Explain how the term translation applies to the synthesis of proteins from dna instructions
Final answer:
Translation refers to the stage in gene expression where the sequence of mRNA, transcribed from DNA, is decoded by ribosomes to build a protein through the sequential addition of amino acids by tRNA molecules. It occurs in the cytoplasm and is a pivotal process for cell function, as errors can lead to various diseases.
Explanation:
Translation is the process of protein synthesis where the sequence of nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded into a sequence of amino acids to form a protein. This critical biological process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell at the ribosomes, which are complex molecular machines made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. The genetic instructions for building proteins are encoded in the DNA. During translation, these instructions are transcribed into mRNA, which travels from the nucleus to the ribosomes. Here, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules facilitate the assembly of amino acids into polypeptides based on the sequence of codons on the mRNA. Successful translation is vital for cell function, as it directly affects the production of proteins necessary for the organism's growth, repair, and regulation.
The mRNA is composed of codons, which are three-nucleotide sequences that specify particular amino acids. There are 64 possible codons, covering all 20 standard amino acids and providing instruction for the start and stop of the translation process. Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid and has an anticodon that pairs with the corresponding codon on the mRNA. The ribosome moves along the mRNA, and tRNAs bring amino acids in the correct order to create the protein as dictated by the mRNA sequence. Protein synthesis is a two-step process that begins with transcription in the nucleus and concludes with translation in the cytoplasm.
Errors in translation can lead to the production of malfunctioning proteins and may result in hereditary and age-related diseases. Hence, the accuracy of translation is critical for maintaining the integrity of protein functions in an organism.
What is air pressure? A. Earth's gravity pulling down on air molecules. B. Constant collisions between air molecules due to their high energy C. The result of air being confined to a particular volume in the atmosphere D. The Sun's gravity pulling on Earth's atmosphere
Answer:
Earth's gravity pulling down on air molecules.
Explanation:
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Blood returning from the body (systemic circulation) first enters which chamber of the heart?
which elements are in the substance that makes up about 60% of the male human body?
Answer:
(Hydrogen and oxygen elements) are in the substance that makes up about 60% of the male human body.
Explanation:
Oxygen and hydrogen together form water, and water is considered as the most important solvent present in the male body which maintains or controls the temperature and osmotic pressure.
Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen which is absorbed by the cell for the proper functioning of the body, it acts as a fuel for the male body.
Thus About 65% of oxygen and 10% hydrogen found in water, which makes up about 60% of the male human body weight.
Condition without pulse (loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function -
e.g., choking, drowning, carbon monoxide poisoning, suffocation)
The sequence that best illustrates the flow of energy through an ecosystem is
(1) sunlight → plant → wolf → rabbit
(2) plant → sunlight → rabbit → wolf
(3) sunlight → plant → rabbit → wolf
(4) wolf → rabbit → plant → sunlight
During development a cleft palate forms when which bones fail to meet along the midline of the hard palate? during development a cleft palate forms when which bones fail to meet along the midline of the hard palate? ethmoid temporal zygomatic maxillae sphenoid
During the development of a baby, a cleft palate may form if the maxillary/maxillae bones fail to meet along the midline of the hard palate. It is the bone forming the midface which it forms the inferior orbital margin and contains the teeth and maxillary sinus. The palatine process the shelf of the bone that projects horizontally to meet at the midline in the intermaxillary suture which that is paired or connect together. They form the roof of the oral cavity or the hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity and the incisive foramen opening in the midline, posterior to the maxillae incisor teeth which transmits to the terminal branches of both nasopalatine & sphenopalatine. It marks the point of the union during the development of the primary and secondary palate.
During development, a cleft palate occurs when the horizontal plates of the palatine bones and the palatine processes of the maxillae do not meet and fuse along the midline of the hard palate.
Explanation:A cleft palate forms during development when there is a failure in the fusion of certain skull bones. Specifically, the condition occurs when the horizontal plates of the palatine bones and the palatine processes of the maxillae fail to meet and fuse along the midline of the hard palate.
The hard palate is an essential bony structure that separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity, and its formation is crucial for separating these two cavities. A cleft palate results in an opening that allows communication between the oral and nasal cavities, leading to difficulties with suckling in infants and potential malnutrition unless surgically corrected.
Chemical reaction equations, such as the one for photosynthesis, show the reactants and products of a reaction. How does this simplification misrepresent what takes place during the process of photosynthesis?
Explanation:
Hello! Let's solve this!
Photosynthesis is the process by which, with the use of solar energy and by means of chloroplasts containing chlorophyll, plants transform that energy, with the help of carbon dioxide and water, into chemical energy for the plant.
To be more precise, the reaction is:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
reagents: carbon dioxide, water and solar energy
products: glucose, oxygen that is released into the environment
Why are habitats limited resources? how might their destruction affect the long-term survival of species?
One modification of the small intestine that increases the surface area is ____.
Sodium and potassium ions are essential for muscle contractions of the heart. The ions are transported using a pump, which obtains energy by the breaking of . This action requires the expense of energy. So, sodium and potassium ions are transported using . NextReset
Answer:
The ions are transported with the help of sodium-potassium pump that obtains energy by the breaking of ATP. This form of transportation is known as active transport.
Explanation:
In the active form of transportation, energy is needed to mediate the ions of sodium and potassium against the concentration gradient. There are two forms of active transport, that is, primary active transport and secondary active transport. In primary active transport energy in the form of ATP is used directly to conduct ions across a membrane, and in secondary active transport, no direct coupling of ATP takes place, however, in this energy is obtained due to the pumping of protons across the membrane.
To ensure sound nutrition, the mother's diet during pregnancy should include:
The four components of cardiorespiratory training do not include weight. type. frequency. time.
The correct option is A i.e. weight
The four components of cardiorespiratory training are Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type. Therefore, weight is not included among these components.
The four components of cardiorespiratory training are described using the F.I.T.T. principle, which stands for Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type.
In the context of this principle, the correct choice for the component that does not belong is weight.
Here's a quick rundown of each element:
Frequency refers to how often you perform the exercise, for example, 3 days a week.Intensity relates to how hard you work during the exercise session, like moderate or vigorous intensity.Time denotes the duration of each exercise session, such as 30 minutes per session.Type describes the kind of exercise you do, like running, cycling, or swimming.The complete question is:
The four components of cardiorespiratory training do not include
a. weight
b. type
c. frequency
d. time
What do scientists call information collected from observations?
models
inquiry
simulations
data
How do conservation tillage practices in agriculture benefit the soil?
a.
They increase soil erosion rates.
b.
They decrease water absorption.
c.
They decrease water storage.
d.
They increase soil nutrient levels
Answer:
D. They increase soil nutrient levels
What are the main functions of the small intestine?
Answer:
The main function of the small intestine is absorption of nutrients and minerals.
Explanation:
which of the following is part of the cell theory
All cells are produced from other cells
All cells are the same.
cells are independent structures
Cells are able to make new organisms.
The part of the cell theory among the given options is All cells are produced from other cells.
The correct option is A
The cell theory is a fundamental principle in biology that describes the basic properties and functions of cells. It consists of three main principles: All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.
All cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division. The statement "All cells are produced from other cells" aligns with the third principle of the cell theory. It emphasizes that new cells are generated through the process of cell division, where existing cells divide to produce daughter cells. This principle applies to all forms of cellular life and is a cornerstone of our understanding of cellular reproduction and the continuity of life.
Hence , B is the correct option
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The higher plant type that carries its seeds in cones is the ________.
The higher plant type that carries its seeds in cones is the gymnosperm. Any vascular plant that imitates by methods for an uncovered seed, or ovule—not at all like angiosperms, or blossoming plants, whose seeds are encased by develop ovaries, or organic products.
Reduced vitamin b12 absorption from the small intestine due to reduced intrinsic factor production in the stomach results in condition called
People feel happier in the presence of happy people than in the presence of depressed people. this is known as:
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A science student creates this table contrasting the four outer planets.
Where is the error in the student’s table?
A.The planet sizes are switched.
B.The rotation speed of Uranus and Saturn are switched.
C.The rotation speed of Jupiter and Saturn are switched.
D.The atmospheric compositions are switched.
Answer: The correct answer is Option C.
Explanation:
There are 4 outer planets in Our solar system which is Jupiter, Saturn , Uranus and Neptune.
