What holds the monomers of a single strand of nucleic acid together in a chain?
Answers
Answer:
Nucleic acids are of two types DNA and RNA which are made up of monomeric units called nucleotides.
One monomer is one nucleotide which further consists of three parts:
1: Nitrogenous base
2: Sugar (a ribose sugar in RNA and a deoxyribose sugar in DNA)
3: Phosphate group
Explanation:
If we talk about single strand of nucleic acid DNA or RNA, there is a phosphodiester linkage that holds monomers together in a strand of nucleic acids. This phospho di ester linkage is formed when a condensation reaction occurs between a hydroxyl group of two sugars and a phosphate group.
You can see a better representation in attached figure.
Hope it help!
In a single strand of nucleic acid, the monomers (nucleotides) are held together by phosphodiester bonds. These create a sugar-phosphate backbone with protruding nucleotide bases. The bases can pair with others to form a double helix structure via weaker hydrogen bonds.
Explanation:The monomers of a single strand of nucleic acid, known as nucleotides, are held together in a chain by phosphodiester bonds. These bonds occur between the 5' phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 3' hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide, linking them together to form a long polymer or chain. This bonding creates a sugar-phosphate backbone for each single strand of DNA, where the nucleotide bases protrude.
Various nucleotides are used in this process, including adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine in DNA, and these form a double helix structure when two such strands are attached at their protruding bases via millions of hydrogen bonds. This structure can easily unzip down the middle, due to the relatively weaker hydrogen bonds compared to the strong covalent bonds in the phosphodiester bonds, allowing both strands to function as templates for replication.
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Related Questions
Think about the sources you would use to get information about scientific ideas. Which sources would you avoid? Check all that apply.
a magazine
an encyclopedia
a scientific journal
an advertisement
a TV show
Answers
You would avoid the following:
-An Advertisement
-A TV Show
-A Magazine
Answer: An an advertisement , a TV show, a magazine
Explanation:
When a person wants to get information about scientific ideas then he should not use a TV show, a magazine or an advertisement. It does not contains scientific ideas as a content.
The main content is pseudoscience and drama. The other sources like encyclopedia and scientific journal can be used as a source to get information about scientific ideas.
The dark brown organic material found in soil is called __________. Question 13 options: compost fertilizer humus sediment
Answers
The answer to your question is humus.
Help Me Plz!
6. If DNA is stuck in the nucleus, but proteins are made in the ribosomes (out in the cytoplasm), how do we get the information out of the nucleus?
a. Messanger RNA (mRNA)
b. Enzymes
c. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
d. Helper RNA (hRNA)
11. How do tRNA molecules know where to go?
a. They look at the DNA coding
b. They complement the mRNA strand
c. They guess
d. They get help from the ribosomes
16. True or False: After a protein sequence is made, it needs to fold into the correct shape.
18. What is one characteristic that determines how the protein folds?
a. The amino acids hydrophobicity
b. The DNA
c. The color of the amino acid
d. Both hydrophobicity and color
19. If all the amino acids were hydrophobic and you placed them in water, what would happen to the shape of the protein?
a. It would squish into a ball (as best as possible)
b. It would flatten out
c. Half would flatten and half would be a ball
d. All the above
20. What is a mutation?
a. When something gets changed, or there is a mistake in the DNA sequence
b. When the DNA strand accidentally leaves the nucleus
c. When the mRNA strand doesn’t attach to a ribosome
d. No protein forms
21. Describe the effects a DNA mutation could have on a protein.
a. The mutation might code for a different amino acid
b. It a letter is deleted it could shift the reading frame and change all the subsequent amino acids
c. A hydrophobic amino acid could change to a hydrophilic amino acid which would cause the protein to fold differently.
d. All the above
Answers
6. A (messenger RNA)
11. B (have anti-codons which correspond to the codons on the mRNA)
16. True (proteins get their function mostly from their shape. If they are denatured/bent out of shape, they are no longer functional)
18. A (if an amino acid is hydrophobic, it will fold away from the water to the inside of the protein)
19. A (not too sure about this one)
20. A
21. D
Note: I didn't check the date on this question, haha
I might be too late to help
Which is not a drawback of using fossil fuels ?
A. They release radioactive waste
B. They cause air pollution
C. They release greenhouse gases
D. They are non renewable
Answers
Answer:
A) They release radioactive waste.
Explanation:
Fossil fuels are non renewable resources do not release radioactive wastes / materials, but they do release greenhouse gases, causing air pollution.
Final answer:
The statement not associated with the drawback of using fossil fuels is that they release radioactive waste. Fossil fuels cause air pollution and release greenhouse gases and are non-renewable, but do not create radioactive waste. Thus, option A is correct.
Explanation:
The question asks to identify which statement is not a drawback of using fossil fuels. The correct answer is A. They release radioactive waste. This is a drawback associated with nuclear power, not fossil fuels. However, fossil fuels are known to cause significant air pollution, emit greenhouse gases, and are non-renewable resources.
Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, take millions of years to form and hence are classified as non-renewable. The combustion of these fuels releases large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Additionally, the burning of fossil fuels results in the release of pollutants into the air, contributing to air pollution.
This is any cell in a living organism that is not part of reproduction.
Example: skin cells, muscle tissue
Answers
The answer to your question are the Somatic cells. They are all of the cells that are not related to reproduction. Hope this helped!
Answer: Somatic cell
Explanation:
A somatic cell is any cell forming the body of an organism that is not a gamete, germ cells or undifferentiated stem cell. For example, skin cell, muscle cell, blood cell and others. Thereby, they are all cells that make up an organism and are not used to form a new organism during reproduction. New somatic cells are created through mitosis, when a cell divides to form two identical diploid cells. The major purpose of this type of cell division is for growth and to replace cells.
Germ cell give rise to the gametes, which are reproductive cells (egg or sperm). They are haploid cells because they carry only one copy of each chromosome. They create new gamete cells through meiosis. And undifferentiated stem cells can divide to produce other cells that continue as stem cells or cells that are destined to differentiate.
The Hardy-Weinberg principle is written as an equation: p2 + pq2 + q2 = 1. What does the q represent?
the size of the population
the size of the gene pool
frequency of the dominant allele
frequency of the recessive allele
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer option is: frequency of the recessive allele.
Explanation:
When there are no mutations, no selective forces, no gene flow, no non-random mating and large population size, the population is said to be in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium.
When Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is met, it is written in the form of an equation which is as follows:
[tex]p^2+2pq+q^2=1[/tex]
where [tex]p^2[/tex] represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant allele, [tex]2pq[/tex] is the frequency of the heterozygous allele while q or[tex]q^2[/tex] represents the frequency of the homozygous recessive allele.
Which steps are involved in desalination of water? Check all that apply. Salt is removed from ocean water to provide fresh water. Water is heated until it evaporates. Water is condensed and collected. Water is transported from one area to another area that has little water. Water is collected and salt allowed to settle at the bottom.
Answers
The correct answer is option as given below -
1. Water is heated until it evaporates.
2. Water is condensed and collected.
3. Water is collected and salt allowed to settle at the bottom.
Answer:
1 2 3 comrades
Explanation:
what is the genotype for a recessive trait found in the female chromosome
Answers
Genotype for a recessive trait found on the female chromosome is b.
A female with two copies of a recessive allele on her X chromosomes is homozygous for an X-linked recessive trait. She will pass on this trait to her male offspring. Female carriers with one recessive and one dominant allele can pass on the carrier status or the disease to their children.
The genotype for a recessive trait carried on the female X chromosome is represented by two alleles, one on each X chromosome. When it comes to X-linked recessive traits, females need to inherit two copies of the recessive allele to express the trait. If they inherit only one recessive allele and one dominant allele, they are considered carriers and do not usually show the trait.
In humans, ailments such as certain forms of color blindness, hemophilia, and muscular dystrophy are examples of X-linked recessive conditions. A female who is homozygous for a recessive X-linked trait (meaning she has two copies of the recessive allele, one on each X chromosome) will pass this trait on to all of her male offspring. This is because males have one X and one Y chromosome, and they will inherit the Y chromosome from their father and the X chromosome from their mother. If a woman is heterozygous for the trait (having one recessive and one dominant allele), she may not express the disease but can still pass on the carrier status to her daughters or the disease to her sons.
Best protection against rickets
Answers
Answer
The following steps can be taken to prevent rickets;
• Maintaining a healthy diet with good source of vitamin D
• Taking vitamin D supplement
• Basking on the sun
Explanation
Rickets is a condition characterized by softening and weakening of bones in kids due to lack of vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential in the body because it helps in absorption of calcium and phosphorus. When a kid lacks vitamin D, he or she faces challenges of maintaining enough levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bones resulting to rickets.
A genetic mutation involving a single base causes an error that affects the sequence of the next 500 amino acids in a protein. Which type of mutation could have produced this type of error in the protein?
A)Silent
B)Nonsensse
C)frame-shift
Answers
Answer:
C)frame-shift
Explanation:
Since the protein-encoding DNA is divided into codons of three bases each, insertions and deletions can alter a gene to the point that its message loses its meaning. These changes are called the reading frame offset.
For example, consider the phrase: "The fat cat sat". Each letter represents a codon. If we delete the first letter and try to analyze the sentence in the same way, it doesn't make sense. In frame-shift, a similar error occurs at the molecular level, causing the codons to be analyzed incorrectly. This usually produces useless proteins.
generally describe what forces ultimately shaped the earth into its modern form
Answers
The force of gravity is a major force that created the earth. As rocks and ice clumped together as they spun around the newly formed star (sun), the force of gravitational pull increased and attracted more debris (rocks and ice). The clumps of rocks, debris, and ice, therefore, grew into a planet.
Another is electromagnetic force. The spinning currents in the outer core of the earth create a dynamo effect that forms a magnetic field around the earth. This shields the earth from the solar storms of the sun hence protects life and the atmosphere.
Weak nuclear force is responsible for maintaining the heat of the earth’s interior which is critical for maintaining the dynamo effect of the outer core so the earth is protected by its magnetic field.
critique the phrase airspeed velocity of a swallow
Answers
Critique the phrase airspeed velocity of a swallow as Its redundant. The velocity of a flying object already includes its airspeed.
When we think of African or European swallow?It's obvious, you'll be thinking of African or European swallow; we might consider the West African swallow, or the South African Cave swallow, however, choosing one between these two would be completely arbitrary- and neither is it sufficiently studied to provide the absolute data we need.
Not withstanding, there is an accepted way to estimate the airspeed of a bird using Strouhal ratio's equation. This states that "the frequency of wingbeats multiplied by their amplitude and divided by the airspeed of the bird provides a semi-constant value." This is known as the Strouhal number and averages between 0.2 and 0.4 for most birds, with a higher number denoting a less efficient flight pattern.
Flight is (for those poor people who we're not opportune to watch it) clearly very efficient, seeming almost effortless. So we’ll go for the lower end of Strouhal numbers in our working, giving us (drumroll please), an airspeed velocity of 11–16 metres per second. That’s 40–60 kilometers per hour.
Therefore, Critique the phrase airspeed velocity of a swallow as Its redundant. The velocity of a flying object already includes its airspeed.
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Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily? A) small polar molecules B) small nonpolar molecules C) large polar molecules D) large nonpolar molecules E) large neutral molecules
Answers
B) small non-polar molecules. Small molecules can pass through the cell membrane through diffusion (does not require energy). The molecule being non-polar is an advantage because the tails of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic (nonpolar), so it does not repel nonpolar molecules.
Small nonpolar molecules, due to their compatibility with the nonpolar interior of the cell membrane, will pass through a cell membrane most easily.
Explanation:As per the properties of the cell membrane, small nonpolar molecules will pass through a cell membrane most easily. This is because the cell membrane is a lipid bilayer, in which the main components are phospholipids. These phospholipids are made up of a polar 'head' and two nonpolar 'tails'. Hence, the nonpolar (hydrophobic) interior of the cell membrane allows nonpolar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide to easily cross the membrane without requiring any additional energy, hence making choice B) the answer to your question.
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How would a geologist use absolute dating to determine the age of sedimentary layers?
A.by dating the age of several radioactive elements in a sedimentary rock layer
B.by dating the age of intrusions and extrusions near a sedimentary rock layer
C.by comparing the relative ages of several sedimentary rock layers
D.by identifying fossils in nearby intrusion and extrusions and determining their age
Answers
Answer is B
Hope this helps!
By dating the age of intrusions and extrusions near a sedimentary rock layer.
What is Sedimentary layers?Sedimentary rocks are one of three main types of rocks, along with igneous and metamorphic. They are formed on or near the Earth’s surface from the compression of ocean sediments or other processes.
In contrast to metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are generated deep beneath the Earth, sedimentary rocks are formed on or around the surface of the planet.
The impacts of wind and rain, which gradually reduce huge boulders into smaller ones, are included in erosion and weathering. Boulders and even mountains become sediments, such as sand or mud, as a result of erosion and weathering.
Therefore, By dating the age of intrusions and extrusions near a sedimentary rock layer.
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The frog population in this ecosystem is rapidly decreasing due to pesticide use. Bird watchers in the area express their concerns about the impact the loss of frogs will have on birds. Officials hire a scientist to study the system and give an opinion.
Which statement would be the most likely response from the scientist?
A.Loss of frogs is likely to increase grasshopper populations so all bird populations are also likely to increase.
B.Loss of frogs is likely to have little effect on bird populations because birds can easily switch food sources.
C.Loss of frogs is likely to have positive effects on some bird species and negative effects on others.
D.Loss of frogs is likely to negatively affect all bird species in the food web because a prey species would be lost
Answers
I would say the answer is A or B
The scientist would likely suggest that the decrease in frog population may have both positive and negative impacts on various bird populations, based on their individual adaptability and alternate food sources.
Explanation:The most likely response from the scientist studying the ecosystem and decreasing population of frogs would be option C: 'Loss of frogs is likely to have positive effects on some bird species and negative effects on others.' This is because every species in an ecosystem is interconnected. Frogs are a food source for certain bird species, and their loss could lead to declines in those bird populations. However, some other bird species might benefit if they can easily switch to other food sources, such as insects or small mammals, that might become more abundant in the absence of frogs.
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What is nonpoint source pollution?
What is a point source pollution?
Answers
Answer:
Point source pollution and nonpoint source pollution are both potentially harmful to the environment. The main difference between point source pollution and nonpoint source pollution is that point source pollution is easier to track to its source. The source of pollution is easily identifiable in point source pollution, but not in nonpoint source pollution. For this reason, point source pollution is easier to regulate and therefore easier to control. This makes nonpoint source pollution potentially more harmful to the environment.
Explanation:
its a sample answer from edge 2021
true or false: omnivores eat plants and animals
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
They eat both plants and animals, animals like
pigs, badgers, bears, coatis, civets, hedgehogs, opossums, skunks, sloths, squirrels, raccoons, chipmunks, mice, and rats. The hominidae, including humans, chimpanzees, and orangutans, are omnivores.
Hope this helps you.
How is the ring of fire different from the Hawaiian islands
Answers
Hawaii sits smack dab in the middle of the Ring of Fire, a 25,000 mile boundary around the Pacific Ocean where tectonic plates meet to create volcanoes, earthquakes, and deep ocean trenches. Since Hawaii sits in the middle of the Pacific plate, not on a tectonic plate boundary, its volcanoes form in a different way.
which of these changes to the DNA triplet 3'GCT5' will affect the protein produced?
Answers
The answer would be GTT
minerals are formed from inorganic materials
Answers
A rabbit eats a carrot for food. What happens to the molecules of the food?
A.
The molecules get converted to energy and other types of molecules.
B.
The molecules get converted to energy only.
C.
The molecules get completely eliminated by the rabbit as waste.
D.
The molecules get destroyed in the animal's body.
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The carrots can have various percentages of different nutrient components from vitamins, carbohydrates, and proteins. The molecules serve different purposes in the rabbit's body. Proteins are usually digested into simple amino acids that can be used to make up other proteins. The carbohydrates are broken down into glucose that can be broken down do provide energy for the cells' biochemical processes. Excess glucose is turned into fats. Vitamins are absorbed and used for a myriad of functions such as ossification of bones.
What would you predict the temperature of the dry sand to be if the scientist took a reading after 10 minutes ?
Answers
Mmm you tell me babe
What is the correct order of star colors from hottest to coolest ?
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Blue stars are the hottest stars of all, so you know that it goes first in the order. The only answer that has blue first is D, so you know that is the correct answer.
The correct order of star colors from hottest to coolest is blue, white, yellow white, and orange. The correct option is D.
What are the different colors of the stars?The most awesome stars are red. Compared to red stars, yellow stars are hotter. Red and yellow stars are not as hot as white stars. The hottest stars are those that are blue.
According to the stellar classification, stars are divided into seven primary categories, namely O, B, A, F, G, K, and M, based on their temperature. The hottest stars are O and the coldest stars are M.
These groupings are colored blue, blue-white, white, yellow-white, yellow, orange, and red in that order. From hottest to coldest, this is the order.
Therefore, the correct option is D. blue, white, yellow white, and orange.
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Suppose you have the following set of data:
3 cm, 7 cm, 7 cm, 7 cm, 9 cm, 11 cm, 12 cm
What is the mode of the data set?
A. 7 cm
B. 8 cm
C. 9 cm
D. 10 cm
Answers
Answer by YourHope:
Hi! :)
What is the mode of the data set?
The answer is A) 7 cm!
:)
Answer: A. 7 cm
Explanation: the MODE is the most occurring data or the most frequently occurring data.
Option A (7cm) occurs most in the set
Identify several animal species native to your local community. Research the feeding habits of these species. Also look for any information about organisms that may use these animals as a source of food. Begin to create a food web showing the feeding relationships between all of the organisms you identify from this first step. Use the results from the previous step to widen your search. Add more organisms to your food web as you read. In addition, identify each organism according to its role in the food web: producers, consumers (herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores), and decomposers. Be sure that you have several representatives of each energy role.Use the computer to prepare a model of a food web summarizing the information you gathered during your research. This may be done using word processing or illustrating software. Include the sources you used as you gathered information during your research. Click on the link below to access the Food Web portfolio rubric. Review the rubric to be sure that you understand how your work will be evaluated. If you feel that you need to make any adjustments to your food web, do that before submitting it to your teacher.
Answers
This would depend entirely on where you live.
I live in the U.P. of Michigan, so mine would be something like this:
An animal species native to my community is the wolf. The wolf can eat animals as small rabbits and birds, all the way up to deer. It is very rare to see a wolf hunted and eaten by something else besides a human.
I cannot finish the rest of this question because I wasn't there for Part 1.
This depends entirely on where you live. If you live near an ocean, maybe you can do it on sea creatures. If you live in the desert, maybe you can do it on snakes. If you live in an arctic area, you could do it on polar bears. There are many combinations and a quick Google search can tell you what they eat and what eats them.
Most of the nucleated cells in a multicellular organism contain all of the genetic information for the organism. Which of the following cells does not fall into this category?
Parenchymal cell
Nerve cell
Epithelial cell
Sperm cell
Answers
Answer: Sperm cell
Explanation:
Amongst all the 4 options given, only the Sperm cell is a gamete (sex cell) while all the three are somatic cells.
A somatic cell is the one which forms the body of an organism and contains all the genetic information.A gamete is the one which is required for the purpose of fertilization. A gamete of male fuses with the gamete of female in a process called fertilization to form a zygote to give rise to a new individual.A Sperm cell is basically a male gamete. It contains only half the amount of genetic information as the other half is contributed by the female gamete.This difference in the amount of genetic information arises due to the type of cell division that occurs. The somatic cells undergo mitosis whereas a gamete requires meiosis to occur for its formation.During mitosis there is a single round of cell division which divides the parent cell into two daughter cells each with the complete genetic information. During meiosis the cell undergoes two rounds of cell division such that a total lf 4 cells are produced each with half the amount of genetic material as present in the parent cell.Since, sperm is a male gamete and is formed by meiosis it contains only half the genetic information as compared to the other cells.
(d) Sperm cells is correct option, superm cell unlike most nucleated cells, contain only half the genetic information of the organism (haploid) due to their role as germ cells.
Most of the nucleated cells in a multicellular organism contain the complete set of genetic information for the organism, which is characteristic of somatic cells.This includes cells like parenchymal cells, nerve cells, and epithelial cells. However, sperm cells do not fall into this category because they are germ cells.Germ cells, including sperm and eggs, contain half the genetic information of somatic cells—they are haploid, carrying only one set of chromosomes.This reduction in chromosome number happens through a special cell division process called meiosis.When a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, the resulting zygote has the full set of genetic information.Which cell structure does a bacterial cell lack? Ribosome Cell Wall Lysosome Cytoskeleton
Answers
Answer is A. Ribosome
Ribosome cell structure does a bacterial cell lack.
What is Ribosome?A ribosome is an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell.
The ribosome reads the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, which grow into long chains that fold to form proteins.
The biological machinery that produces proteins is known as a ribosome. Each cell contains several ribosomes, which are each composed of two subunits. These two subunits form a tight seal around the messenger RNA molecule before moving down its length and reading each three-letter codon.
Therefore, Ribosome cell structure does a bacterial cell lack.
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Which of the following is an example of how a changing environment is important for the sustainability of living systems?
A.
The water cycle ensures that water used by one organism will be available for another organism in the future.
B.
The erosion of top soil reduces the diversity of organisms in an ecosystem.
C.
Global climate change may lead to the extinction of many species that are unable to adapt to the changes.
D.
all of these
Answers
D. They all show a change in the environment
THnks for your responding, but the rght answer is (A.) because I click (D) I got it wrong So!!!!!!! A is the right answer..
Which of the following can be explained with science? (4 points) Select one: a. Plant growth b. Career options c. Moral value d. Meaning of life
Answers
-All ralig have eyes. -All hafte have ears. -Some ralig have ears.
Answers
This is a syllogism question and you have posted three statements here.
All ralig have eyes (lets call it region A)All hafte have ears (lets call it region B)Some ralig have ears (lets call it region C)Now, the diagram is attached here.
So, the conclusion statements can be found on the basis of these 3 premise statements