Answer:
True
Explanation:
Surface fires have several ecological benefits such as
a) They only burn litter and other flammable waste materials and prevent huge forest fires.
b) The important minerals that are held within the litter are released which would have otherwise remained within the slowly decomposing waste
c) It prevents several diseased and promotes the growth and development of certain trees.
d) It also releases seeds and thus causes sprinting after fire thereby preserving habitat for animals.
Hence, the given statement is true
Which of the following is NOT one of the key brain structures involved in encoding and storing memories?
a. hypothalamusb. hippocampusc. prefrontal cortexd. cerebellum
Answer:
Hypothalamus
Explanation:
The prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and the cerebellum are involved in memory formation.
The prefrontal cortex is involved in making decisions,forming goals and planning , it's also based on past memories.
The hippocampus is involved in forming long term memories and also in spatial navigation
The hypothalamus is the part of the brain responsible for the body's ability of homeostasis.it is also involved with endocrine control and works closely with the pitutary gland.
The hypothalamus is not one of the key brain structures involved in encoding and storing memories. The hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum all play crucial roles in memory formation, encoding spatial, semantic, and implicit memories respectively. Additionally, the substantia nigra, not the hypothalamus, is not a structure of the forebrain.
Explanation:The key brain structures involved in encoding and storing memories include the hippocampus, the prefrontal cortex, and the cerebellum. The hippocampus is crucial for explicit memories, involving the encoding of information about spatial relationships, context, and associations among memories. The prefrontal cortex is involved in remembering semantic tasks. The cerebellum processes implicit memories, which are not consciously recalled, such as motor skills and classical conditioning responses.
For instance, the cerebellum is integral for learning an eye-blink response to a puff of air, a type of classical conditioning. In contrast, the hypothalamus is not primarily known for memory storage and encoding but is involved in various other functions such as the regulation of hunger, thirst, sleep, and emotional responses.
Regarding the structures of the forebrain, the thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala are all part of the forebrain. However, the substantia nigra is part of the midbrain, not the forebrain, and is therefore not the correct answer to both the structure involved in memory and the forebrain.
Egg whites stiffen when they are whipped. The change that occurs in the protein is called ___________.a. denaturation. b. translocation. c. transcription. d. deamination.
Answer:
Denaturation
Explanation:
Proteins are huge molecules that need to get an accurate tridimensional structure to accomplish their function.
In water, these molecules keep their hydrophilic parts in the outside and the hydrophobic part in the inside.
There are some treatments like changes in temperature or pH that provoke changes in the tridimensional structure of the protein. This process is known as DENATURATION. The protein losses its original native structure and its properties.
When denaturation occurs the protein tends to join together with other denaturalized proteins through the areas that repeal water, becoming coagulated.
Answer:
Answer is A. Denaturation.
Explanation:
Denaturation occurs when there is a disruption in the highly ordered or molecular structures, i.e, the secondary and tertiary structures ,present in the native state of the protein.
Denaturation can be caused through the application of some external stress, heat, inorganic salts among others.
pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is a human disorder that causes gradual deterioration of the muscles. Only boys are affected, and they are always born to phenotypically normal normal parents. Due to the severity of the disease, the boys die in their teens. Is this disorder likely to be caused by a dominant or recessive allele
Answer: recessive allele
Explanation:
The fact that it affects boys only it shows that its inheritance follows X-linked recessive pattern.
The sex chromosome for male is XY and for female XX
.Therefore. the disorder is on the X=chromosomes of the father. Y chromosomes are smaller than X and weak, therefore they can not bear the allele of the disorder.
However.if a female inherited the allele of the disorder from the father. she can pass this trait to her son during fertilisation,
A food that supplies two grams each of fat, carbohydrate, and protein delivers_____total calories.
Answer:
34 calories
Explanation:
One gram of carbohydrates provides total= 4 calories.
2 grams of carbohydrates would provide= 4 x 2 = 8 calories.
One gram of protein provides total= 4 calories.
2 grams of protein would provide= 4 x 2 = 8 calories.
One gram of fat provides total= 9 calories.
2 grams of carbohydrates would provide= 9 x 2 = 18 calories.
Total calories from food that gives two grams each of fat, carbohydrate, and protein= 8 + 8 + 18 = 34 calories.
