Answer:
d. They are often keystone species
Explanation:
Top predators in an environment are the largest predators and sits on the top (apex) of the food chain in an ecosystem which do not have any natural predators.
As the top predators relative to its abundance has disproportionately large effect on its natural environment, they are the keystone species most of the time.
Hence option d. They are often keystone species is the right option.
Predators are often keystone species. Therefore, the correct option is D.
The highest trophic level in an ecosystem is occupied by apex predators, also known as apex predators. They differ from other species in that they have few or no natural predators. Keystone species are those that, with respect to their abundance, have the greatest impact on their ecosystem. Because of the potential ripple effects their existence and actions can have on entire ecosystems, apex predators often serve as flagship species. Their eradication could severely alter the population dynamics of other species and upset the balance of entire food webs.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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Summarize the importance of comparing wild type and mutant fruit flies in genetic research
Answer:
It is important because when you compare the two, it gives the opportunity to know the reasoning behind factors that cause certain traits. In addition, wild-type mutants are used as a control in genetic research experiments.
Explanation:
Wild type shows phenotype characteristic of all members in the population where mutant show variation among the same population.The importance of studying wild type and mutant individuals in genetics gives us a facility to study difference in phenotypic expressions and difference in genotypes in fruit flies. It also helps us to study the mutation or variation in individuals and the reasons behind them.
DNA damage can lead to mutations, which are permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence of a cell's DNA if they are not corrected. These mutations ____.
Answer:
can cause cancer.
Explanation:
The DNA damage is mostly repaired by the repair mechanisms present in cells. If DNA damage is not repaired, it can cause a random change in the genetic material of the organism. These changes in the DNA are permanent and are called mutations. Mutations may be adaptive or harmful. Mutations in a protooncogene leading to overproduction of protein to allow uncontrolled cell division can cause cancer. Similarly, a loss of function in tumor suppressor genes also causes cancer.
Expected prevalence of a disease is:______.
a) the expected occurrence of a disease based on past observations
b) the total number of cases of a disease over a period of time
c) the anticipated geographical spread of a disease based on past observances
d) the number of new cases of a disease over a period of time
Explanation:
The occurrence of new instances of ailment or injury in a populace over a predefined timeframe. Albeit a few disease transmission specialists use occurrence to mean the number of new cases in a network, others use frequency to mean the number of new cases per unit of population. The measure of a specific disease that is typically present in a network is alluded to as the pattern or endemic degree of the sickness. This level isn't really the ideal level, which may in truth be zero, but instead is the watched level. Without intercession and accepting that the level isn't sufficiently high to drain the pool of powerless people, the sickness may keep on happening at this level inconclusively. Along these lines, the gauge level is regularly viewed as the normal degree of the disease. While a few infections are so uncommon in a given populace that a solitary case warrants an epidemiologic examination (e.g., rabies, plague, polio), different sicknesses happen all the more usually with the goal that lone deviations from the standard warrant examination. Sporadic alludes to a sickness that happens rarely and irregularlyHence, the right answer is option a "the expected occurance of a disease based on past observations"
In photosynthesis, plants use carbon from __________ to make sugar and other organic molecules. ANSWER Unselected water Unselected chlorophyll Unselected the sun Unselected carbon dioxide Unselected soil
Answer: carbon dioxide
Explanation:
Green plants generate their food (usually sugar molecules such as glucose) from simple inorganic molecules like atmospheric carbon dioxide producing the carbon atoms, and water in the presence of sunlight trapped by chlorophyll present in the leaves while giving off oxygen as by-product.
6CO2 + 6H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2
The equation provided above shows that carbon dioxide (CO2) provide the carbon skeleton of the glucose sugar (C6H12O6) produced during photosynthesis
Which group of macromolecules is used for storing genetic information?
Answer: Nucleus Acids
Explanation: Nucleic Acids hold and store DNA (think Nucleic/Nucleus)
The nitrogen base pictured is adenine. Is this nucleotide considered a purine or a pyrimidine? There is a molecule, a base of which is formed by 2 fused rings, each of which contains 2 nitrogen atoms in their structure. One ring is five-membered while the other is a six-membered ring. The nitrogen base pictured is adenine. Is this nucleotide considered a purine or a pyrimidine? a. purine b. pyrimidine
Answer: Purine
Explanation:
A purine is a nitrogenous base found in nucleic acids, and contains a 6-membered pyrimidine ring fused to the 5-membered imidazole ring. The most common examples of purine bases are adenine and guanine.
