What does metabolic rate mean?

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The unit “GtC” is used throughout the lab and stands for gigatonnes of carbon. In this, one GtC is equal to one trillion kilograms of carbon. Thus, the correct option is D.

Unit conversion is a multi-step process which involves multiplication or division of a number by a numerical factor. There are different ways to measure the weight, distance, and temperature of a substance. In several countries, distance is measured in kilometers, weight in kilograms, and temperature is measured in units of celsius.

In order to have accuracy and avoid confusion in the measurements, we need to convert one unit to another unit. For instance, we do not measure the length of a pencil in the kilometers. In such a case, one has to convert the unit from kilometer (km) to centimeter (cm).

1 GtC = 1 billion tonnes

1 billion tonnes = 1 trillion kilograms

1 GtC = 1 trillion kilograms

Therefore, the correct option is D.

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Final answer:

A population's dependence on an abiotic factor is illustrated by how non-living environmental elements like temperature and water influence the living organisms of an area. Ecologists use tools like demography to understand population dynamics and the balance of ecosystems. Abiotic factors are central to defining the characteristics and inhabitants of a biome.

Explanation:

Describing a population depending on an abiotic factor involves understanding how non-living elements of the environment, such as temperature, water, and sunlight, affect the organisms living within a particular area. A key example is how the amount of rainfall and temperature can influence soil quality, which in turn affects the types of plants that can thrive in an ecosystem. This subsequently determines the types of animals that inhabit the area since they depend on the plants for food, shelter, and breeding grounds.

To study these interactions, ecologists apply statistical tools like demography. They explore how population dynamics are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors, which includes analyzing how various reproductive strategies impact the long-term viability of a population. This multi-faceted approach helps ecologists understand the complex web of dependencies in natural ecosystems.

The interplay between abiotic factors and biotic components defines the structure and character of a biome. For instance, in aquatic ecosystems, abiotic factors such as salinity, light penetration, and water temperature are crucial in determining which species can survive and flourish. All these components form the intricate mosaic of interactions that dictate life in various habitats.

Answer:

B) Pacific Plate and Indian-Australian Plate

Explanation:

In convergent boundaries, one of the involved plates sinks under the other plate in a process known as subduction. The correct option is B.  Pacific Plate and Indian-Australian Plate.

There are three types of plate boundaries according to the interaction between plates.

Plate boundaries can be either Convergent, divergent, transforming

An example of a convergent boundary is the union between the Pacific Plate and Indian-Australian Plate.

The Pacific plate is subducting under the Indian-Australian Plate since it is the oldest and thickest one.

These movements originated the Kermadec Trench and the Tonga and Kermadec island arcs.

The correct option is B) Pacific Plate and Indian-Australian Plate.

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Answer:

Island archipelagos are called island group is a chain or cluster or collection of islands.

Explanation:

Archipelago is derived from  Greek Word that means chief sea.

It is isolate and contain large amount of water or  large land mass

Ex-Scotland has 700 islands that is surrounding the mainland which form an archipelago.

Answer:

When two oceanic plates converge, one of the plates sinks underneath the other and forms a deep depression called ocean trench. The plate sinks further down into the mantle and begins to melt. The molten rock (magma) rises toward the surface from the melting plate forming a chain of volcanic islands (island arcs) behind the ocean trench.

Explanation:

The Earth's crust is divided into several hard and rigid tectonic plates that slide over the mantle. Tectonic plates can interact in three different ways: converge (move toward one another), diverge (move away from one another) or transform (slide past one another). The plate margins are the boundaries where plates meet and they are of three kinds: oceanic-oceanic, continental-continental, and continental-oceanic.

When two oceanic plates converge, one of the plates sinks underneath the other and forms a deep depression called ocean trench. The plate sinks further down into the mantle and begins to melt. The molten rock (magma) rises toward the surface from the melting plate forming a chain of volcanic islands (island arcs) behind the ocean trench.

