Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms.
The functionalist and conflict perspectives share the position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms. Option A is correct.
Social norms are defined as the group-wide standards of acceptable behavior. Social norms may be both informal understandings that guide the conduct of society members and formalized into regulations and laws.
Religion, according to the functionalist and conflict perspectives, is related to social control, enforcing social norms. The religion is a conservative force that serves a constructive role for society and people. It contributes to the formation of social order and the maintenance of value consensus.
Therefore, option A is correct.
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Would you willingly participate in a sociological study that could potentially put your health and safety at risk, but had the potential to help thousands or even hundreds of thousands of people? For example, would you participate in a study of a new drug that could cure diabetes or cancer, even if it meant great inconvenience and physical discomfort for you or possible permanent damage?
Answer: to be honest I wouldn't put my health at risk experimenting whatever drug because I don't think that a serious investigation would risk people's lives.
Explanation: I think that experimenting in human beings is forbidden and people who do that must be in jail.
Sociological studies involve ethical concerns and the responsibility to protect participants. Ethical guidelines and informed consent are paramount. The safety and well-being of participants should always be prioritized while conducting research.
Explanation:As a sociological study, the ethical concerns and responsibilities of protecting participants are of utmost importance. Sociologists must prioritize the safety and well-being of participants and ensure they provide informed consent before participating in a study. While the potential to help thousands or even hundreds of thousands of people is significant, the ethical guidelines and principles of conducting research should always be upheld.
For example, the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study violated ethical standards by exploiting marginalized communities and withholding treatment from subjects. Such egregious violations of ethics highlight the importance of conducting research responsibly and with the well-being and rights of participants in mind. While the potential benefits of a study may be tempting, the safety and ethical considerations should never be compromised.
In conclusion, conducting sociological studies involves a tremendous responsibility to avoid harm and protect human subjects or groups. Ethical guidelines and informed consent must always be adhered to, regardless of the potential benefits that a study may bring.
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What term describes the separation of students based on merit?
Cultural transmission
Social control
Sorting
Hidden curriculum
Sorting describes the separation of students based on merit.
Talkshow host “Bull” Loney asked listeners of his to call in to give their opinion on a topic that he had just spent most of his program ranting about. The station got 384 calls. This is an example of what type of sample
Answer: A voluntary response sample
Explanation: this is a case in which listeners to the show who cared enough about the issue to make the effort to call in were chosen.
Talk show presenter "Bull" Loney invited his listeners to call in and share their thoughts on a topic he had just spent the majority of his broadcast screaming about. The station received 384 calls.This is an example of convenience sample.
A convenience sample is a non-probability sampling method where the selection of participants is based on convenience or availability. In this case, the host asked listeners of his show to call in and share their opinions on a topic. The individuals who chose to call in and participate in the discussion constituted the sample.
The main characteristic of a convenience sample is that it may not represent the entire population accurately because it relies on the individuals who are easily accessible or willing to participate.
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The history of technology began _________.
in the early stages of human societies
with the invention of the computer
during the Renaissance
during the nineteenth century
The correct answer is A. In the early stages of human societies
Explanation:
The word "technology" refers to any technique, skill or methods that serve to create a specific product or good or achieve an objective. Because of this, technology does not only refer to modern computers and machines used in industrialization but also to the development of basic tools and products that have existed since the first stages of human societies. Indeed, it is believed the first forms of technology date back to the Paleolithic as tools made of stones were created and also the discovery of fire allow humans to create new items, later other technologies such as the wheel, agriculture tools, plumbing, among others were developed and all the different technologies had become complex over the years and lead to modern technology. Therefore, the history of technology began in the early stages of human societies.
Which factors most likely have contributed to the cross-pollination of ideas? Select all that apply. Select one or more: a. Easier access to printed matter and increased literacy b. Advances in science and technology c. Religion, mythology and folklore d. Changes in business practices such as double-entry bookkeeping
Answer:
a. Easier access to printed matter and increased literacy
b. Advances in science and technology
Explanation:
Cross pollination of ideas refers to a situation where it is really easy for people from different regions, backgrounds, or culture to come together and exchanging the knowledge that they possess.
