Which of the following best explains how the structures of chitin and cellulose make them hard to digest

Answers

Answer 1
Chitin and celulose are hard to digest because THEY BOTH HAVE AN ALTERNATING ARRANGEMENT OF GLUCOSE MOLECULES, HOWEVER CELLULOSE HAVE HYDROGEN BONDS WHILE CHITIN HAS AMINO GROUP BONDS. Humans does not have enzymes that can break the beta acetal linkages that are present in cellulose, thus they can not digest cellulose.
Answer 2

Answer:

The correct answer is D. They both have an alternating arrangement of glucose molecules, but cellulose has hydrogen bonds while chitin has amino group bonds.


Related Questions

When going in reverse, your head and body position should be?

Answers

The answer is turning your head and body to the right. Backing up needs you to turn your head to see beyond the head restraint. Do not rest on on mirrors alone when backing. One loses depth perception when using the mirrors to guide the vehicle while backing.

As it is harder to sustain steering control and vehicle balance when the vehicle is in reverse, always back at slow speeds.

Reverse is a more powerful gear than drive, so you should use the accelerator pedal wisely, if at all. Otherwise your car will move too fast.

1.    To back up, turn to your right so you can see through the back window.

2.    Turn your head and body to the right until you can see clearly through the back window.

3.    To improve balance, a driver’s right arm can be wrapped over the back of the seat. The left hand grips the steering wheel near the top and turns it in the direction a driver wants the vehicle to go.

Before mitosis begins, a cell makes a copy of all the DNA in each chromosome. What would go wrong if a cell did not make a second copy of all of its DNA before the cell divided into two daughter cells

Answers

What would go wrong if a cell did not make a second copy of all of its DNA before the cell divided into two daughter cells

The skin cancer most likely to metastasize is cancer of the melanocytes.

a. True

b. False

Answers

Final answer:

The skin cancer most likely to metastasize is cancer of the melanocytes.

Explanation:

True. Melanoma is the skin cancer most likely to metastasize. Melanoma is a rare but highly aggressive type of skin cancer that affects melanocytes, which are the pigment-producing cells in the skin. If not treated, melanoma can spread to other parts of the body, making it the most serious and deadliest type of skin cancer. Prompt detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.

Although they are not glands, these body structures secrete a hormone called B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP).

Answers

ventricles.

hope this helped :)

The heart, particularly the ventricles, secretes the hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) not traditionally viewed as a gland. BNP, along with atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), lowers blood pressure by promoting sodium and water excretion and suppressing certain hormone releases.

Although they are not traditionally considered glands, the structures in the body that secrete the hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are actually part of the heart. In response to a rise in blood pressure, the heart releases BNP from the ventricles, which are the lower chambers of the heart. This hormone, which consists of 29 amino acids, plays a vital role in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance in the body.

The heart contains specialized cardiac muscle cells in the atria that function as endocrine cells by releasing natriuretic peptides. These hormones, including B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), act to lower blood pressure and reduce blood volume by promoting the excretion of sodium (Na+) and water from the kidneys, thus inhibiting the reabsorption of these substances. Additionally, they suppress the production and release of renin, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to a decrease in fluid retention.

ANP and BNP are considered antagonists to angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor, which means they help to counteract the effects of this peptide in order to promote a reduction in blood pressure and blood volume. By these mechanisms, the natriuretic peptides effectively contribute to the autoregulation of blood perfusion and maintain cardiovascular homeostasis.

What makes sperm cells and egg cells different from almost all other types of body cells.

Answers

They have half as many chromosomes as the rest of the cells (so that when they meet, the chromosomes will be combined to make a different set)

Sperm cells and egg cells are involved in reproductive functions, while somatic cells are involved in growth and maintenance of body.

What is the difference between somatic and sperm cells?

Sperm cells and egg cells are specialized cells that are involved in sexual reproduction and produced through meiosis process. Sperm cells are typically small in size. It has a long tail and a pointed head to penetrate and fertilize the egg cell. Egg cells are much larger in size and rounder in shape. It has a thick outer layer to protects the cell from fertilizing by the sperm cell, while somatic cells are used in growth and maintenance of body.

