Answer:
Carbon
.. Both graphite snd diamond are carbon containing elements
Carbon is present in both diamond and graphite.
Explanation:The allotropes of carbon are called as Graphite and diamond. These minerals synthetically comprise of carbon molecules with various physical properties. These minerals, when all in options, are referred to be as polymorphs, having a similar kind of science, however of the different crystalline structures.
In these allotropes of carbon, the molecules comprising of carbon atoms in that of the Diamond and Graphite, are bound together by solid covalent bonds with various courses of action.
Valuable stone and graphite have move structures which speak to their assorted properties, and both are unadulterated carbon. In any case, the graphite's particles join to the three atoms of carbon and get related with the plates that are parallel to one another. The particles of Diamond enter the four atoms of carbon in an outline.
How many moles of NH3 DOES it take to make 8.0 moles of H2O according to the reaction shown, 4NH3 + 5O2 yields 4NO + 6H2O A)8.0 mol B) 3.5 mol C) 12.0 mol D) 5.3 mol
Answer:
The answer is 5.3 because when looking at the moles produced from the coefficient from the balanced equation all you have to do is make the 6 on the left equal 8. IN order to do that you multiply by 1 and 1/3, then do that to the number 4 to get 5.3
Explanation:
How many moles of helium are 8.84×1024 atoms of He?
Answer:
14.68 moles of He
Explanation:
To do this, just remember Avogadro's Constant or Avogadro's number. This constant tells us how many units ( in this case atoms) there are in a mole of ANY type of substance.
Avogadro's constant is 6.022140857 × 10²³ units per mole.
Now that we know how many atoms there are in 1 mole, we can use this as our conversion factor.
8.84 x 10²⁴ atoms of He → moles of He
[tex]8.84\times10^{24} atoms of He\times\dfrac{1moleofHe}{6.022140857\times10^{23}atomsofHe}=14.68molesofHe[/tex]
So the answer would be:
14.68 moles of He
Which type of reaction happens when a base is mixed with an acid
nutrition reaction or saline reaction because these reactions generate salts , such as:
HCl + NaOH==>NaCl + H2O
iodine sublimes by turning from a solid to a vapor when heated. a 100g sample of solid i2 is put in an empty rigid 10 l container and heated to 325k. when al the solid i2 vaporizes what is the pressure(in atm) in the container
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{\text{1.05 atm}}[/tex]
Explanation:
We can use the Ideal Gas Law to calculate the pressure.
pV = nRT Divide both sides by V
p = (nRT)/V
p = (m/M)(RT/V) = (mRT)/(MV)
Data:
m = 100 g
R = 0.082 06 L·atm·K⁻¹mol⁻¹
T = 325 K
M = 253.81 g·mol⁻¹
V = 10 L
Calculations:
p = (100 × 0.082 06× 325)/(253.81 × 10) = 1.05 atm
The pressure in the container is [tex]\boxed{\text{1.05 atm}}[/tex].
When production first began some eighty years ago, ammonia production relied upon the direct reaction between gaseous hydrogen and nitrogen called the Haber process: 3 H2(g) + N2(g) ⇀↽ 2 NH3(g) ∆H = −92.2 kJ Decreasing the temperature of an equilibrated reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen will 1. increase the velocity of the gas molecules. 2. produce more ammonia. 3. increase the kinetic energy of the gas molecules. 4. produce less ammonia. 5. have no effect.
Answer:
Option 2. Produce more ammonia.Explanation:
The influence of temperature in equilibrium reactions can be predicted from the heat (enthalpy) information.
This is the chemical reaction:
3 H₂ (g) + N₂(g) ⇄ 2 NH₃(g) ∆H = −92.2 kJThe information about the enthalpy of the reaction, ∆H = − 92.2 kJ, indicates that energy (heat) has been released to the surroundings (the products of the forward reaction have less energy than the reactants), which is defined as an exothermic reaction.
Then, you can rewrite the equaition in the form:
3 H₂ (g) + N₂(g) ⇄ 2 NH₃(g) + 92.2 kJThis is, the heat can be seen as a product of the direct reaction (or a reactant of the reverse reaction).
Now, it is quite straight to apply Le Chatelier's principle:
a) Decreasing temperature is equivalent to extract heat or having less heat on the left side.
b) Then, the equilibrium must shift in a way that this lack of heat is compensated. Then, the reaction will shift to the right to produce more heat.