An island arc comprises a curving series or group of volcanic islands that form near the convergent boundary of two tectonic plates. They are formed from the volcanic activity along a subduction zone, where one oceanic tectonic plate subducts (one plate sinks under another plate into the mantle of the Earth) another oceanic plate. This movement pushes the lower plate further deeper to a point where the temperature is sufficient to melt the subducted plate and results in the production of magma directly below the top tectonic plate. This magma then rises through fractures and reaches the upper crust and forms volcanoes which eventually rise high enough to become islands. The islands of Japan, the Aleutian Islands, etc are examples of island arcs.

When two continental plates converge, they collide and compress to create complex mountain ranges having great height. The Himalayas formed by the collision of the Indian-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate is an example.

During the convergence of continental and oceanic plates, the denser oceanic plate sinks below the continental plate and a chain of volcanoes known as a volcanic arc are formed. The examples of volcanic arcs are the Cascade Mountains of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America.

Before the three-dimensional structure of DNA was discovered, scientists knew that DNA contained nitrogenous bases. The table below shows the percentages of the nitrogenous bases in a DNA sample. Which rule can be used to determine the percentages of the missing nitrogenous bases? Complete the table AND explain your answer.

Base Percent Adenine 23 Thymine ___ Cytosine 27 Guanine ____

Chargaaf's rule can be used to find out missing percentages. Thymine will be 23% and Guanine will be 27%.

Chargaaf was a very popular scientist who worked on the DNA even before Watson and Creek discovered the DNA structure. Its even very evident that because of Chargaaf's rules, Watson and Creek were able to formulate their structure of DNA.

One of the rules of Chargaaf said that the ratio of purines to pyrimidines in a DNA is always 1:1. That means the summation of adenine and guanine is to thymine and cytosine will be 1:1. This is actually because adenine is complementary to thymine and guanine to cytosine.

Thus in the given DNA chart, adenine is 23%. So, thymine will also be 23%. Its given that cytosine is 27%. So, guanine will also be 27%. The answer can be checked as the summation of all the numbers give a total of 100%.

Answer:Down syndrome

Explanation:

Numerical disorders occur when there is a change in the number of chromosomes (more or fewer than 46). Examples of numerical disorders include trisomy, monosomy and triploidy. Probably one of the most well-known numerical disorders is Down syndrome (trisomy 21)

Answer

During osmosis, solvent particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. When there is higher concentration of solvent particles inside the cell, most solvent particles will move out of the cell and the cell will shrink. When there is higher concentration of solvent particles outside the cell, most solvent particles will move in the cell and the cell will become turgid.

Explanation:

Osmosis can be described as the process  by which water molecules move along a concentration gradient form an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. When water molecules move out of the cell, the cell will shrink. When the water molecules move inside the cell, the cell will gown and become turgid. Osmosis is a kind of passive transport.

Answer:

Multicellular or unicellular.

Explanation:

Some animals can be multicellular or unicellular. some animals are made up if cells that do not have cell walls too.

Answer:

All animals are multicellular organisms.

All animals are heterotrophic.

Explanation:

All animals are multicellular because their bodies are made up of more than one cell.

All animals are heterotrophic because they get food and energy by consuming plants and animals.

Underground mining is cost effective and consumes more time and energy than surface mining for mining coal from the underground.

Destruction and damages of land surfaces are caused due to underground mining that changes the form and topography of the land.

More possibilities for fatal accidents, flooding from groundwater or sea water, methane gas explosions, failure of air ventilation machines are there in underground mining, compared to Surface mining.

Underground mining requires proper ventilation and insecure to workers than surface mining.

Answer:

Surface miners work aboveground in the open air.

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer to this question should be the first option. A process that selects variations that help with survival and that spreads the variations to more offspring

Answer:

The correct answer is a process that selects variations that help with survival and that spreads the variations to more offspring.

