What can you tell by tracking oxidation numbers?

Answer:

449.1 g

Explanation:

The second law of thermodynamics states that heat flows from hotter objects to colder ones. Assuming that [tex]Q_1 = 150,000 J[/tex] is the heat given off by a substance in order to melt the ice, we also need to introduce the equation representing the melting of ice:

[tex]Q_2 = \Delta H^o_{fus} m_{ice}[/tex]

Since energy is conserved, the heat given off should be equal to the heat gained:

[tex]Q_1 = Q_2[/tex]

So that the equation becomes:

[tex]\Delta H^o_{fus} m_{ice} = Q_1[/tex]

The enthalpy of fusion of ice is equal to:

[tex]\Delta H^o_{fus} = 334 J/g[/tex]

From here, rearrange the equation for the mass of ice:

[tex]m_{ice} = \frac{Q_1}{\Delta H^o_{fus}} = \frac{150,000 J}{334 J/g} = 449.1 g[/tex]

Answer:

148x +7856y

Explanation:

The element XCI represented in Roman numerals corresponds to the atomic number of Protactinium. However, ΧΗ does not correspond to any known element in the periodic table.

The elements you've mentioned, X and ΧΗ, do not correspond to any known chemical elements in the periodic table. Chemical elements are typically represented by their chemical symbols, which are one or two letters derived from their English or Latin names. For example, "H" represents hydrogen, "O" represents oxygen, "C" represents carbon, and "Fe" represents iron.

It's possible that the symbols "X" and "ΧΗ" do not correspond to any naturally occurring elements or may not be recognized in the context of the periodic table. If you have more information or context regarding these symbols, please provide it, and I will do my best to assist you further.

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To calculate the number of litres of ammonia produced when 28.0 grams of nitrogen is consumed, we can use stoichiometry and the ideal gas law at STP. We find that approximately 44.77 litres of ammonia are produced.

To calculate the number of litres of ammonia produced, we need to use stoichiometry and the molar mass of nitrogen. The balanced equation for the reaction is:

N2 + 3H2 --  2NH3

From the equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of nitrogen, 2 moles of ammonia are produced. We can use the molar mass of nitrogen to convert grams to moles:

= 28.0 g × (1 mole N₂/28.01 g)

= 0.9996 moles N₂

Since the ratio is 1:2, we can calculate the moles of ammonia produced:

0.9996 moles × (2 moles NH₃/1 mole )

= 1.9992 moles NH₃

Finally, we can use the ideal gas law to convert moles of ammonia to liters at STP:

= 1.9992 moles × (22.4 L/1 mole)

= 44.77 L

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The volume of ammonia produced from 28.0 grams of nitrogen, first convert the nitrogen mass to moles, then use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation and the ideal gas law to find that 44.8 liters of ammonia are produced.

The amount of ammonia are produced when 28.0 grams of nitrogen is completely consumed, we need to use stoichiometry and the ideal gas law. The balanced chemical equation for the formation of ammonia (NH₃) from nitrogen (N₂) and hydrogen (H₂) is: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g)

First, convert the mass of nitrogen (N₂) to moles: Molar mass of N₂ = 28.0 g/mol

28.0 g N₂ × (1 mol N2 / 28.0 g N₂) = 1 mol N₂

According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of N₂ produces 2 moles of NH₃.

Therefore, 1 mol N₂ will produce: 2 mol NH₃

At standard temperature and pressure (STP), 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters.

Thus: 2 mol NH₃ × 22.4 L/mol = 44.8 liters of NH₃

Therefore, 44.8 liters of ammonia are produced when 28.0 grams of nitrogen are completely consumed.

Answer:

20.0 mol

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation is already given for this process. According to the corrected balanced chemical equation, carbon dioxide reacts with 2 moles of lithium hydroxide to produce 1 mole of lithium carbonate and 1 mole of water:

[tex]2 LiOH(aq)+CO2 (g)\rightarrow Li_2CO_3 (aq)+H_2O (l)[/tex]

Notice that the problem states that 20.0 mol of carbon dioxide react completely. This implies that carbon dioxide is the limiting reactant. According to the balanced chemical equation, 1 mole of carbon dioxide produces 1 mole of lithium carbonate (pay close attention to the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation).

This means if we have 20.0 mol of carbon dioxide, we can produce a maximum of 20.0 mol of lithium carbonate.

Final answer:

Twenty moles of CO₂ react with lithium hydroxide to produce twenty moles of lithium carbonate, provided there is excess LiOH.

Explanation:

Reaction of CO₂ with LiOH

When carbon dioxide (CO₂) reacts with lithium hydroxide (LiOH), lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) is produced along with water (H₂O). According to the balanced chemical equation CO₂(g) + 2LiOH(s) → Li₂CO₃(s) + H₂O(l), one mole of carbon dioxide reacts with two moles of lithium hydroxide to produce one mole of lithium carbonate. Therefore, for the complete reaction of 20.0 moles of CO₂, a total of 20.0 moles of lithium carbonate would be formed, assuming that there is excess LiOH present.

When atoms gain electrons they have more electrons, so they increase their size due to the energy levels, orbitals, etc. Those are the atoms that form negative ions. (Non Metals)

When atoms loose electrons and form positive ions they loose components and energy levels. Therefore they decrease their size.

The only one here who forms negative ions is Bromine (Br) that forms Bromide (Br-1)

So it will be answer B) Br

Sodium forms a variety of compounds with different anions, including Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Sodium Oxalate (Na₂C₂O4), Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4), and Sodium Phosphate (Na3PO4) among others, always ensuring charge neutrality.

Sodium, being in the first group of the periodic table, forms a +1 cation. It can combine with other ions to form a variety of compounds, remaining electrically neutral in all cases. For instance, with the chloride ion (Cl-) which is a monatomic anion, sodium forms Sodium Chloride, NaCl. Another combination is with the polyatomic ion Oxalate (C2O4²-), forming Sodium Oxalate or Na₂C₂O4, taking into account that the ratio of Na+ to C2O4²- is 2:1 to ensure neutrality. It's important to mention that while the empirical formula (NaCO2) simplifies this ratio, the accepted formula for sodium oxalate is Na₂C₂O4 which accurately represents the compound's polyatomic anion.

Sodium can also form compounds with other polyatomic ions, such as sulfate (SO4²-), forming Sodium Sulfate, or Na2SO4. Another example is sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), where three sodium ions combine with one phosphate ion (PO4³-) to maintain charge neutrality.

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Heat from the Earth's core and radiation from the Sun is transferred to the surface of the Earth by conduction. Contact of the atmosphere with these warm surfaces transfers thermal energy, which then heats up the rest of the air through convection

Earth is heated through radiation, which involves the absorption of solar energy by the Earth's surface and its re-emission as infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of this infrared radiation, keeping the Earth warm.

How Earth is Heated through Radiation:

The Earth is primarily heated through the process of radiation, which is the transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. This energy comes from the Sun, which emits solar radiation due to nuclear fusion reactions occurring in its core. As this solar radiation travels through space, it reaches Earth where it is absorbed by the surface, warming it. The Earth's surface then re-radiates this energy as infrared radiation, a form of thermal energy.

While some of the infrared radiation escapes into space, a significant portion is trapped by greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane present in the Earth' surfaces.

Earth maintains a balance of temperature by radiating back into space an equivalent amount of energy that it receives from the sun. However, this balance can be affected by the concentration of greenhouse gases, which can enhance the warming effect and cause climate change.

Answer:

The order would be: X-Rays, Visible Light, and Infrared Waves.

X-Rays have the shortest wavelength out of all three, then Visible Light, and Infrared Waves have the longest wavelength of the three.

Explanation:

So basically, the LONGER the wavelength, the lower the energy. and the SHORTER the wavelength, the higher the energy. For example, Radio waves are the WEAKEST out of all the types of waves because they have the LONGEST wavelengths. Gamma Rays are the STRONGEST out of all the types of waves because they have the SHORTEST wavelengths. So Radio Waves have the lowest energy, and Gamma Rays have the highest energy.

Here is a list of all the types of waves in order from shortest wavelength to longest wavelengths:

Gamma Rays (Shortest Wavelengths, High Energy), then X-Rays would be the second strongest, then Ultraviolet waves, then Visible Light, then Infrared waves, then Microwaves, and lastly Radio Waves (Longest Wavelengths, Low Energy).

Answer:

X rays < red visible < infrared  

Explanation:

According to your picture, gamma rays have the shortest wavelength and radio waves have the longest.