As conclusion, you can tell that in exothermic reactions, a decrase in temperature will cause the equilibrium to shift to the right.
This shift, of course, means the production of more ammonia.
The other choices are discarded following this brief reasoning:
1. increase the velocity of the gas molecules: the average velocity of the particles increases when the average kinetic energy increases, and the average kinetic energy will decrease if the temperature decreases. So, this statement is false.
3. increase the kinetic energy of the gas molecules: no, the average kinetic energy is proportional to the temperature, then reducing the temperature decreasese the average kinetic energy.
4. produce less ammonia: it was shown that reducing the temperature will produce more ammonia.
5. have no effect: no, it does have effect, as shown.
In the Haber process of ammonia production, when the reaction temperature is decreased, more ammonia is produced due to the exothermic nature of the reaction following Le Chatelier's Principle. The velocity and kinetic energy of the gas molecules decrease. Real-world ammonia production also accounts for pressure and catalyst factors.
Explanation:The reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia, otherwise known as the Haber process, is an exothermic process, meaning it releases heat. As per Le Chatelier's principle, lowering the temperature of an exothermic reaction at equilibrium favors the production of more products. Therefore, decreasing the temperature of the hydrogen and nitrogen reaction will produce more ammonia (option 2).
Simultaneously, as we decrease the temperature, the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules decreases and, hence, the speed of the gas molecules also decreases. Therefore, the statement that decreasing the temperature will increase the velocity of the gas molecules (option 1) and increase the kinetic energy of the gas molecules (option 3) are incorrect. The option that decreasing the temperature will have no effect (option 5) is also incorrect in this scenario.
In real-world applications, the production of ammonia via the Haber process is influenced by pressure and temperature changes, and also by the usage of a catalyst to overcome the reaction's slow rate at lower temperatures.
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What is the wavelength of light that has a frequency of 2.85 x 10^14 Hz [c=3.00 x 10^8]
Answer:
1.05 x 10^-6
Explanation:
Lambda = c / f
f if frequency
c is intensity of light
lambda = 3 x 10^8 / 2.85 x 10^14
= 1.05 x 10 ^-6
A type of spectroscopy used to analyze pigments in a painting is:
a. ultraviolet absorption
b. microwave emission
c. X-ray fluorescence
d. Infrared absorption
e. color phosphorescence
I would say the answer is D
Paint samples received by forensic laboratories are usually in the form of small chips or smears. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is one of the most commonly used tools available for the analysis of these types of samples and serves as a staple comparative technique in the assessment of whether or not a questioned sample could have come from a suspected object
The most direct way to probe the vibrational frequencies of a molecule is through infrared spectroscopy. This is because vibrational transitions typically require an amount of energy that corresponds to the infrared region of the spectrum. Raman spectroscopy, which typically uses visible light, can also be used to directly measure vibration frequencies.
Answer:
d) Infrared absorption
Explanation:
Spectroscopy involves the study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. The electromagnetic spectrum is essentially a composite of photons of different wavelengths and frequencies; from the low wavelength gamma rays to the high wavelength radio waves.
The pigments in a painting are organic compounds which can be easily identified via Infrared spectroscopy. When a beam of infrared light (photons in the 700 nm-1000 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum) is passed through the painting, photons of particular wavelengths or energy which are in resonance with the molecular vibrations of the pigment molecules get absorbed whereas the rest of the IR radiation is reflected and directed onto a detector. A plot intensity of the reflected IR light vs wavelength corresponds to the IR spectrum which is unique to a particular chemical substance. Thus, various pigments in a painting that have IR active features can be identified by this method.
Which description correctly characterizes the acidity or basicity of a solution? The higher the pH is, the more the hydroxide ion concentration decreases and the more acidic the solution becomes. The higher the pH is, the more the hydroxide ion concentration increases and the more basic the solution becomes. The lower the pH is, the more the hydronium ion concentration decreases and the more acidic the solution becomes. The lower the pH is, the more the hydronium ion concentration increases and the more basic the solution becomes.
Answer:
The higher the pH is, the more the hydroxide ion concentration increases and the more basic the solution becomes.