Jupiter: The size of this planet is the largest of all the outer planets. The rotational period of this planet is 9 hrs 54 min and its atmosphere is mainly made up of Helium and Hydrogen.
Saturn: The size of this planet is the second largest of all the outer planets. The rotational period of this planet is 10 hrs 42 min and its atmosphere is made up of Hydrogen and Helium.
Uranus: The size of this planet is the third largest of all the outer planets. The rotational period of this planet is 17 hrs 12 min and its atmosphere is made up of Methane gas.
Neptune: The size of this planet is the smallest of all the outer planets. The rotational period of this planet is 16 hrs 6 min and its atmosphere is made up of Methane gas.
Order of size of the planets: Jupiter > Saturn > Uranus > Neptune
Order of rotation period of the planets: Uranus > Neptune > Saturn > Jupiter.
Jupiter has the fastest and Uranus has the slowest rotation.
Hence, the answer to this question is Option C.
The resting cell normally has a net negative charge with respect to the outside of the cell. what is this state called?
The resting cell's net negative charge state compared to its exterior is known as the resting membrane potential, typically around -70 mV, maintained by the sodium-potassium pump and selective ion permeability.
Explanation:The state when a resting cell has a net negative charge in comparison to the outside is called the resting membrane potential. This potential, typically around -70 millivolts (-70 mV), is due to the differential distribution of ions, particularly sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+), across the cell membrane. The neuron’s resting potential is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump and the selective permeability of ion channels, which allow for a greater efflux of K+ compared to the influx of Na+. This imbalance results in the excess of negative charges inside the cell.
The resting membrane potential is essential for functions like the conduction of nerve impulses, which begins with a process called depolarization. During depolarization, the entry of Na+ ions into the neuron causes the membrane potential to become less negative (moves toward zero). This change is vital for the initiation of the action potential, which is how neurons communicate.
Which statement about the scientific method is true? The scientific method involves developing and testing conclusions. The scientific method is a linear approach to accumulating scientific knowledge. The scientific method is used in different ways by different scientists. The scientific method involves developing a question to answer a hypothesis.
Answer: The answer is Option D
Just before you went on a job interview you broke out into a cold sweat, experienced shortness of breath and felt a need to go to the bathroom. these symptoms were most likely produced by your ________ nervous system.
These symptoms were most likely produced by your sympathetic nervous system.
The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary physiological activities through the sympathetic nervous system. The "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body to react to stress or imagined threats, is the system in question.
The sympathetic nervous system activates heart rate, airway dilation, sweating, and adrenaline release. These responses enhance vigilance and vitality and reallocate resources to vital functions needed to adapt to a stressful situation, such as a professional employment assessment.
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During baking, sometimes dough spills over the sides of the bread pan. this may occur because
Dough may spill over during baking mainly due to an excessive amount of yeast, which leads to an overproduction of carbon dioxide, causing the dough to rise and expand more than it should. The heat during baking can exacerbate this expansion.
During baking, dough may spill over the sides of the bread pan due to the action of yeast. Yeast is a key ingredient in bread making, as it ferments the sugars present in the dough, producing carbon dioxide gas. This gas causes the dough to expand and rise. If a chef accidentally puts too much yeast in the dough, the quantity of carbon dioxide produced during fermentation can be excessive, resulting in the dough rising too much and spilling over. This overexpansion is further exacerbated by the heat of the oven, which can encourage more fermentation and expansion as referenced by Charles's Law, which implies that gases expand when heated. The correct amount of yeast ensures that the dough rises just enough to make the bread light and fluffy without overflowing.
Moreover, over-kneading the dough can also affect the texture of the bread, making it tough. As the bread rises, the CO₂ that causes this rising action comes from the yeast fermentation process. When bread is baked, the yeast continues to ferment the sugars, which typically causes the dough to expand further before the yeast eventually dies from the heat.
Tina's left tibial pulse is graded as 2+. this finding is:
Q40 stem cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts are called ________ cells.
A 33-year-old pregnant client asks the nurse about testing for birth defects that are safe for both her and her fetus. which test would the nurse state as being safe and noninvasive
Which of the following scientists contributed to the current understanding of genetics
Explain why carnivores are subject to biological magnification of substances like DDT and PCBs