Thus, the nitrogen base pictured is adenine, and the nucleotide considered is a purine
Adenine is a nitrogen base that is classified as a. purine due to its double ring structure, setting it apart from pyrimidines which have a single ring.
The nitrogen base adenine is pictured as part of a nucleotide and is classified as a. purine. Purines are characterized by their double ring structure, consisting of a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring, both of which contain nitrogen atoms. In contrast to purines, pyrimidines have a single six-membered ring structure containing nitrogen atoms. The major purines in nucleic acids are adenine and guanine, while the major pyrimidines are cytosine, thymine (found only in DNA), and uracil (found only in RNA).
Blood vessel walls contain elastin, a protein that allows the vessel to stretch under high pressure. Which type of blood vessel do you expect will have the highest concentration of elastin in its walls?
Awnser:
Arteries
Explanation:
Arteries have a higher amount of elastin than veins. Thus, veins have a higher ratio of collagen to elastin thsn do arteries
When molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move from where they are to where they are . Diffusion across a biological membrane is called .
Answer:
they move from where they are more to where they are less.
Diffusion across a biological membrane is called passive diffusion.
Explanation:
When any molecules move across the cell membrane down their concentration gradient so they move from the area where their concentration is more to the area where their concentration is less and this process is called diffusion.
Diffusion across a cell membrane or biological membrane is called passive transport because no energy is needed to transport the molecules across the membrane as diffusion occurs along the concentration gradient.
Molecules moving down their concentration gradient go from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. This process is also known as passive transport when it occurs across a biological membrane.
Explanation:When molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move from an area of high concentration, where they are more plentiful, to an area of low concentration, where they are less plentiful. This natural process is driven by the principle that molecules always seek to even out concentrations and achieve equilibrium. The process of diffusion across a specific biological membrane is referred to as passive transport, and it does not require any additional energy because it happens organically when there is a concentration gradient.
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Drag each tile to the correct box. Nina studies an artificial heart model. The model has tubes that supply an electric current to the model. Nina switches on the current that provides an impulse to the heart. She observes that the heart contracts and relaxes. Compare this model with that of a human heart, and place the steps describing how blood flows through the human heart in order.
Answer:
The correct order is:
Electrical signal travels toward the heart .Signal received by the nodes in the atrium .The atria contract .Signal received by the atrioventricular node.Signal transferred to the ventricles .The ventricles contract .Explanation:
The steps are:
Signal transferred to the ventricles .The atria contract .Electrical signal travels toward the heart .The ventricles contract .Signal received by the nodes in the atrium .Signal received by the atrioventricular node.The question refers to the heart's physiological electrical conduction mechanism, which goes from the atrial node to the atrioventricular node, passes to the bundle of His and its branches, and then extends through the Purkinje fiber system, all so that coordinated events occur that allow blood flow within this organ.
The correct order of steps, linked to the activity of the heart and blood flow are:
Electrical signal travels towards the heart: the autonomic nervous system conducts the nerve impulse to the heart. Signal received by the nodes in the atrium: the atrial node, a structure that is located on the right atrium, receives the nerve impulse and is responsible for transmitting it to the ventricular atrial node. The atria contract: the contraction of this structure drives the blood to the ventricles, promoting the simultaneous opening of the atrioventricular valves. Signal received by the atrioventricular node: a node located in the interventricular septum is responsible for the distribution of the impulse to the His-Purkinje system. Signal transferred to the ventricles: the nerve signal passes to the His bundle, its branches and then the Purkinje fibers found in both ventricles. The ventricles contract: ventricular contraction promotes the emptying of your cavities, passing blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, and from the left ventricle to the general circulation. At this time the atrioventricular valves are closed and the sigmoid valves are opened, to allow anterograde blood flow.Learn more:
Movement of oxygenated blood leaving the heart https://brainly.com/question/2375870
Answer:
1. electrical signal travels toward the heart
2. signal by the nodes in the atrium
3. the atria contract
4. signal received by the atrioventricular node
5. signal transferred to the ventricles
6. the ventricles contract
Explanation:
Professor Assad suggested that a cautious attitude toward sexual encounters has proven to be more reproductively advantageous to women than to men because the birth process is more time-consuming for women than for men. This suggestion best illustrates the logic of a(n) ________ theory of sexual behavior.