Sperm cells can survive for a few days outside the male reproductive tract, while egg cells are only viable for a short period of time after ovulation.

The sperm cells and egg cells contain specialized proteins that are involved in the fertilization process and early embryonic development. These proteins and enzymes are synthesized within the sperm cells to help the sperm cells to penetrate the egg cells for fertilization, and successful fusion of the sperm and egg cells. However, somatic cells are not involved in fertilization process.

Therefore, sperm cells and egg cells combine together to form a zygote and create a new life, while somatic cells cannot form zygote.

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UHH...help please? ^^ TANKS!!

Answers

Final answer:

The subject of this question is English. English is a language arts subject that involves the study of literature, grammar, writing, and communication skills.

Explanation:

The subject of this question is English. English is a language arts subject that involves the study of literature, grammar, writing, and communication skills. In middle school, students typically learn about various types of literature, analyze texts, improve their writing skills, and develop their reading comprehension.

An eating disorder in which a person eats large amounts and then self-induced vomiting or using laxatives is called

Answers

Bulimia Nervosa is the disorder where a person will eat excess amounts and then purge.

A young girl requires a liver transplant due to failure of her liver to function. what is required for her to have a good prognosis and why

Answers

Answer: The ABO and other blood group antigens of the donor and recipient must be determined. Next, the donor/ recipient tissues are matched as closely as possible. After surgery she must receive immuno suppressive therapy to keep her body from rejecting the new liver as foreign tissue.
Final answer:

To have a good prognosis after a liver transplant, the patient needs a match that is immunologically compatible-including ABO blood type compatibility, availability of a donor organ in a timely manner, and a good overall health status at the time of transplant. Post-surgery care is also critical.

Explanation:

For a young girl needing a liver transplant, a few aspects are critical for a good prognosis. Firstly, immunological compatibility between the donor and the recipient is crucial to prevent the recipient's body from rejecting the donated organ. This includes Blood ABO compatibility. Secondly, the availability of organ donors is also a fundamental factor. The patient's health typically degrades overtime on the waitlist, therefore a timely organ donation can improve prognosis. Lastly, the overall health status of the patient at the time of transplantation can also have a bearing on the prognosis.

Post-transplant, meticulous care is required, including immunosuppressive drugs to prevent organ rejection and regular follow-up checks to monitor the patient's condition.

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How are dry climate regions identified?

Answers

They are identified by being dry or arid
they are Identified by dry and arid climates that is also determined by amount of annual rain fall.

The three-dimensional structure of a functional protein is altered by intense heat or nonphysiological ph even though peptide bonds may not break. such inactivation is called denaturation, and denatured enzymes are nonfunctional. explain why.

Answers

In biochemistry, enzymes are protein catalysts of the body that speeds up certain specific metabolic reactions in the body. They word in the concept of lock-and-key theory or induced fitting. These two theories are all based on the shape and size of the enzyme's active site that could accommodate the substrate. So, the main function of the enzyme is dependent on its shape. Therefore, when an enzyme undergoes denaturation, its orientation and shape changes. For example, a beta pleated sheet may change to an alpha helix orientation. As a consequence, the number and capacity of active sites changes. Hence, the enzyme becomes nonfunctional.

Cells may communicate with one another by/through __________.

a.transferring signal molecules to adjacent cells through gap junctions

b.locally acting chemicals, called paracrines, autocrines or neuromodulators

c.long-distance means, which rely on combinations of electrical and chemical signals

Answers

A. Transferring signal molecules to adjacent cells through gap junctions.

PLEASE HELP!!!!!

Which has a lower pressure, the air in your lungs as you inhale or the air outside your body?

Answers

the air outside your body because when you tried to hold your breath the pressure builds and forces your body to breath by letting out the air but depending the altitude you are the pressure can change hope this helps

Since air flows into the lungs, the air in the lungs is at a lower pressure than the air outside the body.

What is air pressure?

Air pressure is the pressure that air exert on objects due to its weight.

During the process of breathing, pressure differences exist between the air in the lungs and the air outside the body.

Air will glow to where there is lesser air pressure.