Easier access to printed matters and advances in science and technology allow people to send information to another location far away within a very short period of time (I.e : internet) , which definitely positively contributed to the cross pollination of ideas
Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist?
Surveys
Participant observation
Quantitative data analysis
None of the above
The correct answer B. Participant observation
Explanation:
In sociology or the study of society, the Symbolic Interactionist Theory is a theoretical perspective that focuses on micro-level interaction and exchange of meaning mainly through the symbols people create. Because of this, in terms of research, this perspective aims at understanding specific individuals rather than large groups and uses qualitative date techniques such as interviews or observation as these allow researches to understand both interaction and symbols in meaning which are the basic elements in this theory. Therefore, from the options provided the technique a symbolic interactionist would use is participant observation.
Answer:
Participant Observation
Explanation:
Because it is about interactions between people.
Where are you most likely to notice advertisements? What causes them to catch your attention?
Answer:
On the internet
Explanation:
The most advertisements I notice are pop-up messages on the internet. I spend a lot of time online, reading newspapers, buying things from online shops or chatting with friends.
I notice the advertisements there because they are very eye-catching. Their headlines are written in big, bold letters, aiming to catch the reader's attention. The headlines are also very interesting or thought-provoking, or offering a very good discount on products. It is difficult not to notice the advertisements on the internet as they are literary everywhere, even on social media where I spend a lot of time each day.
Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that _____________.
racial segregation in schools was allowed
separate schools for black and white students were unconstitutional
students do not have a right to free speech in public schools
students have a right to free speech in public schools
Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that students do not have a right to free speech in public schools .
Answer:
racial segregation in schools was allowed
Explanation:
In Plessy v. Ferguson, the supreme court ruled that segregation in public facilities was legal as long as the segregated facilities were of equal quality. This allowed for schools to segregate as long as the segregated schools were equal in nature.
Which of the following is an example of a business decision maker?
a.Politician's election consultant
b.Church pastor
c. Manager of a non-profit program
d.Business manager of a consumer goods product
e.All of the above
Answer:
e
Explanation:
all of the above
Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who:
are ambitious
fund social services
spend money wisely
get rich while workers stay poor
The correct answer is D. Get rich while workers stay poor
Explanation:
The "Conflict theory" is a theory in sociology that states society is mainly inequal because on in there are different social classes or individuals with different conditions and power that makes certain individuals have benefits and power over others which causes tensions and conflict between different social classes or groups that are commonly related to other factors such as age, accessibility to sources, education, origin, etc. Additionally, according to conflict theorists those that are in the power usually keep their position by taking advantage of those that are not in the power, which implies an individual usually stay in only one position.
Considering this, a conflict theorists would view capitalist as those who get rich while workers stay poor, because according to this theory there are social classes or groups, in this case, capitalists that have power over others and besides this, those that have power and have accessibility to sources such as money stay in the same position while those with no power and accessibility to sources stay in a lower position or a poor.
According to the "Conflict theory," which is a sociological theory, society is primarily unequal because different social classes or individuals live there with varying conditions and levels of power. Hence option D is correct.
This leads to tensions and conflict between various social classes or groups, which is frequently correlated with other factors like age, ease of access to resources, education, origin, etc. Furthermore, those in power typically maintain their position by taking advantage of others who are not in power, according to conflict theorists, which suggests that people typically hold only one position at a time.
Given this, conflict theorists would characterize capitalists as people who got rich quickly. According to this theory, there are social classes or groups—in this case, capitalists—that have power over others. Additionally, those who have power and access to resources—such as money—remain in the same position, while those who lack both remain in a lower position or the poor. Rich while workers remain poor.
Therefore option D is correct.
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What does human ecology theory address?