Answer:
evolutionary theory of sexual behavior.
Explanation:
A man with a homozygous dominant WW produces a zygote with a woman with a heterozygous dominant Ww for the trait. Which allele combinations could occur in the zygote?
Answer:
Their are only two possibilities either the WW or Ww combination could occur.
Explanation:
As the man is homozygous for the trait thus it would produce the type of gametes which are all samiler means having the trait of only dominant charecter the gametes will be all samiler having the genotype of W. Women have different genotype with gametes of W and w so when during zygote formation the W combine with w so the zygote have genetic make up of Ww if the gamete having W genotype combine with W so the genetype would be WW.
Acid-fast organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis resist decolorization by an acid-alcohol wash because of the high concentration of __________ in their cell walls.
Answer:
Acid -fast organisms resist decolonization by an acid alcohol wash because of high concentration of lipid in their cell wall.
Explanation:
Acid fast organisms contain a wax like impermeable cell wall which contain mycolic acid and large amount of fatty acid,waxes and complex lipid.Acid fast organisms are highly resistant to disinfectants and dry condition Mycobacteria possess thick waxy cell wall rich in mycolic acid. This makes it difficult to be stained using Gram's techniques. But with the use of carbon fuschen,the cell wall can be stained using acid-fast technique.
Acid-fast organisms resist decolorization by an acid-alcohol wash due to the high concentration of mycolic acids in their cell walls. These long chain, branched fatty acids contribute to the complexity and waxy nature of the cell wall.
Explanation:Acid-fast organisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis resist the effects of acid-alcohol wash due to their high concentration of mycolic acid in their cell walls. These mycolic acids are long chain, branched fatty acids which contribute to the cell wall's complexity and waxy nature. As a result, acid-fast organisms are resistant to decolorization and even some sterilization and disinfection procedures, making them more challenging to treat.
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Whereas diffusion is more important for solute exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid, bulk flow is more important for regulation of the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid.1. True2. False
Answer:
The correct answer is - option 1. true.
Explanation:
Diffusion is the process where the solute moves from higher concentration area to the low concentration area. The major example of the diffusion is in the solute exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid. Blood plasma contains water, waste contents, ions, and various nutrients. It can be transported to the interstitial fluid from blood plasma in capillaries and back.
Bulk flow is the simple protein or any other large molecule transport or movement from the blood to interstitial fluid or interstitial to blood. this is essential for regulation of the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid.
Thus, the correct answer is - option 1.
Thrombin catalyzes the activation of these molecules present in plasma. 2. : Makes up most of plasma protein. 3. : The major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure. 4. : Forms the structural framework of a blood clot.
Answer:
1. when there is a cut, the surface area of the skin becomes rough which activates the Thrombin, that catalyzes the activation of fibrinogen present in plasma.
2. albumin contributes mostly of making plasma protein
3. albumin contributes the major portion to the osmotic pressure of plasma.
4. fibrinogen mainly forms the structural framework of a blood clot during blood coagulation.
1) Fibrinogen is the correct answer. 2) Albumin is the correct answer. 3) Albumin is the correct answer. 4) Fibrin is the correct answer.
1) Fibrinogen: Thrombin catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which is a key step in the formation of blood clots.
2) Albumin: Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, comprising approximately 60% of the total protein in plasma. It plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting various substances, such as hormones, fatty acids, and drugs.
3) Albumin (specifically) and other plasma proteins collectively contribute to plasma osmotic pressure, which helps regulate the distribution of fluids between the bloodstream and tissues.
4) Fibrin: Fibrin forms the structural framework of a blood clot. When thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin, the fibrin molecules polymerize and create a mesh-like network that traps blood cells and platelets, forming a stable clot.
Therefore,
1) Fibrinogen: Thrombin catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
2) Albumin: Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein.
3) Albumin (specifically) and other plasma proteins collectively contribute to plasma osmotic pressure.
4) Fibrin: Fibrin forms the structural framework of a blood clot.
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FSH, LH, and TSH all have a similar structure and are found in vertebrates and invertebrates alike. Therefore, they can be defined as _____
a. synonymous
b. adverse
c. identical
d. analogous
e. homologous
Answer:
FSH, LH, and TSH all have a similar structure and are found in vertebrates and invertebrates alike. Therefore, they can be defined as HOMOLOGOUS
Explanation:
FSH, LH, and TSH are homologous because of similarities in their structure which are found across both vertebrate and invertebrate
Compare the three metabolic pathways the body uses to generate ATP, including site of production, ATP yield, duration, oxygen or substrate requirement, and corresponding optimal form(s) of exercise.
Final answer:
The body uses three pathways to generate ATP: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. Glycolysis is used during anaerobic exercise, while pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle are used during aerobic exercise.
Explanation:
There are three metabolic pathways the body uses to generate ATP: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and generates a small amount of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. It does not require oxygen and can be used during anaerobic exercise.
Pyruvate oxidation occurs in the mitochondria and generates some ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. It requires oxygen and is used during moderate exercise.
The citric acid cycle also occurs in the mitochondria and generates a small amount of ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. It requires oxygen and is used during long-duration exercise.
The three metabolic pathways for ATP production are aerobic glycolysis, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Aerobic glycolysis primarily occurs in the mitochondria and yields 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. It requires oxygen and substrates like glucose or fats, making it optimal for endurance exercises.
Anaerobic glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm, producing 2 ATP molecules per glucose without oxygen but with limited duration, suitable for high-intensity activities like sprinting.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria, generating 30-32 ATP molecules per glucose using oxygen and substrates, making it ideal for sustained, moderate-intensity exercises like jogging or cycling.
The water carrier's principal competitor for the movement of grain, coal, and ores is which mode of transportation? a. pipelines b. Canadian and foreign owned water carriers c. railroads d. motor carriers
Answer:
c. railroads
Explanation:
A water carrier carries both people and goods using waterways or sea routes. One of the main competitor for the movement of grain, coal and ores that are bulk products are the railroads.The competitor exists because majority of the places where it is possible to reach by waterways are also accessible via railroads.For example, the grains can be moved from midwest to New Orleans by both means. Similarly, coal can also be transported by both ways, some of the states where coal is produced and transported by this route is West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Kentucky.Grapes grow well in areas where the climate is generally mild. Would you recommend planting grapes on the California coast or on the plains of North Dakota? Explain your answer.
Answer:
California coast is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Planting of grapes are recommended on California coast instead of plains of North Dakota because of the following reason:
Large water bodies on the California coast can moderate the local weather whereas plains are not able to stop the flow of wind that results in severe climate.The climate of California is warm and dry that is ideal for planting grapes.To help Jacob overcome his smoking habit, a therapist puts him in a room with a carton of cigarettes laced with a chemical to induce nausea. He displays images of the dangers of smoking both on the walls and on a television set. This approach to treatment BEST illustrates:
Answer:
Conditioning by aversion
Explanation:
This is also called aversive conditioning. This type of conditioning tells the person or animal that the behaviour that they are exhibiting has no rewards and will also cause them pain. In this example every time Jacob takes a smoke he will get sick due to the additive. In the future he will associate the smoking with getting sick and will no longer want to participate in that behaviour.
What is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle?
Answer:they possess notochord,dorsal tubular nerve cord , pharyngeal pouches
Explanation:chordates are animals which possess the notochord.examples are humans,birds,fishes etc
At a time in the life cycle,a chordates possesses a stiff,dorsal rod which is supporting in nature (the notochord).
They also possesses a tail that extends from behind the anus.
They possess a hollow nerve cord.
They possess gills slit.
These characteristics are present developing embryo and may disappear as the embryo matures.
In humans,the notochord is replaced by the spinal column of the vertebrate.
In the production of ATP in photosynthesis, energy from electron flow is used to transport ________ from the ________ to the thylakoid compartment, generating a concentration gradient of ________.
Answer:
H+; stroma; H+Explanation:
ATP is produced in the process of photosynthesis occurs in plants and many other organisms. Electron are transported by electron transport chain and there is the generation of concentration gradient of H+.
This gradient causes the activation of ATPase pump which causes the production of ATP by using this gradient.
In the production of ATP in photosynthesis, energy from electron flow is used to transport H+ from the stroma to the thylakoid compartment, generating a concentration gradient of H+.
The targets for anti-fungal drugs are much more limited than antibiotics or anti-viral medications. Why?
Answer:The reason for this is because fungi and their host are eukaryotic and in treatment of fungal infections drug used can also affect their host.
Explanation:
Antifungal drugs are drugs used in the treatment of fungal infections and so are antibiotics and antiviral drugs used to treat bacterial infections and viral infections respectively.