During inhaling, air flows until the lungs from outside the body.

Therefore, the air in the lungs is at a lower pressure than the air outside the body.

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How does the structure of cardiac myocytes and intercalated discs allow the function of cardiac muscle tissue and the heart?

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Answer: The structure of the heart is very complex. Cardiac myocytes and intercalated discs follow the function of cardiac muscle tissue and the heart make up part of this very complex system.

The intercalated discs of the heart muscle have gap junctions that allow electrical impulses to pass from one myocyte to the next, so they contract in unison as a syncytium, in a phenomenon called electrical coupling. Intercalated disks also have desmosomes, that provide structural support and prevent the myocytes from tearing away from one another during the stresses of contraction.

A 38-year-old woman was bitten by fire ants while at the park. your primary assessment reveals that she is semiconscious; has labored breathing; and has a rapid, thready pulse. she has a red rash on her entire body and her face is swollen. you should:

Answers

If this is the situation that a 38-year-old woman was bitten by fire ants while at the park. And primary assessment reveals that:
she is semiconscious;
has labored breathing;
and has a rapid, thready pulse
has red rash on her entire body and her face is swollen.
The first step I will take is to assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen because she feels difficulty in breathing. To keep her alive, giving oxygen to her is the first step. Other medical treatment will be provided after that.

The _____ of each spinal nerve provides sensory and motor innervation to the skin and muscles of the back.

Answers

The dorsal ramus of each spinal nerve innervates the skin and muscles of the back. It carries the information that would supply muscles and the sensation to the human back. It would carry both sensory, somatic motor and visceral motor information from the skin to the muscles of the back. 

A group of students is trying to grow a kelp plant in a tank without any others animals. They use a temperature regulation system to keep the water temperature at about 12°C. They bury the holdfast below the soil that has been enriched with nutrients and place the plant near a window in direct sunlight. However, over a few weeks the kelp plant withers and dies. Why did this happen?

Answers

Kelp is very sensitive to temperature change. Placing the plant near the window and exposing it to direct sunlight will result in continuous warming of the water in which the kelp plant is growing. Research has shown that kelp plant degrades very quickly when temperature increases due to tissue loss.

I have read the question several times and I believe "A.The kelp draws nutrients from the water rather than the soil, which it does not have available." would actually be your answer.

Although it is true that kelp is temperature sensitive, the question states that "They use a temperature regulation system to keep the water temperature at about 12°C." So even with the added addition of sunlight, I think the temperature still stays generally the same. And as long as the temperature is between 5-20 C degrees, the kelp should be okay.

However, kelp does not work the same as most land plants, kelp does not have a root system. It instead has a "holdfast" anchoring system that does not transport nutrients. So how does kelp get nutrients? From the water directly. Since the question says nothing about nutrients in the water, and directly talks about nutrients in the soil, we can assume that their is no nutrients in the water (only in the soil). Making A our answer.

I know the question is old, but this is for anyone who still needs the answer.

All the colors of visible light can be combined to form

A.black light

B.ultraviolet light

C.infrared light

D.white light

Answers

The answer is D. white light

Loamy soil is ideal for gardening because it contains

a-mostly silt with very little clay or sand.
b- mostly clay with very little silt or sand.
c-mostly sand with very little clay or silt.
d- roughly equal parts sand, clay, and silt.

Answers

Loamy soil is ideal for gardening because it contains c-mostly sand with very little clay or silt.

Loamy soil is good for gardening since this soil can retain water and nutrient, but if the water is too much it still can be drained away. The soil contains mostly sand which was bigger particle than silt and clay.

Answer:

it is not C i would try D

Explanation:

Increasing number of passes beyond 4 does not increase sensitivity of detection of pancreatic malignancy by endoscopic ultrasound–guided fine-needle aspiration

Answers

Increasing number of passes beyond 4 does not increase sensitivity of detection of pancreatic malignancy by endoscopic ultrasound–guided fine-needle aspiration.

This is an article written by contribution of many authors published in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology that is the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. In which the authors are aimed to define the yield of EUS-FNA responsible for malignancy of pancreatic mass, and to identify factors which are associated with detection of these malignancies.

After the study they found that only 4 passes of EUS-FNA are sufficient to detect malignant pancreatic masses and if the number of passes increases, it did not increase the sensitivity of detection.

The digestive system organ that passes waste to be excreted and reabsorbs water and minerals is the:

Answers

I want to say the liver and/or kidneys . . .

When something melts what does it do

Answers

When something melts, it will revert to its original form as a liquid or melt into a liquid (if liquid is not the original form)

what is the purpose of collecting data during an experiment?
a) scientists have stared purpose for collecting data
b) data serve as evidence that can support a conclusion
c) scientists must collect data before they can design the experiment
d) data are collected in order to make observations

Answers

b is the answer you have got to have evidence

The main purpose of collecting data during an experiment is to provide evidence that can support or refute a hypothesis. This collected data is analyzed to draw conclusions and forward scientific understanding, option b is correct.

The purpose of collecting data during an experiment is b) data serve as evidence that can support a conclusion. This process involves careful observation and the systematic gathering of objective data through controlled experiments or observations in the field. Data are crucial as they are analyzed using various methods to understand whether they support or refute the hypothesis. If the data support the hypothesis, the investigation moves forward; if not, the hypothesis may be revised or a new one may be tested.

Furthermore, the scientific evidence obtained from experiments is used to build or test theories, adding to the broader understanding of the scientific question at hand. The collection of data is not about making observations alone; it is about using those observations rigorously to formulate and test hypotheses in a scientific inquiry.

Which principle suggests that inherited traits contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations?

Answers

Final answer:

Natural selection is the principle that suggests advantageous inherited traits for reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to future generations, as individuals with these traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Explanation:

The principle that suggests that inherited traits contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations is known as natural selection. This concept was famously proposed by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. They recognized through observation and study that individuals within a species exhibit variations in their traits, and some of these traits provide advantages over others in terms of surviving and reproducing in their environment. Consequently, the individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and have more offspring. Over time, these advantageous traits become more prevalent in the population, leading to the evolution of the species.

At the core of natural selection are three key principles:

Most characteristics of organisms are inherited from their parents.

Resources for survival and reproduction are limited, creating competition among individuals.

Offspring vary in their inherited traits, and those variations that confer survival and reproductive advantages tend to be passed down through generations, leading to a change in the population over time. This process is also known as descent with modification.

Ultimately, natural selection is responsible for the adaptive evolution of populations, continuously shaping organisms to be more finely tuned to their environments.

A scientist is studying the action of RNA polymerase during transcription. He wants to know what type of bases are added to the growing mRNA by RNA polymerase.

Answers

A process of copying DNA sequence into messenger RNA (mRNA) is called transcription. RNA polymerase is an enzyme involved in this process. First, it binds to DNA and separates its two strands. Then, it adds ribonucleotides to the complementary nucleotides on DNA strand and, thus, it makes mRNA from DNA. Afte RNA polymerase de-attaches from DNA strand, transcription of mRNA stops and mRNA is now free. 

Answer: adds ribonucleotides to the complementary nucleotides on DNA strand

Explanation:

Transcription of rna from dna in eukaryotes requires:

Answers

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is required for transcription of RNA from DNA.

Explain how the structure of epithelium and the structure of connective tissue, specifically bone, relate to the function of the tissue

Answers

Epithelial tissue is densely packed cells that used most in the area where protection is needed. This cells mostly used in skin, some with more keratin which will increase their ability to protect. In bone, the main protective layer is calcium mineral which was deposited by osteocytes. Because this bone doesn't really need more epithelial cells. Bone tissue only needs a good vascularization and connective tissue to support it.

I believe the correct answer is they protect the tissue.

Explanation:Epithelium tissue:

The epithelium contains a layer of stacked cells called epithelial cells that are simple and form a tough layer on many surfaces and orifices of the body. They are classified according to their structures i.e. the squamous and stratified epithelium. Squamous epithelial cells line surfaces like the cheeks in the mouth and usually wear away easily in cases of abrasion. Stratified epithelial cells are usually very closely stacked together and are tougher than the squamous epithelial cells. They protect open surfaces like the lips, vagina and the anus where friction is very frequent. The cells can additionally be added with a layer of tough proteins called keratin that cover 100% of the exposed skin, hair and nails. They make the skin waterproof and tough and the cells that have them are usually the stratified epithelial cells e.g. the stratified keratinized epithelial cells.