Explanation:

Natural selection is a phenomenon proposed by Charles Darwin 140 years ago. From its definition the theory of evolution is born.

This process occurs between entities with variation, inheritance and multiplication and the different evolutionary formations that give way to new species through survival and reproduction.

In summary, natural selection is the process of formation of living beings so that they can survive and develop.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Answer:

B

releases energy that plants can use for life processes.

Explanation:

it is correct on study island

Answer:

Activities like cell division, photosynthesis, active transport, transmission of nerve impulses etc. needs energy.

Explanation:

A diagram that shows the energy in each trophic level of an ecosystem is called an ecological pyramid, hence option A is correct.

The ecological pyramid is the diagram that states the amount of energy within each tropic level of the ecosystem in a food chain and food web.

It defines as the interaction of the energy between the organism and the presence of the energy and matter within them. At the base of this pyramid producer is placed and at the top of the pyramid tertiary consumer is placed.

The energy flow follows the 10% rule through which energy is get reduced by 10 at each tropic level from the Sun to the consumers, if the producer has 10,000 kcal energy, the primary consumer has only 10,00 kcal energy.

Therefore, an ecological pyramid is a diagram that shows the energy.

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Answer:

Gametogenesis is the process where a haploid cell is formed from diploid cell. Gametogenesis in male is called Spermatogenesis and gametogenesis in female is called as Oogenesis

Explanation:

⇒The process through which mature sperm or spermatozoa is produced is called as Spermatogenesis and the process through which mature ova or egg is formed is called as Oogenesis.

⇒Spermatogenesis takes approximately 70 days whereas Oogenesis begins prior to birth that is during the foetus period.

⇒Spermatogenesis contain different stages like- Primay spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid and spermatozoa whereas, Oogenesis contain Primary oocyte, Secondary oocyte &first polar body, mature ovum and second polar body.

Farming increased the availability of food for humans is NOT a reason farming has hurt the environment.

Explanation:

Farming requires the tillage of land and therefore loosens the soil such that it is easily carried by agents of soil erosion – like wind and water.

In addition, most farming methods practice monoculture hence reducing the biodiversity of ecosystems in the region. Poor biodiversity leads to loss of species and low capacity to adapt to environmental changes/.

Farming also requires water to water the plants. This water is usually sourced from freshwater bodies like rivers and lakes. Often, this water is overdrawn leading to depletion of water to the environment denying other species their share of water.

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Answer:the first on is a convergent boundary and the second also looks like a convergent boundary

Explanation:

Answer:

serving as a barrier.

Explanation:

Final answer:

Cells are classified based on whether they have a membrane-bound nucleus into prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in Biology.

Explanation:

The subject of this question is Biology. The student is asking about the classification of cells based on whether they contain membrane-bound nuclei.

Based on whether they have a nucleus, there are two basic types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do have a membrane-bound nucleus.

For example, animal cells, plant cells, fungal cells, and protist cells are classified as eukaryotic cells, while bacterial cells are classified as prokaryotic cells.

Final answer:

To quantitatively observe [tex]CO_2[/tex] collected in balloons, the student can measure the balloon circumference, use a gas pressure sensor, employ a water displacement technique, or weigh the setup to determine mass loss due to gas production.

Explanation:

To make quantitative observations of the [tex]CO_2[/tex] collected in the balloons in an experiment where yeast is provided with different amounts of sugar, the student could use several methods:

Remember that the student should ensure that other variables are controlled so that differences in  [tex]CO_2[/tex] production are due to the amount of sugar provided and not other factors.

The given scenario illustrates  An emergent property.

Explanation:

A property that explains about the functioning of any system as a whole is an emergent property. The units of that individual system will not work to give the functionality of the entire system. Fallacy of division occurs when there is a failure in the realization of this emergent property.

For instance let us take an ant colony. Ant as a single organism will not be able to attain certain works. While when they join to form a colony they together can accomplish complex and tedious tasks. Hence, in human body also cells of heart acts as an example of an emergent property as they together can accomplish the function.

Answer:

antibiotics tend to reduce/stop pain for a while but the bacteria/ virus may eventually be resistant to it

Explanation:

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The table shows the changes in velocity for several different cars. Each change takes place over a 10-second interval. Which cars are either

speeding up or slowing down?

Starting Velocity

Ending Velocity

Car A

30 km/h

30 km/h

Car B

O km/h

20 km/h

Car C

30 km/h

O km/h

Car D

O km/h

O km/h

Car E

20 km/h

30 km/h.

Acceleration is present in car B and E.

Deceleration is present in car C.

No change in velocity is seen in car A and D.

Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity with time and is having a dimensional formula of [tex]distance /time ^2[/tex]

When a body is having acceleration, the body has more final velocity than initial velocity. Deceleration is the opposite of acceleration which is seen when the body has less final velocity than initial velocity.

In A:

Initial velocity= 30 km/hr.

Final velocity= 30 km/hr.

So change in velocity = 30-30 km/hr = 0 km/hr.

So no acceleration is present.

In B:

Initial velocity= 0 km/hr.

Final velocity= 20 km/hr.

So change in velocity = 20-0 km/hr = 20 km/hr.

So acceleration is present.

In C:

Initial velocity= 20 km/hr.

Final velocity= 0 km/hr.

So change in velocity = 0-20 km/hr = -20 km/hr.

So deceleration is present.

In D:

Initial velocity= 0 km/hr.

Final velocity= 0 km/hr.

So change in velocity = 0-0 km/hr = 0 km/hr.

So no acceleration is present.

In E:

Initial velocity= 20 km/hr.

Final velocity= 30 km/hr.

So change in velocity = 30-20 km/hr = 10 km/hr.

So acceleration is present.

Answer:

B, C, E are the right answers

Explanation:

I got this question on a test and got these as the right answers

Light-colored lizards in New Mexico's white sands region likely have evolved camouflage coloration to avoid predators, a process driven by natural selection that favors lizards whose coloration blends into their environment.

The presence of light-colored lizards in the white sands region of New Mexico while darker lizards populate surrounding areas can likely be explained through the concept of camouflage as an adaptive feature for survival. These lizards have likely evolved coloration that allows them to blend into their specific environments to avoid predation. In regions with white sands, lighter coloration makes the lizards less visible to predators, enhancing their chances of survival. On the other hand, darker lizards in areas with darker soils and rocks would similarly benefit from a coloration that blends in with their surroundings, as their coloration also acts as camouflage. This adaptation process is driven by natural selection, where individuals that are better able to avoid predators because of their coloration are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Sea urchin embryo requires temperature of 23 degrees to cleave, in lower temperatures the embryo cleavage slows down.

Explanation:

Although the sea urchins live in sea water in cold temperature, they require a temperature of around 23 degrees to cleave for fertilisation if this temperature is reduced the process of cleavage slows down eventually depleting the urchin population.

Temperature affects urchin survival through its influence on metabolic processes and how body size affects heat retention and loss. They must inhabit an environment that maintains their body within a temperature range supporting their metabolism.

The relationship between temperature and urchin survival relates closely to the physiology of the urchins and the role temperature plays in their metabolic processes. Temperature exerts an important influence on living things, including urchins, because from a metabolic standpoint, few organisms can survive at extreme temperatures. Enzymes within these organisms, crucial for metabolic processes, operate efficiently within a specifically narrow temperature range and can degrade at higher temperatures. More geographically, temperature also varies by latitude and body size also plays a key role in urchins as it affects heat retention and loss. Smaller organisms often lose heat at a faster rate because they have a greater surface area relative to their mass.

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Answer: 1) The answer is no, because we don't create energy,  2) In plants, it's produced in the chloroplasts of plant leaves during the chemical process photosynthesis.,  3)  6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.,   4) I don't know

Explanation: For answers one and four it's easier with a picture of the experiment you did, so they may not be right.

