Antibody–antigen complex: The forked end of an antibody recognises and binds to the antigen on the surface of the pathogen. The third and final line of defence is the immune response. The invading microbe or pathogen is called an antigen. It is regarded as a threat by the immune system and is capable of stimulating an immune response.
Why is the top layer of the ocean the warmest?
The top layer of the ocean is the warmest because it absorbs most of the sunlight, resulting in a less dense water that stays at the surface. This layer, mixed by winds and currents, is called the mixed layer. Below this, temperature decreases rapidly in the thermocline, and deep layers receive no sunlight, remaining cold and stable.
Explanation:The top layer of the ocean is the warmest because it is most directly affected by the sun's energy. The sunlight efficiently heats the ocean's surface, resulting in a warm, less dense layer of water. This layer is referred to as the mixed layer, which has a uniform temperature due to the mixing effects of surface winds, waves, and currents. Beneath this mixed layer is the thermocline, a zone where the temperature drops rapidly with increased depth. Deeper parts of the ocean are substantially cooler because sunlight cannot reach them, and water here has minimal interaction with atmospheric temperatures.
The density of seawater, which is determined by its temperature and salinity, contributes to the ocean's stratification, with denser (colder and saltier) water lying below lighter (warmer and less salty) water. Human activities have increased the temperature at the ocean's surface, and satellite observations have confirmed the expansion of low-productivity areas in the ocean due to reduced vertical mixing and nutrient supply caused by this increased stratification.
Furthermore, the ocean absorbs a significant amount of the Earth's heat, with most of it concentrated near the surface. This is due to the ocean's high specific heat capacity, which allows it to absorb a lot of energy with only a small increase in temperature. Overall, the ocean's top layer remains the warmest due to a combination of sunlight absorption, wind-induced mixing, and the high heat capacity of water.
The Cretaceous-Paleogene was a mass extinction event in which nearly every single large, land-dwelling dinosaur went extinct. Which of the following did not result from this extinction event?
A.
Diverse species of animals began to evolve.
B.
Meteorites struck the region that Mexico now occupies.
C.
Clouds of dust and gas billowed into Earth's atmosphere.
D.
Ecological niches were left empty but with the potential to be filled.
Answer:
B. Meteorites struck the region that Mexico now occupies
Explanation:
The meteorite or comet that struck in the area where Mexico is located in the present is not part of the consequences of the extinctions event. The reason why it is not part of the consequences is that it is the factor that caused the consequences, so it can not be both the thing that caused something and also the consequence of it. This meteorite or comet managed to create such a huge explosion, that it managed to wipe out pretty much all large and medium sized land dwelling animals. And that was not caused only by the explosion itself, but also because it drastically changed the climate with the huge amounts of ashes and dust released into the atmosphere, as well as the triggering of the volcanoes around the world. This mass extinction though opened up the gates for the evolution of the mammals which soon became the dominant animals on the planet.
The Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction resulted in the extinction of large, land-dwelling dinosaurs. It led to the evolution of diverse species and left empty ecological niches to be filled in the future.
Explanation:The Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction was caused by a cataclysmic impact of a large meteorite, or asteroid, off the coast of what is now the Yucatán Peninsula. This impact led to the extinction of nearly every single large, land-dwelling dinosaur. The extinction event resulted in diverse species of animals evolving and ecological niches being left empty but with the potential to be filled. However, meteorites striking the region that Mexico now occupies and clouds of dust and gas billowing into Earth's atmosphere were not direct results of this extinction event.
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Which phrases describe the atmosphere? Check all that apply. protects Earth’s surface contains a mixture of gases and particles includes organisms in the air, on land, and in water consists of rocks, minerals, landforms, and Earth’s interior comprises oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, and groundwater
The correct option(s) are : 1 and 2. Or in letter form (A and B).
I just took this on my cumulative review test!
Good luck to the future people taking this:)
Answer:
Options (1) and (2)
Explanation:
The atmosphere is defined as the gaseous envelope that surrounds the earth. It is comprised of various gases which are found to be present at a certain amount, and this amount can also be increased or decreased depending on the processes and activities that take place on the earth's surface.