Explanation:
When the pH of a solution is less than 7, then solution is called acidic and as the pH decreases the concentration of Hydronium ion increases.When the pH is about 7, then the solution is said to be neutral. On the other hand, when the pH is greater than 7, the solution is is said to be basic and as the pH increases the concentration of Hydroxide ions increases.Therefore, An acidic solution has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions compared to the concentration of hydroxide ions.Answer:
B
Explanation:
A population of gray foxes lives in a forest ecosystem. These foxes prey mostly on a large population of mice. If a fatal disease infects the mouse population, which of these is most likely to happen to the fox population through time?
Answer and Explanation:
Answer: C. An increase in food availability increases the birth rate in the population.
Explanation:
The conveying limit of a biological system can be characterized as the greatest size of a populace of an animal types an environment can uphold based on accessibility of assets, for example, food, water, living space and different necessities.
An increase in food availability increases the birth rate in the population
is the right choice in light of the fact that to build the populace till the conveying limit there should be excess stock of food ought to be accessible to the populace which can uphold in expansion in birth rate so the populace can achieve a level at the conveying limit.
Identify which one is the oxidizing agent in this reaction:
2 KNO3 (s) → 2 KNO2 (s) + O2 (g)
Show ALL work.
Answer:
Nitrogen atom
Explanation:
Oxidation and reduction in a equation can be shown using oxidation numbers.Oxidation number of Oxygen in KNO3 is -2 while in O2 is 0; this indicates reduction.Oxidation number of Nitrogen (N) in KNO3 is + 5, while in KNO2 is +3 , this indicates oxidation.Hence;
Nitrogen has undergone reduction while oxygen has undergone oxidation and therefore, nitrogen is the oxidizing agent and oxygen is the reducing agent.how does photosynthesis in the biosphere impact the atmosphere
Answer:The biosphere is all life on our planet. ... The impact on climate is mainly due to the connection between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Processes such as photosynthesis and respiration naturally affect the concentrations of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Explanation:
In photosynthesis, plants constantly absorb and release atmospheric gases in a way that creates sugar for food. Carbon dioxide goes in the plant's cells; oxygen comes out. Without sunlight and plants, the Earth would become an inhospitable place unable to support air-breathing animals and people.
Which solution will change red litmus to blue?
A: NaCl
B: CH3COOH
C: KOH
D: HCl
in which of the following cases will there be precipitation
A)QB)Q=Ksp
C)Q<D)Q>Ksp
Answer:
I think D
Explanation:
Q > Ksp, there are more ions in solution than are necessary for saturation. This is a supersaturated solution (i.e There is a tendency for the extra solute to precipitate).
What would be the composition and ph of an ideal buffer prepared from lactic acid (ch3chohco2h), where the hydrogen atom highlighted in boldface is the acidic hydrogen atom? the ka value for lactic acid is 1.38 ?? 10???4.\?
c= 1.4 X [tex]10^-^4[/tex] is the composition and ph of an ideal buffer prepared from lactic acid ([tex]CH_3CHOHCO_2H[/tex]), where the hydrogen atom highlighted in boldface is the acidic hydrogen atom.
What is a buffer solution?A buffer is a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components.
Equilibrium equation
[tex]C_3H_6O_3[/tex] ⇄[tex]C_3H_5O_3^-[/tex] +[tex]H^+[/tex]
Assuming a degree of dissociation [tex]\alpha[/tex] =[tex]\frac{1}{10}[/tex]
And the initial concentration of [tex]C_3H_6O_3[/tex] =c
At equlibrium ;
Concentration of [tex]C_3H_6O_3[/tex] = [tex]c - c\alpha[/tex]
[tex]C_3H_5O_3^-[/tex] = [tex]c\alpha[/tex]
[[tex]H^+[/tex]] = [tex]c\alpha[/tex]
[tex]Ka =\frac{c\alpha X c\alpha }{c-c\alpha }[/tex]
[tex]\alpha[/tex] is very small so 1-[tex]\alpha[/tex] can be neglected and the equation is;
[tex]Ka = c\alpha X \alpha[/tex]
[H^+] = [tex]c\alpha[/tex] =[tex]\frac{k\alpha }{\alpha }[/tex]
pH = -log [[tex]H^+[/tex]]
pH = -log[tex]Ka[/tex] +log [tex]\alpha[/tex]
[tex]Ka[/tex] = 1.38 X [tex]10^{-4}[/tex]
[tex]\alpha[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{10}[/tex]
pH = 3.86 -1
pH =2.86
Composition ;
C=[tex]\frac{1}{\alpha }[/tex] X [tex][H^+][/tex]
[tex][H^+][/tex] =0.0014
c= 0.0014 X [tex]\frac{1}{10}[/tex]
c= 1.4 X [tex]10^-^4[/tex]
Hence, c= 1.4 X [tex]10^-^4[/tex] is the composition and ph of an ideal buffer prepared from lactic acid ([tex]CH_3CHOHCO_2H[/tex]), where the hydrogen atom highlighted in boldface is the acidic hydrogen atom.