Fungi and their host are both eukaryotic and this make them closely related. They attack by colonizing and destroying the tissues of the animal host. When treating infections caused by fungi, the compounds used to kill fungi also harm the animal host because of the eukaryotic property they both possessed, this therefore set limitations to antifungal drugs. Unlike fungi, bacteria attack prokaryotic cell and also bacterial infections are systematic not superficial or topical like fungal infections.
If you were called away during the electrophoresis procedure and were not able to monitor your electrophoresis run, what do you think would happen if the electricity were to remain running in your absence
Answer:
During the process of gel electrophoresis, the DNA separates on the basis of charge to mass ration and forms bands as it moves towards the positive end of the gel.
If the electricity is kept running for too long, then the DNA will continue to run in the positive direction and might exit the far end of the gel. As a result, there will be no band formation due to which the experiment will become incorrect.
Leaving an electrophoresis run unattended could result in an overheated gel, damaged DNA fragments, evaporated buffer solution, and potential risk of fire or equipment damage due to prolonged unsupervised operation.
Explanation:If an electrophoresis procedure was left running unattended with the electricity on, several outcomes could occur. The most immediate risk is that the gel could overheat and possibly melt or distort, depending on the duration and intensity of the current. This overheating could damage the DNA fragments in the gel, making them difficult or impossible to analyze. Furthermore, if left running for too long, the buffer solution within the electrophoresis chamber could evaporate, leading to an increased risk of fire as well as compromised results due to the altered conductivity of the buffer. Eventually, the power source or electrophoresis apparatus could be damaged due to continuous operation without supervision.
In an environment that is very stable, with reliable moisture and temperature, what type of reproduction would be most advantageous for a plant and why
Explanation:
Sexual propagation accommodates assortment and new mixes of qualities. Particularly if the earth is changing, this is a bit of leeway for the living being. Sexual multiplication implies that hereditary material from two guardians is joined with the goal that the posterity are typically not the same as either parent. Fragmentation is a type of asexual reproduction where a piece of the parent severs and forms into an altogether new yet hereditarily indistinguishable individual.Most life forms recover probably some harmed body parts, however this recovery isn't identified with fracture multiplication. This implies the parent plant will contend with an extraordinary number of posterity for similar supplements, daylight, and space.Mike is a 58-year-old mechanic who has worked in the same garage for most of his adult life. Although he is still quite strong for his age and doesn’t have too many aches or pains yet, he has gained 30 pounds during the last few years, since his divorce. His ex-wife was a good cook who made dinner at home, but now that’s he’s single, Mike eats at the corner diner most nights and mainly snacks on potato chips. At 5 feet, 11 inches, Mike now weighs 250 pounds and has gone from a 34-inch to a 38-inch waist in less than two years. Mike has an appointment with his family doctor for the first time in four years and is worried about what he might be told, so he decided to find out what he can in advance.
1. Mike already knows that fats are important and necessary to absorb other nutrients, such as vitamins. What four vitamins are considered fat-soluble vitamins and need dietary fat to be absorbed? a. vitamins C, D, E, and K
b. vitamins B3, C, D, and E
c. vitamins A, D, E, and K
d. vitamins A, B1, B6, and E
e. vitamins B2, B12, D, and K
Explanation:
Fat-solvent vitamins are put away in the body's greasy tissue. The four fat-dissolvable vitamins are vitamins A, D, E, and K. These vitamins are ingested all the more effectively by the body within the sight of dietary fat. Vitamin A helps frame and keep up solid teeth, bones, delicate tissue, mucous films, and skin. Vitamin D is otherwise called the "daylight vitamin," since it is made by the body subsequent to being in the sun. Ten to 15 minutes of daylight 3 times each week is sufficient to deliver the body's prerequisite of vitamin D for a great many people all things considered scopes. Vitamin E is a cancer prevention agent otherwise called tocopherol. It enables the body to frame red platelets and use vitamin K. Vitamin K is required in light of the fact that without it, blood would not stay together (coagulate). A few investigations propose that it is significant for bone.Hence, the right answer is option c "vitamin A,D,E and K"What role do primary somatosensory and primary motor areas of the cortex play in maintaining our perceptions of equilibrium and the execution of complex, coordinated movements?
Explanation:
Maintaining representation of body position and direction in space Posture is the arrangement of body parts in relationship to each other at some random minute. Stance includes complex associations between bones, joints, connective tissue, skeletal muscles, and the sensory system, both focal and fringe. The multifaceted nature of these collaborations is aggravated when one thinks about the close to a little assortment of human parity, engine control and development according to gravityBesides, with the progression of time, every creature experiences change coming about because of microtrauma, straight to the point wounds and the impacts of malady on the neuro musculo skeletal system which bring about the normal and one of a kind varieties of maturing stanceLymphatic vessels begin in peripheral tissues and ultimately drain into
Answer:
The right and left subclavian vein.
Explanation:
It is known that lymphatic vessels flushes the tissues, collecting waste products, bacteria, and damaged cells, and then drains as lymph into "left and right subclavian vein".
Lymphatic vessels begin in peripheral tissues and ultimately drain into the lymph nodes.
What are lymphatic vessels ?The lymphatic system is a network of vessels that transports lymph, a clear fluid that contains white blood cells. Lymphatic vessels are found throughout the body, and they transport lymph from the tissues back to the bloodstream.
Lymphatic vessels begin as lymph capillaries in the tissues. Lymph capillaries are very small, and they have very thin walls. This allows lymph to flow easily into the capillaries.
Once lymph enters the lymphatic capillaries, it flows through a network of larger lymphatic vessels. These vessels eventually drain into lymph nodes.
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many densely-packed cells without an extracellular matrix. B. a supporting material such as chondroitin sulfate. C. an epithelial origin. D. relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix. E. the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses.
The complete question is :
Connective tissues have
a. manly densely-packed cells without an extracellular matrix
b. a supporting material such as chondroitin sulfate
c. an epithelial origin
d. relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix
e. the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The connective tissue has relatively few cells number of cells dissolved in the matrix or extracellular matrix.
Connective tissue are made of matrix which consists of living things and non livings as well. The ground substance is made up of protein and water.
The matrix of the cell gives it density and if the cells is more in number then the matrix is less and if the matrix is more then the cells are less in number.
The question refers to different types of tissues in biology: epithelial tissues (densely-packed cells, minimal extracellular matrix, epithelial origin), connective tissues (few cells, large amount of extracellular matrix, contains chondroitin sulfate), and neurons (ability to transmit electrochemical impulses).
Explanation:The question seems to refer to defining characteristics related to different types of tissues, particularly in the field of Biology. Options A and D might refer to epithelial and connective tissues, respectively. Epithelial tissues are composed of cells closely packed with minimal extracellular matrix, whereas connective tissues have relatively few cells surrounded by a generous amount of extracellular matrix. Option B could be describing components of connective tissue - chondroitin sulfate, a type of glycosaminoglycan found in cartilage. Option C, implying an epithelial origin, could refer to specialized cells like neurons, which have the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses (option E).
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Why are sponges considered to be an evolutionary dead end
Answer:Sponges are often considered an evolutionary dead end because they are so specialized in pumping water through their bodies that it is considered impossible to be modified into anything else. Although sessile, sponges can change their shape and grow towards water rich food.
Explanation: please give brainliest!
Sponges are considered an evolutionary dead end due to their lack of specialized cell types for more complex bodies and reliance on diffusion and osmosis, leading to a simple cellular structure that has remained largely unchanged over time.
Why Sponges Are Considered an Evolutionary Dead End:
Sponges, belonging to the phylum Porifera, are often considered an evolutionary dead end because they lack the specialized cell types necessary for developing more complex body plans. Sponges rely on diffusion and osmosis for physiological processes such as gas exchange, circulation, and excretion, which necessitates a design that increases their surface area to volume ratio. This is one reason why sponges have maintained a relatively simple body structure over hundreds of millions of years without evolving into more complex organisms.
Moreover, sponges embody a cell-level organization, as opposed to the tissue-level organization found in most other animals. Each sponge cell performs specific jobs, which limits their collective ability to form more complex systems and organs that could conduct sophisticated functions. Therefore, while sponges are successful organisms adapted to their niches, their simple cellular architecture has prevented them from evolving into more advanced forms, making them appear as an evolutionary dead end in the lineage of multicellular animals.
It is worth noting, however, that sponges still exhibit a variety of feeding strategies. Most are filter-feeders, but some host photosynthesizing micro-organisms as endosymbionts, and there are even species of carnivorous sponges that prey on small crustaceans.
Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the
Answer:
the lymph vessels bring lymph fluid toward the heart and above it to the subclavian veins, which enable lymph fluid to re-enter the circulatory system through the vena cava.
Explanation: