when does the paramecium pump out more water, when there is a high salt concentration or when there is a low salt concentration surrounding the paramecium?

Answer: The statement is true

Explanation:

The sickle-cell disease is characterized by red blood cells with sickle shape (like a semi-circle). The iron-containing pigment, HEMOGLOBIN in these sickle-shaped red blood cells is

- inefficient in transporting oxygen

- likely to break down in environment with low oxygen concentration.

Such abnormally shaped red blood cells block the cavities of small blood vessels like CAPILLARIES, hindering the free movement of healthy, normal oxgen-carrying blood in them.

Answer: the question is not detailed enough

Explanation:

For instance if the genotype of the parent is AS and AS there would be a cross breeding of the genotype to give the First filial generation (F1) then any other crossbreeding is known as the F2

Note: the parent genotype is known as P1

Answer:

The tall plant is homozygous (TT) if all the progeny of the test cross is "tall". Presence of both tall and short progeny makes the "tall" plant heterozygous (Tt).

Explanation:

The "tall" plant with unknown genotype would be crossed with a homozygous short plant (tt) of the same species. This is called the testcross. If the progeny of test cross includes both tall and short plants, the "tall" plant with unknown genotype was heterozygous for the gene. On the other hand, the presence of only tall progeny in the testcross reflects the fact that the "tall" plant with unknown genotype was homozygous for the allele for "tallness".

To determine if a tall pea plant is homozygous tall or heterozygous tall, a testcross can be performed by crossing the tall plant with a dwarf plant.

In pea plants, the allele for tall plants is represented by uppercase letter T, while the allele for dwarf plants is represented by lowercase letter t. To determine if a tall plant is homozygous tall or heterozygous tall, you can perform a testcross by crossing the tall plant with a dwarf plant. If the tall plant is homozygous tall (TT), all the offspring will be tall. If the tall plant is heterozygous tall (Tt), half of the offspring will be tall and half will be dwarf.

Answer:

In neuronal communication, _reuptake_ involves moving a neurotransmitter from the synapse back into the axon terminal from which it was released

Reuptake is the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter located along an axon terminal's plasma membrane (i.e., the pre-synaptic neuron at a synapse) or glial cell after performing its role of transmitting a neural impulse.

Answer:Hypothalamus, Lymbic system

Explanation:

The generation and experience of emotions involve many regions of the brain. The limbic system is one of the region in the brain that controls emotion, memories and arousal. It contains regions that detect fear, reinforcement behavior. The limbic system which includes the amygala, hypothalamus and part of the thalamus is dedicated to different functions.

The Hypothalamus also controls emotions, hunger, thirst, appetite, digestion and sleep.

The brain structure responsible for regulating behavior related to survival is called the hypothalamus and is part of the endocrine system.

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Answer:

Because A does not equal T, and G does not equal C, this cannot be a double-stranded DNA molecule. It must therefore be a single-stranded DNA.

Explanation:

The base composition in the observed DNA sample does not follow the Chargaff rule. If it was a double-stranded DNA, the percent proportion of adenine base and thymine base should be equal (either 30% or 20% for both). Similarly, the percent proportion of guanine and cytosine bases must also be equal  (either 30% or 20% for both). Since the given sample does not follow it, it is not a double-stranded DNA molecule but is present as a single strand.

Between 10:30 pm on Wednesday and 10:30 pm on Thursday the death has occurred.

Option C.

Rigor mortis is the phenomenon where the dead body becomes stiff and rigid because of some chemical and enzymatic reactions inside the dead body after a few hours of its death. Rigor mortis occurs as the glycogen reserve of the body has ended and the ATP production mechanism has been finished, resulting in non detachment of actin and myosin filaments from each other, resulting in the muscles being stiff as ropes.

Time of rigor mortis depends on the body glycogen reserve, the ambient temperature, and humidity as well. In warmer regions, the rigor mortis sets in quickly as well as depletes away quickly. The reverse occurs in colder region. In our climate, Rigor mortis sets in from the papillary muscles of eyes after about 12 hours of death, as well as dissappear after 12 hours of set in. So about 12 to 24 hours is spent in appearing and disappearing of the rigor mortis.

Here in the said body, the death has occurred between 10:30 pm on Wednesday and 10:30 pm on Thursday.

Answer:

The cell will swell.