Part 2: Codominance - Predicting stripe color in lizard tails A certain species of lizard can have red stripes, yellow stripes, or red and oranges stripes. An RR lizard has red stripes, an YY lizard has orange stripes, and an RY lizard has red and orange stripes. A lizard with red stripes(RR) mates with a lizard with orange stripes(YY). 3. Create a Punnett square to show their offspring, the F1 generation. Punnett Square Parent R R Y RR Ry Y YY ry 4. What pattern do you notice in the genotypes of the F1 generation lizards? 5. What are the phenotypes of the F1 generation lizards?
Answer:
In F1 generation all lizards are heterozygous RY, and will have red and orange stripes in their tails
Explanation:
If the cross is between RR and YY lizards, in a Punnett square we'll have RR vs YY
Let's say YY is female and RR male
Y Y
R RY RY
R RY RY
All lizards will be RY, coding for red and orange colours in their tails (phenotype) in F1 generation
In some experiments, several identical groups are set up, keeping conditions similar among them. In the _____ group, a change is deliberately introduced. In the _____ group, this change is not introduced. In this way, the researcher can determine if the change has an effect.
Answer:
In some experiments, several identical groups are set up, keeping conditions similar among them. In the experimental group, a change is deliberately introduced. In the control group, this change is not introduced. In this way, the researcher can determine if the change has an effect.
Explanation:
In every experiment that has to do with having a replicate, there must be a control group which is used to checkmate the effect of what is being tested, hence; nothing is introduced in the control group unlike the experimental group
Item 3 If part of the DNA gene being transcribed is TGCAAT , what will the mRNA code be for that part?
Answer:
ACGUUA
Explanation:
Transcription is a process that makes mRNA using the DNA template strand. The enzyme RNA polymerase adds ribonucleotides complementary to the sequence of the DNA template strand. RNA lacks the "thymine" and instead has the "uracil". Adenine base in the DNA sequence is transcribed into the “uracil" base in the corresponding RNA. Similarly, "guanine" in the DNA template strand specifies the "cytosine" base in the transcribed RNA.
Therefore, if a DNA template strand has a sequence "TGCAAT", the corresponding mRNA would have a sequence of "ACGUUA".
How do genes play a part in how your immune system functions?
Answer:
Studies have shown that the immune response in the body is regulated at the level of genes especially the adaptive immune response.
The body has evolved their immune system to eradicate or reject some specific pathogens and cancerous cells by expressing the antigen-specific genes which raise the immune response which could be at both humoral or cellular level.
The example of allelic exclusion is the example of how gene expression controls the formation of antigen-specific antibodies due to the expression of different segment of a particular gene or mutated gene.
Thus, the immune response is controlled by genes.
10. Which of the following is an example of a prevention activity? A. Mobilizing search and rescue teams B. Requiring identification for site access C. Setting up a network of clinics to provide neighborhood-based healthcare access for residents affected by a hurricane D. Passing an ordinance on controlling development in a floodplain
Answer:
Option (B).
Explanation:
Fundamentals of Emergency Management (FEMA) may be defined as the organization that helps in the management of resources. This also helps to deal with the all humanitarian emergency.
Prevention activities to remove the particular danger are also listed in the FEMA. The identification for the site access previously might helps to reduce the health related and risk related problems of the individuals working at the site.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B).
Option d.
A prevention activity is exemplified by the passing of an ordinance to control development in a floodplain, which is enacted with the intention of avoiding potential property damage and loss of lives during a flood.
Explanation:Prevention activities are aimed at lessening or averting potential threats before they cause harm. From the given options, the act of passing an ordinance on controlling development in a floodplain signifies a prevention activity. This measure is enacted to prevent the construction of buildings that could potentially be damaged during a flood, consequently preventing the loss of property and lives. This action exemplifies an attempt to proactively minimize the impact of a future hazard, as opposed to a reactive response post disaster occurrence.
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Hydrothermal processes are probably responsible for the formation of ____ ore deposits than other processes
Answer:
Answer is more.
Explanation:
The formation of minerals and various rocks through the action of water at high temperature and pressure with the mind of creating or bringing about changes in the earth's crust is described as the hydrothermal process.
This process brings about the formation of more and large various mineral resources. This is because, the largest single crystal formed in nature or ever created by man are both through hydrothermal processes.