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An ideal buffer composed of lactic acid involves a mixture of lactic acid and its conjugate base, usually in equal molar amounts. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the resulting pH will be close to 3.86, which is the pKa value of lactic acid.
The composition and pH of an ideal buffer prepared from lactic acid (CH3CHOHCO2H), would involve a mixture of lactic acid and its conjugate base, sodium lactate (CH3CHOHCO2Na). By using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]), where pKa is the negative logarithm of Ka and [A-]/[HA] represents the ratio of the concentration of the conjugate base to the acid, we can determine the pH. For an ideal buffer, the ratio should be close to 1:1 to maintain a pH close to the pKa of lactic acid.
As an example, assume a student has mixed an equal number of moles (not necessary for equal weights as molar masses differ) of lactic acid and sodium lactate. In this case, since the pKa of lactic acid is 3.86, the resulting buffer would ideally have a pH close to 3.86, given that the concentrations of lactic acid and sodium lactate are similar after mixing.
Words to equation and balancing
Answer:
Pb(NO₃)₂ ₍aq₎ + 2 KI ₍aq₎ ------------> PbI₂ ₍s₎ + 2 KNO₃ ₍aq₎
Explanation:
Chemical Equation:
lead(II) nitrate: Pb(NO₃)₂
potassium iodide: KI
lead(II) iodide: PbI₂
Potassium nitrate: KNO₃
Pb(NO₃)₂ ₍aq₎ + KI ₍aq₎ ------------> PbI₂ ₍s₎ + KNO₃ ₍aq₎
Balancing the equation:
For balancing the equation all atoms of the elements on both sides of equation i.e reactants and products are equal.
So balancing the above equation we get:
Pb(NO₃)₂ ₍aq₎ + 2 KI ₍aq₎ ------------> PbI₂ ₍s₎ + 2 KNO₃ ₍aq₎
What is the molarity of a solution prepared by mixing 12.5 G of FeCl3 in enough water to make 300 mL of solution?
Answer:0.256 M
Explanation: Molarity (M)= (mass/molar mass)(1000/Volume in mL)
M= 12.5x1000/162.2x300=0.256 M
The molarity of the FeCl₃ solution, convert the mass of FeCl₃ to moles, convert the solution volume to liters, and then divide the moles by the volume. The molarity of the FeCl₃ solution is 0.257 M.
The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the number of moles of the solute by the volume of the solution in liters. First, we need to convert the mass of FeCl₃ to moles by using its molar mass. Once we have the moles, we can divide by the volume of the solution in liters to find the molarity.
Steps to Calculate Molarity:
Calculate the molar mass of FeCl₃: (55.845 g/mol Fe) + (3 times 35.453 g/mol Cl) = 162.204 g/mol.
Convert the mass of FeCl₃ to moles: 12.5 g \/ 162.204 g/mol = 0.07710 moles.
Convert the volume of the solution to liters: 300 mL = 0.300 L.
Divide the moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters to find the molarity: 0.07710 moles \/ 0.300 L = 0.257 M.
Therefore, the molarity of the FeCl₃ solution is 0.257 M.
How do atoms achieve noble-gas electron configurations in single covalent bonds?
Answer:
Noble gases are the only type of element that are chemically inert, that is, they do not normally undergo chemical reactions with other elements under normal circumstances, this is because they are chemically stable. Their stability is as a result of the eight valence electrons that they have in their outermost shells.
Other elements usually try to attain the stability found in noble gases by undergoing chemical reactions and by forming different types of bonds with other elements. One of the chemical bonds that are usually formed is covalent bond. In simple covalent bond, two elements usually donate one electron each, the two electrons donated are then shared equally by the two of them in order to ensure that each one has eight electrons in its outermost shell.
