Which of the following is characteristic of people from cultures with low humane orientation?
a. They express greetings, welcome, concern and appreciation in most interactions. b. They are sensitive to all forms of unfairness c. They smile and display other nonverbal signs of welcome. d. They prioritize pleasure and self enjoyment over kindness and generosity.

The correct answer is B. Symbolic interactionism

Explanation:

In societies, religion plays an important role and because of this, in sociology there are different perspectives that aim at explaining the role of religion, this includes the Functionalist perspective that explains religion is necessary for social stability; the Conflict theory that states religion and religious institutions create inequality that leads to conflict and the symbolic interactionism in which the importance of religion relies on the impact it has on each individual especially in terms of symbols and interaction that affect the perception of religion and its impact on well-being in each individual. Therefore, the theoretical perspective that would approach religion from a micro-level and study the impact of it in an individual's sense of support and well-being is the Symbolic interactionism.

Symbolic interactionism is the main theoretical perspective that would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's support and well-being.

The main theoretical perspective that would approach religion from the micro-level is Symbolic interactionism. Symbolic interactionism focuses on how individuals interpret and create meaning in their interactions with others. In the study of religion, symbolic interactionism would examine how religious symbols, rituals, and interactions shape an individual's sense of support and well-being.

For example, a symbolic interactionist might study how participating in religious ceremonies and engaging in religious conversations with others in their community influences an individual's perception of their social support network and their overall well-being.

While functionalism, conflict theory, and feminism can also offer insights into the study of religion, they tend to focus more on macro-level societal structures and power dynamics, rather than individual experiences and interpretations.

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Answer:

ranks society members into categories

Explanation:

The system known as social stratification reflects society ranks, categorizing people according to hierarchy. Traditionally the purchasing power is the main factor leading to this. As some groups have status, power over the rest. These lead to social strafication. An other factors can be included as geographical, cultural factors, but, stratification is often defined in upper, middle and low class.

The social classes often turn to conflict as they  clash in the marxist theories.

However not all the time in history the classes were counscious , and thus, the relationships between them were perceibe differntly.

Other ways for this to occur happen to relate to religion: the case of India.

The ancient world saw this : as slaves and citizens in the Roman states.

All of the following are characteristics of global cities, except host influential philosophers.

The correct answer is D. Earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

Explanation:

The word "meritocracy" refers to a system used in politics and other fields including jobs in which those individuals that are talented, performed better than others or achieve certain goals are provided with economical benefits or more power. This system differs from others as the key factor is the performance of the individual rather than his education or experience. Therefore, under meritocracy, a physician's assistant would earn a pay raise for doing an excellent job as in meritocracy those that perform well are the ones that have benefits including payment raise.

In a meritocracy, a physician's assistant would likely earn a pay raise for excellent work, as meritocracies reward hard work and talent with recognition and better compensation.

Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would earn a pay raise for doing excellent work. Meritocracy is a system where individuals are rewarded for their abilities and effort, which means that within such a framework, hard work and talent are expected to be recognized and rewarded with better pay and advancement opportunities. It does not necessarily imply that all individuals in the same position would receive identical compensation, as personal achievements and contributions are factored into earnings and career progression.

The passage uses the Copernican Principle and astronomy to convey a philosophical message of humility. The earth is not the center of the universe, just as we are not the center of everything. It is not a fallacious argument or a misinterpretation, but rather a reminder of modesty grounded in the reality of our cosmological position.

The passage essentially uses astronomical concepts to encourage a more modest, less egocentric perspective. This reflects (a) a way of reminding people not to take themselves too seriously by using a cosmological argument for humility. It utilizes facts about the Copernican Principle and our understanding of the universe's vastness to imply that we should not consider ourselves the center of everything. The philosophical reflection is grounded on valid astronomical observations, not misleading or fallacious reasoning and does not misinterpret Copernicus's work.

Copernicus and Galileo's revolutionary ideas upended our conception of the cosmos, demonstrating that Earth and, consequently, humanity is not the center of the universe. These ideas became the cornerstone of our understanding of the astronomical universe and have ramifications on how we perceive our significance in the grand scheme of things.

Therefore, the passage draws upon these facts to suggest a broader life lesson; a reminder not to take ourselves too importantly, just as Earth is not pivotally important in the astronomical universe.

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a) The correct answer is a way of reminding people not to take themselves too seriously.

The passage uses the Copernican principle to illustrate that human beings and the Earth are not the central elements of the universe, and by extension, it suggests that individuals should not consider themselves as the center of everything. This is an application of a historical and scientific idea to impart a philosophical lesson about humility.

Copernicus' theory, backed by Galileo's telescope observations, overturned the Earth-centered Ptolemaic model and introduced the heliocentric model, fundamentally changing our view of the cosmos. Over time, further discoveries showed our galaxy's and even our solar system's lack of centrality, reinforcing the idea that there is nothing uniquely central about our position in the universe.

Answer:

Role conflict

Explanation:

Role conflict occurs when an individual experiencing a contradicting demand on different type of social roles that he/she has.

In the example above, the cop is experiencing a conflict based on his different roles as a law enforcement and as a friend.Eventually, he will eventually forced to sacrifice one role for the other, and will leave some sort of damage to his status in the role that he sacrificed.

Answer:

sleep terror; nightmare

Explanation:

Even though they have strong similarities (Dreams that are perceive as 'scary' or uncomfortable) there are some distinct differences between the two.

- Nightmare occurs during REM while sleep terror occurs between cycles.

- Between the two, sleep terror tend to be accompanied by physical response such as screaming or other violent movements.

- Nightmare tend to be remembered by the receiver for a long period of time, while sleep terror tend to be dissapear from the receiver's recollection when they woke up.

Based on their sleep patterns and reactions, it appears that Jeff experienced a night terror, while Franco experienced a nightmare. Night terrors happen during non-REM slow-wave sleep and are typically characterized by screaming and not being fully awake. Conversely, nightmares occur during REM sleep, often remembered vividly, and occur later in the sleep period.

Based on the description of the incidents, it appears that Jeff likely experienced a night terror, which is characterized by high heart rate and breathing, screaming, and the person appearing not fully awake. This disorder is more common during non-REM stage 3 sleep, also known as slow-wave sleep. On the other hand, Franco appears to have experienced a nightmare. Unlike night terrors, nightmares usually occur during the REM sleep phase, known for its high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Nightmares tend to strike in the later parts of the sleep period and are often remembered in detail.

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The correct answer is C. Goodness-of-fit

Explanation:

In psychology and culture, the concept "goodness-of-fit" refers to the compatibility or lack of compatibility between the values, expectations or features of an environment or culture and an individual personality or temperament. This also determines the adaptation of the individual to its context and affects the emotional aspects of an individual because if the individual behavior and traits differ from the one expected in his context rejection occurs. This concept is the one that explains the situation presented because in this each child is not compatible with its context and therefore does not fit but if they could change their context they would fit. Also, goodness-of-fit explains this situation because it shows in each environment there are values and behaviors and individuals can fit into them and adapt to their context or on the opposite experience rejection.

The concept of goodness-of-fit explains cultural differences in what is considered a 'difficult' child. It refers to the match between a child's temperament and cultural expectations. Therefore, option c, goodness-of-fit, is correct.

Complete Question:

Characteristics considered typical of a “difficult” child vary from one culture to another. For example, Nanta of the Masai tribe would consider a quiet and shy infant “difficult” to care for in her society. In Japan, Akiko considers her demanding, highly energetic son “difficult.” This cultural difference can best be explained by which of the following?

a. heritability

b. cultural character

c. goodness-of-fit

d. adaptability

The correct answer is D. All of the above

Explanation:

In society, there are multiple types of groups that influence our behavior, ideas, values among others and therefore, different types of groups should be used to determined certain behaviors and attitudes such as self-destructive behavior and low-self esteem this includes reference groups which are peer groups people use to measure themselves and therefore groups that directly influence the individual's behavior; but besides this, in-groups or the groups individuals belong to and out-groups or groups individuals do not belong to also influence behaviors and attitudes as individuals tend to modify their behavior and attitude to fit to in-groups and oppose or avoid belonging to out-groups. Considering this, in the case presented the parents need to look at all of the above (reference groups,in-groups, and out-groups).

its inherent ethnocentric bias

The correct answer is C. Its inherent ethnocentric bias

Explanation:

In the modernization theory proposed by sociologists such as Talcott Parsons, nations that are classified as underdeveloped can become develop or high-income nations if these grow industrially because this implies economic growth and changes in society. This means this theory states countries can progress if they follow a specific path.

The main issue with this is that it implies an ethnocentric bias because progress in this theory is only defined by the progress of big and developed nations most authors of the theory lived in. This is bias because nations might not need to grow industrially to improve their conditions or might not have the conditions to follow the path proposed for modernization.

The correct answer is B. Dependency theorist

Explanation:

The dependency theory is an economical and social theory that was developed during the 1960s and 1970s to explain the economic situation of underdeveloped nations. According to this theory global economy is controlled by certain wealthy states that use undeveloped nation, its resources and different economic strategies such as tariffs and interest rates  to keep economy of developed or high-income nations which implies high-income nations benefit and low-income  or undeveloped nations cannot progress and its economy depends on those nations that control the global economy. Therefore, if a sociologist states core nations control the global economy and use different strategies that favor high-income nations over low-income nations he is a dependency theorist as it is in dependency theory high-income nations dominate the economy and benefit from low-income nations.

Answer:

In general, children in high-conflict households benefit from divorce.

Explanation:

Although divorce has recieved a lot of critics arguing the negative effects of a child being raised in a single parent household and experiencing the separation of his parents; the negative effects of living in high-conflict households are gaining stronger scientific evidence.

Characteristics of a high-conflict household, such as physical or emotional abuse, have proven to create an insecure emotional environment for the children that has severe effects in their sense of security and stability, that influence their future lives and the relationships they establish later on.

Children in high-conflict households benefit from divorce, while children in lower-conflict households are more negatively impacted by the stress of divorce. Stepfamilies also tend to have a high level of interpersonal conflict.

Research suggests that children in high-conflict households benefit from divorce.

Divorce and remarriage can be stressful for children, as they may feel confused and frightened by the threats to their family security. However, long-term studies have shown that only in high-conflict homes do children benefit from divorce and the subsequent decrease in conflict. Children from lower-conflict homes are more negatively impacted by the stress of the divorce than the stress of unhappiness in the marriage.

Additionally, studies suggest that stress levels for children are not improved when a child acquires a stepfamily through marriage. Stepfamilies typically have a high level of interpersonal conflict.

The correct answer is B. Stereotyping

Explanation:

Speedy Gonzalez is an animated cartoon that belongs to Warner Brothers Looney and that represents a Mexican mouse. Indeed, Speedy Gonzalez uses a big yellow Mexican hat, speaks with a Mexican accent and in general terms portrays in an exaggerated way some of the traits of the Mexican culture. Because of this, Speedy Gonzalez is often classified as an example of stereotyping because this animated character presents beliefs about the Mexicans which are biased or do not represent the real essence of Mexican culture and in some cases those ideas and behavior of Speedy Gonzalez were even degrading to the Mexican culture, which also led to prejudices. Therefore, Speedy Gonzalez is mainly an example of stereotypes as he represents stereotypes or incorrect ideas people have about Mexicans.

Answer:

Learning foreign languages is an easy task for her.

Explanation:

Aptitude is defined as quickness to learn something. A natural aptitude for learning a foreign language means that a person has an inborn talent to acquire a language fast. It may mean that the person learns new vocabulary very quickly, remembers new words for ever and does not have difficulties with learning new grammar. It can also be a gift to be able to pronounce foreign words correctly, even without an accent, or learn a foreign language from hearing only.

Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms.

The functionalist and conflict perspectives share the position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms. Option A is correct.

Social norms are defined as the group-wide standards of acceptable behavior. Social norms may be both informal understandings that guide the conduct of society members and formalized into regulations and laws.

Religion, according to the functionalist and conflict perspectives, is related to social control, enforcing social norms. The religion is a conservative force that serves a constructive role for society and people. It contributes to the formation of social order and the maintenance of value consensus.

Therefore, option A is correct.

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Answer:

B. maximum levels of pollution that factories may emit

Explanation:

Command and control policy refers to a type of policy that create some sort of limitation to a certain action in order to avoid negative consequences on national level.

Creating maximum levels of pollution WILL LIMIT the amount of waste that the companies could produce and force them to actually make effort to manage their waste and protect the environment.

Final answer:

The command-and-control policy example among the options is b. maximum levels of pollution that factories may emit, which involves setting specific limits for pollution emissions and mandates on pollution-control technologies.

Explanation:

Of the options given, b. maximum levels of pollution that factories may emit is an example of a command-and-control policy. These types of policies set specific limits for pollution emissions and require specific pollution-control technologies to be used by firms. They are designed to protect the environment by directly regulating the amount and type of pollution that is allowed.

Command-and-control approaches to pollution specify how much pollution a particular polluter can emit, or particular pollution-abatement technologies firms must adopt. For example, regulations around Nitrous Oxide (NOx) emissions prescribe how much NOx vehicles can emit. This direct regulatory approach is a form of command-and-control policy.

Other examples of command-and-control regulation include laws that require the installation of certain equipment on automobile tailpipes or on smokestacks to reduce pollution, and government requirements like those for auto companies to improve car emissions by a certain date.

Answer:

B. Reaction force

Explanation:

Reaction force is a team that consist of a group of people who are assigned to deal with unexpected situation in a certain area.

Since the problem that appear  in the area of incident tend to be unknown, this team deal with a lot of uncertainty during the planning part of their operation. Because of this, it is important for the team to take a lot of members with different variety of skill sets in order to be able to handle unique types of incidents on a short period of time.

The correct answer is A. Interact

Explanation:

Sociology is the disciple or study of society including the structures of it, the interaction, the culture and in general terms all the elements that relate to it. Because of this one of the most important concept for sociologies is "society" about this they define "society" as a group of people or individuals that commonly share the same territory or live in a certain area but also share cultural features and are involved constantly in social interaction, as it is this interaction the one that creates social relationships and that made possible cultural and interactional elements in society. This means, for a group of people to be part of a society they need to live in the same are and interact. Therefore, a sociologist defines society as a group of people who reside in a defined are share culture, but also those who interact.

Final answer:

A sociologist defines a society as a group of people who reside in a defined area, share a culture, and who: interact. This is the correct option that completes the definition of a society in sociological terms.

Explanation:

In sociological studies, a society is more than just a group of individuals who live close to one another. It encompasses those who are linked by common territorial boundaries and who share cultural elements, such as language, dress, norms of behavior, and artistic forms. This shared culture is essential to the coherence and function of society. Interaction among members is a fundamental aspect, as it enables the continued shared understanding of their culture and the coordination of their actions. Therefore, working in the same industry or speaking different languages, while they could be aspects of a society, are not defining characteristics. A society is built upon the interactions between people who critically share a common culture. Key examples include the systemic coordination of efforts, adhering to societal norms, and functioning within a common political structure.

Answer:

Functionalism

Final answer:

The advantage of using interviews in Hochschild's research was that it enabled her to construct detailed portraits of couples' domestic lives, through direct quotations and nuanced understanding of experiences. The correct answer is B.

Explanation:

The advantages that came from Arlie Hochschild's decision to use interviews as a research method in her study 'The Second Shift' include the ability to gather direct quotations, construct an intimate portrait of married couples, and capture the nuances of their experiences. Among the options provided, the correct answer is B. It allowed her to gather direct quotations and construct an intimate portrait of married couples. Interviews provided a detailed understanding of how couples perceived and divided their domestic labor, and enabled Hochschild to explore the complexities and discrepancies between couples' reports and their actual practices. However, it is important to note that the use of interviews does not ensure that respondents are always honest and forthcoming (A), does not necessarily include a large group of participants (C), and does not create control and experimental groups (D).

Answer:

Statisficing

Explanation:

Statisficing refers to the method of decision making which focused on only fulfilling minimum requirement necessary to achieve a certain goal. (in most cases, this goal would not be particularly important in the person's lives)

From the excerpt above, we can see that Pat does not particularly meddle in the quality of the paper clips. She does not want to waste time in choosing between different varieties, so she just take the first and cheapest one she find in the supply catalog.

Final answer:

The method of making a decision that Pat uses is satisficing. When Pat selects the first reasonably priced paper clips without searching for all possible options, this is an example of satisficing rather than maximizing or optimizing her choice.

Explanation:

To provide a decision-making process explanation, satisficing is a strategy that prioritizes an adequate solution over the optimal solution when making a decision. Instead of exhaustively looking at every possible option, an individual who satisfices takes the first option that meets their minimum criteria, which in Pat's case, is a reasonable price. This can often save time and reduce the cognitive load involved in the decision-making process. In contrast, maximizing would involve Pat comparing all possible options to find the very best one, while optimizing would require a systematic comparison of alternatives to achieve the best possible outcome. Brainstorming, forecasting, and other methods mentioned are not relevant as they do not describe the process by which Pat made her decision.

Answer is B) Sweden.

Sweden is recognized as the most liberal Western country in terms of sexual attitudes, with comprehensive sex education and few media regulations, leading to low rates of teen pregnancy and STDs.

Of the Western countries listed, Sweden is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex. In Sweden, there are very few regulations on sexual images in the media, and sex education is a compulsory part of the school curriculum starting at a young age.

This permissive approach has helped the country maintain some of the world's lowest rates of teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. In contrast, sexual attitudes in the United States are considered more conservative compared to most Western societies.

Answer:Web Ethnography

Explanation:

According to the researchers, John Mihelich and also John Papineau use to study Parrotheads

When Cyber-ethnography, also known as virtual ethnography or web ethnography, digital ethnography, and also most commonly online ethnography, is an online research method that adapts ethnographic methods to the study of the communities and also cultures created through computer-mediated social interaction.

Thus, As modifications of the term ethnography, cyber-ethnography, online ethnography, and also virtual ethnography.

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Answer:

Learning to read and write

Explanation:

A manifest function is a recognized function that serves a primary purpose. Since the primary purpose of any school is to provide education to its students, learning how to read and write is a manifest function here because these are basic skills needed for further learning.

Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent, following a schedule or knowing locker room etiquette are latent functions (unintended consequences). These functions can be learned at schools but they are not the school's primary goal ( which is to provide education that prepares one for the labor market).

Learning to read and write is the manifest function of schools, focused on the explicit transfer of academic knowledge, while other aspects like social skills development are latent functions imparted through the hidden curriculum.

The manifest function of schools is the explicit and intended purpose of schooling, which involves the transmission of knowledge and academic skills. Therefore, among the options provided, learning to read and write is the correct answer as a manifest function of schools. This function is directly related to the formal curriculum, which includes the foundational academic skills, commonly referred to as the 'three Rs': reading, writing, and arithmetic. Socializing children into understanding when to speak and following a schedule, along with learning locker room etiquette, are considered latent functions of schools \'94 aspects of socialization that are not explicitly outlined in the school curriculum but occur through the schooling process.

Manifest functions involve the observable outcomes that are anticipated and intentional, such as acquiring literacy. In contrast, latent functions are the unrecognized or unintended consequences, such as the development of social skills and cultural norms, which are imparted through the hidden curriculum. This hidden curriculum, while not formally assessed, plays a crucial role in preparing students for their roles in society and teaches them values like teamwork, conformity to laws, and respect for authority.

Answer:

Using social networks

Explanation:

Social networks are powerful platforms that connect people, serving as the stage for the debate of ideas. These platforms are used as the main tool of cyber works. A cyberfeminist may use them to expose her social patterns, for example, by denouncing her perception of demonizing women by traditional media.

An example: Suppose the cover of a magazine about a woman leader has a pejorative bias, treating her as if she were a harsh, nervous manager. A cyberfeminist can use social networks to question what the journal's treatment would be if the manager were a man whose cover would probably treat him as an efficient manager.

A cyberfeminist would use digital platforms to counteract biased portrayals of female politicians in traditional media, arguing that these platforms offer a way to share more balanced and equitable narratives.

They would argue that the traditional media often portray female politicians through a lens of gender bias, focusing on their appearance, clothing, and family life rather than their policies and achievements.

For example, as observed by political scientists Erika Falk and Elisabeth Gidengil, stories about women in politics frequently mention their appearance and instances of combative behavior, reinforcing traditional gender stereotypes.

A cyberfeminist would advocate for using social media and other online tools to provide a more balanced and equitable portrayal of female leaders.

By leveraging these digital spaces, female politicians can share their own stories and perspectives directly with the public, bypassing traditional media filters and biases. This strategy empowers women and helps reshape the narrative to focus on their professional capabilities and contributions rather than superficial or negative attributes.

The correct answer is A. Class traits

Explanation:

In sociology, a social class refers to a specific group of people that belongs to a specific category in the social hierarchy defined by different aspects such as the political power, accessibility to resources, role in society, education and social status. Additionally, it is common each class is defined and identified according to a set of norms, customs, behaviors, and preferences that are commonly known as social traits and do not only make each social class different but also are linked to other aspects such as education and prestige. Therefore, the behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are the class traits.

The correct answer is D. George H. Mead

Explanation:

In sociology, the Conflict Theory is one of the main theories designed to explain relationships in society this theory states society prompts inequality and inequality leads to change, this was first proposed by Karl Marx during the 19th century and then elaborated by multiple sociologists including C. Wright Mills that made some of the concepts of Marx more complex during the 20th century and Willam Domhoff who is a contemporary sociologist that work in the ideas of Conflict Theory in the last decade. On the other hand, Geroge H. Mead is a sociologist that proposed Symbolic interaction which is a different theoretical perspective and therefore he is the one that is not associated with conflict theory.

Answer:

Voting boots

Explanation:

A voting booth is a room or a cabin in a poling station where voters can cast their votes in privacy. A voting boot does not influence voting, it is merely a place where a vote can be cast.

Race, social class and ethnicity all influence voting practices as they all influence the voters' decision for whom to vote. People from different races vote for different candidates, and it is proven that belonging to a specific social class can change the voters' perspective. Ethnicity plays a role as well and so does cultural background, it influences the voters' needs and makes them vote for the candidate truest to their values and beliefs.