All hematopoietic and immune blood cells are derived from which cells in the bone marrow?
Answer:
Osteocyte
Explanation:
All hematopoietic and immune blood cells are derived from stem cells cells in the bone marrow.
What are hematopoietic stem cells?An immature cell that has the potential to develop into any type of blood cell, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
Peripheral blood and bone marrow contain hematopoietic stem cells.
Thus, all the immune cells and hematopoietic cells arises from stem cell present in bone marrow.
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Choose the three best explanations for why Mrs. H's alveoli might collapse if she does not do her deep breathing with the Incentive spirometer. A) The alveoli are lined with water, and attraction between the water molecules pulls them together. This surface tension will pull the alveoli closed if she does not open them with deep breathing. B) When she is lying down, it is harder for her to expand her chest cavity anyway. She needs to put extra effort into it. C) The anesthesia was toxic to her lung cells, and she needs to clear it out of her alveoli as fast as she can. D)B Surgery stimulated her sympathetic system, which has constricted her bronchioles and could lead to an asthma attack. E) Shallow breathing that does not fill her lungs will only move air into the alveoli in the upper part of her lungs, letting those in the lower part stay closed. F) With her gall bladder removed, she cannot produce the soapy substance that lines alveoli and makes them easier to inflate.
Answer:
E) Shallow breathing that does not fill her lungs will only move air into the alveoli in the upper part of her lungs, letting those in the lower part stay closed.
A) The alveoli are lined with water, and attraction between the water molecules pulls them together. This surface tension will pull the alveoli closed if she does not open them with deep breathing.
B) When she is lying down, it is harder for her to expand her chest cavity anyway. She needs to put extra effort into it.
The alveoli might collapse if Mrs. H does not use her incentive spirometer because the water lining of the alveoli can create surface tension that pulls them closed, shallow breathing keeps lower alveoli collapsed, and without deep breaths, the surfactant cannot reduce surface tension effectively.
Explanation:Among the provided explanations for why Mrs. H's alveoli might collapse without the use of an incentive spirometer for deep breathing, the three best explanations are:
A) The alveoli are lined with water, and the attraction between water molecules creates a surface tension that can pull the alveoli closed. Deep breathing can help overcome this force and fully open them.E) Shallow breathing does not fill the entire lungs with air, typically only reaching the alveoli in the upper parts, which can result in the lower part's alveoli remaining collapsed.The presence of a surfactant within the alveoli, which is a surface-tension reducing substance produced by the lungs, is crucial. Without adequate breaths, the surfactant cannot effectively reduce surface tension, possibly leading to alveoli collapse.These factors highlight the importance of deep breathing exercises to maintain lung function and prevent alveolar collapse. The surfactant plays a role in managing the surface tension which is crucial for preventing alveoli from collapsing during exhalation.
The buildup of soil on bare rock by the decomposition of early colonizers is characteristic of ________ succession.
Answer:
primary succession
Explanation:
In ecology, succession is a phenomenon used to describe the process by which the structure of an ecosystem changes from time to time. New features, species and components are being introduced into an ecosystem.
There are 2 major types of succession: primary and secondary. While secondary succession involves a series of changes that occur in a biological community that is not new or that has been once colonized by several features and forms of life, primary succession involves the changes that occur from a bare land that has no life form.
Primary succession occurs on barren lands and bare rocks. The buildup of soil on bare rock by the decomposition of early colonizers is characteristic of primary succession .
Explain why or why not ethics belong in science.
Answer:
Ethics can be described as a set of moral rules which are necessary to distinguish between the right and wrong. Ethics is very necessary for science as the field of science especially scientific research would become deadly if ethics are not followed. If ethics are not followed, scientists will begin killing of organisms and humans to support science projects. Human cloning will become a non- serious matter in ethics are not followed. Hence, commitment to ethics is very important in science.
35 out of 120 red-beaked wombats nest in trees, while 78 out of 99 purple-tongued wombats nest in trees. Do the two species show differences in their tree nesting behavior?
Answer:
Yes, both species have different instincts of nesting behaviors.
Explanation:
Nesting behavior is an instinct of species to a desire for a protected nest for their newborns. Typically, it is more common in pregnant animals due to the production of a hormone "Estradiol".
According to the conditions given in the question, nesting instinct in red-beaked wombats is ~29% whereas for purple-tongued wombats is ~79%. This difference suggest the stronger desire of red-beaked wombats to make a nest in the trees compared to the purple-tongued wombats (purple-tongued wombats may have desire for places other than trees). Here, we could argue that this high desire of nesting behavior in trees for red-beaked wombats was might be due to the high production of Estradiol. In any case, there was a clear difference in the nesting behavior for both species.
Both species, red-beaked wombats and purple-tongued wombats do nest in trees but at different rates. Therefore, there is indeed a difference in tree-nesting behavior between the two species.
Explanation:To determine if there are species differences in tree nesting behavior between the red-beaked wombats and the purple-tongued wombats, we need to compare the ratios of wombats in each species that nest in trees.
For red-beaked wombats, this ratio is 35 out of 120. To simplify this, we can divide both numbers by 5 to get 7 out of 24.
For purple-tongued wombats, the ratio is 78 out of 99. Since these numbers have no common divisor other than 1, we cannot simplify this ratio further.
Comparing these simplified ratios, we find that 7 out of 24 red-beaked wombats nest in trees, while 78 out of 99 purple-tongued wombats nest in trees. So yes, these two species do display different tree nesting behaviors, with purple-tongued wombats being more likely to nest in trees than red-beaked wombats.
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The excretory functions of the urinary system are performed by the
Answer:
Kidneys
Explanation:
One of the primary functions of the urinary system is the excretion of metabolic wastes. Urea is the primary nitrogenous end product of metabolism in human beings. Other excretory waste products in humans are ammonium, creatinine, and uric acid. Kidneys excrete metabolic waste by urine formation. Urea, ammonia, creatinine, uric acid, and urobilin contain nitrogen and therefore, are collectively known as nitrogenous wastes. Other wastes excreted in the urine are foreign substances that have entered the body, drugs and environmental toxins.
Kidneys produce urine in three steps: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. Water accounts for almost 95% of the volume of urine and the remaining 5% consist of electrolytes, nitrogenous end products and substances derived from drugs.
The phylum Gymnospermae has four divisions. Fossil evidence helped to divide and classify the gymnosperms. The division Ginkgophyta has leaves instead of needles. According to this dichotomous key, what would the fossil evidence also MOST LIKELY show?
Answer:
Explanation:The fossil will produce seed
Unlike others which will produce flowers
Which accessory eye structure is NOT correctly matched with its function?a) eyelid: protect the eyeb) conjunctiva: protect eye from drying outc) tarsal glands: produce tearsd) lacrimal glands: destroy bacteria
Answer:
C. tarsal glands: produce tears
Explanation:
The tarsal plate refers to a thick fold of connective tissue that serves as a support to the eyelids. A row of tarsal glands is embedded in each tarsal plate. Tarsal glands are elongated modified sebaceous glands. Also known as meibomian glands, they secrete a fluid that helps keep the eyelids from adhering to each other. These glands do not produce tears. Tears are produced by lacrimal glands present in the lacrimal apparatus.
When is the best time for an athlete to attempt to optimize weight and change body composition?
Answer:
Offseason period.
Explanation:
Offseason time or period for an athlete is the time when an athlete does not have or engage in any competitive events. it is the period of rest,at the same time, the period when the athlete is preparing for the upcoming season.
This time usually falls at the end of the year. At this time, the athlete will work on his weight to make it good and effective as possible, so that he will be in his best form when the season starts.
Mycoplasma tuberculosis, the causative agent in tuberculosis, primarily infects the alveolar macrophages and is therefore very fortunate in its size. Why is this statement true?a. a facultative primary pathogen.b. a facultative opportunistic pathogen.c. an obligate primary pathogen.d. an obligate opportunistic pathogen.
Answer:
d. an obligate opportunistic pathogen.
Explanation:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a rod shaped bacterium which causes tuberculosis. Most of the pathogenic bacteria are obligatory pathogen. It is airborne bacterium which is efficiently spread from person to person through droplet nuclei reach the terminal air-spaces. From air space the mycobacterium ingested by alveolar macrophages and then carried by lymphatics to regional lymph nodes. It is very small and does not get caught in the mucociliary ladder and it is enough large to be immediately exhaled, so, they lands in the alveoli. Thus, it is an opportunistic obligate pathogen.
What is something that can go wrong during interphase? A. The cell could divide unevenly resulting in a very small cell and a very large cell. B. The chromatids could separate and all move to the same side of the cell. C. A base pair could be mismatched during the duplication process causing a mutation.
Answer:
Answer is C. A base pair could be mismatched during the duplication process causing a mutation.
Explanation:
An interphase is known to be the resting phase between the first and second division of meiosis, where change was more apparent.
During this phase, the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis. This means that, the cells take up the nutrients, grow, read DNA and produce proteins. Thees processes are considered as the normal cellular functions.
One possible problem that can occur during interphase is a mismatch of base pairs during DNA replication, leading to mutations.
During interphase of the cell cycle, several things can potentially go wrong. Among these, C. A base pair could be mismatched during the duplication process causing a mutation is a correct statement. During the S phase of interphase, DNA replication takes place, and there is a risk of base pair mismatches. While there are mechanisms in place to correct such errors, a mismatch that is not repaired can cause a mutation that might have significant consequences for the cell and organism. This emphasizes the biological importance of the error-checking and repair processes during DNA replication.
The type of antimicrobial drug that would be least toxic to humans is a drug thatA) Inhibits protein synthesisB) Disrupts the cytoplasmic membraneC) Inhibits nucleic acid synthesisD)Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Answer:
The correct answer is D) Inhibits cell wall synthesis.
Explanation:
Antimicrobial drugs are drugs that act against microbes like bacteria, fungus, virus, protozoa, etc. These drugs must be specific and should not harm the host cells but must be effective against microbial cell.
Both microbes and humans contain proteins, cytoplasmic membrane, and nucleic acid therefore antimicrobial drugs that target these structures can harm the host cell.
As human lack cell wall, therefore, the antimicrobial drug which inhibit cell wall synthesis will not be able to harm humans and will selectively kill the cells that contain cell wall like bacteria. Therefore the right answer is D.
All EXCEPT which of the following are differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA replication?
a. the number of replication origins
b. the ability to form a replication fork
c. the type and number of polymerases involved in DNA synthesis
d. the rate of DNA synthesis
Answer:
b. the ability to form a replication fork
Explanation:
Replication fork refers to the specific point where the parent DNA is unwound to expose the template strands and the separated strands quickly replicated. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA replication mechanisms include the formation of the replication fork. For circular DNA molecules, both ends of the unwound DNA loop have active replication forks as the replication is bidirectional. The two replication forks meet at a point on the side of the circle opposite to the origin.
For a linear DNA, the leading strand is continuously synthesized in the direction of the movement of the replication fork while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short pieces called Okazaki fragments in a direction opposite to the movement of the replication fork.
According to Agfa's operating manual, what is the acceptable range of exposure indicators?A. 1.6 - 2.2B. 1.9 - 2.5C. 2.2 - 2.8D. 2.5 - 3.1
Answer:
B. 1.9 - 2.5
Explanation:
According to Agfa's operating manual logarithm numbers are used to show the acceptable range of exposure indicators.
After age ______ or so, the total calorie needs of physically inactive adults fall steadily throughout adulthood.
Answer:
30
Explanation:
According to dietary guidelines, from the age of 30, the calorie needs of physically inactive adults begin to decline.
This is because physical activities and exercise aid the human body in the burning up of calories, thus, when an adult does not engage in any activity, he burns less calories than those who do and thus requires less calories than them
A student in a biology class crossed a male Drosophila melanogaster having a gray body and long wings with a female D. melanogaster having a black body and apterous wings. The following distribution of traits was observed in the offspring Number of Offspring 42 Phenotype Gray body, long wings Black body, apterous wings 41 Gray body, apterous wings 9 Black body Iong wings Which of the following is supported by the data? (A) The alleles for gray body and long wings are dominant. (B) The alleles for gray body and long wings are recessive. (C) Genes for the two traits are located on two different chromosomes, and independent assortment occurred D) Genes for the two traits are located close together on the same chromosome, and crossing over occurred between the two gene loci.