The relationship between humans and their environments
The way humans affect technology
The way the human population reduces the variety of nonhuman species
The relationship between humans and other species
Answer:
The correct answer is: The relationship between humans and their environments.
Explanation:
Human Ecology Theory´s aim is to make sense of the relationship and interactions between human beings and their environments. These types of environments mentioned could include the natural environment as well as the social and cultural one.
In addition, it is worth mentioning that the main agents in this theory, the humans and the environment, are believed to be closely interconnected and all the time in constant change.
Human ecology theory addresses the relationship between humans and their environments, including other species. It explores how human activities impact the natural world and aims to promote sustainable interactions between humans and the environment.
Explanation:Human ecology theory addresses the relationship between humans and their environments and the impact of human activities on the natural world. It focuses on how humans influence and are influenced by their surroundings, including other species. The theory explores topics such as ecosystem dynamics, resource management, and the effects of pollution and habitat destruction on the environment. It aims to understand and promote sustainable interactions between humans and the natural world.
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In which sector of an economy would someone working as a software developer be?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
The correct answer is D. Quaternary
Explanation:
In economy, there are mainly four economic sectors that cover the different economic activities a nation or state can have. These includes the primary sector that refers to extraction of raw materials including activities such as agriculture or fishing; the secondary sector that deals with the manufacturing process such as factories that produce bicycles; the tertiary sector that refers to services or intangible goods such as tourism and the quaternary sector that deals with information and knowledge services such as education or development or technology. Considering this, the sector of the economy in which someone working as a software developer would be is the quaternary as this sector deals with the development of technology and this includes the development of software.
What is your understanding of monotheism versus polytheism? How might your ideology be an obstacle to understanding the theism of another religion you’re unfamiliar with?
Answer:
Monotheism sees a unique source , origin or God while Polytheism assumes there is no single God but gods, and or godesses.
The notion of a Creator, a God or a origin has cultural, linguistic and conceptual limitations that shape our perception of the beliefs we have and other culture's religions.
Explanation:
Most of the European and Western countries adscribe to ancient Abrahamic religions. The Christianity, Jewish and Muslim world often represents God as a male, an ultimate ruler, designer and active force in the Universe he created.
While in Orient other religions consider the interaction between Gods like the Hinduism the active forces behide the supernatual and phsical world (Shiva, Brahman,Vishnu), others like Buddhism teach philosophical principles that often sincronyze to form religion cults like Zen Buddhism.
Not only in Asia polytheism is widespread, in Africa and American indigenous races the practice of worshing gods in elements of nature is common. The natural phenomena like the rain and the stars often are given worship as separate gods.
A suggested way to conciliate this appearing conflict is to go deeper in the inter cultural and inter religious dialogue, in many cases it can be found that polytheistic systems also search for a unique and supreme force behind all. Some similarities arise in the very first depictions of the creation of mankind, universalism as a religious movement tries to conciliate this views in search for higher truths.
Final answer:
Monotheism is the worship of a single supreme deity, prominent in religions like Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Polytheism involves worship of multiple deities, with Hinduism as a key example. Personal ideology can pose challenges to understanding other religions, requiring an open-minded approach.
Explanation:
Understanding of Monotheism Versus Polytheism
Monotheism and polytheism are two categories that anthropologists use to describe the number of deities in a religion. Monotheistic religions worship a single supreme deity and the major monotheistic religions are Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. In contrast, polytheism involves the worship of multiple deities, with Hinduism being one prominent example with its pantheon of gods and goddesses.
Impact of Personal Ideologies on Understanding Other Religions
One's personal beliefs and ideological background can be a significant obstacle in understanding the theism of another religion, particularly if they are unfamiliar. For instance, those with a monotheistic perspective might find the concept of multiple divine manifestations in Hinduism as polytheistic, while Hindus may see these manifestations as different aspects of one supreme deity. Similarly, while the Christian concept of the Holy Trinity may be viewed as a form of monotheism, it can also present a complex understanding for those who strictly view monotheism as belief in a single, indivisible deity.
Overcoming Ideological Barriers
To overcome the ideological barriers to understanding, one must approach other religious beliefs with an open mind and recognize that definitions and classifications of deity can be fluid and interpreted in various ways.
Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group?
Jewish people in Germany
Creoles in New Orleans
White people in Brazil
Blacks under apartheid in South Africa
Answer:
An example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group is that of blacks under apartheid in South Africa.
Explanation:
Apartheid was a regime of racial segregation implemented in South Africa in 1948 by Protestant pastor Daniel François Malan - then prime minister - and adopted until 1994 by successive National Party governments, in which the rights of the majority of the inhabitants were curtailed by the white minority in power, which constituted just 21% of South African population.
Racial segregation in South Africa began even in the colonial period, but apartheid was introduced as official policy after the general elections of 1948. The new legislation divided the inhabitants into racial groups ("black", "white", "colored" "and" Indian "), segregating residential areas, often through forced removals. From the late 1970s, blacks were deprived of their citizenship, legally becoming citizens of one of the ten autonomous tribal homelands called bantustans. At that time, the government had already segregated health, education and other public services, providing blacks with inferior services to those of whites.
Apartheid brought violence and a significant internal resistance movement, as well as a long trade embargo against South Africa. A series of popular revolts and protests led to the banning of opposition and the arrest of anti-apartheid leaders. As the disorder spread and became more violent, state organizations responded with increased repression and violence.
Reforms in the regime during the 1980s failed to contain growing opposition, and in 1990 President Frederik Willem de Klerk began negotiations to end apartheid, which culminated in multi-racial and democratic elections in 1994, which were won by the African National Congress under the leadership of Nelson Mandela.
Weber believed humans could not be studied purely objectively because they were influenced by:
drugs
their culture
their genetic makeup
the researcher
The correct answer is B. Their culture
Explanation:
Max Weber was a German philosopher and sociologist mainly known for his ideas in social theory during the 19th and 20th century that were key for the development of sociology, because of this Weber is often considered as one of the founders of sociology along with Marx and Durkheim. In terms of society, Weber wrote multiple words that dealt with politics, religion and economy in different context and in terms of social research Weber stated individual and societies could not be researched in the same way of other subjects, mainly because they were influenced by their culture, indeed Weber believed positive or objective methods could not be applied in studying human societies and in any case the culture of individuals needed to be considered as this influenced their behavior. Therefore, Wever believed humans could not be studied purely objectively mainly because they were influenced by their culture.
Sociologist Max Weber believed that objective study of humans is not possible since they are influenced by their culture. Cultural factors like language, religion, and norms shape a person's world-view and responses, requiring a method of study that takes these subjective meanings into account.
Explanation:Max Weber, a key figure in sociology, argued that humans could not be studied objectively like objects in natural sciences because they are influenced by their culture. According to Weber, a person's behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes are significantly shaped by their cultural contexts.
Cultural factors such as language, religion, social norms and traditions play a major role in how individuals interpret the world around them and respond to it. Therefore, Weber proposed a methodology known as Verstehen, which means 'understanding' in German, to interpret social action through understanding the subjective meanings that individuals attach to their actions.
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If families continue to have fewer than two children and if most people survive into old age the demographic pyramid will
Answer:
Turn upside down
Explanation:
In the past, families tend to have a lot of children since most of their economies revolved around agriculture , so having more children typically resulted in more workers for the field.
This make the demographic pyramid for people who grows old could be 5 times the initial amount from each generation.
If the families keep having less than 2 children, the number of mortality rate will outpace the fertility, which will turns the pyramid upside down.
In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced?
India
Europe
China
The Middle East
Answer:
Confucianism and Taoism have been primarily practiced in China.
Explanation:
The predominant religions in China are Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and traditional Chinese religion, which, in many cases, are practiced together and a form of religious syncretism. However, a large majority of the population does not identify with any religion, being agnostics, atheists or just spiritual people not attached to any religion.
