What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Answer:

- Tomato juice

- Lemon juice

- Orange juice

Explanation:

If someone is suffering from acidic reflux then it would be for the best if that person avoids food and drinks that can contribute to even higher acidic content in that person's organism. The easiest way to know what should be avoided is to get informed about the Vitamin C content of the foods and drinks. The fruits in general are something that should be avoided in this kind of circumstances, especially the tomatoes, lemons, and oranges, as they are highly acidic, so any products from them, especially in the form of juice, should be avoided.

Answer:

$10 per foot and per bunch of ornamental grass

Explanation:

The half-reaction that is correctly represents reduction is Au₃⁺ + 3e– -> Au. The correct option is C.

The half-reaction is an oxidation and reduction reaction of a redox reaction. It can be either oxidation or reduction. The half-reaction occurs due to change in oxidation state of a reactant.

An example is Zn Cu galvanic cell.

Thus, the correct option is C) Au3+ + 3e– -> Au.

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Answer:

So, for 1 I am most certain it has to be Organized so C. And for 2 that would be true if my brain isn't failing me- I hope this helps!

Explanation:

Answer: 1. Organized

2. True

Explanation:

1. An organized crime can be define as the crime which is committed by planning. In this crime generally the group of criminals or criminal uses same modus operandi (habit, planning, rule to commit crime).

The given example of crimes is the organized crime. This is because a sophisticated crime ring was found associated with many robberies. Hence, this can be said that similar modus-operandi is involved.

2. The profilers are those who are occupational criminals. They are trained with the fact that psychological disorders so as to defend themselves when they are caught red handed while committing crimes. They pose an evidence of their unstable or unsound mind.

Answer:

Explanation:

1) The lowering of the freezing point is a colligative property which means that it depends, and can be calculated from some contants of the pure solvent, and the number of solute particles dissolved.

Where, ΔTf is the reduction in the freezing point, m is the molality of the solution, Kf is the cryoscopic constant of the solvent, and i is the Van't Hoff factor.

2) Find the molality of each solution, m:

       moles of solute, n = mass in grams / molar mass

       m = n / kg of solvent

(A) CuSO₄•5H₂O (M=250)

(B) NiSO₄•6H₂O(M=263)

(C) MgSO₄•7H₂O (M=246)

(D) Na₂SO₄ • 10 H₂O (M = 286)

3) Van't Hoff factor.

Since, all the solutes are ionic, you start assuming that they all dissociate 100%.

That means that:

4) Comparison

Being Kf a constant for the four solutions (same solvent), you just must compare the product m × i

As you see from above calculations, the dissociation factor defines the situation, and you can conclude that the last choice, i.e. the solution of Na₂SO₄ . 10H₂O, will have the greatest decrease of the freezing point, resulting in the lowest freezing point.

The half-life of Carbon-11 is 20.4 minutes, meaning the quantity reduces by half every 20.4 minutes. So, after approximately 60.0 minutes (roughly three half-lives), approximately 12.5% of the original sample would remain.

Carbon-11 is a radioisotope that's widely used in medical imaging due to its radioactive properties. It has a half-life of 20.4 minutes, which means that the quantity of Carbon-11 reduces to half in every 20.4 minutes.

If we denote one half-life as t, after three half-lives (60.0 min or 3t), the ratio of the remaining sample of Carbon-11 would be 1/2 * 1/2 * 1/2 = 1/8. In other words, approximately 12.5% of the original sample would be remaining. This percentage changes a bit due to the fact that 20.4 min is slightly less than 22.2 min (which would be the exact 3 half lives).

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Answer:

OPTION C) All hydrogen ions and all hydroxide ions have reacted to produce water, and so neither ion remains free in solution.

Explanation:

The PH reading on the left axis of the graph shows a value of 7.

A value of 7 on the PH scale implies that equal number of hydrogen ions completely reacted with hydroxyl ions to produce water i.e there is no excess of hydrogen and hydroxyl ion remaining in solution.

For values greater than 7, a basic solution is formed and it signifies the presence of excess hydroxyl ion. If the value is less than 7, there is more hydrogen ions in the solution formed and it is said to be acidic.

At point 7, the hydrogen and hydroxyl ions are equal and completely neutralize out one another.

Note: The acid solution would require a base volume of 20mL to be completely neutralized according to the plot. If it is less, the PH shifts to the left and the solution becomes acidic. If it more, the solution becomes basic and the PH shifts rightwards.

C on e 2020

extra words for 20 letters

Answer: 2.80 Atm

Explanation:

Gay-lussac's law

P1÷T1=P2÷T2

T2·P1÷T1

(200)·(4.20)÷300

A= 56

B= 27

c= 12

D= 8

E= 3

F= 3

G= 1

H= 1

is what the edg. example shows but any answers are accepted!!

Some tips to follow when doing lab practicals are:

This refers to the systematic research that is done in a scientific process in a controlled environment to test or prove a hypothesis.

Hence, we can see that your question is incomplete because it does not show the radioactive atoms and their data from the given lab work, hence a general overview is given for better understanding.

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Answer:

B)  1,370 kJ.

Explanation:

2C₃H₇OH(l) + 9O₂(g) → 8H₂O(g) + 6CO₂(g) , ΔH = - 1,830 kJ/mol.

n = mass/molar mass = (45.0 g)/(60.096 g/mol) = 0.7488 mol.

1.0 mol of isopropanol releases → 1,830 kJ.

∴ 0.7488 mol of isopropanol releases → ??? kJ.

∴ The enthalpy of combustion for 45.0g of isopropanol = (0.7488 mol)(1830 kJ)/(1.0 mol) = 1370 kJ.

So, the right choice: B)  1,370 kJ.

The enthalpy of combustion for 45.0 g of isopropanol is calculated to be 1,370 kJ by determining the number of moles and multiplying by the enthalpy of combustion per mole.So,option B is correct.

The enthalpy of combustion for 45.0 g of isopropanol, given that the combustion of isopropanol releases 1,830 kJ/mol and its molecular weight is 60.096 g/mol.

To find the enthalpy of combustion for 45.0 g of isopropanol, we should first determine the number of moles present in 45.0 g of isopropanol. This is done by dividing the mass of isopropanol by its molar mass:

Number of moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol) = 45.0 g / 60.096 g/mol = 0.749 moles

Since the enthalpy of combustion of isopropanol is given per mole, we multiply the number of moles by the enthalpy of combustion:

Enthalpy of combustion = number of moles times enthalpy per mole = 0.749 moles times 1,830 kJ/mol

Therefore, the enthalpy of combustion for 45.0 g of isopropanol is:

(0.749 moles) times (1,830 kJ/mol) = 1,370 kJ

So, the correct answer is B) 1,370 kJ.

Answer:

D) The equilibrium will shift to the right and more precipitate will be formed.

Explanation:

BaCl₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) ⇄ 2NaCl(aq) + BaSO₄(s)↓,

Adding more BaCl₂ to the system:

will increase the concentration of BaCl₂ (reactants), so the equilibrium will be shifted to the right side (products side) to suppress the effect of increasing the BaCl₂.

D) The equilibrium will shift to the right and more precipitate will be formed.

Answer:

It would become more neutral when diluted

Explanation:

Assuming you dilute it with water, the more diluted the substance, the more neutral (and closer to 7), it would be. Ie straight lemon juice is more acidic than lemonade, which is more acidic than water. I hope this helps :)

The pH of a diluted sample would usually be higher than that of the undiluted original, due to the lesser concentration of hydrogen ions in the diluted sample. During titration, there are three main states - initial, pre-equivalence and post-equivalence - and the pH behaves differently in each of these states.

The measured pH of a diluted sample would be higher compared to the pH of the original undiluted sample. This is because when a solution is diluted, it has a lower concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), which means it is less acidic and in turn, has a higher pH.

In the initial state, the pH is determined by the acid being titrated. If you have two samples that are equally concentrated; a weaker acid will have a higher initial pH compared to a stronger one.

At the pre-equivalence point (where the volume of added titrant is between 0 and 25 mL), the solution’s pH increases gradually as the acid reacts with added titrant. The observed solution will include unreacted acid and its reaction product, its conjugate base. At the equivalence point one observes a drastic rise in pH as the transition happens from acidic to either neutral (for strong acid sample) or basic (for weak acid sample).

Post-equivalence, the pH is determined by the amount of excess strong base titrant added. Similarly with the increase in volume of the added titrant (> 25 mL), you would notice that the titration curves of the two samples will look quite similar.

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Answer:

Explanation:

1) Data:

2) Formula:

Used combined law of gases:

3) Solution:

Solve the equation for V₂:

Substitute and compuite:

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The correct volume of the nitrogen sample at 20°C and 102.7 kPa is approximately 11.3 liters.

To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law, which states that for a given amount of gas, the product of pressure and volume divided by the temperature is constant:

[tex]\[\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}\][/tex]

Given:

[tex]\(P_1 = 98.7\) kPa\\ \(V_1 = 10.0\) liters\\ \(T_1 = 25C + 273.15 = 298.15\) K (converted to Kelvin)\\ \(P_2 = 102.7\) kPa\\\(T_2 = 20C + 273.15 = 293.15\) K (converted to Kelvin)[/tex]

We want to find [tex]\(V_2\)[/tex], the final volume. Rearranging the combined gas law equation to solve for [tex]\(V_2\)[/tex], we get:

[tex]\[V_2 = \frac{P_1V_1T_2}{P_2T_1}\][/tex]

Substituting the given values:

[tex]\[V_2 = \frac{(98.7\text{ kPa})(10.0\text{ L})(293.15\text{ K})}{(102.7\text{ kPa})(298.15\text{ K})}\] \[V_2 = \frac{(98.7)(10.0)(293.15)}{(102.7)(298.15)}\] \[V_2 = \frac{289480.05}{306469.85}\] \[V_2 \approx 11.3\text{ L}\][/tex]

Therefore, the volume of the nitrogen sample at 20°C and 102.7 kPa is approximately 11.3 liters.

The viscosity of polymers A) increases as the cross-linking increases within the polymer.

A cross-linking increases the viscosity of the polymer. Cross-link is the bond that links properly, one polymer to other. The viscosity is highly increased because it connects the separate gel polymers together and tightly.

As cross-linker links the polymer together so the actual molecular weight of the polymer is increased, which significantly increases the viscous property of the element. Not only viscosity, the cross linking also increases the strength of the compound.

Final answer:

The viscosity of water decreases as temperature increases due to molecular interactions. Chain entanglement affects polymer viscosity, and increased cross-linking in polymers results in increased viscosity.

Explanation:

B. As temperature increases, the viscosity of water decreases due to changes in molecular interactions. When temperature rises, the kinetic energy of the water molecules increases, causing them to move faster and disrupt the intermolecular forces, leading to decreased viscosity.

Chain entanglement is another factor affecting viscosity in polymers. When polymer chains are entangled, the viscosity of the solution increases due to the resistance encountered as the chains move. However, at very high rates of shear strain, where entanglements aren't formed, viscosity doesn't increase as expected.

In the case of polymers with increased cross-linking, the viscosity will increase as the rotational motion within the polymer decreases, requiring more energy to overcome the restrictions, ultimately leading to higher transitional temperatures.

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{BF}_{3}}[/tex]

Explanation:

You must draw the Lewis structure for each molecule, trying to give every atom an octet.

In the structures below, every molecule except one has a central atom with octet. That molecule is  

[tex]\boxed{\textbf{BF}_{3}}[/tex]

The B atom has only six electrons in its valence shell, so it violates the octet rule.

BF3 (Boron Trifluoride) does not comply with the octet rule since the Boron atom has only 3 valence electrons. Nonetheless, it's a common and stable exception.

The central atom in BF3 (Boron Trifluoride) makes it an exception to the octet rule. This is due to the fact that boron has only 3 valence electrons which results in having less than 8 electrons around the central Boron atom after bond formation. As a result, the molecule does not comply with the octet rule. However, it is a common exception and this molecule is quite stable in its normal state.

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Answer:

T₂(°C) = 200 K = - 73°C.

Explanation:

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm.

V is the volume of the gas in L.

n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol.

R  is the general gas constant,

T is the temperature of the gas in K.

(P₁V₁T₂) = (P₂V₂T₁)

P₁ = 5.0 atm, V₁ = 5.0 L, T₁ = -23°C + 273 = 250 K,

P₂ = 2.0 atm, V₂ = 10.0 L, T₂ = ??? K,

(P₁V₁T₂) = (P₂V₂T₁)

∴ T₂ = (P₂V₂T₁)/(P₁V₁) = (2.0 atm)(10.0 L)(250 K)/(5.0 atm)(5.0 L) = 200 K.

∴ T₂(°C) = 200 K - 273 = - 73°C.

The temperature at which the same number of moles of acetylene gas will produce a pressure of 2 atm in a 10-liter container is approximately -73.15°C.

Based on the given data, initially, the acetylene gas is stored at -23°C (which is 250.15 K), in a 5-liter container, exerting a pressure of 5 atm.

Step-by-Step Solution:

1. Using the combined gas laws, the formula is:

2. Substitute the known values into the formula:

3. Simplify and solve for T₂:

4. Convert the temperature back to Celsius:

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{No}}[/tex]

Explanation:

Na reacts with all OH groups to produce hydrogen.

The reaction with cyclobutanol is shown below.  

The reaction with butanoic acid is

[tex]\rm CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}COOH\xrightarrow{\text{Na}} CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}COO^{-} + H_{2}[/tex]

Both compounds release bubbles of hydrogen, so you can't use sodium to distinguish between them.

Answer:

It's simpler than most questions :)

Explanation:

1) B

2) B

3) D

4) A

5) A

Hope this will help :)

Answer:

Explanation:

There are three kind of chemical bonds: covalent, ionic, and metallic.

The chemical bonds are the result of the interaction of the valence electrons of the atoms.

The valence electrons may be:

        Thus, this is the answer to your question: a covalent bond is formed as the result of sharing electrons.

A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond that forms when atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, thereby creating an attractive force between atoms. These types of bonds can be nonpolar when electrons are shared equally, or polar when there's an imbalance in sharing. An example of covalent bonding is seen in the formation of a water molecule.

A covalent bond is a type of strong chemical bond that is formed between two atoms of the same or different elements. This bond occurs when atoms share electrons in order to complete their valence shells or the outermost shell of an atom that contains its most reactive electrons. This sharing of electrons is an attractive force between the nuclei of a molecule's atoms and pairs of electrons between the atoms. There are various types of covalent bonds. When the sharing of electrons between atoms is equal, the bond is considered nonpolar. However, when electrons are not equally shared due to differences in electronegativity, the bond is said to be polar.

An example of covalent bonding is the formation of a water molecule where hydrogen and oxygen atoms combine and are bound together by covalent bonds. The electrons from the hydrogen split their time between the incomplete outer shell of the hydrogen atoms and the incomplete outer shell of the oxygen atoms. In order to completely fill the outer shell of oxygen, which has six electrons but would be more stable with eight, it requires two electrons (one from each hydrogen atom). Thus, it results in the well-known formula H2O where electrons are shared between the two elements to completely fill the outer shell of each, making both more stable.

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Answer:

An isolated system, because neither heat nor matter is entering or leaving the container.

Explanation:

In a closed system there is no exchange of heat but matter is exchanged. In an isolated system there is no exchange of heat or matter. Here the temperature of water remains constant at 310 K, which means that no heat is exchanged. Also there is no decreases in volume of water the calorimeter after 2 hours, which means that no matter was lost either. Therefore this is an isolated system.

Answer:

0.9 J/g.°C.

Explanation:

Q = m.c.ΔT,

where, Q is the amount of energy (Q = 132.8 J).

m is the mass of Al (m = 11.17 g).

c is the specific heat capacity of Al (c of Al = ??? J/g.°C).

ΔT is the difference between the initial and final temperature (ΔT = final T - initial T = 28.94°C - 15.73°C = 13.21°C).

∵ Q = m.c.ΔT

∴ (132.8 J) = (11.17 g)(c)(13.21°C).

∴ c = (132.8 J)/(11.17 g)(13.21°C) = 0.9 J/g.°C.

To find the specific heat of aluminum, we use the formula of heat transfer Q = mcΔT where Q is heat (132.8 J), m is mass (11.17g), ΔT is the change in temperature (13.21°C). Solving this provides the value of the specific heat of aluminum.

The specific heat of aluminum can be calculated using the equation for heat transfer: Q = mcΔT, where Q is the heat supplied, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

In this problem, the values are given as Q = 132.8 J, m = 11.17 g, ΔT = 28.94°C - 15.73°C = 13.21°C.

Substituting the values, we get 132.8 J = 11.17g * c * 13.21°C. To find the specific heat (c), you rearrange the equation so c = Q / (m * ΔT) = 132.8 J / (11.17g * 13.21°C).

Therefore, by solving this the value of c (specific heat of aluminum) can be calculated.

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Answer:

They join together to form short polymer chains called peptides or longer chains called either polypeptides or proteins.

Explanation:

A bunch of amino acids attached together is called a protein.

Proteins are complex macromolecules essential for various biological functions. They consist of amino acids linked together through peptide bonds. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, have distinct structures and properties. The specific sequence and arrangement of these amino acids in a protein dictate its unique function.

Proteins play crucial roles in the body, including enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions, structural components like collagen, and antibodies that defend against pathogens. They also serve as hormones, transport molecules, and provide mechanical support. The diversity of proteins and their functions underpins the complexity of life processes, making them fundamental to all living organisms.

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Answer:

H         S        G       spon/ non spont

-           +         -       spont at all Temperature

+           -         +  non spont at all Temperature

-            -         -   at low tenmperature  spont

+           +        -     at high Temperature spont

For condensation to take place there should be noticeable difference between the temperature of the system and the atmosphere. The correct option is option A.

Condensation is a process in which the vapor state converts to liquid state. Condensation is the reverse process of evaporation. Condensation occur at dew point. Dew point is the temperature at which condensation starts.

To see the spontaneity of a reaction following reaction should be taken into consideration

ΔG=ΔH-TΔS

the value of  ΔH and ΔS are given in negative. So for condensation to be spontaneous, ΔG should be negative and for this the value of ΔH must be more negative than the value of ΔS and this happens at low temperature.

ΔH      ΔS    ΔG     spontaneous/ non spontaneous

-           +         -      spontaneous at all Temperature

+           -         +     non spontaneous at all Temperature

-            -         -      at low temperature spontaneous

+           +        -       at high Temperature spontaneous

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

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The mass number of the new atom produced by the alpha decay of Polonium (Po) will decrease by 4, as an alpha particle (consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons) is emitted.

The mass number of a new atom produced by the alpha decay of Polonium (Po) will be reduced by 4. This is because during alpha decay, an atom emits an alpha particle, which consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, equivalent to a helium-4 nucleus. Therefore, the subtraction of these particles from the parent atom result in a decrease in the mass number by 4.

For example, if we consider Polonium-209 undergoing alpha decay, we use the subtraction method (209 - 4 = 205) to determine the mass number of the resulting atom, which in this case would be Lead-205 (Pb-205). This is consistent with the general pattern observed in radioactive decay of heavy nuclei.

Its B. Using 150 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide

The answer is B because when you calculate it you will get the same amount of hydrogen peroxide.

Good luck,!

Answer:

four covalent bonds

Explanation:

A carbon atom would form 4 covalent bonds.

For a covalent bond to be formed, an atom would share its valence electrons with another. In this process, each atom would require unpaired electrons for this bond to be formed. The number of available unpaired electrons would represent the number of electrons needed to complete the outer energy level of the atom.

In a carbon atom, we have no lone pair of electrons and 4 unpaired electrons. When these 4 electrons are shared with those of other atoms, they produce a complete octet which perfectly mimics the noble gases.

Filtration will not work because sugar dissolves in water. Instead, you’ll need to boil the water into steam to isolate the sugar

Filtration is a method that is used to separate insoluble solids from a liquid. Since salt and sugar both dissolve in water, filtration cannot be used to separate the two. When sugar is mixed with water it creates a homogeneous solution, meaning you can't see the individual particles, unlike when you mix sand with water. The sugar water is a solution because no chemical reaction occurs, but to separate it you need to create a chemical reaction by distilling the liquid.

Answer:

Explanation:

The temperature of a substance is the measure of the average kinetic energy of its partilces.

The temperature, i.e. how hot or cold is a substance, is the result of the collisions of the particles (atoms or molecules) of matter.

The kinetic theory of gases states that, if the temperature is the same, the average kinetic energy of any gas is the same, regardless the gas and other conditions.

This equation expresses it:

Where Avg KE is the average kinetic energy, R is the universal constant of gases, N is Avogadro's constnat, and T is the temperature measure in absolute scale (Kelvin).

As you see, in that equation Avg KE is propotional to T, which means that as the temperature is increased, the average kinetic energy increases.

As the temperature of a sample of matter is increased, the average kinetic energy of the particles also increases. This is because higher temperatures result in more extensive vibrations of particles in solids and faster translations of particles in liquids and gases. The distribution of kinetic energies also becomes broader at higher temperatures, indicating an increase in entropy.

According to kinetic-molecular theory, the temperature of a substance is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its particles. Raising the temperature of a substance will result in more extensive vibrations of the particles in solids and more rapid translations of the particles in liquids and gases.

At higher temperatures, the distribution of kinetic energies among the atoms or molecules of the substance is also broader (more dispersed) than at lower temperatures. Thus, the entropy of any substance increases with temperature.

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Answer:

Therefore, the oxidation state of N in NaNO₂ is +3

Explanation:

Problem: calculating the oxidation state of nitrogen N in NaNO₂

let us denote the oxidation number of Nitrogen as N:

We know from the periodic table that Na has an oxidation number of +1 i.e it will readily want to lose 1 electron so as to complete its octet.

Oxygen is known to have an oxidation number of -2

Summation of the oxidation number of each atoms is 0 for neutral compound.

Therefore to calculate the oxidation state of Nitrogen in NaNO₂, we express as:

                              +1 + N + (-2 x 2) = 0

                                1 + N = 4

                                 N = 4-1 = +3

Therefore, the oxidation state of N in NaNO₂ is +3

A chemical symbol represents the shorthand of an element. It is a one- or two-letter abbreviation that is used to represent an element in chemical formulas and equations.

The first letter of the symbol is always capitalized, and the second letter is lowercase, if there is a second letter. For example, the chemical symbol for hydrogen is H, the chemical symbol for oxygen is O, and the chemical symbol for carbon is C.

Chemical symbols are derived from the Latin names of the elements. For example, the chemical symbol for hydrogen is derived from the Latin word "hydrogenium," which means "water-former."

Chemical symbols are an important part of chemistry because they allow chemists to communicate with each other easily. They also help to simplify chemical formulas and equations, making them easier to understand.

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A chemical symbol is a one- or two-letter designation that represents an element's name, used for single atoms or larger quantities.

A chemical symbol represents the name of an element. It is a one- or two-letter abbreviation that signifies a single atom of an element (microscopic domain) or a collection of atoms within a sample of that element (macroscopic domain). For instance, the chemical symbol for mercury is 'Hg'. Many chemical symbols are derived from their English names, with the initial letter capitalized and any subsequent letter in lower case. For example, 'O' represents oxygen, 'Zn' represents zinc, and 'Fe' represents iron. Certain elements, particularly those known since ancient times, retain symbols based on their Latin names. Chemical symbols are also used to create chemical formulas that show the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule of a compound.