Explanation:

The cells react distinctly when placed in different solutions like hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic solutions. In the mentioned question, that is, in the fluid surrounding the cells, the concentration of salt reduces, which makes the solution hypotonic. Hypotonic solution exhibit high water potential and low solute concentration.  

This makes the water move from the hypotonic solution to the inside of the cell as the osmotic movement occurs from high solvent concentration to low solvent concentration, thus, swelling of the cell takes place.  

Translation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes requires tRNAs, amino acids, ribosomal subunits, mRNA template, ribosomes, and enzymatic factors. These components are necessary for the formation of bonds between amino acids and the synthesis of polypeptides.

In order for translation to proceed, three components must be present: tRNAs, amino acids, and ribosomal subunits. Additionally, several other components are required, including an mRNA template, ribosomes, and various enzymatic factors. These components are necessary for the formation of bonds between sequential amino acids specified by the mRNA template, as well as for the catalysis of the bonding between new amino acids and the growing polypeptide chain. Translation occurs in three-nucleotide steps and is facilitated by the ribosome.

Answer:

Option-B

Explanation:

Pingelap is an atoll consisting of three islands: Daekae, Sukoru and Pingelap Island.

The present population of the atoll is 250 residents, the proportion of which has the color blindness called achromatopsia caused by the loss of the cone cells which respond to a different wavelength of light.

The achromatopsia on the atoll can be traced back in 1775 when a catastrophic typhoon swept the island and left only 20 individuals. One of these individuals named the Doahkaesa Mwanenihsed was the carrier of the disease and the inbreeding in the descendants of this individual resulted in the increase in the frequency of the recessive allele and is the cause of the affected individuals.

Thus, Option-B is the correct answer.

Answer:

Answer is sympathetic nervous system.

Explanation:

Sympathetic nervous system is considered or known to be part of the autonomic nervous system. The other part is parasympathetic nervous system.

The sympathetic nervous system , which originates from the spinal cord , responds to reflex or unconscious actions by accelerating or increasing heart rate and blood pressure.

The responds of the sympathetic nervous system is termed as fight-flight response. This means that, the nervous system triggers the body to respond to event by fighting or running.

It regulates reflex actions.

The TC DC ESR test gives this type of results.

Anemia is defined as the condition of blood where the average sizes of red blood cells are smaller than normal, and the hemoglobin count is also low. The chronic diseases that are the causes are iron deficiency, chronic leukocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, hookworm infections etc.

As suspected, these patients are advised to do total count, differential count of blood corpuscles, erythrocytic sedimentation rate, haemoglobin count, blood ferritin levels etc which gives the corresponding results proving any of the diseases.

Damage to the Reticular Formation, a part of the brain involved in maintaining consciousness, is most likely to cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which they can't awaken.

Significant damage to the Reticular Formation of the brain is most likely to cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which he or she will not be able to awaken. The reticular formation plays a crucial role in maintaining consciousness and damage to this area can lead to a state of comatose. The other parts of the brain listed, such as the Hypothalamus, Frontal lobe, Amygdala, and Thalamus also have significant roles, but their damage doesn't predominantly lead to a coma.

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Answer: Option B (True)

Explanation: The statement can only occur in different populations of the same organism. The two growth strategies happens in different modes.

Firstly, logistic growth occurs when the resources available in the habitat (i.e organism’s niche) are limited to satisfy the whole population and this allows the organisms of the same species to grow rapidly until it reaches the point the resources can circulate, the carrying capacity.

While exponential growth occurs when there's abundance of resources for the population and allows growth of population beyond the carrying capacity, which results to overshoot of population in later stage of growth.

Secondly, in logistic growth population rarely crash but in exponential growth, population crashes due to mortality (often by predation, disease outbreak and etc) when there's overshoot of population beyond the carrying capacity.

Note: Population refers to the total number of organisms of the same species inhabiting a geographical area at a particular time.

Logistic growth starts off as exponential in its early stages, when resources are plentiful, but slows and levels off as resources become scarce. This is typical of many populations across various species and environments, and it does not differentiate one species from another.

The statement 'Populations that exhibit logistic growth still exhibit exponential growth' is true, but it needs clarification. The correct answer is 'true; populations exhibiting logistic growth go through a period of exponential growth before growth rates level off around zero.' This reflects the nature of logistic growth, which starts off as exponential during the early stages when resources are plentiful but slows down and levels off over time as resources become scarce.