The atmosphere is helpful because it protects the lives present on earth from the harmful incoming UV radiations emitted from the sun. It also protects the water present on earth from getting evaporated into the atmosphere.
Thus, the correct answers are options (1) and (2).
during one interval of the game of fetch, a dog ran 27 meters in 9 seconds.
What was the dog's speed for this interval of the trip?
A.
0.3 m/s
B.
3.0 m/s
C.
9.0 m/s
D.
30.0 m/s
The formula for speed is: v=x/t, where v is speed, x is distance, and t is time.
v=27/9
v=3
B) 3 m/s
Hope this helps!!
Final answer:
The dog's speed is calculated using the formula speed = distance/time, which gives us a speed of 3.0 m/s for the interval mentioned.
Explanation:
Speed is calculated as distance divided by time. In this case, the dog ran 27 meters in 9 seconds. Therefore, the speed is 27m / 9s = 3m/s.
To calculate the dog's speed for the interval during which it ran 27 meters in 9 seconds, we use the formula for speed which is speed = distance/time. In this case, the distance is 27 meters and the time is 9 seconds.
Speed = 27 meters / 9 seconds = 3 meters/second
Therefore, the dog’s speed for this interval of the game of fetch is 3.0 m/s, which corresponds to option B.
Which organism is the producer in the following food chain?
Plant>Caterpillar>Lizard>Snake
the answer is plant because it produces it's own food source, and is also provides nourishment for herbivores and other animals.
Answer:
A. Plant
Explanation:
A producer is any organism that serves as a source of food for other organisms in a food chain, such as plants. With the definition of Producer in mind we can then understand that a caterpillar is a consumer and a lizard is a insectivore and/or carnivore and a snake is a carnivore, this leaves a plant as a producer.
Which continent lies almost completely within the temperate zone?
Australia
North America
Antarctica
Africa
I took the class I think it’s Antarctica
Use this portion of a dichotomous key for tree identification to answer the question. 1a. Needlelike leaf ® Step 10 1b. Broad leaf ® Step 2 2a. Compound leaf ® Step 3 2b. Simple leaf ® Step 7 7a. Leaf bases attached opposite each other on branch ® Step 8 7b. Leaf bases attached staggered on branch ® Step 11 8a. Leaves lobed ® Maple 8b. Leaves not lobed ® Step 9 9a. Leaves heart shaped ® Catalpa 9b. Leaves not heart shaped ® Dogwood Which best describes dogwood leaves?
Answer:
(if these are your choices)
A. They are lobed, simple leaves and are attached staggered on the branch.
B. They are not heart shaped and are attached staggered on the branch.
C. They are compound, broad leaves and are attached oppositely on the branch.
D. They are nonlobed, simple leaves and are attached oppositely on the branch.
the correct answer is D.
Explanation:
Answer: D
Explanation:
Which structural characteristic is seen in RNA but not in DNA?
Which structural characteristic is seen in RNA but not in DNA?
Answer:a single strand
Answer:
The correct answer is the difference in the nucleotide constituents.
Explanation:
Both DNA and RNA are the nucleic acid present in the organisms but both show certain structural differences in their nucleotide as followed :
1. Sugar- sugar in RNA is known as ribonucleic acid whereas nucleic acid in DNA lacks OH group at 2' carbon position and is known as de-oxy ribonucleic acid.
2. Nitrogenous base- four types of bases bond with each other namely adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine in DNA similar to RNA but RNA has "uracil" present in their sequence instead of thymine.
Thus, the difference in the nucleotide constituents is the correct answer.
If the mRNA reads AGC, what will be the tRNA anticodon?
Answer:
I believe the answer will be UCG.
Explanation:
When the DNA is translated to RNA, the codon T becomes U, and since A and T go to together normally, U would now go with the A codon. So, I believe the answer is UCG. Sorry if I'm wrong, it's been a little while. :)
Most aquatic organisms can survive only within a specific pH range. An increase in the number of hydrogen ions (H+) in a lake with many aquatic organisms would cause
A.
the acidity of the lake to decrease.
B.
no change in the pH of the lake.
C.
the water in the lake to evaporate.
D.
the acidity of the lake to increase.
Answer:
D. The acidity of the lake to increase
Explanation:
Fun fact: did you know tomatoes are acidic because they have a pH value lower than 7?
Answer:
Option D, the acidity of the lake to increase.
Explanation:
The increase of hydrogen ion in lake water increases the acidity of the lake. The acidity of lake is associated with pH of the water which depends on the hydrogen ions concentration as established by the equation given below –
pH[tex]= - log H^+\\[/tex]
The hydrogen ion concentration is directly proportional to the acidity of the lake water. Thus, higher the H+ ion concentration, the higher will be the acidity of water.
When the blending of traits occur, it is referred to as the principle of_______.
A. Hereditary
B. Complete Dominance
C. Incomplete Dominance
D. Hybridization
C. Incomplete Dominance
Incomplete dominance
Case study: How Do Beacteria Become Resistant? - Answer key
Answer:
when you don't take care of your self by not eating healthy, not exercising, and smoking or any kind if adult-like thing you see
Explanation
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure or prevent infections. The bacteria survive and continue to multiply causing more harm. ... Antibiotics kill or inhibit the growth of susceptible bacteria. hope this helps
18. Substances that absorb light convert it to
Answer
During this reaction, carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen. The reaction requires light energy, which is absorbed by a green substance called chlorophyll. Photosynthesis takes place in leaf cells. These contain chloroplasts, which are tiny objects containing chlorophyll.
Why does the moon rise and set 50 minutes later each night.
Answer:
The Moon rises and sets every day, like the Sun. ... But the Moon is orbiting around the Earth; every day, it moves eastwards (further left from the Sun) by about 12 degrees. This means that it increasingly lags behind the Sun, by about 50 minutes a day. i hope this helps
Explanation:
What was the greatest step toward the discovery of cells?
Discovery of DNA
Cloning
Invention of the microscope
The idea of spontaneous generation
discovering dna was the greatest step in celld3
Invention of Microscope was the greatest step toward the discovery of cells.
Option C
Explanation:
The major step anybody have taken in the cellular studies is the invention of microscope. ''Anton wen Leeuwenhoek'' is the first man who discover a cell with life under the microscope. The first cell which was taken under the vision of microscope in 1674 was of an algae. Microscope is the instrument which helps to see the organism in minute size under the clear lens, this helps the study of the cell easier because of which the tiny cell organelles were easier to study.
Which is a density-independent factor?
A. Food sources
B. Hurricanes
C. Space
D. Shelter
Answer:
B. Hurricanes
B. Hurricanes
That is the answer
a) Why are some molecules polar and others nonpolar? (1 point)
Answer:
some molecules are polar because they have an unbalanced electrical charge because of their bent shape or they don't share electrons equally between their atoms
while other molecules are nonpolar because they have a balanced electrical charge cause they do not have a bent shape and share electrons equally between their atoms.
Explanation:
some are polar while others are nonpolar because of the way their electical charge is arranaged within themselves.
Polar molecules occur when there is an electro negativity difference between the bonded atoms. Non-polar molecules occur when electrons are shared equal between atoms of a diatomic molecule.
What are polar molecules?Polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.
Polarity results from the uneven partial charge distribution between various atoms in a compound. Atoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen, and halogens, that are more electronegative have a tendency to have partial negative charges.
The purpose of a polarity test to ensure that all single pole devices (fuses, switches and circuit breakers) are connected in the phase conductor only.
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16. Which of the following explanations accounts for the
formation of sunspots?
O A. The curvature of magnetic fields near the sun's equator creates
pockets in the photosphere that aren't warmed by convection.
B. Magnetic field reversal causes portions of the sun to die slowly
over time, leaving dark marks.
O C. The movement of plasma is much faster on the poles than on the
sun's equator, and this creates pockets of intense heat.
OD. Volcanic eruptions are sustained by the photosphere, resulting in
hardened lava on the sun's surface.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Due to the inhibition of convection by the magnetic fields, these areas (usually occur in pairs corresponding to the two poles), the hot plasma from the sun’s interior doe not reach the surface of these areas hence creating local regions that are cooler than the rest of the photosphere. This cooler regions appear darker when observed with a telescope and are called sunspots.
so the answer is : B. Magnetic field reversal causes portions of the sun to die slowly over time, leaving dark marks.
Further explanationSunspots are the most prominent features of the sun; medium size spots about the size of the earth. Sunspots form and disappear for days or weeks. Sunspots are the coldest part of the sun and usually appear in pairs. Sunspots occur when a strong magnetic field appears on the sun's surface and causes the area to cool, from 6000 ° C to 4200 ° C; the area appears as a dark spot. The darkest area at the center of the spots is called the umbra; this is where the strongest magnetic field. The less dark areas around the umbra are called the penumbra. Sunspot activity is an 11-year cycle. Sunspots are an indicator of magnetic activity in the sun. Magnetic fields in spots store energy that is thrown in flares. As a result, flares usually appear in cycles that resemble 11-year cycles. Sunspots usually occur in groups (usually as simple pairs) but sometimes in complex arrangements with many complex spots and shapes. This unusual area often produces flares. Space weather forecasters use the complexity and shapes of sunspots to predict flares — the more complex the groups of spots there are, the more likely a flare will occur there.
For more than 300 years, the average number of sunspots regularly varies in an 11-year cycle. Every 11 years, the polarity of the magnetic field in the solar hemisphere changes. So, the complete solar magnetic cycle is 22 years.
Learn More :Sunspots; https://brainly.com/question/1652375,https://brainly.com/question/3095225,https://brainly.com/question/12701363.
DetailsClass: Junior high.
Subject: Biology.
Keywords: Sunspot, magnetic, earth.
20 POINTS! FIRST PERSON WHO ANSWERS THIS WILL GET BRAINLIEST, THANKED, AND 5 STARS!
Select Earthquakes and Major Plates on the World Geology map and observe earthquake activity around the South American plate. Based on your observations, what can you conclude about lithospheric motion of the South American plate with the Nazca plate and the African plate? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER!
Based on my observations, I can conclude that lithospheric motion of the South American plate with the Nazca plate and the African plate causes the earthquakes to engage nearest to volcanic activity causing it to either erupt the volcano, or increase the damage caused by the volcano.
Based on the body structures of these animals, which two conclusions are scientifically sound?
Answer:
either A , D
Explanation:
all for have a vertabrae,although the gorilla and the chimpanzee do show signifacant same structure.
Answer: The correct answers are A and D
Explanation:
Two organism appears to be similar because they share more recent common ancestor. The body structure of the chimpanzee and gorilla appear similar because they share most recent common ancestor.
The organism frog, dog, gorilla and chimpanzee have vertebral column which means that all the four organism share the common vertebral ancestor.
please help me ASAP!!!
i'll give you the brainliest
why are the seminal vesicles important for human reproduction?
A.
They allow the sperm to travel to the urethra to be released.
B.
They produce sperm cells that will fertilize the egg.
C.
They allow the sperm to be stored and help the sperm mature.
D.
They produce the materials needed by the sperm to travel to the egg.
Why are the seminal vesicles important for human reproduction?
This might help:
The seminal vesicles (Latin: glandulae vesiculosae), vesicular glands, or seminal glands, are a pair of simple tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder of some male mammals. Seminal vesicles are located within the pelvis. They secrete fluid that partly composes the semen.
They pass through the prostate, and open into the urethra at the seminal colliculus. During ejaculation, semen passes through the prostate gland, enters the urethra and exits the body via the urinary meatus.
I believe that the answer is:
A.
They allow the sperm to travel to the urethra to be released.
What is the difference between the two cities in July?
The temperature is different. St. Louis is hotter by approximately 10 degrees
The embryo's development as seen here represents which processes in the development of any multicellular organism?
A) meiosis followed by mitosis.
B) mitosis and cell differentiation.
C) meiosis and cell differentiation.
D) protein synthesis followed by meiosis.
Answer:
B) mitosis and cell differentiation.
Explanation:
Embryonic development of a multicellular organism has several stages.
In principle, cell multiplication occurs through the mitosis process in which each cell produces two identical daughter cells, in this phase the number of cells that make up the embryo is gradually increased.
The next phase corresponds to the cell differentiation in which by means of modifications in the gene expression, the cells acquire the morphology and the functions of a specific cell type and different from the rest of cell types of the organism
Energy is measured in
Answer:
It is measured in Joule
Explanation:
Energy Units and Conversions. 1 Joule (J) is the MKS unit of energy, equal to the force of one Newton acting through one meter. 1 Watt is the power from a current of 1 Ampere flowing through 1 Volt. 1 kilowatt-hour is the energy of one kilowatt power flowing for one hour.
I hope this helps! Please mark me brainliest!
what structures inside plant cells help with photosynthesis?
Answer:
Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts; cell walls allow plants to have strong, upright structures; and vacuoles help regulate how cells handle water and storage of other molecules.
Final answer:
Chloroplasts, with their chlorophyll and other pigments arranged in an antenna complex, are the main structures that facilitate photosynthesis in plant cells. The process also involves the stomata for gas exchange and the mesophyll layer which houses the chloroplasts.
Explanation:
The structures inside plant cells that help with photosynthesis are called chloroplasts. These chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for the green color of plants, and are the sites where photosynthesis occurs. Chloroplasts consist of a double membrane enclosing an inner fluid called the stroma, which contains coin-like thylakoids stacked in grana. The thylakoids have a specialized membrane that embeds the chlorophyll and accessory pigments, organized in an antenna complex that captures solar energy and transfers it to a reaction center. Additionally, the process of photosynthesis in leaves involves cellular structures such as stomata regulated by guard cells for gas exchange, and the mesophyll layer where the chloroplasts are largely located.
Choose all the answers that apply.
The sun _____.
is the only star in our solar system
is the largest star in the Milky Way galaxy
is made mostly of hydrogen and helium
will continue to release light and heat forever
has a solid core made of iron and nickel
C is the correct answer. > is made mostly of hydrogen and helium
VY Canis Majoris is the largest star in the galaxy, not the Sun.We know the Sun will eventually die, it will not emit light and heat forever.The matter at the Sun's core is plasma, not nickel or iron.Answer:
B, C
Explanation:
B,C
Can someone please help I promise to mark brainlest!!!
Answer:
the 2nd one
Explanation:
Answer: you answer is b sorry if wrong home dog
Drag each tile to the correct location
Anne, an intern in a microbiology lab, was observing the characteristics of various specimens of protists Match each specimen to the category of
protist to which it belongs
Answer:
Top two images are animal-like and bottom two images are plant-like
Explanation:
Paramecium and Amoeba are animal-like protists. They are unicellular eukaryotes.
Diatoms and brown seaweed are plant-like protists. They are producers of the aquatic ecosystem.
Answer:
Top left animal
Top right animal
Bottom left plant
Bottom right plant
Explanation:
Which structures pump the blood from the heart?
ventricles
atria
arteries
veins
Ventricles pump the blood outa heart...
Left ventricle pumps it through aorta to organs
And right ventricle pumps it to lungs to get oxygen
Answer:
Answer: A ventricles
Explanation:
:)
why do some researchers prefer to use embryonic stem cells in medical research
Answer:
Cell therapies would use stem cells, or cells grown from stem cells, to replace or rejuvenate damaged tissue. Scientists also want to use stem cells to understand disease and find drugs that might treat it. Embryonic stem cells could be used to make more specialized tissues that have been lost to disease and injury.
Researcher's preference for embryonic stem cells is attributed to their totipotency and capacity to differentiate into any cell type, which is key in medical research and therapy development. Cloning techniques can create tissue matches to avoid transplant rejection. Nevertheless, ethical issues arise from the destruction of embryos in the process.
Researchers prefer to use embryonic stem cells in medical research due to their unique characteristics. These stem cells are totipotent, which means they have the potential to develop into any type of cell in the body, leading to significant medical applications such as the study of human embryonic development and the creation of therapies for replacing damaged tissue. Cloning techniques that employ embryonic stem cells may also enable the growth of tissue matching the donor DNA exactly, eliminating issues of tissue rejection in transplants.
Moreover, they can be grown in culture, allowing researchers to harvest and amplify these cells. Significant progress has been made in the field; for example, scientists like Freda Miller and Elaine Fuchs discovered stem cells in skin that assist in its repair, potentially aiding treatments for skin diseases and nerve damage. However, this field is accompanied by ethical concerns due to the destruction of embryos during cell harvesting, leading to moral, religious, and philosophical objections.