What is the molarity of the two solutions
0.150 mol of NaOH in 1.80 L of solution

Final answer:

The total number of atoms in a 20.5 mg sample of cocaine hydrochloride (C17H22ClNO4) is approximately 1.83 × [tex]10^2^1[/tex] atoms, calculated by determining the number of moles in the sample first and then using Avogadro's number to find the number of molecules and atoms.

Explanation:

To find the total number of atoms in a 20.5 mg sample of cocaine hydrochloride (C17H22ClNO4), you first need to calculate the number of moles in the sample and then use Avogadro's number to convert it to the number of molecules, and finally multiply by the total atoms in one molecule of the compound.

First, calculate the molar mass of cocaine hydrochloride:
C (12.01 g/mol) × 17 + H (1.01 g/mol) × 22 + Cl (35.45 g/mol) × 1 + N (14.01 g/mol) × 1 + O (16.00 g/mol) × 4 = 303.36 g/mol

Next, determine the number of moles in the 20.5 mg sample:
20.5 mg × (1 g / 1000 mg) / 303.36 g/mol = 6.76 × [tex]10^-^5[/tex] moles

Now, utilizing Avogadro's number (6.02 × 10^23 molecules/mol), calculate the number of molecules in the sample:
6.76 × 10^-5 moles × 6.02 × 10^23 molecules/mol = 4.07 × [tex]10^1^9[/tex] molecules

Since each molecule of cocaine hydrochloride contains 45 atoms (17 C + 22 H + 1 Cl + 1 N + 4 O), multiply the number of molecules by the number of atoms per molecule:
4.07 × [tex]10^1^9[/tex] molecules × 45 atoms/molecule = 1.83 × [tex]10^2^1[/tex] atoms

Therefore, a 20.5 mg sample of cocaine hydrochloride contains approximately 1.83 × [tex]10^2^1[/tex] atoms.

In the reaction given, the net ionic equation is derived by removing the spectator ions, resulting in the net ionic equation: 2Fe3+ (aq) + 3S2- (aq) → Fe2S3 (s).

The net ionic equation is derived by eliminating the spectator ions from the total ionic equation. The first step is to break all the strong electrolytes into their ions. In the reaction 2FeBr3 (aq) + 3Na2S (aq) → Fe2S3 (s) + 6NaBr (aq), we have the following ions:

These combine to form Fe2S3 (s) and 6Na+ (aq) + 6Br- (aq). The ions that appear on both sides of the equation are the spectator ions (Na+ and Br-), and we can remove them to get the net ionic equation:

2Fe3+ (aq) + 3S2- (aq) → Fe2S3 (s)

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Answer:

2KOH(s) ---> K2O(s) + H2O(g)

Explanation:

potassium hydroxide = KOH

water = H2O

potassium oxide = K2O

since KOH decomposes into H2O and K2O there is an arrow after KOH then after that you balance it. Without doing anything, KOH ----> H2O + K2O on the left side of the arrow there is only one K, one O, and one H atoms while on the other side there are 2 H, 2O, and 2K which means we have to put the two in front of the KOH. so then you will have 2K, 2O, 2H on the left-handed side which will equal the number of atoms there are on the right-handed side.

Also dont forget to put whether it is g, s, or aq.

In the instructions it tells you which one is s , g, or aq.

The balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of solid potassium hydroxide (KOH) into solid potassium oxide (K2O) and gaseous water (H2O) is: 4 KOH(s) → 2 K2O(s) + 2 H2O(g).

The balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of solid potassium hydroxide (KOH) into gaseous water (H2O) and solid potassium oxide (K2O) is:

4 KOH(s) → 2 K2O(s) + 2 H2O(g)

This reaction showcases the breakdown of potassium hydroxide into simpler substances when it decomposes. Notice that the total number of atoms for each element is conserved on both sides of the equation, fulfilling the Law of Conservation of Mass.

The balanced equation for the reaction of chromate ion (CrO4^2-) with sulfite ion (SO3^2-) in a basic solution where the sulfite is oxidized to sulfate and the chromate is reduced to chromite is 3SO3^2-(aq) + 2CrO4^2-(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) → 3SO4^2-(aq) + 2CrO2^-(aq) + H2O(l).

The question asks for a balanced chemical reaction between chromate ion (CrO42-) and sulfite ion (SO32-) in basic solution. To balance this redox reaction, we must consider both the oxidation and reduction half-reactions and ensure that the number of electrons lost in oxidation equals the number gained in reduction, also making sure to balance other elements and charges, particularly in a basic solution.

In the basic solution, hydroxide ions (OH-) will participate in the balancing process. The sulfite ion (SO32-) is oxidized to sulfate ion (SO42-), and the chromate ion (CrO42-) is reduced to chromite ion (CrO2-).

The balanced equation for the reaction is:

3SO32-(aq) + 2CrO42-(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → 3SO42-(aq) + 2CrO2-(aq) + H2O(l).

One mole or 138 g of salicylic acid produces one mole or 152 g of wintergreen oil. Thus, theoretically 16.3 g of the acid will produce 17.9 g of oil but only 15.3 g is produced. Therefore, the percent yield of the reaction is 85.4 %.

Percent yield of a reaction is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield of the product in a reaction multiplied by 100.

Molar mass of salicylic acid = 138 g/mol

Molar mass of winter green oil = 153=2 g/mol

one mole of salicylic acid produces one mole of oil. Thus, mass of oil produced from 16.3 g of acid = (16.3 × 152 )/ 138 = 17.9g

Thus, theoretical yield = 17.9 g.

Actual yield = 15.3 g

Percent yield = actual / theoretical yield ×  100

                      = 15.3 /17.9 ×  100 = 85.4 %.

Therefore, the percent yield of the reaction is 85.4%.

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The per cent yield of the reaction to produce oil of wintergreen from salicylic acid and methanol is approximately 93.87% given that 15.3 g of the product is collected and 16.3 g of the reactant is used.

The per cent yield of oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate) reaction can be calculated using the formula: per cent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) imes 100%. To find the theoretical yield, we would first need the balanced chemical equation for the reaction, which is CH₃OH + C₇H₆O₃------>C₈H₈O₃ + H₂O. Given that 16.3 g of salicylic acid is reacted, we assume a 100% conversion based on the stoichiometry of the reaction, which yields 16.3 g of oil of wintergreen. Therefore, the per cent yield (15.3 g actual / 16.3 g theoretical) imes 100%, which equals approximately 93.87%.

Mercury(II) nitrate and Sodium iodide don't react with each other in water, so no precipitate is formed. If a reaction were to occur, it would be a double displacement reaction, like the example provided.

The student is asking to write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between Sodium iodide (NaI) and Mercury(II) nitrate (Hg(NO3)2). However, these two substances do not react with each other, because both of them are soluble in water. Thus, there will be no precipitate formed, and the answer is no reaction. Nevertheless, it is essential to take note that if these ions were to react to form a precipitate, a double displacement reaction would occur, similar to example: Ba(OH)2 (aq) + 2HNO3(aq) → Ba(NO3)2(aq) + 2H₂O(1), where water and a salt are formed as the products.

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The reaction between NaI(aq) and Hg₂(NO₃)₂(aq) results in the formation of NaNO₃(aq) and a precipitate, Hg₂I₂(s). This confirms that a reaction occurs. The balanced chemical equation is provided with phases identified.

The reaction between sodium iodide (NaI) and mercury(I) nitrate (Hg₂(NO₃)₂) in aqueous solutions can be described using the chemical equation:

2NaI(aq) + Hg₂(NO₃)₂(aq) → 2NaNO₃(aq) + Hg₂I₂(s)

In this reaction, the products include aqueous sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) and a precipitate of mercury(I) iodide (Hg₂I₂). Therefore, a precipitate is formed, and the reaction proceeds.

Hydrogen bonding is vital for forming DNA's double helix structure and impacts proteins' 3D shapes. It's not involved in direct carbon-oxygen bonds or in causing van der Waals interactions, and contrary to decreasing it, hydrogen bonding actually increases water's boiling point.

Hydrogen bonding is necessary for forming double-stranded DNA molecules. It occurs when hydrogen forms a polar covalent bond, gaining a slight positive charge that attracts it to the negative charge on more electronegative atoms like oxygen or nitrogen. This interaction is fundamental in DNA, where hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides hold the strands together, and in proteins, where they influence the three-dimensional structure.

Hydrogen bonding contributes to the high boiling point of water (100 0C). Importantly, hydrogen bonds are not involved in bonding carbon to oxygen directly - those are typically covalent bonds - nor do they cause van der Waals interactions or decrease the boiling point of liquids; in fact, they generally increase it due to the additional energy required to break these bonds.

Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions are both types of weak intermolecular forces, with the former playing a critical role in the structure and function of biological macromolecules such as DNA and proteins.

Answer:

(a) [tex]102.6g/mol[/tex]

(b) Rubidium

Explanation:

Hello,

This titration is carried out by assuming that the volume of base doesn't have a significant change when the mass is added, thus, we state the following data a apply the down below formula to compute the molarity of the base solution:

[tex]V_{base}=0.1L; M_{acid}=2.5M, V_{acid}=0.017L\\V_{base}M_{base}=V_{acid}M_{acid}[/tex]

Solving for the molarity of base we've got:

[tex]M_{base}=\frac{M_{acid}*V_{acid}}{V_{base}}=\frac{2.50M*0.017L}{0.1L} =0.425M=0.425mol/L[/tex]

Now, we can compute the moles of the base as:

[tex]n_{base}=0.425mol/L*0.1L=0.0425mol[/tex]

(a) Now, one divides the provided mass over the previously computed moles to get the molecular mass of the unknown base:

[tex]\frac{4.36g}{0.0425mol} =102.6g/mol[/tex]

(b) Subtracting the atomic mass of oxygen and hydrogen, the metal's atomic mass turns out into:

[tex]102.6g/mol-16g/mol-1g/mol=85.6g/mol[/tex]

So, that atomic mass dovetails to the Rubidium's atomic mass.

Best regards.

Refrigerators utilize the principle of heat absorption to vaporize a refrigerant, removing heat from the interior of the refrigerator and releasing it outside. The process involves the cycle of vaporization and condensation, powered by electricity, which maintains the cool temperature inside the fridge.

Refrigerators work based on the principle of

heat absorption

required to vaporize a volatile liquid. In this case, the volatile liquid being used as a refrigerant is a

fluorocarbon

. This liquid absorbs heat from the inside of the refrigerator (at the evaporator), causing it to vaporize. This heat is then released outside the refrigerator (at the condenser) when the vaporized refrigerant is condensed back to a liquid. The heat of vaporization for any substance is the amount of heat required to convert 1 mole of that substance from liquid to gas at constant temperature and pressure. Here, your fluorocarbon has a molar heat of vaporization of 26 kJ/mol. To complete the cycle, work is done on the refrigerant (which we pay for in our electricity bills) to move it through the coils in the refrigerator and begin the cycle again. This overall process is what keeps the refrigerator cool.

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The statement given is True. The connectors marked with AL-Cu can be used with copper, copper clad cadmium and aluminum conductors.

Connectors are used to perform different functions that is to connect or disconnect the path of an electric current.

Wire connectors which are used to connect copper-clad aluminum conductors to copper conductors should be rated for copper and aluminum (“CUAL” or “AL-CU”) connections or rated for copper to aluminum, intermixed (terminated in the same twist-on connector), and in direct physical contact.

CU is used with copper only, AL with aluminum wire only, AL-CU can be used with aluminum, copper and, copper-clad cadmium.

Hence, the answer is true. The connectors marked with AL-Cu can be used with copper, copper clad cadmium and aluminum conductors.

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An 'AL-CU' designation on a connector signifies that it is safe for use with copper, copper-clad aluminum, and aluminum conductors. These connectors are essential for effective conductivity in a variety of electrical systems.

Yes, a connector marked with 'AL-CU' is indeed suitable for use with copper, copper-clad aluminum, and aluminum conductors. This designation means that the connector has been specifically designed and tested for safe use with these types of electrical conductors. These connectors ensure safe and effective conductivity and are, therefore, vital components in many electrical appliances and systems.

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First let us calculate for the number of moles needed:

moles NaOH = 0.125 M * 0.500 L = 0.0625 mol

The molar mass of NaOH is 40 g/mol, hence the mass is:

mass NaOH = 0.0625 mol * 40 g/mol

mass NaOH = 2.5 grams

To prepare the solution of  500 ml of 0.125 m NaOH, the mass of 2.5 g of sodium hydroxide is required.

The concentration of the solution can be calculated if we have the molecular formula and molecular weight. We can easily calculate the concentration of a substance in a solution.

The molarity of a solution can be determined from the number of moles of a solute in a liter of a solution.

The Molarity of the solution is determined in the following way.

Molarity (M) = Moles of solute (n)/Volume of the Solution ( in L)

Given, the molarity of NaOH solution = 0.125 M

The volume of the NaOH solution, V = 500 ml = 0.5 L

The number of moles of NaOH = 0.125 × 0.5 = 0.0625 mol

The mass of the NaOH is required = 0.0625 ×40 =2.5 g

Therefore, 2.5 grams of NaOH are needed to prepare 500 ml of 0.125 m NaOH.

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We can arrange the given compound in order of increasing boiling point as CO2 <CH3Br <CH3OH <RbF.

The compound with the highest boiling point is RbF, since it has the strongest intermolecular force.

CH3OH, CH3Br can doesn't posses strong intermolecular force compare to RbF, and they can form hydrogen bond.

CO2 can form weak dispersion force and it's a non polar compound and it posses the boiling point.

This is the temperature at whereby the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure.

At this temperature, the liquid changes into a vapor and the weaker the force of attraction the lower the boiling point.

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The molecular formula of a compound with the empirical formula C13H19O2 and molar mass of 414.64 g/mol is C26H38O4.

To find the molecular formula of a compound with the empirical formula C13H19O2 and a molar mass of 414.64 g/mol, we first need to calculate the empirical formula mass. The empirical formula mass of C13H19O2 is (13 × 12.01 g/mol for carbon) + (19 × 1.01 g/mol for hydrogen) + (2 × 16.00 g/mol for oxygen), which equals 205.32 g/mol. Then, we divide the given molar mass by the empirical formula mass to determine how many times the empirical formula fits into the molar mass.

414.64 g/mol ÷ 205.32 g/mol ≈ 2

Since the result is approximately 2, we multiply the subscripts in the empirical formula by 2 to obtain the molecular formula, resulting in C26H38O4 as the molecular formula of the compound.

Answer:

Charles's law, Avogadro's law and Boyle's law.

Explanation:

I think

Final answer:

Apple juice is a homogeneous mixture due to its uniform composition throughout, making it visually the same, unlike the other given options.

Explanation:

Among the options given, apple juice is an example of a homogeneous mixture. A homogeneous mixture, or solution, has a uniform composition throughout and does not contain visibly distinguishable parts. Apple juice's uniform composition makes it visually the same throughout, unlike a fruit salad, granite, or sand at the beach, which are examples of heterogeneous mixtures where the composition is not uniform and the different parts can be seen. Other examples of homogeneous mixtures include sports drinks, air, and solutions of salt in water.

The frictional force can be calculate as:

Ff = μr * N

where μr is the frictional constant while N is the normal force which is also equivalent to weight, hence:

Ff = 0.002 * 180,000 kg * 9.81 m/s^2

Ff = 3,531.6 N

The frictional force is also equivalent to the product of mass and acceleration, so we can find a:

Ff = m * a

a = 3,531.6 N / 180,000 kg

a = 0.01962 m/s^2 (in negative direction)

We can solve for time using the formula:

v = vi + a t

where v is final velocity = 0, vi is initial velocity = 22 m/s, t is time

0 = 22 - 0.01962 * t

t = 1,121.3 seconds

Final answer:

To find the mole fraction of each gas in the mixture, calculate the number of moles of methane and propane using the Ideal Gas Law. Then, divide the moles of each gas by the total moles to find the mole fraction.

Explanation:

To find the mole fraction of each gas in the mixture, we need to first calculate the number of moles of methane and propane in the mixture. From the given information, we know that the mixture has a volume of 5.04 L. Using the Ideal Gas Law, we can calculate the number of moles of each gas:

Methane (CH4):

1 mole of gas at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure) occupies 22.4 L

Molar mass of methane (CH4) = 12.01 g/mol + (4 * 1.008 g/mol) = 16.04 g/mol

Number of moles of methane = (5.04 L / 22.4 L) * (19.4 g / 16.04 g/mol) = 0.454 moles

Propane (C3H8):

1 mole of gas at STP occupies 22.4 L

Molar mass of propane (C3H8) = (3 * 12.01 g/mol) + (8 * 1.008 g/mol) = 44.11 g/mol

Number of moles of propane = (5.04 L / 22.4 L) * (19.4 g / 44.11 g/mol) = 0.469 moles

Now, to find the mole fraction of each gas:

Mole fraction of methane = moles of methane / total moles of gas = 0.454 / (0.454 + 0.469) ≈ 0.492

Mole fraction of propane = moles of propane / total moles of gas = 0.469 / (0.454 + 0.469) ≈ 0.508

To calculate the height mineral oil will rise in a manometer to balance a pressure difference of 29 mm Hg, we use the ratio of densities between mercury and mineral oil. The mineral oil level will rise approximately 479.82 mm to balance the pressure difference.

To find out how high the level will rise in the manometer when it is filled with mineral oil instead of mercury, we must first understand the relationship between pressure, height, and density in a manometer. Given that the pressure of the gas is 753 mm Hg and atmospheric pressure is 724 mm Hg, the pressure difference that the mineral oil needs to balance is the pressure of the gas minus the atmospheric pressure (753 mm Hg - 724 mm Hg = 29 mm Hg).

Since mercury has a density of 13.6 g/ml, the same pressure difference can be formulated in terms of the mineral oil by using the following ratio:

Pressure difference in terms of mercury (mm Hg) = Pressure difference in terms of mineral oil (height in mm) * (Density of mineral oil / Density of mercury)

Substituting the given density values:

29 mm Hg = height in mm × (0.822 g/ml / 13.6 g/ml)

height in mm = 29 mm Hg / (0.822 g/ml / 13.6 g/ml)

height in mm = 29 mm Hg × (13.6 g/ml / 0.822 g/ml)

height in mm = 29 mm Hg × (13.6 / 0.822)

height in mm = 29 mm Hg × 16.5455

height in mm = 479.82 mm

The level of mineral oil in the manometer will rise approximately 479.82 mm to balance the pressure difference.

To find the height mineral oil will rise in the manometer, calculate the pressure difference between the gas and atmosphere, convert it to mercury's equivalent, and then find the corresponding height in mineral oil based on its density. The mineral oil level will rise approximately 479.8 mm in the manometer.

The student is asking about the rise in mineral oil level in an open-end manometer connected to a gas container when the pressure inside the container and the atmospheric pressure are known. To find the height that the mineral oil would rise in the manometer, we need to equalize the pressures exerted by the mineral oil and mercury (Hg), given that the mercury pressure is 753 mmHg and the atmospheric pressure is 724 mmHg.

First, we calculate the pressure difference the gas is exerting over atmospheric pressure:

Next, we convert this pressure difference to the equivalent height of mineral oil, using the densities provided:

So, the mineral oil level will rise approximately 479.8 mm in the open-end manometer.

The correct answer is 1.19 g of chlorine.

The following reaction is:

2Bi (s) + 3Cl₂ (g) ⇒ 2BiCl₃ (s)

In the reaction, it can be witnessed that 3 mol Cl₂ is equal to 2 mol BiCl₃

The molecular weight of BiCl₃ = 315.33

Thus,

3.52 g BiCl₃ = 3.52 g BiCl₃ × 1.00 mol BiCl₃ / 315.33 g BiCl₃

= 0.0112 mol BiCl₃

The mole ratio of Cl₂ and BiCl₃ is,

3 mol Cl₂ / 2 mol BiCl₃

Therefore, the amount of chlorine needed to form 0.0112 mol BiCl₃ is,

0.0112 mol BiCl₃ × 3 mol Cl₂ / 2 mol BiCl₃ = 0.0168 mol Cl₂

Now, the molecular weight of Cl₂ = 70.90

Thus,

0.0168 mol Cl₂ = 0.0168 mol Cl₂ × 70.90 g Cl₂ / 1.00 mol Cl₂

= 1.19 gm Cl₂

Hence, in the mentioned reaction, there is a need of 1.19 g of chlorine to react to produce 3.52 g of BiCl₃.

Answer is: 1°C.

A change of 1 Kelvin is the same as a change of 1 degree Celsius.

The temperature T in degrees Celsius (°C) is equal to the temperature T in Kelvin (K) minus 273,15: T(°C) = T(K) - 273.15.

For example:

T(He) = 4,2 K.

T(He) = 4,2 K - 273,15.

T(He) = -268,95°C.

The Celsius scale was based on 0°C for the freezing point of water and 100°C for the boiling point of water at 1 atm pressure.