporous state after some time. Which process is this called?
Answer: Evaporation?
Explanation:
don't quote me on it but I think that is the process. But again I could be wrong
Water becoming vaporous (aka gas) is called evaporation.
Hope this helped!
Which scientific field do cognitive psychologists borrow concepts from in explaining how human process information and how the processes may break down?
Computer Science is the correct answer. Computers were relatively new in the early 1950s. As the field of computer science advanced, they learned how computers send, receive, process, store, and retrieve information. The founder of Cognitive Psychology was able to see that the human mind/brain works in much the same way.
Because flamingos spend most of their time in water, heat is easily lost through their legs and feet. Scientific studies have suggested that flamingos often stand on one leg while resting, keeping the other leg close to the body. Which factor does this behavior regulate?
Body temperature.
The body's at the right temperature.
Water is cold.
One foot in water will lose a lot of heat from the flamingo but if the other one is close to the body, it will stay warm.
This is a way to keep the temperature regulated and prevent bad functions or failure from colder temperatures.
Answer:
Body temperature
Explanation
edg.enuity answer
From the ninth week through birth, a developing baby is in the _____ period of prenatal development.
the baby is in the 2nd trimester...
The developing baby is in the fetal period of prenatal development from the ninth week through birth, marked by significant growth and organ development over approximately 30 weeks.
Explanation:From the ninth week through birth, a developing baby is in the fetal period of prenatal development. This stage includes the final stages of growth and differentiation for many of the body's organ systems.
During the fetal period, the organism is called a fetus, and this phase lasts roughly 30 weeks. It is a time marked by significant growth in length and weight of the fetus, and it concludes with a developed newborn capable of survival outside the womb.
How do organisms grow? A. Through anaerobic respiration B. Through growth of existing cells C. Through creation of new organ systems D. Through cell division and production
Answer:
(D). Through cell division and production.
Explanation:
Growth can be defined as increase in size, which is done by increasing the numbers of cells by multicellular organisms. It depends on division and differentiation of cells.
Cell division involves formation of two daughter cells from a single parent cell. So, by cell divisions, number of cells are increased that leads to growth of the organism.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D).
Final answer:
Organisms grow through cell division and production, with multicellular organisms increasing in size by continuously dividing cells. The process of aerobic cellular respiration, which breaks down glucose and oxygen to release energy, has been key to the growth and development of multicellular life on Earth. Decomposers also contribute to the recycling of nutrients, supporting the growth of other organisms.
Explanation:
Organisms grow through cell division and production. The twin characteristics of growth in living organisms are an increase in mass and an increase in the number of individuals (reproduction). In multicellular organisms, such as animals and plants, growth occurs through the process of cell division, which can take place continually or up to a certain age, depending on the organism. This is different from anaerobic respiration, which is a process of producing energy without oxygen that some microorganisms utilize. Aerobic cellular respiration involves breaking down glucose and oxygen to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
The energy produced by aerobic respiration is significant as it has allowed organisms to become multicellular and increase in size. Plants contribute to this process through photosynthesis, which produces the oxygen and glucose necessary for cellular respiration in other organisms. Decomposers like bacteria and fungi also play a role in recycling organic material, contributing to the cycling of nutrients and energy within ecosystems.
Osmosis is often viewed incorrectly as a process driven directly by differences in solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. What really drives osmosis?
The difference in water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
Osmosis is driven by the difference in water potential across a selectively permeable membrane. The movement of water also depends on the pressure potential and the concentration of solute inside and outside of the cell.
Explanation:Osmosis is primarily driven by the difference in water potential, not the difference in solute concentration, across a selectively permeable membrane. Water potential is the potential energy of water in a system compared to pure water, which allows movement across a cell membrane. This movement also depends on the pressure potential, and the concentration of solute in both the extracellular and intracellular space. Maximizing water potential causes water to flow from regions of high water potential (low solute concentration) to areas of low water potential (high solute concentration), until equilibrium is reached.
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Which cell organelle is the site of cellular respiration
Answer:
Mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration.
The mitochondrion is the cell organelle where cellular respiration occurs, producing ATP, the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule, by utilizing glucose and oxygen, and releasing carbon dioxide as a waste product.
Explanation:The organelle that is the site of cellular respiration is the mitochondrion (mitochondria, plural). Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse or energy factories of both plant and animal cells. They are responsible for the creation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy-carrying molecule for the cell. ATP stores the cell's short-term energy, which is used in various cellular processes. During cellular respiration, glucose and other nutrients are metabolized to produce ATP while using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide as a byproduct. Therefore, each exhaled breath contains carbon dioxide generated from these cellular reactions in the mitochondria, indicating their essential role in energy production and respiration.
Mitochondria are oval-shaped, double-membrane organelles that have their own DNA and ribosomes, reflective of their prokaryotic ancestry, supported by the endosymbiotic theory. Their inner membrane folds, known as cristae, and the mitochondrial matrix play distinct roles in cellular respiration, including the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain.