The mitochondria in both plant and animal cells is responsible for producing energy. They make ATP, the cell's main energy-carrying molecule, through a process called cellular respiration. Ensuring both plants and animals have a system to effectively convert nutrients into usable energy.
Explanation:The mitochondria are responsible for producing energy in both plant and animal cells. They are often referred to as the 'powerhouses' or 'energy factories' of a cell. This is because they make adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's main energy-carrying molecule which represents the cell's short-term stored energy.
Cellular respiration is the process of making ATP using the chemical energy found in glucose and other nutrients. Within the mitochondria, this process uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide as a waste product, which we exhale with every breath.
In plants, they also have chloroplasts that perform photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy, then this energy is broken down in mitochondria similar to the process in animals. This clearly shows the interplay and importance of both photosynthesis and respiration in plant cells, and the central role that mitochondria play in both animal and plant cells for energy production.
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Summarize the two stages of cellular respiration. Be sure to explain where in the cell each stage occurs.
Answer:
Sample Response: The first stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm. This is where glucose is broken down into smaller molecules. A small amount of energy is also released. The second stage occurs in the mitochondrion. This is where the small molecules combine with oxygen to produce water, carbon dioxide, and a large amount of energy.
Explanation:
Cellular respiration occurs in two main stages: glycolysis in the cytoplasm, and the Krebs cycle followed by electron transport in the mitochondria. Glycolysis splits glucose into pyruvate, while the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain produce a substantial amount of ATP with oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
Explanation:Stages of Cellular RespirationCellular respiration is a complex process by which cells convert glucose into energy in the form of ATP. It can be summarized in two main stages: glycolysis and the Krebs cycle followed by electron transport.
GlycolysisThe first stage, glycolysis, occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. During glycolysis, a single glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. This step does not require oxygen and produces a small net gain of ATP.
Krebs Cycle and Electron TransportThe second stage starts with the transformation of pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA, which then enters the Krebs cycle within the mitochondria. This cycle completes the oxidation of glucose derivatives, producing CO₂, NADH, and FADH₂.
These high-energy carriers then donate electrons to the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where a significant amount of ATP is produced. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in this process, forming water.
In summary, while glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm, the Krebs cycle and electron transport are centered in the mitochondria, with the latter two stages requiring oxygen.
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According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can neither be created nor destroyed. If this is true, why is there less energy in the top of the energy pyramid than there is in the bottom of the energy pyramid?
While the total amount of energy remains constant as per the law of conservation of energy, the energy available within an ecosystem decreases as you move up the energy pyramid due to loss of energy as heat in metabolic processes.
Explanation:According to the law of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed. However, when energy is transferred through the trophic levels from the producer (at the bottom of the energy pyramid) to consumers (at the top), some energy is lost as heat due to metabolic processes like respiration. This loss of energy explains why there is less energy at the top of an energy pyramid compared to the bottom. Only about 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, a concept referred to as the 10% rule in ecology. Therefore, while the total amount of energy remains constant (as dictated by the law of conservation), the available energy within a given ecosystem decreases as you move up the energy pyramid.
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Energy decreases at each trophic level of an energy pyramid because it's used for life processes and lost as heat; not all consumed biomass is assimilated.
The law of conservation of energy stipulates that energy in the universe is constant - it cannot be created or destroyed, but only change forms. In an energy pyramid, the reason there is less energy at the top compared to the bottom is due to energy transformations and losses. As energy moves up the pyramid from one trophic level to the next, some of it is used for life processes, such as movement and respiration, and is released as heat into the environment. Additionally, not all parts of an organism are consumed by the next level, and not everything consumed is fully digested or assimilated. These factors contribute to the decrease of available energy as one moves up the trophic levels.
What are some characteristics of adaptive social behavior ? Check all that apply.
Final answer:
Characteristics of adaptive social behavior in humans include Prosocial Behavior, Reciprocal Altruism, and the principle of Reciprocity. These traits enable humans to form complex social structures, interact positively with others, and maintain cultural norms.
Explanation:
Adaptive social behavior includes a range of traits and skills that enhance interpersonal interactions and the survival and success of a species within a social context. Some important characteristics of adaptive social behavior in humans are: Prosocial Behavior, which is behavior that is positive, helpful, and intended to promote social acceptance and friendship. Reciprocal Altruism involves individuals helping each other with the expectation that the favor will be returned in the future. This is underpinned by the principle of Reciprocity, where there is a mutual give-and-take in social interactions.
When defining an organism, important behaviors include the ability to maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis), respond to environmental stimuli, grow and reproduce. These traits apply to both uni-and multicellular organisms. Species recognition is also critical, as it allows an organism to differentiate between members of its own species and those of others for purposes like mating and social interaction.
Humans as a species exhibit high levels of sociality, tending to form complex social structures that include elements of both cooperation and competition. Human social behavior also includes the ability to adapt to cultural norms and to engage in complex communicative behaviors.
Faults are generally closely associated with
Answer:
boundaries of the tectonic plates
Explanation:
The faults are cracks that appear on the Earth's crust. They can vary a lot in length, depth, and width, and they are found in multiple places around the globe. In general, the faults are associated with the boundaries of the tectonic plates, or rather they are the ones that are the boundary between the tectonic plates, mostly between the subduction zones and the transform plate boundaries. The faults are made out of two basic parts, the foot wall and the hanging wall. The foot wall is the one that is bellow the ground, while the hanging wall is sticking above the ground. There's few types of faults, such as the strike-slip faults, dip-slip faults, and oblique-slip faults.
What happens to the total population when the birth rate is at 40 and the death rate is at 15?
If the birth rate in a population is 40, and the death rate in that population is 15, then the population will be experiencing growth. The growth will be 25 on every 1,000 people. If this trend continues for longer period, then the population will start to become younger and younger, making the basis of the population pyramid wider, while the top part of it smaller and smaller. This demographic situation in modern times seems to be present only in the less developed countries, with the majority of the transitioning countries having much decreased population growth, and the more developed countries having more deaths than births, thus being aging populations.
Answer:it increases
Explanation:
I need help on this question.
Earth’s global temperature has changed greatly in the past hundreds of years. This is due to how much energy the planet is receiving from the sun and how it radiates back. Another cause is humans, due to deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, pollution, etc.
A biologist counts the number of zebras in a population each year, and notices an increase in the zebra population. Which describes the biologist’s actions? graphing inference observation interacting
Answer:
The correct option is OBSERVATION.
Explanation:
Observation is a scientific method by which one actively acquire information from a primary source. In scientific investigation, observation usually involves using of senses and recording of essential data measured by scientific instruments. In the scenario given in this question, the counting and the recording of the zebra population on a yearly basis by the scientist is an example of observation.
The correct answer is C) Observation.
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What happens in the process of natural selection?
Answer:
an organism would adapt to its environment to survive and in artificial selection the most desirable characteristics are chosen
Explanation:
Natural selection, a mechanism of evolution, occurs when individuals with certain heritable traits survive and reproduce more effectively than others in a specific environment. This process involves variation within species, competition for resources, survival of the fittest, and gradual evolutionary change.
Explanation:The process of natural selection is a key mechanism of evolution, proposed by Charles Darwin, stating that species change over time and space. It operates based on competition, variation, and inheritance. Natural selection occurs when individuals with certain heritable traits survive and reproduce more effectively than others in a specific environment. Here's how it majorly unfolds:
Variation: Individuals within a species demonstrate a wide range of variations in their traits. This genetic diversity occurs due to mutation and sexual reproduction.Competition: Since resources such as food, water, and shelter are limited, there is an inevitable competition for survival.Survival of the Fittest: Individuals with traits better adapted to the environment have a better chance of survival and thus, are more likely to reproduce successfully. These traits then get passed on to the next generation.Evolution: Over generations, these advantageous traits become more common within the population, causing an evolutionary change.Learn more about Natural Selection here:https://brainly.com/question/32227158
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Earth’s surface absorbs forty-six percent of incoming solar radiation. Would more of this energy be absorbed in deserts or in rain forests? Explain your answer.
Answer:
The rain forests would absorb more incoming solar radiation because rain forests have darker colors and rougher surfaces than deserts. Dark colors absorb more energy than light colors and rough surfaces absorb more energy than smooth surfaces.
Explanation:
correct on Ed
The energy absorbed by rain forests is more than the desert from the incoming solar radiation.
Why Rain forest absorbs more energy than the desert?
Rain Forests are characterized as closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture dependent vegetation.
These are characterized by a warm and wet climate with no substantial dry season along with receiving an average rainfall of not less than 168 cm and exceed 1000 cm.
Desert on the other hand is a barren landscape with little precipitation and living conditions are hostile for plants and animals.
The rain forest absorb more energy than desert because:
- Darker appearance resulting into more absorption
-Thick canopy which prevents the light to penetrate deeply
- Forests are hard and erect whereas deserts have loose granules thus cannot absorb more energy as it keeps on dispersing.
A natural rainforest emits and absorbs vast quantities of Carbon Dioxide and on a global scale, long term fluxes are approximately in balance so that an undisturbed rainforest would have a net impact on atmospheric CO2 levels.
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All of the following are functions of the central nervous system except
A. It translates signals from the internal organs
B. It receives messages from the peripheral nervous system
C. It sends messages directly to muscles and glands
Answer:
C
Explanation:
They are sent to the brain the interpreted from there.
A future offspring has just been conceived. When does it have the highest level of potency?
A. Pluripotency
B. Multipotency
C. Totipotency
D. Unipotency
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A totipotent cell can differentiate into any type of cell and is the potency with the highest differentiation potential. It is then followed by pluripotency, multipotency, then unipotency. The ability of a cell to have differentiation potential is governed by the ability of its silenced genes to be easily reactivated.
what is the cell theory as it is stated today
Answer:
The unified cell theory states that: all living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; and new cells arise from existing cells. Rudolf Virchow later made important contributions to this theory.
Answer:
New CELLS are PRODUCED by division of EXISTING cells.
Explanation:
A cell that is already in your body gets divided in order to produce new cells.
Your cousin returns from a trip to caves from around the globe. He shows you some snot-like
material and states that it is alive. When you put it under the microscope, it is not made of
cells. It is not alive.
Answer:
false because all living things are made of a cell or many cells. when it went under the microscope, it did not have cells so therefore, its not alive.
Which of the following statements is true :A. In mutualism only one species benefits from cooperation , B. mutualism is a special type of interspecies competition C. Growing large root systems is one way plants compete for water , D. food is the most important resource for plants
Answer:
C. Growing large root systems is one way plants compete for water
Explanation:
Mutualism is not between a species, so B is wrong. It also benefits both species, so A is wrong.
Answer:
C. Growing large root systems is one way plants compete for water
Explanation:
In mutualism, both species involved are benefited. Then, both options A and B are incorrect.
The most important resources for plants are water, sunlight and soil minerals. Then, option D is incorrect.
Geologists conclude that the clasts in Layer A are older than the layer itself. Which geologic principle do the geologists use to draw this conclusion?
Answer:
C. Principle of inclusion
Explanation:
One of the principles used to date a rock relatively is using "principle of inclusion".
The principle of inclusion states that " the fragments included in the host rock are older than the rock itself".
The fragment of rocks in the sedimentary layer A are older than the rock layers itself. If we encounter the main rock where the fragment is derieved is older than layer A itself.
The principle asserts that for us to have those fragments of rocks in the layer A, the fragments must have been derieved from rocks that have already formed. Therefore, that rock is older than the sedimentary layer.
Principle of original horizontality states that "beds of sedimentary rocks formed as horizontal or horizontal layers".
Principle of superposition states that "in an undeformed or undisturbed sedimentary sequence, the older rock is at the bottom of the sequence".
Describe how minerals form in diagram C
Answer:
Explanation:
C is a volcano.
A volcano is as a result of igneous activities.
Volcanoes are landforms formed by the extrusion of magma on the earth crust.
Magma that reached the crust is called a lava and it is made up of molten rock minerals.
When the lava cools, it forms the rocks we see on the crust.
The mechanism by which minerals forms in a melt is known as differentiation. Differentiation is the process by which minerals separates from an originally uniform mixture. As temperature varies within the earth, new minerals forms by combining elements and others are broken down.
In a Volcano, the melt is the mineral soup. The melt is at a very high temperature. As it rises through the vent to the surface, temperature decreases very rapidly. When temperature reduces rapidly, it is difficult for large minerals to form. Minerals crystallise out of the melt according to the Bowen's reaction series and the composition of the melt.
We must note that, as the melt rises through the crust, it assimilates some crustal materials. Some of these materials can change the original composition of the melt as it rises. If such a melt orginates from the mantle, it mixes with crustal rocks and forms a rock bearing some mafic and felsic minerals.
It is typical to find fine grained rocks that lacks crystals in such a place. This is because the cooling of the melt was rapid and crystals could not form properly.
Minerals are formed when transition metals bond with other elements, often through the ions' formation process. Examples of these processes include the creation of mineral crystals in bone through the bonding of calcium and phosphorus, and the formation of ionic compounds. Ionic compound formation typically involves metals losing electrons and nonmetals gaining electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Explanation:Minerals such as malachite, azurite, and proustite form when transition metals bond with other elements and create complexes. This process involves the formation of ions. For instance, atoms may lose or gain electrons, forming cations (positively charged ions) or anions (negatively charged ions) respectively. An example of this is the sodium atom losing electrons to form a sodium ion, or calcium forming a calcium cation.
In the specific case of calcium, it can bond with elements such as phosphorus to produce mineral crystals found in structures like bones. Another example of a chemical reaction involving calcium is the formation of solid calcium hydroxide from the reaction of solid calcium oxide with liquid water.
The formation of ionic compounds, wherein metals lose electrons and nonmetals gain electrons to achieve an octet, is also crucial in the formation of minerals. Lewis symbols often illustrate these electron transfers.
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A volcano erupted and covered the surrounding area with lava and ash, destroying the plant life and remaining soil. Life eventually returned to this area and began to go through ecological succession.
Describe some of the characteristics of plants in the first stages of primary succession.
Explain what must happen in the area so that plants would be able to colonize the area again.
The first plants that will start to flourish in the area would be the ones that do not require soil for their growth, and are perfectly satisfied with getting lot of sunlight, thus the pioneers will be the mosses and the lichens. As there will be more and more mosses and lichens, the area will start to be dominated by them, and as some of them die, they will decompose, slowly changing the rocks, and giving birth to the new soil. Initially the soil will be very thin, so only plants with low requirements will be able to grow, mostly short grasses. The small grasses though will contribute to much higher amounts of biomass, so the soil will be becoming deeper and more fertile as the time passes. Than the shrubs will be able to grow in this area, and as they too will contribute to larger amounts of biomass, and making the soil deeper and more fertile, the trees will come at least and spread out in the area.
Why might so many different methods be needed to study DNA and genes
Answer:
So many different methods might be needed to study DNA because DNA is a small structure, and having different methods to view it allows different parts to be viewed.
Explanation: Hope this helps. Please name me brainliest
Of the three species, Acer rubrum, Acer sucre, and Pseudotriton rubrum, which are more closely related? A. Acer rubrum and Acer sucre B. Acer rubrum and Pseudotriton rubrum C. Acer sucre and Pseudotriton rubrum D. There is no way of knowing without more information.
Answer:
a. Acer rubrum and acer sucre
Explanation:
The acer sucre and acer rubrum are more related to each other, since in fact, we can see in the taxonomy of their name that they belong to the same genus. The genus is indicated in the first name of the species
The acer species refers to the trees that have characteristic tips in their leaves and a suitable wood with a hardness that in antiquity was ideal for the manufacture of spears. More popularly it includes a group of species of Arces
The pseudotriton rubrum is a kind of Salamander
Which best explains what would happen to the muscular system if the digestive system broke down? A. No carbon dioxide would be available to the cells, and the organism would die. B. An increase in wastes would be sent to each cell, and they would become infected. C. Oxygen would not be removed, and the muscles would not be able to move. D. No energy would be available to the cells, and the organism would not be able to move.
Answer:
D. No energy would be available to the cells, and the organism would not be able to move.
Explanation:
Function of digestive system is to breakdown the nutrients into the simpler elements which in turn are absorbed by cells. These simpler elements, such as glucose, amino acids etc, serve enter the cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process of complete oxidation of nutrients to drive ATP synthesis. If digestive system breaks down, processes of digestion of food and cellular respiration would not occur. This would hamper the supply of ATP to muscles and the organism will not be able to move in absence of muscle movement.
When an object is approaching you while making a sound, the pitch of the sound is perceived
to be
fluctuating
unchanged
higher
lower
Answer:
Higher
Explanation:
The frequency is perceived to be higher than the actual frequency. This is due to the relative motion of sound source which approach to us.
The correct answer is C. higher.
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what is skepticism
Answer: skepticism involves the application of skeptical philosophy, critical-thinking skills, and knowledge of science and its methods to empirical claims, while remaining agnostic or neutral to non-empirical claims
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
Skepticism is an attitude which raises questioning, and doubts towards a claim, belief, dogma, knowledge, result of a experimental process or methodology used for conducting the experiment or research, theory, law or statement. It also generates the curiosity which can be used to create a new innovation, research and experiment.
When magnesium combines with sulfur to form magnesium sulfide, it is oxidized to Mg2+. Which statement is true about this reaction?
A.
It involves gain of electrons.
B.
It involves loss of electrons.
c.
It involves loss of oxygen.
D.
It involves gain of hydrogen.
Answer:b
Explanation:
Answer:
The Answer is B:
Loss of electrons
Explanation:
Correct on Plato
Prairie dogs are a species whose very presence contributions to the existence of the ecosystem in which it lives. Prairie dogs contribute to the soil and water quantities in their plain ecosystem there for aging retains water in the soil and forces fresh new grassi's to continue growing young grasses have more nutrition for species such as bison and Elk. Prairie dogs are an example of
A. A Keystone species
B. An abiotic factor
C. A producer
I think the answer is C. but I'm not sure. please help....THANK YOU
Answer:
A. A keystone species
Explanation:
The prairies dog is an animal that might not seem as the most important in its ecosystem because it is a small mammal, which doesn't seem to have any great effect on things. In reality, it is the total opposite of it, as the prairie dog is a keystone species in its ecosystem. Its activity results in movement of the water, fertilizing of the soil, making the soil more porous, contribute to the growth of the new vegetation, thus in a way the prairie dog is the key figure in its ecosystem. The species that have such important roles, or rather key roles in the supporting of the ecosystem are called keystone species.
While viewing a topographic map, you notice a region in which the contour lines are very close together. What can you conclude about this region?
Answer:that means there's a short distance between places with different elevations
Explanation:basically when the contours are closer that means that the slope is steep. The contour intervals tell the vertical distance between each line by counting the number of contours of neighboring lines and multiplying it with contour intervals we can calculate the elevation of any line
Answer: It means it has a steep incline!
Explanation:
Because contour lines join points of equal elevation and the closer together those lines are, the steeper the slope.
The first case of using two words as a scientific name _____.
was introduced by John Ray
was introduced during the Renaissance
was introduced by the Greeks
Answer: The first case of using two words as a scientific name was introduced by John Ray, he was an english naturalist of the XVII century. He used complex terms composed by two words to describe the species.
Explanation:
The use of two words as a scientific name was introduced by Carl Linnaeus, who established the binomial nomenclature system in the 18th century. This system, using Latin or Greek words for genus and species, provides a unique and universally recognized name for each species.
The first case of using two words as a scientific name was introduced by Carl Linnaeus, who established the binomial nomenclature system. The binomial naming system consists of two unique names: the genus name and the species name. Both are crucial in scientifically identifying and classifying species to avoid confusion caused by common names, which may vary by region.
Before Linnaeus, the use of common names was prevalent, but it was prone to errors and inconsistencies due to regional variations. Linnaeus' system uses two Latin- or Greek-form words: the first name representing the genus and capitalized, and the second name indicating the species in lower-case. For example, Homo sapiens is the binomial name for humans, and Cyanocitta cristata is the binomial for the North American blue jay.
While John Ray contributed significantly to the definition of species and Caspar Bauhin took steps towards a two-word naming system, the binomial nomenclature was solidified and popularized by Linnaeus in the 18th century, ensuring a uniform and global recognition of species.
Describe the role of enzymes and the cell cycle
Answer: Cyclins are named such because they undergo a constant cycle of synthesis and degradation during cell division. When cyclins are synthesized, they act as an activating protein and bind to Cdks forming a cyclin-Cdk complex. This complex then acts as a signal to the cell to pass to the next cell cycle phase.
Explanation: Cyclins are named such because they undergo a constant cycle of synthesis and degradation during cell division. When cyclins are synthesized, they act as an activating protein and bind to Cdks forming a cyclin-Cdk complex. This complex then acts as a signal to the cell to pass to the next cell cycle phase.
Chromosomes from a mother and a father combines during fertilization. What does the offspring of two parents inherit through these chromosomes
Answer:
genes
Explanation:
only one that makes sense to create a child the child developes both parents genes, plus i took this already
Final answer:
The offspring inherits a complete set of chromosomes from their parents, with each parent contributing one set of 23 chromosomes. This genetic inheritance includes genes that dictate specific traits and characteristics, with diverse gene variants or alleles coming from each parent.
Explanation:
During fertilization, chromosomes from a mother and a father combine, resulting in each offspring inheriting a unique set of genetic instructions. The chromosomes inherited are encased in the egg and sperm, with each containing one copy of each chromosome, for a total of 23 chromosomes in humans. Upon the fertilization of an egg by a sperm, the zygote that is formed contains two copies of each chromosome, mirroring the chromosomal count of each parent.
For instance, a child may inherit the gene for dimples from one parent and the gene for non-dimpled skin from the other parent. Each gene variant, or allele, can vary between the two parents, contributing to the diversity in the offspring's genetic makeup. Furthermore, the combination of chromosomes and the shuffling of genetic material during meiosis – which produces the gametes – introduces additional genetic variation in the offspring.
How does yellow fever spread?
Answer:
mosquitoes
Explanation:
Yellow fever spreads by mosquitoes
which enzyme is mixed with a DNA sample before gel electrophoresis
Answer:
Restriction enzyme
Explanation:
Gel electrophoresis is a process or a technique in which fragments of DNA are separated in terms of their sizes.The restriction enzyme is mixed with a DNA sample before the process. The restriction enzyme cut DNA at specific points into fragments which can then be separated based on their sizes on an agarose gel.When current is applied to the gel DNA move towards the positively charged electrode since DNA is negatively charged, with shorter fragments migrating faster through the gel in comparison with large fragments.