Confucianism is the set of moral and religious doctrines preached by the disciples and followers of Confucius after his death. Confucianism has exerted a great influence on China, Korea, Vietnam and Japan. It was the official religion of China until the seventh century.
Taoism is a philosophical system and religion that originated in China in the sixth century BC; is characterized by believing that there is an absolute solidarity between man and nature, since both agree perfectly and have a common substrate.
Confucianism and Taoism primarily practiced in China, where these two philosophical systems have greatly influenced the country's culture and history.
Explanation:Confucianism and Taoism are two philosophical traditions that originate from China. Consequently, these two systems of belief are practiced predominantly in China. Confucianism is a system of moral, social, political, and quasi-religious thought that has had a tremendous influence on the culture and history of China. Taoism or Daoism, is both a philosophy and a religion, primarily associated with the living in harmony with the Tao or Dao, which is considered the fundamental order of the universe.
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Alex is being raised in an urban setting with 6 older siblings.Mia is an only child living in a rural area.What type of context is different for these two children?
Answer:
Social context
Explanation:
Social context refers to the physical environment around us that can influence the way we behave and think.
Let's take the case above for example.
People who raised in urban setting with a lot of siblings tend to get less attention from the parents, so more of them will grow up unconsciously craving for the affection/guidance that they do not get from home. The opposite condition would be felt by the person who grow up as an only child in rural area.
The type of context that differs for Alex, a child being raised in an urban setting with 6 older siblings, and Mia, an only child living in a rural area, entails their family structure and geographical location. These conditions affect their experiences, opportunities, family dynamics, and future prospects in different ways.
Explanation:The type of context that is different for Alex and Mia involves their family structure and geographical location. Alex's context is urban living with multiple siblings, while Mia's context is rural living as an only child. Through these two aspects, the children experience differences in family dynamics, resource sharing, social interactions, exposure to diverse cultures, and lifestyle values.
For example, in a large family like Alex's, resources (like time, attention, and material goods) are typically shared among more individuals. This can affect Alex's experiences and opportunities. Living in an urban area, Alex might have access to more resources such as better educational facilities, a diverse population, and more job opportunities in the future.
Contrarily, Mia, as an only child, receives all parental resources, but might lack the broad social interaction experienced in larger families. Living in a rural area, her experiences would be shaped by close-knit community lifestyles, nature, less crowded living conditions, but potentially less access to diverse cultural exposure and resources urban kids have access to.
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Where does a large percentage of e-waste wind up?
Incinerators
Recycled in peripheral nations
Repurposed into new electronics
Dumped into ocean repositories
Answer:
The correct answer choice from the list of options, for the question: Where does a large percentage of e-waste wind up?, is: Recycled in peripheral nations.
Explanation:
E-waste is defined as the discarded pieces of electronic equipment and devices that are no longer in use, be it because they are damaged, useless, not updated, or simply because people do not want them anymore. The problem with e-waste is becoming really serious, as most of it is shipped over to underdeveloped nations, like those in Africa and Asia, where they are recycled for money. And the worst part of it is, that these equipment do not decompose and they are filled with chemical elements that constantly place the nations where they are being recycled, at risk.
China is undergoing a shift in industry, increasing labor specialization and the amount of differentiation present in the social structure. This exemplifies:
human ecology
dependency theory
modernization
conflict perspective
The correct answer is C. Modernization
Explanation:
In sociology, the Modernization theoretical perspective is one of the main perspectives used to understand the development of societies, in this it is stated it is possible for a nation with low-income to become a developed and high-income nations through the development of industry along with changes in the social structure that support work and a specialization in labor. This implies by following this path countries can go through modernization. These ideas fit with the case presented as the shift in the industry, the increase of labor specialization and changes in social structure in China are expected to lead this country to modernization and therefore, this case exemplifies Modernization theoretical perspective.
Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _______ higher-level job positions.
denied the opportunity to obtain
encouraged to train for
often fired from
forced into
Answer:
denied the opportunity to obtain
Explanation:
Tumin questions the job's degree of importance. He believed on social stratification and how it stopped qualified people from attempting to fill determined roles. An example of this is how underprivileged youth has no chance of becoming a scientist because of the lack of opportunities available for them. So it won't matter how intelligent they are if they don't have access to resources there's very little chance to succeed. It's the same with the job opportunities, higher-level-job positions require certain access to resources as well.
Melvin Tumin argued that social stratification often denied qualified individuals the opportunity to obtain high-level positions, unlike Davis and Moore who perceived it as beneficial.
Explanation:Unlike Davis and Moore who argued that social stratification was beneficial, Melvin Tumin, a sociologist, believed that because of social stratification, some qualified people were denied the opportunity to obtain higher-level job positions. He contested that social inequality often prevents individuals with demonstrated competency from rising to positions of higher responsibility and reward. In his view, this was harmful to society as it led to the wastage of talent.
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A negative outcome of conflict is where you use a lot of energy for constant disagreements instead of using it ____.
In the mid-90s, the U.S. government grew concerned that Microsoft was a _______________, exercising disproportionate control over the available choices and prices of computers.monopoly
conglomerate
oligopoly
technological globalization
Answer:
Monopoly
Explanation:
In United States vs. Microsoft Cooperation the USA government accused Microsoft of illegally maintaining its monopoly position in the PC market. It stated that Microsoft possessed monopoly for operating systems and was harming customers through its anti-competitive behavior.
At that time, Microsoft was holding more than 90% of the market share for the operating systems used on PCs. Because of this customers were lacking an alternative to Windows.
After appealing the court's decision, Microsoft decided to draft a settlement proposal. It allowed PC manufacturers to adopt non-Microsoft software.
In the mid-90s, the U.S. government labeled Microsoft as a monopoly for its anticompetitive practices, including threats to computer makers and the bundling of software products. The company was taken to court and faced the possibility of being split up, but this was overturned, leading to a settlement in 2002.
The antitrust regulators argued that Microsoft had engaged in anticompetitive practices by not only profiting from its software innovations and dominant position in the software market for operating systems but attempting to use its market power to monopolize other parts of the software industry. A key issue was Microsoft's threat to computer makers that if they did not exclude rival Netscape's Internet browser from their systems, Microsoft would not sell them its operating system software. This behavior, as well as the bundling of its Windows operating system with its Internet Explorer browser and the predatory pricing of additional software products, led to allegations of Microsoft using these strategies as anticompetitive tools.
In April 2000, a federal court found that Microsoft's actions constituted unfair competition and initially recommended that the company be split into two separate entities. However, this penalty was later overturned on appeal, and in November 2002, Microsoft reached a settlement to end its restrictive practices. The case was a defining moment in U.S. antitrust law and the technology industry, highlighting the complexities of regulating monopolistic behavior in a rapidly evolving market.
What is discrimination?
Biased thoughts against an individual or group
Biased actions against an individual or group
Belief that a race different from yours is inferior
Another word for stereotyping
Answer:
B: Biased actions against an individual or group.
Explanation:
Discrimination is the practice of treating one particular group in society in an unfair way, or in a way that is worse than the people are usually treated. It can be because who they are or because have different characteristics than the norm. Discrimination can happen for different reasons: race, age, gender, religion, or even disability.
Kaitlin's mother asks her what she would like to eat for dinner. Kaitlin responds, "Fis." Her mother queries, "Fis?" "No," Kaitlin responds, "fis." Suddenly realizing what her daughter meant, Kaitlin's mother responds, "Oh, fish!" Kaitlin, exasperated, says, "Yeah, fis." This exchange exemplifies that:A. many young children's receptive capacities for language outdistance their productive capabilities.B. many young children's productive capabilities outdistance their receptive capacities for language.C. most young children are equally adept at receptive and productive capabilities for language.D. most young children have difficulty with both receptive and productive capabilities for language.
Answer:
the answer is B
Explanation:
4. A State statute empowered public school principals to suspend students for up to ten days without any notice or hearing. A student who was suspended from a public school for ten days challenges the constitutionality of his suspension on the ground that he was denied due process. Was due process denied? Explain.
Answer:
Due process was not denied.
Explanation:
A school can expel a student without a hearing in emergency situations only and the expulsion must be a temporary one - only up to ten days.
This is applicable in emergency situations only ( the student is a threat to others) and the due process ( the hearing of the case) happens after the disciplinary measure.
The due process in law is a constitutional right and it applies to school expulsions as well. Every student, faced with a punishment in form of expulsion from school, has the right to a proper hearing prior to the administration of the sentence.
Yes, due process was likely denied in the scenario where a student was suspended without any notice or hearing, as per the precedent set in Goss v. Lopez, requiring procedural due process for school suspensions.
Was due process denied in the case of a student suspended from a public school for ten days without any notice or hearing? The answer is yes, due process was likely denied in this scenario. According to the Supreme Court ruling in Goss v. Lopez (1975), students are entitled to procedural due process when facing suspensions. This decision emphasizes that students must receive both oral and written notice of the charges against them, along with an explanation and evidence of the said charges. Furthermore, it mandates that the student has the right to present their side of the story and provide evidence in their defense.
The Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to due process, ensuring that no state may deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. This includes public education settings, where suspensions or disciplinary actions affecting a student's access to education must adhere to due process standards. Therefore, a state statute authorizing principals to suspend students without notice or hearing would likely be unconstitutional as it contravenes the requirement for procedural due process established in Goss v. Lopez.
The concept of the iron cage was popularized by which of the following sociological thinkers?
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Émile Durkheim
Friedrich Engels
Answer: The concept of the iron cage was popularized by Max Weber.
Explanation: Max Weber was a German sociologist. He was born in 1864 and died in 1920. His theories often referred to the importance of social action and the racionalization process. One of his well-known concepts is 'the iron cage', which he used to refer to the effects of capitalism and technological advances on men. In that way, the iron cage makes reference to the influence that capitalism has on the way in which we think and act.
The concept of the iron cage was popularized by the sociological thinker Max Weber. He used this term to describe how rationalization and bureaucracy trap individuals in a restrictive system of rules and calculations. While other sociologists also critiqued modern society, Weber's iron cage concept is unique to his analysis.
The concept of the iron cage was popularized by the sociological thinker Max Weber.
This term conveys Weber's concern about the effects of rationalization and bureaucracy on individuals in modern society. He argued that the increased rationalization inherent in social life, particularly in Western capitalist societies, traps people in an 'iron cage' of rule-based, calculative thought. While Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels all made significant contributions to sociology, it was Weber who specifically articulated the idea of individuals being confined by an 'iron cage' of rational control.Martha participates in a research study in order to receive extra credit for her psychology class. When she arrives in the research office she is given a can of what looks and tastes like beer, but which actually contains no alcohol. In the adjoining room Martha's classmate Karen is also participating in the study. Karen receives a can of alcoholic beer. If the experiment was designed to test the effects of alcohol on concentration, then who is exposed to the independent variable?
Answer:
Martha
Explanation:
Independent variables are the additional things included in the research that is used to measure the effects of the main focus of the research (effect of the alcohol.
From the case above, we know martha is given non-alcoholic beverages.
Subject This non-alcohol beverages is used by the researchers as a representation of 'normal state' that is used to measures the intensity of the effects among subjects who actually receive the alcohol.
Final answer:
Karen is the participant who is exposed to the independent variable in this experiment. The independent variable is the factor that the researchers are manipulating to see if it produces an effect. In this case, the independent variable is the presence of alcohol in the beer. Therefore, Karen, who receives a can of alcoholic beer, is the one exposed to the independent variable.
Explanation:
In any controlled experiment, researchers manipulate one or more factors, known as the independent variables, to measure their impact on a dependent variable. In the context of this psychology research study, the objective is to assess the effects of alcohol on concentration. Martha and Karen are taking part in this study, with Martha receiving non-alcoholic beer and Karen getting alcoholic beer. Martha's non-alcoholic beer acts as a control, providing a baseline against which to compare Karen's responses, who is actually exposed to alcohol. The key here is the manipulation of the alcohol content, which is the independent variable that is being tested to see if it affects concentration, the dependent variable of interest. Such experimental designs are critical for isolating the influences of specific variables and are widely used to test hypotheses in psychological research. Moreover, blinding participants to the presence of the independent variable can help eliminate expectancy effects, which can confound the results.
Pick a common illness and describe which parts of it are medically constructed, and which parts are socially constructed.
Answer:
If there is one illness in the world that can be viewed as both a medical construct and a social construct, is HIV-AIDS. The disease, which is definitely caused by the HIV virus, causes a series of evident symptoms and situations that are medically proven, and are handled medically through pharmacological treatments, rehabilitation, resocialization, and psychological treatments.
In HIV-AIDS, the physical and physiological, as well as psychological, effects of the disease, like the symptoms, which are responses to the different stages of the virus invading and attacking the body, and the pharmacological and surgical treatments for the disease, are all medically constructed. Another thing that is medically constructed is the research on the virus and the spread of information on the disease, which has fed, negatively, or positively, the social view on it.
However, HIV-AIDS has a really huge chunck that is constructed socially. First, the belief on how it is transmitted, and the social implications for those who suffer from it. Second, the unfounded views on the risks regarding the disease, which leads to social isolation for the person involved and third, the misunderstanding on the correct pathophysiology, prevention, and management of the disease in the general population causes people to reject people with AIDS. Fortunately, the advances in pharmacological treatment, and the release of new information of how the virus works and is transmitted, as well as how it can be prevented, have allowed new life standards for people who suffer the disease.
Final answer:
Illnesses are both medically and socially constructed, exemplified by HIV-AIDS and obesity. Medical construction is based on biological impacts, while social construction is influenced by cultural attitudes and stigma. Sociocultural factors shape the perception and experience of one's health.
Explanation:
Illnesses can be understood through both medical and societal lenses. A common illness such as HIV-AIDS is medically constructed based on its biological impact on the body, affecting the immune system. However, it is also socially constructed through cultural attitudes that define how it is perceived, how individuals with the illness are treated, and the stigma associated with it.
Social Stigma and the Experience of Illness
Conditions like obesity illustrate the social construction of illness. Culturally induced habits and attitudes significantly contribute to its prevalence, yet society often views obesity as a preventable condition, attributing it to individual moral failings. Such stigmatization can deter individuals from seeking necessary medical care.
Sociocultural Impact on Health
The social construction of health encompasses more than just the physical state; it includes mental and social well-being. Sociocultural factors highly influence how individuals perceive and experience their own health. Cultural norms, ideologies about health, and changing societal values about sickness and healing play crucial roles in this construction.
Great Britain’s healthcare system is an example of ______________socialized medicine
private healthcare
single-payer private healthcare
universal private healthcare
Answer:
Socialized medicine
Explanation:
Socialized medicine is a term used to describe a universal health system available to all citizens of a particular country.
Great Britain has a public health service called the National Health Service (NHS). The system is free and paid for from general taxation. NHS provides the majority of healthcare in England but there are also numerous private health care companies offering their services.
Socialized medicine means the government is in charge of the country's health system and employers do not pay health insurance for their workers.
Critics of this system say it's not competitive, which slows innovation and progress in treatments. They also question the every individual's right to have a free healthcare.
Great Britain’s healthcare system is an example of socialized medicine.
Explanation:Great Britain’s healthcare system is an example of socialized medicine. The National Health System (NHS) in Great Britain provides free healthcare to all its residents, with the government owning and running the system, employing doctors and other staff, and owning hospitals. This is a clear example of socialized medicine, where the government controls and funds the healthcare system.