Answer:

The correct option is -2.

Explanation:

Oxygen atom will have two electrons in its first shell and six electrons in its outermost, valence shell. To become stable, an oxygen atom will need to gain two electrons so that it has 8 electrons in its outermost, valence shell. When oxygen will gain two electrons from another atom, it will get a charge of -2. This is because it has acquired two more negative charged electrons. Hence, the correct option is -2.

Answer:

-2

Explanation:

Chargaff's rule will be applied to know the percentage of missing bases.

The table is filled and shown in attachment.

Explanation:

According to the Chargaff's rule, the base pairs of pyrimidine and purine should have the ratio of 1:1.

It is based on the principle that Guanine bonds with Cytosine should be in equal concentration while Adenine bonds with thymine should be in equal concentration. Chargaff rule applies to the DNA only.

Final answer:

Chargaff's rules can be used to determine the percentages of the missing nitrogenous bases in DNA. According to these rules, the concentration of adenine is always about the same as the concentration of thymine, and the same is true for guanine and cytosine. If the percentage of thymine is known, the percentages of adenine, guanine, and cytosine can be calculated accordingly.

Explanation:

Chargaff's rules can be used to determine the percentages of the missing nitrogenous bases in the DNA sample. According to Chargaff's rules, within each species, the concentration of adenine (A) is always about the same as the concentration of thymine (T), and the same is true for the concentrations of guanine (G) and cytosine (C). Therefore, in the given DNA sample, since the percentage of thymine is 22%, the percentage of adenine will also be 22%. Additionally, since adenine and thymine always pair up, the sum of their percentages will be 44%. Similarly, the sum of the percentages of guanine and cytosine will also be 44%, and since the percentages of all the nitrogenous bases should add up to 100%, the percentages of guanine and cytosine will be 56%/2, which is 28% each.

Answer:

The correct answer is "yes it satisfies the definition of the scientific law"

Explanation:

The scientific theory states the verified explanation of the natural world. This things or the experiments can be determined by repeatedly testing by the given scientific methods. The cell theory also meets the definition of the very known scientific theory as it has also helped in determining it by various experiments as well as the observations. The cell can be studied under the microscope by the basic staining procedures that has already been mentioned in the theory.

Answer:

Cell theory meets the definition of a theory because it has been tested over a long period of time, and scientists have plenty of evidence to support this theory. However, it doesn’t seem to meet the criterion of a scientific law. Scientists only know about life on this planet, so the theory may not be universal if life is found on other planets. In addition, scientists don’t have much data on the earliest forms of life on Earth.

Explanation:

Answer:

Through "Compound microscope" cells were first observed.

Explanation:

Robert Hooke used compound microscope to detect the cork cell which laid to the basis for detection of the cell in 1665. The microscope was planned by him to detect a part of cork where he visualized tiny elements fixed combinedly and he called those elements as “cell”. He didn’t realize a little organelles within the cell as he detected the lifeless plant cell with cell walls which look like minor chamber. The compound microscope is used to assess the magnified pictures of the model existing in the glass slide and the magnification power used by Robert Hooke is 50X. The tests and explanations ended using numerous lenses were logged in his book called "Micrographia" or some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies completed by Magnifying Glasses with Explanations and Inquiries Thereupon. "The cell is the structural and functional unit of an organism where plants and animal cells contain different cellular organelles with specific function."

Compound microscope was first used to observe cells.

Explanation:

In 1965, Robert Hooke observed a slice of cork under a compound microscope and saw the compartments in it. He named these compartments as cell.

The compound microscope has a high magnification power. It uses two convex lenses of short focal length. These lenses are objective lenses and eyepiece. It has resolution of 10X, 40X to obtain a magnified image of tiny entities like cell.

Answer:

tell the teacher right away!!

Answer:

using hands CAREFULLY pick up broken pieces

tell teacher right away