Thus. the order of wavelengths is

X rays < red visible < infrared

Answer:

15500

Explanation:

1 kg = 1000000

so, 0.0155 kg × 1000000

To convert 0.0155 kilograms to milligrams, we multiply by 1,000,000, giving us 15500 milligrams.

To convert kilograms (kg) to milligrams (mg), we need to know the relationship between these units. There are 1,000,000 milligrams in a kilogram, so you can convert kg to mg by multiplying the number of kilograms by 1,000,000.

In your particular case, you want to convert 0.0155 kg to mg. So, you would perform the following operation:

0.0155 kg * 1,000,000 = 15500 mg

So, 0.0155 kg is equivalent to 15500 mg.

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a.) Plants that thrive in the shade are often able to hold on to sunlight for extensive periods of time; they're in a sense like the camels of the plaNt WoRld.

b.) Though artificial lights are not nearly as beneficial as the sun, one could invest in one of them plant growing light thingies, but sun-loving plants might be sad if u do this instead of letting them soak in ePic rays from the sun.

Answer:

alloy is  metal made by combining two or more metallic elements, especially to give greater strength or resistance to corrosion.nation:

Explanation:

a combination of a metal with another element

Answer:

Explanation:

Data Given:

volume of SO₂ = 48.6 L

mass of H₂SO₄ = 200 g

balance equation = ?

theoretical yield = ?

percent yield = ?

Solution:

Part 1:

first we have to write a balance equation for the reaction

SO₂ gas react with water (H₂O) and excess oxygen

The balanced equation is as under

                       2SO₂ +  O₂ + 2H₂O  -----------> 2H₂SO₄

Part 2:

Now we have to find theoretical yield

First look at the balance reaction

                        2SO₂ +  O₂ + 2H₂O  -----------> 2H₂SO₄

                        2 mol                                         2 mol

2 moles of SO₂ give gives 2 moles of H₂SO₄

Now calculate volume of 2 moles of SO₂ and mass of 2 moles of H₂SO₄

volume of 2 moles of SO₂

Formula used

                 volume of gas = no. of moles x molar volume . . . . . . (1)

molar volume of SO₂= 22.4 L/mol

Put values in above formula (1)

                 volume of gas = 2 mol x 22.4 L/mol

                 volume of gas = 44.8 L

volume of 2 mole of SO₂ = 44.8 L

Now,

Find mass of 2 mole H₂SO₄

Formula Used

            mass in grams = no. of moles x molar mass . . . . . . . (2)

molar mass of H₂SO₄ = 2 (1) + 32 + 4(16)

molar mass of H₂SO₄ = 98 g/mol

put values in equation 2

        mass in grams = 2 mol x 98 g/mol

        mass in grams = 196 g

mass of 2 mole of H₂SO₄ = 196 g

** So,

Now we come to know that

44.8 L of SO₂ gives 196 g of H₂SO₄ then how many grams of the H₂SO₄ will be produced by 48.6 L of SO₂

Apply unity Formula

               44.8 L of SO₂ ≅ 196 g of H₂SO₄

               48.6 L of SO₂ ≅ X g of H₂SO₄

Do cross multiplication

                g of H₂SO₄  = 196 g x 48.6 L / 44.8 L

                g of H₂SO₄  =  213 g

So that is why the theoretical yield of H₂SO₄ is 213 g

Theoretical yield of H₂SO₄ = 213 g

Part 3

Calculate Percent Yield:

Formula used for this purpose:

             percent yield = actual yield /theoretical yield x 100 %

Put value in the above formula

           percent yield = 200 g/ 213 g x 100 %

          percent yield = 94 %    

So percent yield of H₂SO₄ = 94 %    

Answer:

₈₆²²²Rn    →   ₈₄Po²¹⁸  +  H₂⁴

Explanation:

The given nuclear reaction shows alpha decay.

₈₆²²²Rn    →   ₈₄Po²¹⁸  +  H₂⁴

Properties of alpha radiations:

Alpha radiations are emitted as a result of radioactive decay. The atom emit the alpha particles consist of two proton and two neutrons. Which is also called helium nuclei. When atom undergoes the alpha emission the original atom convert into the atom having mass number less than 4  and atomic number less than 2 as compared to parent atom the starting atom.

Alpha radiations can travel in a short distance.

These radiations can not penetrate into the skin or clothes.

These radiations can be harmful for the human if these are inhaled.

These radiations can be stopped by a piece of paper.

₉₂U²³⁸   →   ₉₀Th²³⁴  + ₂He⁴  + energy

Final answer:

The radioactive decay of radon-222 emits an alpha particle, resulting in the formation of polonium-218. This process can be represented by the nuclear equation 222Rn → 4He + 218Po.

Explanation:

The question refers to the radioactive decay of radon-222. In this decay process, radon-222 emits an alpha particle (42He) and transforms into a different element. An alpha particle consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, which is why it's represented as 42He. The nuclear equation for this decay can be written as follows:

22286Rn → 42He + 21884Po

To balance the equation, you subtract the mass number and the atomic number of the alpha particle from those of the original radon-222 nucleus. This leaves us with an element that has an atomic number of 84 and a mass number of 218, which is polonium (Po). Therefore, the complete nuclear equation is:

222Rn → 4He + 218Po

Answer:

The mass of solid with density 14.2 g/cm3 and volume 350 cm3 is 4.97 Kg.

Explanation:

Formula for density is given below :

[tex]density = \frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]

[tex]volume = 350 cm^{3}[/tex]

[tex]density = 14.2 g/cm^{3}[/tex]

Insert the values in the formula

[tex]14.2 = \frac{mass}{350}[/tex]

on cross multiplication :

[tex]mass = density\times volume[/tex]

[tex]mass = 14.2\times 350[/tex]

[tex]mass = 4970 g[/tex]

1 g = 0.001 Kg

[tex]mass =4970\times 0.001 Kg[/tex]

mass = 4.97 Kg

Note : Check the units of volume and density carefully

Answer:

Every chemical equation adheres to the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. Therefore, there must be the same number of atoms of each element on each side of a chemical equation.

Answer: 5

Explanation: nitrogen has atomic number of 7 and its electronic configuration is 2, 5.

5 is the number of electrons in the outermost shell

Answer:

Latitude: [tex]30\° N[/tex]

Longitude: [tex]45\° W[/tex]

Explanation:

Lets begin by explaining the meaning of latitude and longitude as geogrephical coordinates:

Latitude is the angular distance between the equatorial line, and a specific point on the Earth. It is measured in degrees and is represented according to the hemisphere in which the point is located, which can be north or south latitude.  

In this sense latitude [tex]0\°[/tex] refers to the equatorial line that divides the Earth in two hemispheres (North and South).

Longitude represents the specific east–west position of a point on the Earth's surface, being longitude [tex]0\°[/tex] the prime meridian or Greenwich meridian.

So, according to the figure, where the model of the Earth is divided by latitude lines separated by [tex]10\°[/tex] and the longitude lines separated by [tex]15\°[/tex]; we only have to count the lines from the equator to the line where the point A is, and count the lines fromo the Prime meridian to the line where point A is located.

Hence, point A location is:

Latitude: [tex]30\° N[/tex]

Longitude: [tex]45\° W[/tex]

Answer:

time for NO₂ to diffuse = 90 s

Explanation:

Data Given:

Amount of O₂ gas transferred = 80 cm³

time of O₂ gas to diffuse = 50s

Amount of NO₂ gas transferred = 120 cm³

time of NO₂ gas to diffuse = ?

Solution:

As we know

  rate of diffusion = Amount of gas transferred / time . . . . . . . (1)

we also know that Graham's Law is

  rate of diffusion gas A/rate of diffusion gas B = [tex]\sqrt{mB/mA}[/tex] . .  . (2)

where

mA = molar mass of gas A

mB = molar mass of gas B

combine both equation 1 and 2

(Amount of gas A transferred / time for gas A) / (Amount of gas B transferred / time for gas B) =  [tex]\sqrt{mB/mA}[/tex] . . . . . . . . (3)

we can write equation 3 for oxygen and nitrogen (iv) oxide

(Amount of gas O₂ transferred / time for gas O₂) / (Amount of gas NO₂ transferred / time for gas NO₂) =  [tex]\sqrt{m NO₂/mO₂}[/tex] . . . . . . . (4)

Put values in equation equation 4

(80 cm³/50 s) / (120 cm³ / time for NO₂) = [tex]\sqrt{46 g/mol/32 g/mol}[/tex]

(1.6 cm³/s)/(120 cm³ / time for NO₂) = [tex]\sqrt{1.44}[/tex]

(1.6 cm³/s) / (120 cm³ / time for NO₂) = 1.2

Rearrange the above equation

time for NO₂ = 1.2 /(1.6 cm³/s) x 120 cm³

time for NO₂ = 90 s

So,

time for NO₂ to diffuse = 90 s

Explanation:

The retention of analytes in gas chromatography can be increased by selecting mobile phase that is a weaker solvent. When the mobile phase has a lower solvent strength, solutes spend proportionally more time in the stationary phase and take longer to elute.

Answer:

The boiling  point of a 8.5 m solution of Mg3(PO4)2 in water is 394.91 K.

Explanation:

The formula for molal boiling Point elevation is :

[tex]\Delta T_{b} = iK_{b}m[/tex]

[tex]\Delta T_{b}[/tex] = elevation in boiling Point

[tex]K_{b}[/tex] = Boiling point constant( ebullioscopic constant)

m = molality of the solution

i = Van't Hoff Factor

Van't Hoff Factor = It takes into accounts,The abnormal values of Temperature change due to association and dissociation .

In solution Mg3(PO4)2 dissociates as follow :

[tex]Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}\rightarrow 3Mg^{2+} + 2 PO_{4}^{3-}[/tex]

Total ions after dissociation in solution :

= 3 ions of Mg + 2 ions of phosphate

Total ions = 5

i = Van't Hoff Factor = 5

m = 8.5 m

[tex]K_{b}[/tex] = 0.512 °C/m

Insert the values and calculate temperature change:

[tex]\Delta T_{b} = iK_{b}m[/tex]

[tex]\Delta T_{b} = 5\times 0.512\times 8.5[/tex]

[tex]\Delta T_{b} = 21.76 K[/tex]

Boiling point of pure water = 100°C = 273.15 +100 = 373.15 K

[tex]\Delta T_{b} = T_{b} - T_{b}_{pure}[/tex]

[tex]T_{b}_{pure}[/tex] = 373.15 K[/tex]

21.76 = T - 373.15

T = 373.15 + 21.76

T =394.91 K

Answer: (A) and (D)

Options (A) and (D) represent beta decay.

Explanation:

It is very simple to find  beta decay in a nuclear reaction. In beta decay , neutron breaks down into a proton and an electron. After that electron is emitted from the nucleus,while proton remains inside nucleus. The resulting daughter nuclei will have one more proton and one less neutron.

Answer:

A and D

Explanation:

I just took a test an got it right.

Answer:

0.106 mol (3s.f.)

Explanation:

To find the number of moles, divide the mass of glucose (in grams) by its Mr. Glucose has a chemical formula of C6H12O6. To find the Mr, add all the Ar of all the atoms in C6H12O6.

Ar of C= 12, Ar of H= 1, Mr of O= 16

These Ar values can be found on the periodic table.

Mr of glucose= 6(12)+ 12(1) + 6(16)= 180

Moles of glucose

= mass ÷ mr

= 19.1 ÷ 180

= 0.106 mol (3 s.f.)

Answer:

Normal fault

Reverse fault

Strike slip fault

Explanation:

Did the assignment.

Normal Fault, Reverse Fault, and Strike-Slip Fault are the three types of faults in geology related to plate tectonics.

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Answer:

 (NH₄)₃PO₄ (l) + Al(NO₃)₃(l) -----------→  AlPO₄(l) + 3NH₄NO₃(l)

Explanation:

Data Give:

Reaction between ammonium phosphate solution and solution of aluminum nitrate

Details:

To write a balanced chemical equation we have to know formula units of compounds or molecules

Formula units

ammonium phosphate : (NH₄)₃PO₄

aluminum nitrate: Al(NO₃)₃

ammonium nitrate: NH₄NO₃

Now to write a chemical equation

So the Reaction will be

                      (NH₄)₃PO₄ + Al(NO₃)₃ -----------→  AlPO₄ + NH₄NO₃

Now balance the Chemical equation

                     (NH₄)₃PO₄ + Al(NO₃)₃ -----------→  AlPO₄ + 3NH₄NO₃

Now write the phase Symbols

                     (NH₄)₃PO₄ (l) + Al(NO₃)₃(l) -----------→  AlPO₄(l) + 3NH₄NO₃(l)

all compounds in the reaction are in liquid form and soluble in water

*** Note:

There is no aluminum nitrite in chemicals formulas

Also ammonium nitrite can not be used in pure isolated form due to its highly instability

To find the average time for multiple trials of a car traveling a distance, sum the times and divide by the number of trials, then record these averages to two decimal places.

Calculating Average Time and Speed

To calculate the average time it takes a car to travel certain distances with washers attached to a pulley, you need to record the time it takes to travel those distances multiple times. Then, sum these times and divide by the number of trials to find the average. For example, if you measure the time it takes a car to travel 0.25 meters four times and get times of t1, t2, t3, and t4 seconds, the average time would be calculated as (t1 + t2 + t3 + t4) / 4. The process is similar for calculating the average time for 0.50 meters. Once you have these averages, you can record and round them to two decimal places for inclusion in Table C of the Student Guide.

The procedure also involves plotting a 'Distance vs. Time' graph from the recorded data and finding the gradient for the straight line through the data points, which yields the average velocity of the car.

Answer:

dehydration process is occurring in this process.

Concentrated sulfuric acid sometimes used as drying agent because it has a very strong affinity for water and can be used to dehydrate means removal of water occur. Removing of water from reactant compound results in formation of double bond in product compound.

The given reaction involves the dehydration of ethanol ([tex]CH_3CH_2OH[/tex]) in the presence of sulfuric acid ([tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]) and heat, resulting in the formation of ethylene ([tex]CH_2CH_2[/tex]). This type of reaction is known as an elimination reaction. Specifically, it is a dehydration reaction, where water ([tex]H_2O[/tex]) is removed from the starting material to form the product.

The reaction described involves the dehydration of ethanol ([tex]CH_3CH_2OH[/tex]) in the presence of sulfuric acid ([tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]) and heat, resulting in the formation of ethylene ([tex]CH_2CH_2[/tex]).

Dehydration reactions are a type of elimination reaction where a molecule of water is removed from the starting material to form a new compound.

In this case, the hydrogen and hydroxyl (OH) groups from adjacent carbon atoms in ethanol are eliminated to form a double bond between the carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of ethylene.

Sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst, facilitating the removal of the water molecule from the ethanol molecule. The heat provides the energy required to drive the reaction forward.

Overall, this reaction is an example of a chemical transformation that involves the removal of water to form a new compound.

Answer:

The variation in attraction of some atoms causes hydrogen bonding

Explanation:

Hydrogen bonding is caused by the tendency of some atoms in molecules to attract electrons more than their accompanying atom.

This gives the molecule a permanent dipole moment, it makes it polar, so it acts like a magnet and attracts the opposite end of other polar molecules.

What is hydrogen bonding?

A hydrogen bond is a partial intermolecular bonding interaction between a lone pair on an electron rich donor atom.

Answer:

I₂ + H₂O --------→ HI + HIO

Explanation:

Iodine is not fully dissolve in water but only dissolve up to some extent.

When iodine was mixed with water it give mixture of two products.

So the balance reaction is as under

        I₂ + H₂O --------→ HI + HIO

All the reactant are one mole and one one mole of each product produced in the shown reaction.

This is a reversible reaction and only 0.05% of Iodine molecule react with water and the other  Iodine molecule remain in water unreacted.

Answer:

5.3

The next one is 11

Explanation:

To determine the pH of a 0.050 M HCN solution, we can use the given Ka value and the equilibrium expression for the acid dissociation reaction. By assuming that the concentration of H+ ions and CN- ions will be equal, we can solve for the concentration of H+ ions and calculate the pH.

To determine the pH of a 0.050 M HCN solution, we need to use the given Ka value and the equilibrium expression for the acid dissociation reaction:

HCN(aq) ↔ H+(aq) + CN-(aq)

The equilibrium constant expression is Ka = [H+][CN-]/[HCN]. Since the initial concentration of HCN is given as 0.050 M, we can assume that the change in concentration of HCN will be small when it dissociates. Therefore, we can neglect x in the denominator and write the equilibrium expression as Ka = [H+][CN-].

Given that Ka = 4.9 x 10-10, we can assume that the concentration of H+ ions and CN- ions will be equal since HCN is a weak acid and does not dissociate completely. Therefore, [H+] = [CN-].

Let x be the concentration of H+ and CN- ions. Then, according to the equilibrium expression, [H+] = x and [CN-] = x.

Substituting these values into the equilibrium expression, we have:

4.9 x 10-10 = (x)(x)

Solving for x gives x = 7.0 x 10-6 M. Since [H+] = x, the pH of the solution is equal to the negative logarithm of x:

pH = -log(7.0 x 10-6) ≈ 5.16