During the initial stage, species multiply rapidly, and the population size increases exponentially. However, eventually, the population size begins to approach the carrying capacity of the environment, at which point population growth rates decline and level off.

This behavior can be observed in a variety of species and in different types of environments, but it is not a characteristic that differentiates between species. It is a universal natural population behavior when the growth is limited by an environment's resources.

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Explanation:

The DNA contains many regulatory sequences that are very important, even though they do not code for proteins.

For example, the expression of every gene is regulated by a region called the Promoter. The promoter sequence, located close by the coding region of the gene, usually binds the RNA polymerase (the enzyme that transcribes genes into mRNA) as well as other proteins necessary for transcription,

The promoter sequence, thus, does not itself code for proteins, but is essential for transcription and must be highly conserved so that the RNA polymerase can find it.

Answer: Those sequences do not code for proteins because the genes may be important and maybe should not be mutated. A mutation there could have a negative impact on an organism's ability to function effectively.

Explanation:

DNA transcription is the first process of gene expression, by which the information contained in the DNA sequence is transferred to the protein sequence using various RNAs as intermediaries. During gene transcription, the DNA sequences are copied into RNA by an enzyme called RNA polymerase (pRNA) which synthesizes a messenger RNA (mRNA) that maintains the DNA sequence information. In this way, DNA transcription could also be called messenger RNA synthesis. At last, that mRNA is used to make proteins in a process called translation.

Those DNA sequences are transcribed, but not translated because they are able to regulate certain mRNA strands by destroying them or blocking translation of them. So those DNA sequences are not used to make proteins, because a mutation there could have a negative impact on the organisms. Instead, those sequences may be used for other functions such as regulating gene expression by acting over other mRNA strands.

Answer: 1, 4, 5

Explanation:

To maintain good communication while approaching a child for radiographic examination,

1)When addressing the child, sit or kneel so as to be at the child's eye level.

2)Establish rapport with the child by talking to the child from a comfortable distance before approaching him or her;

3)Considerations when communicating with a child include: age- appropriate methods of communication to include sensitivity for the child and the parent;

4) Acquaint the child with the new environment; explain the procedure to the child and the parent as effectively as possible;

Answer:

The radiologist must follow options 1,2,4, and 5.

Option 3 is not necessary.

Explanation:

The radiologist needs to show genuine consideration to the child. There should be sensitivity in the communication with the child.

The radiologist needs to greet the child and parent with a smile. This is the first antidote to their anxiety. It will simply calm both the child and parent and make them feel relaxed. The radiologist needs to establish a close bond with the the child by talking to the child from a comfortable distance before approaching the child. He can do this by praising the child for something. This might make the child smile or laugh, thereby motivating the child.

The radiologist should effectively explain why the child is in the new environment and also explain its procedure to the child and parent, answering their questions in a simple way so that the child can understand.  

Lastly, while speaking to the child, the radiologist must bend down, sit or kneel so as to be at the child's eye level. This will help the child look into his eyes and feel assured.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Nucleic acids are one of the four biomolecules. They are polymers made up of monomer building blocks called nucleotides, hence, they are also called polynucleotides. Deoxyribosenucleic acid (DNA) and Ribosenucleic acid (RNA) are the two nucleic acids. They are composed of nucleotide subunits, in which each nucleotide has a structure made up of pentose sugar (Deoxyribose in DNA, and ribose in RNA), phosphate group and nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine (DNA /Uracil (RNA).

DNA is the storage molecule of the genetic material in living cells. They contain sections called GENES, that holds the information needed for the optimal functioning of every organism and pass genetic traits to offsprings. These information has to be expressed to produce functional products (proteins). This expression is done by transcribing the DNA into RNA, which is subsequently translated into proteins.

Hence, option A is the true option

Option B belongs to carbohydrates while Option D is for proteins.

Answer:

Explanation:

The Earth's seasons are not caused by the differences in the distance from the Sun throughout the year (these differences are extremely small). The seasons are the result of the tilt of the Earth's axis.

The Earth's axis is tilted from perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic by 23.45°. This tilting is what gives us the four seasons of the year - spring, summer, autumn (fall) and winter. Since the axis is tilted, different parts of the globe are oriented towards the Sun at different times of the year.

Summer is warmer than winter (in each hemisphere) because the Sun's rays hit the Earth at a more direct angle during summer than during winter and also because the days are much longer than the nights during the summer. During the winter, the Sun's rays hit the Earth at an extreme angle, and the days are very short. These effects are due to the tilt of the Earth's axis.

Solstices

The solstices are days when the Sun reaches its farthest northern and southern declinations. The winter solstice occurs on December 21 or 22 and marks the beginning of winter (this is the shortest day of the year). The summer solstice occurs on June 21 and marks the beginning of summer (this is the longest day of the year).

Equinoxes

Equinoxes are days in which day and night are of equal duration. The two yearly equinoxes occur when the Sun crosses the celestial equator.

The vernal equinox occurs in late March (this is the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of fall in the Southern Hemisphere); the autumnal equinox occurs in late September (this is the beginning of fall in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of spring in the Southern Hemisphere).

Answer:

Nearly everyone enjoys the change of seasons on Earth – from winter to spring, from summer to fall. ... Instead, Earth has seasons because our planet's axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees relative to our orbital plane – the plane of Earth's orbit around the sun

Answer:

Proteins in the cell will include lysine instead of phenylalanine at amino acid positions specified by the codon UUU.

Explanation:

Mutation may be defined as the sudden or heritable change in the genetic sequence of the organisms. The mutation can change the phenotype and genotype of the organisms.

The AAA codes for the lysine. The mutation attaches the anticodon AAA instead of normal phenylalanine. The aminonacids AAA will code for the lysine and no phenylalanine is observed in the cell as phenylalanine is coded by UUU and not by AAA.

Thus, the correct answer is option (b).

Answer:

A plant cell and an animal cell

Explanation:

Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain or possess enzymes, DNA, plasma membrane and mitochondria.

Enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membranes, and mitochondria are all components of eukaryotic cells that are necessary for cellular function. Thus option B and C is correct.

Organisms called eukaryotes have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles in their cells.

The majority of algae, all animals, plants, fungi, and protists are eukaryotic organisms. Eukaryotes are multicellular or unicellular organisms.

Organelles that are bound to membranes are present in eukaryotic cells, including the nucleus, but not in prokaryotic cells.

The presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the makeup of chromosomal DNA are all examples of differences between the cellular structures of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Therefore, all given the component of cells is present in Eukaryotic cells.

Learn more about eukaryotic cells here:

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Answer:

Explanation:

There are 3 different types of DNA dependent RNA polymerase. RNAP II is the main enzyme synthesizing mRNAs.

1. Signals for initiation of transcription

Promoters: there are certain specific areas on the DNA that act as starting signals for initiation process.

The DNA polymerase attaches to the promoter site on the template DNA strand.

TATA Box: upstream of the transcription start site is 5'-TATAAA-3' it is referred to as the TATA Box. It acts as a signal for the start region.

2. Initiation of Transcription. The DNA helix unwind, and the RNAP binds to the promoter site on the 5' end DNA with the help of sigma factor. RNAP reaches the appropriate site of the gene and add the first nucleotide of the mRNA.

3. Elongation of Transcription: the RNAP moves along the DNA template, new nucleotides are incorporated in the nascent mRNA, one by one, according to the base pairing rule.

4. Termination of transcription: specific signals are recognized by the termination protein (Rho factor). When it attaches to the DNA, rnap can't move further. So the enzyme dissociate from DNA and consequently newly formed RNA is released.

Final answer:

The eukaryotic transcription process begins with the assembly of transcription factors at the gene promoter, including the TATA box, forming a transcription initiation complex, followed by RNA polymerase II binding, initiation, elongation, and termination to create an mRNA copy of the gene.

Explanation:

Steps of Eukaryotic Transcription:

This sequence ensures that a precise mRNA copy of the gene is synthesized, which can then be processed and translated into a protein.

Answer:

Hippocampus and amygdala.

Explanation:

The hippocampus and the amygdala are part of the limbic system. This is responsible through these structures of emotions, memory and is decisive for the survival (self- preservation) of the human being. The hippocampus participates in the process of consolidation of some types of memory, it receives multiple afferents, through the neurons responsible for receiving sensations to transmit them to the brain, especially of the amygdala, which is considered as the main element or nucleus central involved in the management and control of emotions and feelings. It receives cortical afferences, is located in the depth of the temporal lobe and is connected to the entire brain, which denotes its integrative role in emotional processing.

Answer:

At "24 months or 2 years" infants capable of demonstrating empathy for others, such as comforting and showing concern for others

Explanation:

When the baby becomes 2 year old they develop a genuine empathy, and have the ability to understand that what other people feel may be they are not feeling the same. We can also conclude that, the babies not only can understand the pain of the people but also try to pacify in their own way. The trait of the empathy develop in the baby through early development. When they gets their limbs combinedly, hence babies will try to reach them and try to soothe others in distress.

There are four classes of organic molecules that are essential to all living organisms.

1. Carbohydrates:

Components: monosaccharides. Functions: energy for cell, raw material, energy storage, and plant cell support Ex: glucose, starch, glycogen, cellulose

2. Lipids (dont form polymers): Components: glycerol, fatty acid, components of a fat molecule Functions: energy storage, cell membrane components, and hormones Ex: fats, phospholipids, and steroids

3. Proteins:

Components: amino group, carboxil group, R group, and amino acid Function: enzyme, structural protein, movement, transport, communication, defense, storage, receive signals Ex: lactose, hair, tendons, muscles, hemoglobin, signal proteins, antibodies, egg albumin, receptor protein

4. Nucleic acids:

Components: phosphate group, nitrogeneous base, ribose or deoxyribose, nucleotide Functions: heredity, DNA

Ex: code for proteins, DNA and RNA

The different classes of organic molecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, macromolecules, and nucleotides. They are characterized by their structures, carbon skeletons, and functional groups.

The class of organic molecules depends on their structure and composition. Some examples include carbohydrates, which can be simple sugars (monosaccharides) or complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides). Another important class is lipids, which include fats, oils, and sterols. Proteins are another class, and they are made up of amino acids.

Macromolecules form another class, typically composed of smaller units (monomers) bonded together. Carbon is a crucial element in these organic molecules, forming covalent bonds with other atoms. Lastly, nucleotides form a class, which are components of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, also vital for life.

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Answer:

1. BB x bb

2. 100% black

Explanation:

Heterozygous offspring would have the genotype Bb. In order to produce offpsring that are 100% heterozygous, that means each parent must be homozygous. Therefore, the genotypes of the parents are BB (black rabbit) and bb (white rabbit). See punnet square attached.

The phenotype refers to the expression and display of the genotype. We will assume that because black is denoted by a capital B, and white by a small b, that black is the dominant allele. Therefore, if 100% of the offspring have the genotype Bb, then 100% of the offspring have the phenotype of black fur.

The activity level of a radioactive material decreases by half with each half-life. In this case, with the half-life being 20 years, the activity level would reach 0.25 curies after 80 years, equivalent to four half-lives.

The subject in question involves the concept of half-life, a term commonly used in nuclear physics to denote the time it takes for half of a certain radioactive substance to decay. It's given that the sample has an activity level of 4 curies and a half-life of 20 years. The activity level after some years is to be 0.25 curie.

As a rule, each time a sample goes through one half-life, its activity level gets halved. So, from 4 curies to 2 curies would be one half-life (20 years), from 2 curies to 1 curie would be another half-life (another 20 years), from 1 curie to 0.5 curie would be yet another half-life (another 20 years), and finally from 0.5 curie to 0.25 curie would be a fourth half-life (another 20 years).

Therefore, it would take 4 half-lives—totaling 80 years—for the activity level of the sample to drop from 4 curies to 0.25 curie.

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Answer:

3. The client feels that the nurse is indifferent toward the client

Explanation:

Nurse would interpret as the the client feels that the nurse is indifferent toward the client

ANSWER:

Most types of cancer are believed to begin with a random genetic mutation. This is followed by mutations, which endow the cancer cells with properties allowing them to grow without normal controls to become a tumor.

Mutation is any change in the DNA sequence of a cell. Mutations may be caused by mistakes during cell division, or they may be caused by exposure to DNA-damaging agents in the environment.

Genetic Mutations that lead to cancer cell formation can occur in two forms:

1. GROWTH-PROMOTING GENES are commonly mutated in cancer cells, becoming SUPER-ACTIVE and producing cells that are too strongly stimulated by growth receptors.

2. Mutations can INACTIVATE the genes that suppress cell proliferation or those that signal the need for apoptosis. These genes are known as TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES.

Answer:

Eosin methylene blue agar (EMB) is a selective and differential medium used to isolate fecal coliforms. Eosin Y and methylene blue are pH indicator dyes which combine to form a dark purple precipitate at low pH; they also serve to inhibit the growth of most Gram positive organisms.

Explanation: