Full question:
When 68-year-old mrs. blake had a flat tire on a fairly isolated highway, she received from a passerby in less than 10 minutes. one year later, when she had a flat tire on a busy freeway, an hour elapsed before someone finally stopped to offer assistance. mrs. blake’s experience best illustrates
a) the fundamental attribution error.
b) the mere exposure effect.
c) group polarization.
d) the bystander effect.
Answer:
Mrs. Blake's experience best illustrates the bystander effect
Explanation:
The title bystander effect relates to the aspect in which the higher the number of people being, the small suitable people are to support a person in trouble. When an impasse transpires, bystanders are more prone to hold action if there are fewer or no other observers.
The cultural and behavioral insensibility explained by the bystander effect can be overcome with apprehension and in some cases specific training. By personalizing and individualizing your inquiry, it grows much more troublesome for people to turn you down.
Mrs. Blake's differing experiences with receiving help on an isolated highway versus a busy freeway illustrate the bystander effect, where the presence of more people actually decreases the likelihood of any one individual offering help due to diffused responsibility.
Explanation:Mrs. Blake's experiences on the isolated highway versus the busy freeway best illustrate the phenomenon known as the bystander effect. This social psychological phenomenon implies that individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. The more witnesses there are, the more responsibility is diffused, leading to a decrease in the likelihood that any one person will step forward to offer assistance.
This effect was studied extensively following the case of Kitty Genovese, where multiple witnesses did not intervene in an emergency situation. In Mrs. Blake's case, the isolated highway scenario might have triggered an immediate sense of responsibility in the passerby who stopped to help, as he was likely the only witness. Conversely, on the busy freeway, the presence of many potential helpers created a diffusion of responsibility, leading to a delayed response to help Mrs. Blake.
Compared to intangible resources, in terms of their value, tangible resources are __________ constrained because they are __________ to leverage. Group of answer choices more; harder less; harder less; easier more; easier
less, easier
Explanation:
Tangible Resources- They are the resources which include physical things such as machines, cash, inventories, buildings etc. These are less constrained and can be quickly liquidated or leveraged to earn additional wealth.
Intangible resources- These resources include patents, copyrights, innovation, design etc. They are the product of the ingenuity of the human mind. These are hard to leverage for adequate value. Absence of a physical form but having monetary worth is the prime characteristic of intangible assets.
Thus, the missing words can be filled up as less and easier
Tangible resources are more constrained than intangible resources due to the difficulty in leveraging them. Unlike intangible resources that can be adjusted to varying needs with relative ease, tangible resources, like physical assets, are more rigid.
Explanation:Compared to intangible resources, in terms of their value, tangible resources are more constrained because they are harder to leverage. Tangible resources, such as physical assets like machinery or infrastructure, are more difficult to expand, adapt, or redeploy rapidly in response to changing market conditions. In contrast, intangible resources like skills, intellectual property, or reputation, can be more easily leveraged to create value as they can be adapted more readily to different situations.
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Three-month-old Georgia shakes her rattle because she loves to hear it, but when the rattle slips under the covers, it’s "out of sight, out of mind." According to Piaget, Georgia is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.
Mike is walking down the street and notices an elderly female with shopping bags in both hands and her purse dangling from her wrist. After assessing the situation, he decides to grab her purse and run as there are few people on the sidewalk to slow his escape. Mike hopes to find cash in the purse so that he can buy food for his homeless family. If Mike is caught, arrested, and sent to a detention facility for his crime, what delinquency prevention strategy is being followed? Select one: a. Crackdown b. General deterrence c. Situational crime prevention d. Specific deterrence
Answer: d) Specific deterrence
Explanation:
Specific deterrence is sort of punishment that is given to a person to reduce criminal behavior in future. Thus, the offender will not try to perform such illegal act due to discouragement caused by punishment.
According to the question, Mike will be subjected to specific deterrence so that he does not perform such criminal act in future for any reason. Tendency of theft will reduce in him because of arrest and punishment.
Other options are incorrect because General deterrence,Crackdown and Situational crime prevention are not the delinquency prevention method used for Mike for his crime.Thus, the correct option is option(d).
The delinquency prevention strategy being followed in this scenario is: d. Specific deterrence.
Specific deterrence is a delinquency prevention strategy focused on deterring individual offenders from engaging in future criminal behavior. In the scenario provided, Mike's actions of snatching an elderly woman's purse reflect criminal behavior. If he is caught, arrested, and sent to a detention facility, the aim is to make him understand the consequences of his actions and deter him from committing similar crimes in the future.