Connective tissue:

It is one of the types of animal tissues and is very tough since it is used in support and movement where a lot of mechanics occur. It occurs between tissues i.e. linking muscles to bones and they support and also protect the body. The bone is a type of a densely packed connective tissue that is calcified. It contains the osteoblasts that deposit into the bone, the osteocytes that maintains the bone and the osteoclasts that resorb the bone. Despite the bone being tough, it can be classified into the compact and spongy bone. Spongy bone is found in articulation points of the bone and cushions the organ such as the thigh during movement such as jumping up and down. The spongy bone can also be found inside the compact bone and is porous allowing nerves and blood vessels to pass into it. The porous holes are eventually filled by the red or yellow bone marrow. The red bone marrow creates blood cells.

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Level: High School

Subject: Biology

Topic: Support and Movement

Providing energy, insulating body organs, and maintaining body temperature are functions of

Answers

Providing energy, insulating body organs, and maintaining body temperature are functions of fats.

Fat is a lipid material of various types and characteristics, it is found in adipose tissue and in other parts of the body.

In the body, fats contribute to the support of the organs, provide protection against the cold and allow the production of energy.

In addition, they fulfill various vital functions, such as serving as a structure to produce hormones and other substances and facilitate the transport of various vitamins.

Fat provides cushioning in certain areas of the body that serves as elastic mechanical protection against pressure.

Dietary fats, like other nutrients, provide energy: about 9kcal / gram, this is what is called caloric intake or calories.

Therefore, we can conclude that providing energy, insulating body organs, and maintaining body temperature are functions of fats.

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Final answer:

Adipose tissue or body fat handles the functions of providing energy, insulating body organs, and maintaining body temperature. It stores energy in the form of triglycerides, insulates the body to conserve heat and protect underlying organs.

Explanation:

The functions of providing energy, insulating body organs, and maintaining body temperature are primarily fulfilled by adipose tissue, or body fat. Adipose tissue serves as a site for long-term energy storage, where nutrients obtained from food are converted to ATP for short-term use while some are stored as triglycerides for prolonged use. Insulation comes from the form of fur, feathers, or fat in animals. In humans, it's the layer of fat that serves as insulation, keeping our bodies warm by conserving heat.

This adipose tissue, which is found in the hypodermis layer of the skin, also forms a 'cushion' protecting underlying organs from damage. Furthermore, bioenergetics in animals shows that no energy system is 100% efficient, and an animal's metabolism produces waste energy in the form of heat. But thanks to insulation provided by adipose tissue, this heat can be conserved to maintain a fairly constant body temperature.

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If a Killer whale is feeding at the fourth trophic level, how much phytoplankton mass is required to add each gram of new mass to the whale? Assume that 10% of the energy at one trophic level is transferred to the next level.
a. 1000 grams b. 100 grams c. 500 grams d. 1 gram

Answers

a. 1000 grams. 1000 is divided by ten each time it goes up the trophic scale. since it goes up 2, 3 and 4, the answer is 1000. (1000/10/10/10=1)

Which is an example of a physical change?

(a) Wood Rots
(b) a nail rusts
(c) Gasoline ignites
(d) water evaporates

Answers

Gasoline igniting doesnt change physically, wood rotting is just it getting old i guess, i would say d because its from water to vapenation. im really bad in school so im not sure but i decided to answer

the answer is water evaporation because it can still be change back to water

The ________ interconnects the third and fourth ventricles.

Answers

The answer is a cerebral aqueduct. The cerebral aqueduct is situated inside the mesencephalon and interfaces the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle in the locale of the mesencephalon and metencephalon. It contains the cerebrospinal liquid (CSF). The cerebral reservoir conduit (of Sylvius) is the structure inside the brainstem that associates the third ventricle to the fourth.
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