Answer:
Answer is D "Genes for the two traits are located close together on the same chromosome, and crossing over occurred between the two gene loci"
Explanation:
Traits are distinguishing characteristics of an organism. The Phenotypic crossing of the Drosophila melanogaster specie with Gray body and long wings over that of the same specie but female with black body and apterous wings produced a total of 100 offspring, which showed a that genetic crossing were done on the closely related chromosomes of the body traits for the individual species.
Manganese nodules are an example of: a.hydrogenous sediments. b. cosmogenous sediments. c.biogenous sediments. d.volcagenic sediments. e.terrigenous sediments.
Answer:
Option A, hydrogenous sediments
Explanation:
Hydrogenous sediments are made up of minerals suspended in water that precipitates out in due course of time thereby forming minerals. These sediments are found in a very small amount and generally constitute 0.5 to 1 % of the total ocean sediments. While cosmogenous sediments are made up of space materials falling on earth, biogenous sediments are made up of living organism remains, lithogenous sediments are made up of land. All manganese, ferromanganese and phosphite nodules are hydrogenous
Hence, option A is correct
Answer: A
Explanation: i used it myself from gradpoint.
Without CV circulation, body tissues are deprived of nutrients and _____________________.
Answer: Respiratory gases(Oxygen)
Explanation:
The essential role of cadio vascular system is to supply blood; containig metabolites (glucose,amino acid, fatty acid and glycerol) and gases expecially Oxygen,needed for combustion of these nutrients(metabolites) in mitochondrial of cells (cellular Respiration) to generate ATPs for biochemical activities of the body.
Which would be a consequence of the removal of predators from a population such as the Trinidadian guppy population?a .The nitrogen excretion rate would increase.b. Guppy color patterns would change; guppies would produce fewer but larger offspring; the nitrogen excretion rate would increase and the rate of growth of primary producers such as algae would increase.c. Primary producers such as algae would overgrow.d. Guppies would produce fewer but larger offspring.e. Guppy color patterns would change.
Answer:
The correct answer is option b. "Guppy color patterns would change; guppies would produce fewer but larger offspring; the nitrogen excretion rate would increase and the rate of growth of primary producers such as algae would increase".
Explanation:
The Trinidadian guppy is a species of fish with the scientific name Poecilia reticulata. Just like almost all species, its population is regulated for multiple factors, one of them being the presence of predators. The removal of Trinidadian guppy predators would result in multiple consequences:
- Guppy color patterns would change. The fish have a complex coloration determined largely by predation avoidance.
- Guppies would produce fewer but larger offspring. This adaptation has been proved in an experiment at which the fish was introduced one a low predation environment. The report proved that evolution can take place in less than 10 years.
- The nitrogen excretion rate would increase. It has been reported that predation reduce Trinidadian guppy nitrogen excretion by 40%. Removing the predators will case the nitrogen excretion rate to increase due to an increase in the fish food intake.
- The rate of growth of primary producers such as algae would increase. This is an effect of the increase of nitrogen excretion rate, which benefits algae population to growth.
Two barnacles, Balanus and Chthamalus, can both survive on the lower rocks just above the low-tide line on the Scottish coast, but only Balanus actually does so, with Chthamalus adopting a higher zone. Which of the following best accounts for this niche separation?
A) competitive exclusion
B) predation of Chthamalus by Balanus
C) cooperative displacement
D) primary succession
E) mutualism
Answer:
The correct answer is A) Competitive exclusion.
Explanation:
The principle of competitive exclusion says that:
Two different species that share the same niche can not live in the same place. If two species have the same requirements, they can not coexist. Two species can not coexist indefinitely on the bases of the same limited resource.When two competing species coexist, this is because of niche partitioning or niche differentiation. If there is not any differentiation between them, the dominant species displaces the weak species.
In the exposed example, Chthalamus can live in the upper intertidal zone, where Balanus can not live because they can not tolerate desiccation. Balanus live in the lower intertidal zone, where Chthalamus can not live because of its vulnerability to predation. But these two species compete for the middle intertidal zone, where they can both live.
Balanus excludes Chthalamus because the first species is much bigger and grows faster than the second one. So the middle intertidal zone is only inhabited by Balanus.
The area occupied by Chthalamus is smaller in the presence of Balanus. In the absence of Balanus, Chthalamus can live in a bigger area, occupying the middle intertidal zone.