When a solid is hit hard, the force may break the solid. This is called

Toughness

Cleavage

Hardness

Answer:

Radiation is the correct answer for this question.

Explanation:

Answer:

4.03 m/s

Explanation:

Initial momentum = final momentum

(282 kg) (3.50 m/s) + (155 kg) (-1.38 m/s) = (282 kg) (1.10 m/s) + (115 kg) v

v = 4.03 m/s

We use the conservation of momentum to find the velocity of the 155 kg bumper car after the collision. Substituting the given values, we solve to get the final velocity as 2.99 m/s. The final velocity of the 155 kg car is 2.99 m/s.

The question is about a collision between two bumper cars and finding the velocity after the collision. We can use the principle of conservation of momentum which states that the total momentum before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.

Let's define the variables:

Using the conservation of momentum:

m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂

Substituting the given values into the equation:

(282 kg)(3.50 m/s) + (155 kg)(-1.38 m/s) = (282 kg)(1.10 m/s) + (155 kg)v₂

Simplifying:

987 kg·m/s - 213.9 kg·m/s = 310.2 kg·m/s + 155 kg·v₂

773.1 kg·m/s = 310.2 kg·m/s + 155 kg·v₂

Subtracting 310.2 kg·m/s from both sides:

462.9 kg·m/s = 155 kg·v₂

Solving for v₂:

v₂ = 462.9 kg·m/s / 155 kg = 2.99 m/s

Therefore, the final velocity of the 155 kg car after the collision is 2.99 m/s.

Molecular diffusion is the process of mass transfer as a result of a concentration difference in a mixture.

This process is related to the thermal movement of the particles and their velocity, which is a function of the temperature, the viscosity of the fluid and the size of the particles. This is how diffusion controls the net direction of the molecular flow from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration, as long as there is a difference (or gradient) of concentration.

Light can be considered as a wave or as particles, in this context Einstein proposed that light behaves like a stream of particles called photons with an energy, in order to correctly explain the photoelectric effect.

This fenomenom consists in the emission of electrons (electric current) that occurs when light falls on a metal surface under certain conditions.

So, if we consider light as a stream of photons and each of them has energy, this energy is able to pull an electron out of the crystalline lattice of the metal and communicate, in addition, a kinetic energy.

This means the photoelectric effect can only be explained based on the corpuscular model of light, that is, light is quantized.

Answer:

D. An image that is smaller than the object and is behind the mirror

Answer: [tex]6.268(10)^{-16}J[/tex]

The kinetic energy of an electron [tex]K_{e}[/tex] is given by the following equation:

[tex]K_{e}=\frac{(p_{e})^{2} }{2m_{e}}[/tex] (1)

Where:

[tex]K_{e}=15eV=2.403^{-18}J=2.403^{-18}\frac{kgm^{2}}{s^{2}}[/tex]

[tex]p_{e}[/tex] is the momentum of the electron

[tex]m_{e}=9.11(10)^{-31}kg[/tex] is the mass of the electron

From (1) we can find [tex]p_{e}[/tex]:

[tex]p_{e}=\sqrt{2K_{e}m_{e}}[/tex] (2)

[tex]p_{e}=\sqrt{2(2.403^{-18}J)(9.11(10)^{-31}kg)}[/tex]  

[tex]p_{e}=2.091(10)^{-24}\frac{kgm}{s}[/tex] (3)

Now, in order to find the wavelength of the electron [tex]\lambda_{e}[/tex] with this given kinetic energy (hence momentum), we will use the De Broglie wavelength equation:

[tex]\lambda_{e}=\frac{h}{p_{e}}[/tex] (4)  

Where:  

[tex]h=6.626(10)^{-34}J.s=6.626(10)^{-34}\frac{m^{2}kg}{s}[/tex] is the Planck constant  

So, we will use the value of [tex]p_{e}[/tex] found in (3) for equation (4):

[tex]\lambda_{e}=\frac{6.626(10)^{-34}J.s}{2.091(10)^{-24}\frac{kgm}{s}}[/tex]  

[tex]\lambda_{e}=3.168(10)^{-10}m[/tex] (5)  

We are told the wavelength of the photon [tex]\lambda_{p}[/tex] is the same as the wavelength of the electron:

[tex]\lambda_{e}=\lambda_{p}=3.168(10)^{-10}m[/tex] (6)  

Therefore we will use this wavelength to find the energy of the photon [tex]E_{p}[/tex] using the following equation:

[tex]E_{p}=\frac{hc}{lambda_{p}}[/tex] (7)  

Where [tex]c=3(10)^{8}m/s[/tex] is the speed of light in vacuum

[tex]E_{p}=\frac{(6.626(10)^{-34}J.s)(3(10)^{8}m/s)}{3.168(10)^{-10}m}[/tex]  

Finally:

[tex]E_{p}=6.268(10)^{-16}J[/tex]

The energy of a photon is about 6.3 × 10⁻¹⁶ Joule

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

The term of package of electromagnetic wave radiation energy was first introduced by Max Planck. He termed it with photons with the magnitude is :

[tex]\large {\boxed {E = h \times f}}[/tex]

E = Energi of A Photon ( Joule )

h = Planck's Constant ( 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ Js )

f = Frequency of Eletromagnetic Wave ( Hz )

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

The photoelectric effect is an effect in which electrons are released from the metal surface when illuminated by electromagnetic waves with large enough of radiation energy.

[tex]\large {\boxed {E = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 + \Phi}}[/tex]

[tex]\large {\boxed {E = qV + \Phi}}[/tex]

E = Energi of A Photon ( Joule )

m = Mass of an Electron ( kg )

v = Electron Release Speed ( m/s )

Ф = Work Function of Metal ( Joule )

q = Charge of an Electron ( Coulomb )

V = Stopping Potential ( Volt )

Let us now tackle the problem !

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

Given:

kinetic energy of an electron = Ek = 15 eV = 2.4 × 10⁻¹⁸ Joule

Asked:

energy of photon = E = ?

Solution:

Firstly , we will use the formula of kinetic energy:

[tex]Ek = \frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]

[tex]v^2 = \frac{2Ek}{m}[/tex]

[tex]v = \sqrt{ \frac{2Ek}{m}}[/tex]

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

Next , we will use the formula of The Broglie's Wavelength:

[tex]\lambda = \frac{h}{mv}[/tex]

[tex]\lambda = \frac{h}{m\sqrt{2Ek/m}}[/tex]

[tex]\lambda = \frac{h}{\sqrt{2mEk}}[/tex]

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

[tex]E = h f[/tex]

[tex]E = h \frac{c}{\lambda}[/tex]

[tex]E = h \frac{c}{\frac{h}{\sqrt{2mEk}}}[/tex]

[tex]E = c\sqrt{2mEk}[/tex]

[tex]E = 3 \times 10^8 (\sqrt{2(9.11 \times 10^{-31} \times 2.4 \times 10^{-18}}[/tex]

[tex]E \approx 6.3 \times 10^{-16} \texttt{ Joule}[/tex]

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

Grade: College

Subject: Physics

Chapter: Quantum Physics

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

Keywords: Quantum , Physics , Photoelectric , Effect , Threshold , Wavelength , Stopping , Potential , Copper , Surface , Ultraviolet , Light

A) [tex]2.4\cdot 10^{-16}kg[/tex]

The radius of the oil droplet is half of its diameter:

[tex]r=\frac{d}{2}=\frac{0.80 \mu m}{2}=0.40 \mu m = 0.4\cdot 10^{-6}m[/tex]

Assuming the droplet is spherical, its volume is given by

[tex]V=\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 = \frac{4}{3}\pi (0.4\cdot 10^{-6} m)^3=2.68\cdot 10^{-19} m^3[/tex]

The density of the droplet is

[tex]\rho=885 kg/m^3[/tex]

Therefore, the mass of the droplet is equal to the product between volume and density:

[tex]m=\rho V=(885 kg/m^3)(2.68\cdot 10^{-19} m^3)=2.4\cdot 10^{-16}kg[/tex]

B) [tex]1.5\cdot 10^{-18}C[/tex]

The potential difference across the electrodes is

[tex]V=17.8 V[/tex]

and the distance between the plates is

[tex]d=11 mm=0.011 m[/tex]

So the electric field between the electrodes is

[tex]E=\frac{V}{d}=\frac{17.8 V}{0.011 m}=1618.2 V/m[/tex]

The droplet hangs motionless between the electrodes if the electric force on it is equal to the weight of the droplet:

[tex]qE=mg[/tex]

So, from this equation, we can find the charge of the droplet:

[tex]q=\frac{mg}{E}=\frac{(2.4\cdot 10^{-16}kg)(9.81 m/s^2)}{1618.2 V/m}=1.5\cdot 10^{-18}C[/tex]

C) Surplus of 9 electrons

The droplet is hanging near the upper electrode, which is positive: since unlike charges attract each other, the droplet must be negatively charged. So the real charge on the droplet is

[tex]q=-1.5\cdot 10^{-18}C[/tex]

we can think this charge has made of N excess electrons, so the net charge is given by

[tex]q=Ne[/tex]

where

[tex]e=-1.6\cdot 10^{-19}C[/tex] is the charge of each electron

Re-arranging the equation for N, we find:

[tex]N=\frac{q}{e}=\frac{-1.5\cdot 10^{-18}C}{-1.6\cdot 10^{-19}C}=9.4 \sim 9[/tex]

so, a surplus of 9 electrons.

Answer: 126 secs

Explanation: he gains 2 steps every time and it takes 9 2 steps to reach 18 meters so what u do is take that 9 and multiply it to 14 (8+6) giving u ur answer of 126 secs.

The radiation pressure force on the Earth due to the Sun's light is approximately 1.09 x 109 Newtons, and it is roughly 3.1 x 10-14 the Sun's gravitational force on Earth.

The intensity of sunlight reaching the earth is given as 1360 W/m2. The pressure due to radiation can be calculated using the formula P = E/c, where P is pressure, E is energy and c is the speed of light. From this formula, we find that the radiation pressure force on Earth is roughly 4.53 x 10-6 N/m2.

(a) In Newtons:
The radiation pressure in Newtons will depend on the cross-sectional area exposed to sunlight. For the entire Earth, we would use the cross-sectional area of a circle with radius equals to Earth's radius (6.37 x 106 m). This gives us an approximate radiation pressure force of 1.09 x 109 Newtons.

(b) As a fraction of the Sun's gravitational force:
The gravitational force (Fg) between Earth and the Sun can be calculated using the formula Fg = GMm/r2, with G being the gravitational constant, M the mass of the Sun, m the mass of Earth and r the distance between Earth and the Sun. This gives an approximate Fg of 3.54 x 1022 Newtons. Hence, the radiation force is roughly 3.1 x 10-14 the Sun's gravitational force on Earth.

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The radiation pressure force on the Earth can be calculated using the intensity of sunlight and the surface area of the Earth. The force is approximately 1.09858256 × 10^7 N and is about 1.37 × 10^-38 times the Sun's gravitational force on the Earth.

The radiation pressure force on the Earth can be calculated using the formula:

Force = Intensity × Area

Given that the intensity of sunlight reaching the Earth is 1360 W/m2 and assuming all the sunlight is absorbed, we can calculate the force:

Force = 1360 W/m2 × Area

The area of the Earth can be calculated using the formula for the surface area of a sphere:

Area = 4πr2

Where r is the radius of the Earth. Plugging in the value of the radius of the Earth, we can solve for the force:

(a) The radiation pressure force on the Earth is approximately 1.09858256 × 10^7 N.

(b) To find the force as a fraction of the Sun's gravitational force on the Earth, we need to calculate the gravitational force between the Sun and the Earth. Using Newton's law of gravitation:

Force = G × (mass of the Sun)(mass of the Earth) / (distance between the Sun and the Earth)^2

The mass of the Sun is about 2 × 10^30 kg. The mass of the Earth is about 6 × 10^24 kg. The average distance between the Sun and the Earth is about 1.5 × 10^11m. Plugging these values into the formula, we can calculate the gravitational force:

The radiation pressure force as a fraction of the Sun's gravitational force on the Earth can be calculated as:

Fraction = (Radiation Pressure Force) / (Gravitational Force)

(b) The radiation pressure force on the Earth is approximately 1.37 × 10^-38 times the Sun's gravitational force on the Earth.

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In the troposphere, the temperature generally decreases with altitude. The reason is that the troposphere's gases absorb very little of the incoming solar radiation. Instead, the ground absorbs this radiation and then heats the tropospheric air by conduction and convection.

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A) 16.1 N

The magnitude of the electric force between the corks is given by Coulomb's law:

[tex]F=k\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}[/tex]

where

k is the Coulomb's constant

[tex]q_1 = 6.0 \mu C=6.0 \cdot 10^{-6} C[/tex] is the magnitude of the charge on the first cork

[tex]q_2 = 4.3 \mu C = 4.3 \cdot 10^{-6}C[/tex] is the magnitude of the charge of the second cork

r = 0.12 m is the separation between the two corks

Substituting numbers into the formula, we find

[tex]F=(9\cdot 10^9 N m^2 C^{-2} )\frac{(6.0\cdot 10^{-6}C)(4.3\cdot 10^{-6} C)}{(0.12 m)^2}=16.1 N[/tex]

B) Attractive

According to Coulomb's law, the direction of the electric force between two charged objects depends on the sign of the charge of the two objects.

In particular, we have:

- if the two objects have charges with same sign (e.g. positive-positive or negative-negative), the force is repulsive

- if the two objects have charges with opposite sign (e.g. positive-negative), the force is attractive

In this problem, we have

Cork 1 has a positive charge

Cork 2 has a negative charge

So, the force between them is attractive.

C) [tex]2.69\cdot 10^{13}[/tex]

The net charge of the negative cork is

[tex]q_2 = -4.3 \cdot 10^{-6}C[/tex]

We know that the charge of a single electron is

[tex]e=-1.6\cdot 10^{-19}C[/tex]

The net charge on the negative cork is due to the presence of N excess electrons, so we can write

[tex]q_2 = Ne[/tex]

and solving for N, we find the number of excess electrons:

[tex]N=\frac{q_2}{e}=\frac{-4.3\cdot 10^{-6} C}{-1.6\cdot 10^{-19} C}=2.69\cdot 10^{13}[/tex]

D) [tex]3.75\cdot 10^{13}[/tex]

The net charge on the positive cork is

[tex]q_1 = +6.0\cdot 10^{-6}C[/tex]

We know that the charge of a single electron is

[tex]e=-1.6\cdot 10^{-19}C[/tex]

The net charge on the positive cork is due to the "absence" of N excess electrons, so we can write

[tex]q_1 = -Ne[/tex]

and solving for N, we find the number of electrons lost by the cork:

[tex]N=-\frac{q_1}{e}=-\frac{+6.0\cdot 10^{-6} C}{-1.6\cdot 10^{-19} C}=3.75\cdot 10^{13}[/tex]

Answer:

Microwaves and radio waves

Explanation:

The electromagnetic spectrum is the classification of the electromagnetic waves according to their wavelength.

From shortest to longest wavelength, they are classified as follows:

Gamma rays < 6 pm

X-rays 6 pm - 10 nm

Ultraviolet 10 nm - 380 nm

Visible light 380 nm - 750 nm

Infrared radiation [tex]750 nm - 5 \mu m[/tex]

Microwaves [tex]5 \mu m -0.3 m[/tex]

Radio waves > 0.3 m

From the list, we see that infrared rays have shorter wavelength than microwaves and radiowaves.

Infrared rays have longer wavelengths than visible light and ultraviolet radiation, falling in the range of 0.74(5m) to 1 mm, and are typically emitted by objects near room temperature. They are lower in energy and frequency compared to ultraviolet radiation, and are responsible for the warming sensation experienced when absorbed by the skin.

In answer to your question: Infrared rays have a shorter wavelength than microwaves. Infrared radiation, including infrared rays, falls below visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum with longer wavelengths and shorter frequencies than visible light. It ranges from about 0.74 micrometers (5m) to 1 millimeter (mm), corresponding to frequencies roughly from 300 gigahertz (GHz) to 400 terahertz (THz). Infrared rays are of lower energy compared to not only visible light but also ultraviolet radiation, which has a shorter wavelength and higher frequency than both visible light and infrared radiation.

Objects near room temperature emit most of the thermal radiation in the infrared range. Infrared light is emitted or absorbed by molecules when they change their rotational-vibrational movements. The sensation of warmth we often associate with infrared waves is due to the absorption of this radiation by our skin, which causes molecules to vibrate and increase in kinetic energy.

1.

C) it moves in the same direction as the force

D) The object moves in the opposite direction of the force

Work is defined as follows:

[tex]W=Fdcos \theta[/tex]

where

F is the magnitude of the force applied on an object

d is the displacement of the object

[tex]\theta[/tex] is the angle between the direction of the force and of the displacement

As we see from the formula, when d=0 (the object does not move), then W=0 (no work done). While we have work done if the object is moving. In particular, we have two situations:

- The object moves in the same direction as the force: [tex]\theta=0^{\circ}[/tex], so [tex]cos \theta= 1[/tex] and the work done is positive

- The object moves in the opposite direction of the force: [tex]\theta=180^{\circ}[/tex], so [tex]cos \theta= -1[/tex] and the work done is negative

2. B) Ben has more power than Jerry.

Power is defined as:

[tex]P=\frac{W}{t}[/tex] (1)

where

W is the work done

t is the time taken

Work is the product of force and displacement. Since Ben and Jerry lift the same mass (250 kg), they apply the same force, and since they lift the barbell the same distance in air the same number of times (10), the displacement is also the same: so, they did the same work.

However, Ben did it in less time (5 s) then Jerry (25 s): looking at eq.(1), we see that less time means more power, so Ben has more power than Jerry.

3. C) UV light energy

The electromagnetic spectrum is the classification of all electromagnetic waves according to their different wavelength.

From shortest to longest wavelength, we have:

Gamma rays

X-rays

UV (ultraviolet)

Visible light

Infrared radiation

Microwaves

Radio waves

So, we see that UV light energy (ultraviolet radiation) is a type of electromagnetic waves.

4. C) If the balloon acquires charge, Sam's hair loses charge

The law of conservation of charge applied to this case states that the total charge on Sam hair and the balloon before must be equal to the total charge after: no charge can be created or destroyed in the process, but only moved from one object to the other.

In this example, Sam rubs the balloon on his head: electrons are transferred from Sam's hair to the balloon's surface. Therefore, we can say that the balloon has acquired negative charge, while Sam's hair has lost negative charge.

It takes approximately 88 Earth days for Mercury to orbit the sun.

Hope I helped, sorry if I'm wrong ouo.

~Potato

Copyright Potato 2019.

Answer:

87.96926 Days =88 days

Explanation:

Average speed 105,947 miles per hour.

Answer:

The specific heat of B is greater than that of A.

Explanation:

The amount of heat lost by A is:

q = m C ΔT

q = (200 g) Ca (100°C - 50°C)

q = 10,000 Ca

The amount of heat gained by B is:

q = (100 g) Cb (50°C - 0°C)

q = 5,000 Cb

Since the heat lost by A = heat gained by B:

10,000 Ca = 5,000 Cb

2 Ca = Cb

So the heat capacity of B is double the heat capacity of A.  Answer 5.

Taking into account the definition of calorimetry, the correct answer is option 5: The specific heat of B is greater than that of A.  

Calorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.

Sensible heat is defined as the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change).

So, the equation that allows to calculate heat exchanges is:

Q = c× m× ΔT

where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation.

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the expression to calculate heat exchanges:

For liquid A: QliquidA= [tex]c_{A}[/tex] × 200 g× (50 C - 100 C)

For liquid B: QliquidB= [tex]c_{B}[/tex] × 100 g× (50 C - 0 C)

If two isolated bodies or systems exchange energy in the form of heat, the quantity received by one of them is equal to the quantity transferred by the other body. That is, the total energy exchanged remains constant, it is conserved.

Then, the heat that the liquid A gives up will be equal to the heat that the liquid B receives. Therefore:

- QliquidA = + QliquidB

- [tex]c_{A}[/tex] × 200 g× (50 C - 100 C)= [tex]c_{B}[/tex] × 100 g× (50 C - 0 C)

Solving:

- [tex]c_{A}[/tex] × 200 g× ( - 50 C)= [tex]c_{B}[/tex] × 100 g× (50 C)

[tex]c_{A}[/tex] × 10,000 gC= [tex]c_{B}[/tex] × 5,000 gC

([tex]c_{A}[/tex] × 10,000 gC) ÷ 5,000 gC= [tex]c_{B}[/tex]

[tex]c_{A}[/tex] × 2= [tex]c_{B}[/tex]

Finally, the correct answer is option 5: The specific heat of B is greater than that of A.  

Learn more:

(a) 18717 N

Newton's second law in this situation can be written as:

[tex]\sum F = T-W = ma[/tex] (1)

where

T is the tension in the cable, pointing upward

W is the weight of the elevator+passengers, pointing downward

m is the mass of the elevator+passengers (1700 kg)

a is the acceleration of the system (1.20 m/s^2, upward)

The weight is equal to the product between the mass, m, and the gravitational acceleration, g:

[tex]W=mg=(1700 kg)(9.81 m/s^2)=16,677 N[/tex]

So now we can solve eq.(1) to find T, the tension in the cable:

[tex]T=W+ma=16,677 N +(1700 kg)(1.20 m/s^2)=18,717 N[/tex]

(b) 16677 N

In this situation, the elevator is moving with constant velocity: this means that its acceleration is zero,

a = 0

So Newton's second law becomes

[tex]\sum F = T-W = 0[/tex]

and so we find

[tex]T=W=16,677 N[/tex]

(c) 15657 N

During the deceleration phase, Newton's second law can be written as:

[tex]\sum F = T-W = ma[/tex] (1)

Where the acceleration here points downward (because the elevator is decelerating), as the weight W, so we can write it as a negative number:

a = -0.600 m/s^2

we can solve the equation to find T, the tension in the cable:

[tex]T=W+ma=16,677 N +(1700 kg)(-0.600 m/s^2)=15,657 N[/tex]

(d) 19.35 m, 0 m/s

Distance covered during the first part of the motion; we know that

u = 0 is the initial velocity

a = 1.20 m/s^2 is the acceleration

t = 1.50 s is the time

So the distance covered is given by

[tex]d_1=ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2 = (0)(1.50 s)+\frac{1}{2}(1.20 m/s^2)(1.50 s)^2=1.35 m[/tex]

and the final velocity after this phase is

[tex]v_1=u+at=0+(1.20 m/s^2)(1.50 s)=1.8 m/s[/tex]

During the 2nd part of the motion, the elevator moves at constant speed of 1.8 m/s for t=8.50 s, so the distance covered here is

[tex]d_2 = v_1 t =(1.8 m/s)(8.50 s)=15.3 m[/tex]

Finally, in the third part the elevator decelerates at a = -0.600 m/s^2 for t = 3.00 s. So, the distance covered here is

[tex]d_3 = v_1 t + \frac{1}{2}at^2=(1.8 m/s)(3.00 s) + \frac{1}{2}(-0.600 m/s^2)(3.00 s)^2=2.7 m[/tex]

and the final velocity is

[tex]v_3 = v_1 +at = 1.8 m/s +(-0.600 m/s^2)(3.00 s)=0[/tex]

and the total distance covered is

[tex]d=d_1 +d_2+d_3=1.35 m+15.30 m+2.70 m=19.35 m[/tex]

Answer:

distance = 6 m

Explanation:

- Distance is a scalar quantity (so, only magnitude, no direction), and it is calculated as the scalar sum of all the distances travelled by an object during its motion, regardless of the direction. So, in this problem, the distance covered by the pinecone is

d = 4 m + 2 m = 6 m

- Displacement is a vector quantity (magnitude+direction), and its magnitude is calculate as the distance in a straight line between the final position and the initial position of the object. In this case, the final position is 2 m west and the initial position is 0 m, so the displacement of the pinecone is

d = 2 m west - 0 m = 2 m west

So, a scalar quantity from this scenario is

distance = 6 m

Answer:

- Distance is a scalar quantity, defined as the total amount of space covered by an object while moving between the final position and the initial position. Therefore, it depends on the path the object has taken: the distance will be minimum if the object has travelled in a straight line, while it will be larger if the object has taken a non-straight path.

- Displacement is a vector quantity, whose magnitude is equal to the distance (measured in a straight line) between the final position and the initial position of the object. Therefore, the displacement does NOT depend on the path taken, but only on the initial and final point of the motion.

If the object has travelled in a straight path, then the displacement is equal to the distance. In all other cases, the distance is always larger than the displacement.

A particular case is when an object travel in a circular motion. Assuming the object completes one full circle, we have:

- The distance is the circumference of the circle

- The displacement is zero, because the final point corresponds to the initial point

Answer:

The order is:

Radioactive decay produces heat.

Boiling water produces steam.

Steam spins turbines.

Electricity is generated.

Explanation:

A nuclear power plant uses heat from nuclear reactions to create steam from water. This steam spins turbines, which generate electricity.

A nuclear power plant produces electricity using the heat generated by the nuclear reactions or radioactive decay within the reactor. The heat generated through this process is used to heat water, forming steam. Following this, in order:

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Answer:

re believed to influence the Earth's magnetic field. ... As heat is transferred outward toward the mantle, the net trend is for the inner boundary of the liquid region to freeze, causing the solid inner core to grow

Explanation:

Final answer:

Convection in the Earth's outer core, caused by heat from radioactive decay and Earth's cooling, leads to the movement of conductive materials like iron and nickel. These movements generate the Earth's magnetic field, essential for maintaining our atmosphere and conditions favorable for life.

Explanation:

Convection in the Earth's outer core is driven by the heat generated from the decay of radioactive elements and the cooling of the Earth's interior. This heat causes the liquid iron and nickel in the outer core to move in convective currents. As these substances are metallic and thus conductive at the high temperatures and pressures found in the core, their movement generates the Earth's magnetic field. This magnetic field is crucial for maintaining the atmosphere and the conditions necessary for life on Earth. Without the convection in the outer core and the resulting magnetic field, Earth might lose essential gases in its atmosphere, similarly to what happened on Mars.

the brightest star in the night sky is Sirius A

The brightest star in the night sky is Sirius A.

Sirius A is the brightest star that we see in the night sky. It is a binary system with a white dwarf orbiting a main-sequence star. Despite common misconceptions, Sirius is the actual brightest star, not Polaris.

Answer: d

Explanation:

Answer:

Bright spot

Explanation:

When we have interference between two identical and coherent beams, the conditions for constructive interference (bright spots) and destructive interference (dark spots) are:

- Costructive interference: the path-length differences between the two waves is an integer multiple of the wavelength of the waves:

[tex]|d_1 - d_2| = n \lambda[/tex]

where the term on the left is the path difference, and [tex]\lambda[/tex] is the wavelength

- Destructive interference: the path-length differences between the two waves is an odd multiple of half the wavelength of the waves:

[tex]|d_1 - d_2| = (n+\frac{1}{2}) \lambda[/tex]

In this problem, the path-length difference is 2 wavelengths: so, it is an integer multiple of the wavelength, therefore the point is a point of constructive inteference (bright spot).

A path-length difference of two wavelengths between two coherent beams results in a bright spot on the screen due to constructive interference. This is related to double slit experiments, which display evenly spaced bright fringes.

If two identical and coherent beams of light have a path-length difference of two wavelengths when they arrive on a screen, they will produce a bright spot. This is because a path-length difference of an integer number of wavelengths, such as two wavelengths, results in constructive interference. Constructive interference occurs when the crest of one wave overlaps with the crest of another, leading to an increase in amplitude and thus a bright fringe on the screen. This principle is at work in both single and double slit experiments.

In the context of single slit and double slit interference, evenly spaced bright spots are a characteristic of double slit experiments. On the other hand, the observation that some bright spots are dimmer on either side of the center is typical in single slit interference patterns because of the different path lengths and resulting interference effects.

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Answer:

Gas atoms subjected to electricity emit bright lines.

Explanation:

Gas atoms subject to electricity emit bright lines. This can be seen in fluorescent lamps, for example.

Fluorescent lamps work by ionizing atoms of argon gas and mercury vapor. After receiving an electric current, ionization occurs, at that moment the atoms are accelerated by the potential difference established between the lamp terminals and emit bright light and electromagnetic waves when they return to the natural state.

Answer:

A. Gas atoms subjected to electricity emit bright lines.

Explanation:

Answer:

0.025 m

Explanation:

The coin completes 18 revolutions in 12 seconds. The angular velocity of the coin is:

[tex]\omega = \frac{18 rev}{12 s} \cdot (2\pi \frac{rad}{rev})=9.42 rad/s[/tex]

The centripetal acceleration of the edge of the coin is given by

[tex]a=\omega^2 r[/tex]

where we have

a = 2.2 m/s^2 is the acceleration

r is the radius of the coin

Solving for r, we find

[tex]r=\frac{a}{\omega^2}=\frac{2.2 m/s^2}{(9.42 rad/s^2)^2}=0.025 m[/tex]

Answer: 0.025 m or 2.5m

Explanation:

The number of spins given in 12 seconds = 18

So the number of spins in 1 second will be

= 18 / 12 = 1.5rps

The above result is the frequency because it is the number of spins in one second

Let f be frequency

f = 1.5 rps

Using centripetal acceleration given

Ca = 2.2 m/s^2

m is the radius of the given coin

Using the formula

Centripetal acceleration, = m x w^2

Knowing that w = 2πf

2.2 = m x ( 2 x 3.14 x 1.5) ^2

2.2 = m x 88.7364

m = 0.025 m

Answer:

it will become a negatively charged ion

Explanation:

Answer:

Answer:C.

Explanation:

Blueshift"If a star is moving towards the earth, its light is shifted to higher frequencies on the color spectrum (towards the green/blue/violet/ultraviolet/x-ray/gamma-ray end of the spectrum). A higher frequency shift is called a "blue shift"

Blueshift is the best term to describe how light waves from a star are affected as the star moves toward earth.

So, the correct answer is option C blueshift.

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1) No

Explanation:

The period of a pendulum is given by

[tex]T=2\pi \sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}[/tex]

where

L is the length of the pendulum

g is the acceleration due to gravity

The value of g, acceleration due to gravity, is not exactly the same in all locations of the Earth. In fact, its value is given by

[tex]g=\frac{GM}{r^2}[/tex]

where G is the gravitational constant, M is the Earth's mass, and r the distance of the point from the Earth's center. This means that at the top of a mountain, r is slightly larger than at the Earth's surface, so the value of g is slightly smaller at the top of the mountain, and therefore the period of the pendulum will also be different (it will be slightly longer than at Earth's surface).

2) We need to decrease the length of the pendulum

Again, the period is given by

[tex]T=2\pi \sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}[/tex] (1)

If the clock is running slow, it means that its period T' is slightly longer than the expected period T: so, we need to shorten the period.

From eq.(1), we see that the period is proportional to the square root of the length of the pendulum, L: therefore, if the length increases the period increases, and if the length decreases, the period will decreases.

Here we want to shorten the period: therefore, according to the equation, we need to decrease the length of the pendulum.

3)

The torque of a force applied is given by

[tex]\tau = Fd sin \theta[/tex]

where

F is the magnitude of the force

d is the distance between the point of application of the force and the pivot point

[tex]\theta[/tex] is the angle between the direction of the force and d

So we have:

a) If we have a large force F, it is possible to produce a small torque by decreasing d, so by applying the force really close to the pivot, or by decreasing [tex]\theta[/tex], which means applying the force as more parallel as possible to d. The torque will be even zero if d=0 (force applied at the pivot point) or if [tex]\theta=0^{\circ}[/tex] (force parallel to d)

b) if we have a small force F, it is possible to produce a large torque by increasing d, so by applying the force really far to the pivot, or by increasing [tex]\theta[/tex], which means applying the force as more perpendicular as possible to d.

If a pendulum clock is accurate at the base of a mountain, it may not be accurate at the top because gravity is weaker at higher altitudes. To adjust a slow grandfather clock, shorten the pendulum. Torque depends on both force and its application point, so large forces can produce small torques and small forces can produce large torques.

1) If a pendulum clock keeps perfect time at the base of a mountain, it may not keep perfect time at the top due to a slight variation in the acceleration due to gravity. A pendulum clock's timing depends on gravity, and at higher altitudes, gravity is slightly weaker which would affect the clock's accuracy.

2) If a grandfather clock is running slow, the length of the pendulum needs to be shortened to increase the rate at which the pendulum swings, thereby correcting the time.

3) (a) A large force can produce a small or zero torque if the force is applied directly along the line of action of the pivot point, as torque is a measure of rotational force and depends on both the amount of force applied and its distance from the pivot.

(b) A small force can produce a large torque if applied at a large distance from the pivot point, as torque is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot - thus, even a small force can create significant torque if applied far enough away from the pivot.

For a pendulum clock moved to a location with greater gravity, you would need to shorten the pendulum to maintain the same period and keep correct time.

In summer, the pendulum of a clock generally expands due to heat, which makes the clock run slower, while in winter, it would contract and make the clock run faster.

Answer:

The correct answer is B.

Explanation:

Stars start their lives being dense clouds of gas and dust. After a star is formed, it begins to burn hydrogen and transform it into helium. Once the hydrogen is depleted, new stages of nuclear combustion begin, such as burning helium to obtain heavier elements. This stage is shorter in larger stars since the greater the mass of a star, the greater the temperature in its nucleus and the greater the rate of fusion of hydrogen into helium, with which the fuel is depleted more quickly.

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Scientists have recently discovered one the smallest stars on record. How long will this star last compared to a larger star formed at the same time is  B. The smaller star will last longer than the larger star because it burns less fuel.

The length of time a star can live is mainly decided by how much mass it has. Smaller stars weigh less and therefore use up their fuel more slowly than bigger stars. This means that smaller stars can live longer because they use fuel at a slower rate.

The amount of fuel,  usually hydrogen, in a star determines how long it can keep producing energy through nuclear fusion. Smaller stars have cooler centers and lower pressure, so they can burn fuel more slowly and efficiently. As a result, they can live much longer than bigger stars.

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Answer:

it increases by a factor 1.07

Explanation:

The peak wavelength of an object is given by Wien's displacement law:

[tex]\lambda=\frac{b}{T}[/tex] (1)

where

b is the Wien's displacement constant

T is the temperature (in Kelvins) of the object

given the relationship between frequency and wavelength of an electromagnetic wave:

[tex]f=\frac{c}{\lambda}[/tex]

where c is the speed of light, we can rewrite (1) as

[tex]\frac{c}{f}=\frac{b}{T}\\f=\frac{Tc}{b}[/tex]

So the peak frequency is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin.

In this problem, the temperature of the object changes from

[tex]T_1 = 20.0^{\circ}+273=293 K[/tex]

to

[tex]T_2 = 40.0^{\circ}+273 = 313 K[/tex]

so the peak frequency changes by a factor

[tex]\frac{f_2}{f_1} \propto \frac{T_2}{T_1}=\frac{313 K}{293 K}=1.07[/tex]