Atoms achieve noble-gas electron configurations in single covalent bonds through the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Explanation:Atoms achieve noble-gas electron configurations in single covalent bonds through the sharing of electrons between atoms.
In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms, and generally, each atom contributes one or more electrons to the bond. The shared electrons are attracted by the nuclei of both atoms, resulting in a stable electron configuration.
For example, in a double covalent bond between two oxygen atoms (O=O), each oxygen atom contributes two electrons, resulting in a shared configuration that resembles the noble gas, neon.
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A tank has a total pressure of 285 kPa and contains Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, and Neon. If Neon has a partial pressure of 14 kPa, carbon dioxide is 13 kPa, and Oxygen has a partial pressure of 157 kPa, what is the partial pressure of Hydrogen?
Answer:
Lets the total pressure is Pt and the individual gases are designated as pH2, pCO2, pNe, pO2.
Pt = pCO2+ pNe+pO2+ pH2
285KPa = 13 KPa+ 14 KPa + 157 KPa +pH2
Now add the partial pressure of CO2, Ne and O2 which is equal to 184 KPa.
285 KPa = 184 KPa + pH2
Now subtract the individual pressure of each gas from thje total pressure.
285 KPa - 184 KPa = pH2
101 KPa = pH2
The partial pressure of hydrogen is 101 KPa.
How many functional groups are in the compound?
Four
Two
Three
One
Answer:
Two functional groups
Explanation:
We have the carboxylic group and the amine group.
The COOH group to the left is the alkanoic acid/carboxylic acid group..
The NH₂ to the right is the amino functional group.
The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the
the law of thermodyanamic is the restatement of the law of conservation of energy
Drag each tile to the correct location on the image.
Use the periodic table to write the electron configuration of selenium (Se).
s
p
d
1
2
3
4
6
10
Answer:
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4
Explanation:
Answer: The electronic configuration of selenium is [tex][Ar]4s^23d^{10}4p^4[/tex]
Explanation:
Electronic configuration is the representation of electrons that are present in an element.
Selenium is the element which is present in Group 16 and has an atomic number of 34.
Atomic number is defined as the number of protons or number of electrons present in an atom.
The number of electrons present in this element is 34.
So, the electronic configuration of selenium = [tex]Se:[Ar]4s^23d^{10}4p^4[/tex]
If a solid line represents a covalent bond and a dotted line represents intermolecular attraction, which of these choices shows a hydrogen bond? check all that apply
Answer:
the dotted line showing the intermolecular attraction
Explanation:
Which of the following is an example of a combustion reaction?
A. Mixing of acid and base
B. Photosynthesis in plants
C. Lighting of a matchstick
D. Reacting sodium and chlorine
Answer:
Option c = Lighting of matchstick
Explanation:
The lightning of match stick is combustion reaction. The chemical potassium chlorate, glue, sulfur and starch is present on the tip of match stick. When the match stick catch the fire combustion process occur and heat is released.
Photosynthesis in plant:
It is the reaction in which plants used the carbon dioxide and water and convert it into sugar and oxygen in the presence of light.
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Mixing of acid and base:
When an acid react with base it form the salt and water. The reaction is also called neutralization reaction because both neutralize each other.
In neutralization reaction equal amount of acid and base react to neutralize each other and equal amount of water and salt are formed. When pH does not reach to 7 its means there is less amount of one of reactant which is not fully neutralize.
Reacting of sodium and chlorine
The reaction of sodium and chlorine is the formation of ionic compound. It is formed by the complete transfer of electron from sodium to chlorine atom and form ionic bond. In this ionic compound sodium carry positive charge and chlorine carry negative charge there is attraction between these oppositely charged atoms.
Answer:
lighting of a match stick
Explanation:
In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties?A) O, S, SeB) S, Se, SiC) N, O, FD) Ne, Na, MgE) Na, Mg, K
Answer:
A. O, S, Se
Explanation:
If you look up Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S) and Selenium (Se) in the periodic table, you will see that these three fall under the same column. In the periodic table, elements are arranged in rows and columns. Columns are called groups. The elements that fall under the same group share similar chemical properties.
The elements given above are all in Group VIA or group 16.
Fluorine-18, which has a half-life of 110 min, is used in PET scans.
a. If 100. mg of fluorine-18 is shipped at 8:00 a.m., how many milligrams of the radioisotope are still active after 110 min?
b. If 100. mg of fluorine-18 is shipped at 8:00 a.m., how many milligrams of the radioisotope are still active when the sample arrives at the radiology laboratory at 1:30 p.m.?
Answer:
Part a. 50.0 mgPart b. 12.5 mgExplanation:
For every hal-life time the amount of the radioisotope (fluorine-18) will be cut to half.
Part a.
Since the half-life of fluorine-18 is 110 min, ater this very time, half of the fluorine-18 is still alive, i.e 100. mg / 2 = 50.0 mg. ← answer
Part b.
Compute the time elapsed from 8:00 am, when the fluorine-18 is shipped, to 1:30 pm, when the sample arrives at teh radiology laboratory.
1:30 pm - 8:00 am = 5 hours and 30 minutesConvert to minutes+ 5×60 + 30 = 330 minCompute the number of half-lives in 330 min:
330 min / 110 min per half-life = 3 half-lives.Conclusion:
the radiosotope has been reduced to half 3 times 100.0 mg × (1/2) × (1/2) × (1/2) = 100.0 mg × (1/2)³ = 100.0 mg / 8 = 12.5 mgHence, 12.5 mg of the radioisotope are still alive ← answerAfter one half-life of 110 minutes, 50mg of the 100mg of Fluorine-18 would remain. After the time interval of 5 hours and 30 minutes or 330 minutes, which constitutes three half-lives, the remaining active Fluorine-18 would be 12.5mg.
Explanation:In the case of Fluorine-18, the half-life is 110 minutes. This essentially means that half of the original amount of the radioisotope will decay and become inactive in 110 minutes.
a. If 100mg of Fluorine-18 is shipped at 8:00 a.m., after 110 minutes (or 1 hour and 50 minutes), at 9:50 a.m., half of the original amount, 50mg, will still be active.
b. If 100mg of Fluorine-18 is shipped at 8:00 a.m., and it arrives at the radiology laboratory at 1:30 p.m., this is 5 hours and 30 minutes, or 330 minutes later. As the half-life is 110 minutes, this period encompasses three half-lives (330/110). Starting with 100mg, after one half-life it would be 50mg, after the next it would be halved to 25mg, and after the third it would be 12.5mg remaining active.
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More gas will dissolve in a liquid if you:
a. increase the size of the container opening
b. use a glass container rather than a metal container
c. decrease the pressure over the liquid
d. raise the temperature of the liquid
e. lower the temperature of the liquid
its c take the pressure away
The study of chemicals and bonds is called chemistry. There are different types of elements and these are metals and nonmetals.
The correct answer is option C which decreases the pressure over the liquid.
What is solubility?The mixing of solute in the solvent is called solubility.
Solubility of solute depends on these factors and these are:-
PressureTemperatureAccording to the question, solubility increases when the pressure in liquid decreases.
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Rutherford created a planetary model for atoms after his experiments. Imagine if Rutherford's idea that electrons radiate energy while orbiting around a nucleus was true. Which other model or scientific idea would have been strengthened by this? Bohr's model of the atom would have been strengthened because Bohr proposed that the energy of electrons is continuous. Bohr's model of the atom would have been strengthened because Bohr proposed that electrons can have only certain energy values. The idea that atoms are unstable would have been strengthened because the orbiting electron would lose energy and fall into the nucleus. The idea that atoms are unstable would be strengthened because the orbiting electron would absorb energy while moving and escape the pull from the nucleus.
The idea that atoms are unstable would have been strengthened because the orbiting electron would lose energy and fall into the nucleus.
Answer:
The idea that atoms are unstable would have been strengthened because the orbiting electron would lose energy and fall into the nucleus.
Explanation:
Based on classical mechanics an electron would spiral and fall on the nucleus thus collapsing the atom. But it was quantum mechanics that proposed that electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus. Electrons absorb a definite quantum of energy and move from a lower state to an excited state. Also electrons release a definite quantum of energy and move from excited to more stable state.
Can someone explain what each of the answer choices will do to the equilibrium? Shiftwise?
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{\text{(B)}}[/tex]
Explanation:
CaF₂(s) ⇌ Ca²⁺(aq) + F⁻(aq); ΔH > 0
According to Le Châtelier's Principle, when a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will respond in a way that tends to relieve the stress.
Let's consider each of the stresses in turn.
(A) Evaporating some of the water
The concentrations of the ions will increase, so calcium fluoride will precipitate out to remove the stress (the Ca²⁺ and F⁻ ions). The position of equilibrium does not shift, and [Ca²⁺] stays the same.
(B) Adding HNO₃
HF is a weak acid, so F⁻ is a relatively strong base. The added HNO₃ will convert the F⁻ ions to HF, removing them from solution. More CaF₂ will dissolve to replace the F⁻ ions, and this will add more Ca²⁺ ions as well. The position of equilibrium will shift to the right, and [Ca²⁺] will increase.
(C) Adding NaNO₃(aq)
There is no common ion, so NaNO₃ will have no effect. The added water will dilute the solution and decrease the concentrations of the ions. However, more CaF₂ will dissolve to increase the concentrations. The position of equilibrium does not shift, and [Ca²⁺] stays the same.
(D) Adding NaF
This is the common ion effect. F⁻ is the common ion. The added NaF will dissolve, increasing the concentration of F⁻ ions. More CaF₂ will precipitate to remove the added F⁻ ions, but it removes Ca²⁺ ions at the same time. The position of equilibrium shifts to the left, and [Ca²⁺] decreases.
Assign oxidation numbers for the following:
P2O5
(SO4)2-
KClO3
NH4Cl
(NH4)2S
Show all the steps, please.
Answer:
1. P₂O₅ → oxidation number of phosphorous is +5 and Oxygen is -2.
2. (SO₄)²⁻ → oxidation number of sulfur is +6 and Oxygen is -2.
3. KClO₃ → oxidation number of Potassium is +1, Chlorine is +5, and Oxygen is -2.
4. NH₄Cl → oxidation number of Nitrogen is -3, Hydrogen is +1, and Chlorine is -1
5. (NH₄)₂S → oxidation number of Nitrogen is -3, Hydrogen is +1, and Sulfur is -2
Explanation:
General Rules for assigning oxidation numbers
The oxidation number of a free element is always 0.
The oxidation number of a mono-atomic ion equals the charge of the ion.
The alkali metals (group I) always have an oxidation number of +1.
The alkaline earth metals (group II) are always assigned an oxidation number of +2.
Oxygen almost always has an oxidation number of -2, except in peroxides (H₂O₂) where it is -1 and in compounds with fluorine (OF₂) where it is +2.
Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 when combined with non-metals, but it has an oxidation number of -1 when combined with metals.
The algebraic sum of the oxidation numbers of elements in a compound is zero.
The algebraic sum of the oxidation states in an ion is equal to the charge on the ion.
Using the above rules:
1. P₂O₅
∵ it is a neutral compound its total charge is 0.
Also, we know that oxygen has an oxidation number of -2.
Let oxidation number of P be x
∴ 2(x)+5(-2)=0 → 2x=+10 → x=+5
∴oxidation number of phosphorous is +5.
2. SO₄²⁻:
∵ it is a charged ion its total charge is -2.
Also, we know that oxygen has an oxidation number of -2.
Let oxidation number of S be x
∴ (x)+4(-2)= -2 → x=+6
∴oxidation number of sulfur is +6.
3. KClO₃:
∵ it is a neutral compound its total charge is 0.
Also, we know that oxygen has an oxidation number of -2 and the oxidation number of K (group I) is +1
Let oxidation number of Cl be x
∴ (+1) + (x) + 3(-2) = 0 → x=+5
∴oxidation number of Chlorine is +5.
4. NH₄Cl:
∵ it is a neutral compound its total charge is 0.
Also, we know that chloride has an oxidation number of -1
Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 when combined with non-metals
Let oxidation number of N be x
∴ (x) + 4(+1) + (-1) = 0 → x=-3
∴oxidation number of Nitrogen is -3.
5. (NH₄)₂S:
∵ it is a neutral compound its total charge is 0.
Also, we know that chloride has an oxidation number of -1
Ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) has an oxidation number of +1
Let oxidation number of N be x
∴ 2(+1) + (x) = 0 → x= -2
∴oxidation number of sulfur is -2.
which of the following bases could you write an equilibrium expression for?
A)NaOH
B)KOH
C)NH3
D)Ba(OH)2
D. I hope you have a good morning
- Josie Annette