The idea is that the punishment he faces will act as a deterrent specific to him, discouraging him from repeating such actions and promoting law-abiding behavior. Specific deterrence seeks to address the individual offender's behavior through legal consequences and penalties. Option D is correct.
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Demand for healthy kidneys is high in both India in Nepal. But it is also illegal to buy or sell organs. Despite the legal and social disapproval, there is an illegal market for organs. Assuming the legal and social disapproval does not influence buyers but discourages sellers from offering organs, the disapproval will _______.
Answer:
Raise price but lower quantity.
Explanation:
The kidney is a very important organ. It is a feasible organ. Many of the people are there who lives a happy life with their only one kidney. There is one-third doner of kidney in the world. The kidney is a very important organ that makes whole life healthy if this organ is healthy.
But there are very fewer people who donate their organs to stranger people. Most of the people are there who donate only their family members. Around the third proportion of the living donor of a healthy kidney and these lead to healthy life outcomes.
Answer:
Price of organ (kidneys) would increase.
Explanation:
Any market is at equilibrium where demand = supply & the curves intersect. Demand & supply curves are downward & upward sloping respectively, because of respective negative & positive relationship with price.
If the legal & social disapproval for sale of organ (kidney) doesn't influence buyers but discourages sellers from offering organs :
The demand for organ (kidney) will remain same, but the supply of organ (kidney) will decrease. This will shift the upward sloping supply curve leftwards & it would create excess demand. Excess demand would create competition among buyers & would increase the price of organ (kidney).
_____ refers to the cooperative learning method that emphasizes the following elements: face-to-face interaction, positive interdependence, individual accountability, and development of interpersonal group skills.
Answer:
Learning together
Explanation:
Learning together: In cooperative learning methods, the term "learning together" is described as one of the learning techniques which was proposed by R.T. Johnson and D.W. Johnson. The important features or characteristics of learning together technique are sharing specific materials and opinions, the existence of the group goal, group reward, and the division of labor.
In the question above, the given statement represents the "learning together" technique.
Carter is having difficulty learning to read. Although he is in third grade, his teacher says that he does not seem to have a conscious understanding that language is made up of sounds. Carter has a deficit in _____.
Full question:
Carter is having difficulty learning to read. Although he is in third grade, his teacher says that he does not seem to have a conscious understanding that language is made up of sounds. Carter has a deficit in
a. attention
b. word recall
c. reading comprehension
d. phonological awareness
Answer:
Carter has a deficit in phonological awareness
Explanation:
Phonological awareness is the basis for acquiring to read. It’s the capacity to understand and manage accents in spoken conversation. Some kids pick it up easily, but others require more guidance with it. Phonological awareness is built up of an assortment of skills.
Phonemic awareness holds the capacity to divide a word into the sounds that deliver it up and combine single tones into words. Phonological awareness enables one to frequent, distinguish, recognize, and manage sounds at the sentence, word, syllable, and phoneme level.
Carter has a deficit in phonemic awareness, a crucial skill for reading that involves understanding the sounds within words. This skill predicts future reading success and its absence can be indicative of dyslexia.
Explanation:Carter appears to have a deficit in phonemic awareness, which is the understanding of the component sounds within words. This skill is essential in learning to read because it allows children to recognize the sounds that letters represent and how they combine to form words. Research has shown that phonemic awareness is the strongest predictor of reading achievement in third and fourth grade, even more so than IQ or social class background. Furthermore, teaching children phonemic awareness skills at ages 4 and 5 leads to better reading abilities in later years, which is critical given that difficulties with phonemic awareness can be associated with dyslexia. Dyslexic children often struggle with recognizing how letters correlate with sounds, leading to challenges in reading and spelling.
If a performance standard is found to be stable or consistent over time, it is said to be: a. relevant. b. free from contamination. c. valid. d. reliable.
Answer: Reliable.
Explanation:
Reliability is a term used in statistics and psychometric evaluations. These refer to the stability or consistency of the data obtained in an investigation.
For an investigation to be considered valid, it must be consistent over time, and under similar circumstances. Otherwise, it is considered that the research is not valid enough to accept the results obtained as accurate.
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Oliver is trying to make an online purchase, but he does not have his credit card. He calls his wife, who reads out the 16-digit credit card number to him. Unfortunately, Oliver cannot remember the number long enough to type it into the computer. This is because:________.
Answer:
short-term memory is limited in duration and capacity
Explanation:
Short-term memory: In psychology, the term "short-term memory" is described as one of the parts of the "information processing model" which was introduced by Atkinson and Shiffrin.
Short-term memory is also referred active or primary memory and is determined as the capacity of an individual's brain to hold, yet not manipulating the specific amount of a piece of information in his or her mind in the active form, so that it can be present in a readily available form for a short duration.
The duration of short-term memory of an individual related to any specific events or situations lasts for about thirty seconds to a few days.
As Emma spoke, the audience perceived her to be competent about the topic, honest and sincere, and to be a dynamic speaker. These perceptions greatly increase Emma's ______. a. ego b. attitude c. credibility d. demographics
Answer:
These perceptions greatly increase Emma's C. credibility.
Explanation:
Credibility is a quality in which an individual is perceived as trustworthy and convincing. To have credibility is to be able to inspire others to believe, the information provided must be reliable.
In this case, we can see Emma is gaining credibility from her audience since they perceive her as a competent individual about her topic, as well as sincere and dynamic.
Answer:
Option c ==> credibility.
Explanation:
When someone is said to be trustworthy or believable then we say that the person is credible and the act of being credible is known as credibility. Being credible can also be referred to being reliable and one can count in that person to say the truth and be honest about a subject matter.
The audience in the question above; ''perceived her to be competent about the topic, honest and sincere...'' note those two words HONEST and SINCERE. And that matches the definition for credibility.
Visual mixing is often associated with the post-Impressionist era of the late nineteenth century and can be observed in the works of artists such as Seurat and van Gogh. The techniques of ____________ and _________ both use small bits of juxtaposed color to produce different color sensations.
Answer:
pointilism and divisionism
Explanation:
HiSpark Inc., a leading sports accessories brand, believes that it has to possess rare, hard-to-imitate technology, valuable brand name, and organizationally embedded culture to achieve consistent success as a multinational enterprise. In this case, HiSpark Inc. is focusing on:
Answer: Ownership advantage.
Explanation:
Ownership advantage is defined as certain advantage persisted by any firm that has intangible assets to generate competitive advantage.This advantage includes assets like right over property,recognization of brand,etc.
According to the question,HiSpark Inc. is using ownership advantage as they have intangible assets in the company through which they want to create competitive advantage such as exceptional technology, brand name rares process etc.
Functional departmentalization:a.groups and arranges activities around products or product groups.b.groups jobs based on basic managerial functions such as planning and controlling.c.structures activities on the basis of defined geographic sites or areas.d.groups together jobs involving the same or similar activities.
Answer:
d.groups together jobs involving the same or similar activities.
Explanation:
Functional departmentalization groups together jobs involving the same or similar activities, departmentalization in an organization is based on functions performed, groups performing similar functions are grouped together as a department. Example includes, sales department, accounting department, human resource department. they are grouped based on the activities performed in the organization.
What isRobert pushes the box to the left at constant speed. In doing so, Robert does ______ work on the box. the transfer of energy to a system by the application of a force called?
Answer:
positive work.
kinetic energy
Explanation:
when robert is pushing the box it is said to be in motion and the type of energy used is know as kinetic energy also known as the energy of motion.which is applied on objects that are on a surface but once they gain a slope or an angle everything changes.
Dr. Ramone is interested in studying how babies are different in terms of their behavior toward other people, how energetic they are, and how easily they are upset. It is most likely that Dr. Ramone is studying
Answer:
temperament.
Explanation:
Temperament determines the human emotional differences, motor stimulation, and stimulus focus reaction. Temperament influences the outcomes of children and influences, how they interact with their surroundings. It involves the child's tendency toward emotions in social and physical context. It refers to individual differences visible at an early stage of life, affecting our response and the reaction to the environment.
When a group has a distinctive way of looking at life, but at the same time its values and norms reflect the dominant culture of its society, the group would be considered a(n) ________.
Answer:
subculture
Explanation:
A number of people in a certain culture that have differences in parent culture to which they belong.Subculture creates their norms and values with regards to political,cultural and sexual matters.
Justine and Diego cannot understand why their young son and daughter are constantly bickering. They can fight over the smallest thing and can pick up on the slightest hint of perceived injustice or lack of fairness. What is at the foundation of the children's behavior?
Answer: Evolutionary forces
Explanation:
Evolutionary forces are the forces that process evolution in human's life.Natural selection is the force that tends to spread behavioral pattern in a person along with forces like genetic drift, mutation and gene flow.
According to the question, behavior of children is based upon evolutionary forces that is acting as foundation to the quarreling behavior pattern of them.Thus, children can argue over any small topic of unfair behavior towards them.
Final answer:
The arguingbetween Justine and Diego's children is a manifestation of their developmental stage and drive for self-expression and individual identity. Conditioning and family dynamics also play roles in shaping their behavior. These factors combine to cause siblings to frequently dispute over perceptions of unfairness.
Explanation:
Justine and Diego's young son and daughter are likely arguingdue to a combination of developing self-expression, the quest for establishing individual identity, and natural developmental behavior that is common amongst siblings. It is well-established in developmental psychology that adolescents may view arguments as a means of self-expression, utilizing conflicts to forge their sense of self, rather than to intentionally cause distress to others. Additionally, as children grow, they navigate through various stages of understanding fairness and justice, resulting in frequent disputes over what they perceive to be unjust or unfair treatment.
The behavior observed may also be influenced by both innate biological factors, learned behavior through conditioning, and the surrounding social and family dynamics. For example, parents' responses to certain behaviors can reinforce those behaviors. Furthermore, familial and cultural contexts provide a backdrop for individual behaviors, and the historical period also shapes the dynamics and expectations of family life and child-rearing practices.
Therefore, the children's constant arguing is a reflection of their developmental stage, their environment, the conditioning they have experienced, and their attempts to assert their individual identities within the family structure.
According to Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which of the following types of thinking are demonstrated at the preoperational level? 1. egocentric 2. lack of understanding 3. law of conservation centration 4. logical abstract
Answer:
1. egocentric
Explanation:
The Preoperational Stage
Ages: 2 to 7 Years
Major Characteristics and Developmental Changes:
Children begin to think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects.
Children at this stage tend to be egocentric and struggle to see things from the perspective of others.
While they are getting better with language and thinking, they still tend to think about things in very concrete terms.
Hubert Humbort wants to draw a sample of people in Michigan who own an authentic, imported espresso coffee maker. There is no list of the people, and there is no reason to believe that they know each other. What type of sampling should Hubert use?
A) cluster samplingB) snowball samplingC) simple random samplingD) purposive samplingE) accidental sampling
Answer: D) purposive sampling
Explanation: Since there is no list of people and there is no reason to believe that they know each other, the researcher will need to get all possible cases that fit his research using various methods. This is known as purposive sampling.
It is a non-random sampling used in situations in which an expert uses judgment in selecting cases with a specific purpose in mind. Here, researcher uses wide range of methods to locate all possible cases of a highly specific and difficult-to-reach population.
the defense that usually alleges that a law enforcement officer has planted false evidence, or has altered, substituted, or destroyed evidence, in an effort to convict the defendant of the crime charged is known as a
Answer:
Frame-up.Explanation:
Frame-up is a term commonly used to mean a conspiracy used against an innocent person to arrest for a crime. There have many cases of such plots and conspiracies mitigated against innocents victims.
The defense that usually alleges that a law enforcement officer has planted false evidence, or has altered, substituted, or destroyed evidence, in an effort to convict the defendant of the crime charged is known as a frame-up.
False allegation may affect one's reputation adversely. In serious matters, some are imprisoned for years for crimes that they did not commit. Therefore, there should an efficient legal system while executing any orders in the courts.
Food preferences are governed by exposure and environment, which may explain why there are many food preferences associated with culture. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F
Food preferences are governed by exposure and environment, which may explain why there are many food preferences associated with culture. The statement is True.
What is culture?A culture is referred to as a set of beliefs, traditions, values, customs, and rituals, languages, lifestyles followed by an individual in a community in order to preserve their ancestor's belongings.
Environmental factors and exposure influence one's food preferences. A person who lives in a certain community follows the pattern set forth by them in order to show their respect and loyalty.
Certain foods that are prohibited in some religions or religious communities may be eliminated based on preferences in the meal selection made based on religious and other criteria.
Therefore, the statement is True.
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Mark was in a serious car accident and now lives in a rehabilitation facility. He is working on reducing his impulsive behavior and distractibility. What area of Mark’s brain was most likely damaged during the accident?
Answer: Frontal lobe
Explanation:
Frontal lobe is the section present in human brain that is responsible for regulating cognitive functions in body.It helps in expressing emotions, judging language, solving issue , controlling personality, memory etc. Symptoms like irritation, mood change or swing etc can take place after damage occur in this lobe.
According to the question,Mark has injured his brain's frontal lobe most probably due to which he is not able to regulate behavior and cognitive functions. He gets distracted, irritated and impulsive trait after accident.
Final answer:
Mark's symptoms of impulsive behavior and distractibility suggest that the damaged area of his brain is the frontal lobe, specifically the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for personality and decision-making.
Explanation:
Given that Mark is experiencing issues with impulsive behavior and distractibility after a serious accident, it is likely that the area of Mark’s brain that was damaged is the frontal lobe. The prefrontal cortex, located in the frontal lobe, is known to be involved in personality, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. A famous case that illustrates this is the story of Phineas Gage, a railroad worker who, after an accident involving a rod piercing his frontal lobe, exhibited significantly changed personality traits, becoming more impulsive and having difficulty with planning, much like the issues Mark is facing.
Which of the sequences below ranks learning methods from highest retention and performance to lowest? A) Observe a task B) Listen to a lecture C) Read a book D) Solve a problem
Answer:
I think that depends on the learning style of the individual! my answer would be::
Explanation:
D, A, B. Then C
The children of ________ parents are better at soothing themselves when they get upset, are more effective in regulating their negative affect, focus their attention better, and have fewer behavior problems than the children of emotion-dismissing parents.
Answer: Emotional coaching
Explanation:
Emotional coaching parents are the parent who teach their children about their feelings and emotions along with helping them to understand functioning of emotion. Children perceive emotional perspective of self and other through this coaching.
According to the question, Children who achieve emotional coaching from their parents tend to understand their emotion of sadness better.They know how to regulate and deal with sadness and focus on positive affect .
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964:a.outlaws discrimination against people older than forty years.b.requires employers with government contracts to engage in affirmative action.c.forbids discrimination in all areas of the employment relationship.d.limits union power and requires organizations to bargain collectively with legally formed unions.
The correct answer is C) forbids discrimination in all areas of the employment relationship.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbids discrimination in all areas of the employment relationship. As the federal law it is, this legislation prohibits owners and employers from any kind of discrimination in the workplace. It is applied in the corporate world, unions, schools, universities, the federal, and state governments.
Aresearcher conducts a focus group to learn about attitudes towards hygiene and disease prevention. two weeks after the focus group, the researcher learns one of the subjects had a heart attack at home and was hospitalized, but made a full recovery. based on hhs regulations, should the researcher report this event to the irb?a. no, this does not need to be reported since the subject had the heart attack when they were home, not at the focus group. b. no, this does not need to be reported since it is unrelated to participation in the study. c. no, this does not need to be reported because two weeks have passed. d. no, this does not need to be reported since the subject recovered.
Answer:
b. no, this does not need to be reported since it is unrelated to participation in the study.
Explanation:
The research in conducting a focus group to learn about hygiene and disease prevention but the subject having a heart attack does't count as part of the research.
Answer:
b. no, this does not need to be reported since it is unrelated to participation in the study
Explanation: The Human and Health service department maintains that any research which involves human participants or subjects should be monitored by Institutional Review Board (IRB) in other to ensure the protection of participant's right and welfare.
However, in the scenario above, there is no need to report the incident to the Institutional Review Board as the incident is not related to participation in the study.
the most important social bond element B. a positive self-concept, tolerance for frustration, and an ability to set realistic goals C. deviant norm and values may be learned from them D. assumes that criminal tendencies are learned from close friends, not from the mass media E. suggests delinquents are not constantly delinquent and instead move into and out of delinquency F. argues that aggressive tendencies are learned rather than inborn G. refers to the nature of the interaction and relationships within the family H. offers explanations that emphasize importance of parenting during childhood and adolescence on the likelihood of behavioral problems in young and older children alike I. the most influential control theory J. Gottfredson and Hirschi argued that all crime stems from a lack of this
Answer:
Explanation:
The most important social bond element B.
a positive self-concept, tolerance for frustration, and an ability to set realistic goals
C. deviant norm and values may be learned from them
D. assumes that criminal tendencies are learned from close friends, not from the mass media
E. suggests delinquents are not constantly delinquent and instead move into and out of delinquency
F. argues that aggressive tendencies are learned rather than inborn
G. refers to the nature of the interaction and relationships within the family H. offers explanations that emphasize importance of parenting during childhood and adolescence on the likelihood of behavioral problems in young and older children alike
I. the most influential control theory J. Gottfredson and Hirschi argued that all crime stems from a lack of this
The most important social bond element assumes that criminal tendencies are learned from close friends, not from the mass media.This is a a result of association and peer pressure.
Cindy flies regularly between Atlanta and Los Angeles. She almost always uses Delta Airlines and has lots of Delta Sky Miles credit (Delta's frequent-flyer program). Still, she uses an online fare comparison website each time to see if a competitor has a better price or a more convenient schedule. Cindy uses ________ to decide which airline to fly.
Answer: A compensatory decision rule.
Explanation: A compensation decision rule is a type of decision rule in which a consumer evaluates each brand in terms of each relevant attribute and then choose the brand with the highest weighted score and the brands that fall below the cutoff point on any one attribute are eliminated from further consideration.
In this scenario, Cindy uses a compensatory decision rule to determine which to fly based on price and more convenient schedule.
Final answer:
Cindy uses comparative shopping, looking at factors like price and schedule, to choose the best airline offer even though she has Delta Sky Miles, demonstrating a strategic consumer approach in the competitive airline market.
Explanation:
Cindy uses comparative shopping to decide which airline to fly. Even though she has accumulated a significant amount of Delta Sky Miles, she compares the offers of various airlines using an online fare comparison website. She considers multiple factors such as price and schedule convenience before making a decision, ensuring she gets the best possible deal or the most suitable flight timing for her needs. This kind of behavior exemplifies a savvy consumer practice in an industry that has become highly competitive due to the deregulation, increased efficiency, and the rise of frequent-flyer programs like Delta Sky Miles that incentivize customer loyalty.
It takes brothers John and Dan the same amount of time to clean the room they share, but John can mow the lawn faster than Dan. Which action would allow them to take advantage of their respective comparative advantages?
Answer:
John mowing the lawn and Dan cleaning their room
Explanation:
Answer:
John mowing the lawn and Dan cleaning the room.
Explanation:
The law of comparative advantage emphasizes on a country or individual to concentrate in what he/she has comparative advantage in doing. To benefit both John and Dan, since John has a comparative advantage in lawn mowing, he should concentrate on mowing the lawn while Dan concentrates on cleaning the room. This way, a lot of time and effort will be saved on both side.
Judges have ordered Massachusetts to change the way it hires firefighters, even though the state does not receive aid from the federal government for fire fighting. Such an order is referred to as a:
a. condition of aid.b. quid pro quo order.c. mandate.d. pro bono requirement.e. per curiam order
Answer:
c. mandate.Explanation:
A mandate is a command or an order that necessitates an individual or an organization to act in a specific manner. A court may impose mandate to make certain obligations or activities necessary as part of a legal process on certain cases.
Here, judges ordering Massachusetts to change its way of recruiting firefighters, even though the state does not receive aid from the federal government for fire fighting is referred to as mandate. The court necessitates and makes the state follow certain obligations through the provision of mandate.
1. Developmental Psychology 2. Zygote 3. Embryo 4. Fetus 5. Teratogens 6. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) 7. Habituation 8. Maturation 9. Cognition 10. Schema 11. Assimilation 12. Accommodation 13. Sensorimotor Stage 14. Object Permanence 15. Preoperational Stage 16. Conservation 17. Egocentrism 18. Theory of Mind 19. Concrete Operational Stage 20. Formal Operational Stage
1. Developmental Psychology : a studies of how and why humans change in term of their physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span, this scientific approach aims to explain growth, change and consistency though the lifespan especially in infant and children
2. Zygote:is formed from the union of two gametes , a fertilized egg and the first stage in organism development which enters a two week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo.
3. Embryo :he developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization through the second month.
4. Fetus:the unborn offspring of an human or animals organism that develops from an embryo,in developing human organism from eight or nine weeks after conception to birth.
5. Teratogens :Any agent such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm or a birth defect in the child
6. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) :Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking habit. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions in the baby.
7. Habituation :a decrements in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations or stimulation.As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner
8. Maturation :the process of learning to cope and react in an emotionally appropriate way or Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
9. Cognition:relating to or involving the processes of thinking and reasoning
10. Schema:a framework that organizes and interprets information.
11. Assimilation :the absorption of new ideas into existing knowledge
12. Accommodation :the act of accommodating;adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new information.
13. Sensorimotor Stage :the first of the four stages Piaget uses to define cognitive development the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.
14. Object Permanence :the understanding and awareness that objects will continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, touched,or sensed in any way.
15. Preoperational Stage:the second stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development (from about 2 to approximately 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.
16. Conservation:The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
17. Egocentrism :
18. Theory of Mind: ability to attribute subjective mental states to oneself and to others
19. Concrete Operational Stage :the third stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
20. Formal Operational Stage:In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.