What are three ways to increase the rate of dissociation of a solid

Answer:

Orbital diagram attached

Explanation:

Lead has an atomic number 82. Which means that it has 82 protons in its nucleus. As we that in a neutral element number of protons are equal to number of electrons. Which that it has also 82 electrons.

Electronic configuration of lead is:

 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6p²

OR [Xe] 6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6p²

Answer:

It should be gas.

Explanation:

It should be gas but I don't see the simulation so it's possible that it's solid/liquid

Answer:

                     69.036 g of Compound is required to obtain 48.45 g of Oxygen.

Explanation:

                    Let us assume that the total mass of the compound is 100 g. So it means that this compound weighing 100 is composed 70.18 % of Oxygen or among 100 g of this compound 70.18 g is constituted by oxygen only. Hence, we can make a relation as that,

                      70.18 g O is present in  =  100 g of a Compound

So,

         48.45 g of O will be present in  =  X g of a Compound

Solving for X,

                        X  =  100 g × 48.45 g ÷ 70.18 g

                        X  =  69.036 g of Compound

Answer:

Disrupted food webs

increased competition

disrupted life-cycle events

forced relocation

Explanation:

The results of global warming can be devastating for every living organism. Global warming will cause mist of the organisms of a species to die as they will not be able to maintain themselves in such heated environments. As a result, there will be more competition for resources among different organisms. Organisms will be forced to leave their habitats and relocate themselves as a result of global warming.

Answer:

Disrupted food webs

increased competition

disrupted life-cycle events

forced relocation

Explanation:

Answer:

D) C4H 12 + 70 2 - 6H 20 + 4CO 2

Explanation:

I'm certain this is a combustion reaction.

Answer:

When an ion is positive is has "more protons than" electrons

Explanation:

In case of an atom when gets involved with other atom due to uneven nos. of electrons and the protons, the atom formed is known as the ion. When, the atom has higher number of electrons than that of the protons it will form an negative ion. Bt in case of more number of protons as compared to the electrons it will form a positive ion. The ion with positive charge is basically called as the cation, with negative charge called as anion.

Answer:

80.41 g

Explanation:

Data Given:

Mass of Nitrogen (N₂) = 77.3 g

Mass of Hydrogen (H₂) = 14.2 g

many grams of NH₃ = ?

Solution:

First we look at the balanced synthesis reaction

              N₂   +    3 H₂  ------—> 2 NH₃

             1 mol      3 mol

As 1 mole of Nitrogen react with 3 mole of hydrogen

Convert moles to mass

molar mass of N₂ = 2(14) = 28 g/mol

molar mass of H₂ = 2(1) + 2 g/mol

Now

                     N₂             +           3 H₂        ------—>      2 NH₃

             1 mol (28 g/mol)     3 mol(2g/mol)

                    28 g                        6 g

28 grams of N₂ react with 6 g of H₂  

So

if 28 grams of N₂ produces 6 g of H₂  so how many grams of N₂ will react with 14.2 g of H₂.

Apply Unity Formula

                 28 g of N₂ ≅ 6 g of H₂

                 X g of N₂ ≅ 14.2 g of H₂

Do cross multiply

                X g of N₂ = 28 g x 14.2 g / 6 g

                X g of N₂ = 66.3 g

As we have given with 77. 3 g of N₂ but from this calculation we come to know that 66.3 g will react with 14.2 g of hydrogen and the remaining 10 g N₂ will be in excess

So, Hydrogen is limiting reactant in this reaction and the amount of NH₃ depends on the amount of hydrogen.

Now

To find mass of NH₃ we will do following calculation

Look at the reaction

As we Know

                     N₂             +           3 H₂        ------—>      2 NH₃

                                                   6 g                            2 mol

So, 6 g of hydrogen gives 2 moles of NH₃, then how many moles of NH₃ will be produce by 14.2 g

Apply Unity Formula

                 6 g of H₂ ≅ 2 mol of NH₃

                14.2 g of H₂ ≅ X mol of NH₃

Do cross multiply

               X mol of NH₃= 14.2 g x 2 mol / 6 g

                X mol of NH₃ = 4.73 mol

So, 14.2 g of hydrogen gives 4.73 moles of NH₃

Now

Convert moles of NH₃ to mass

Formula will be used

        mass in grams = no. of moles x molar mass . . . . . . (2)

Molar mass of  NH₃

Molar mass of  NH₃ = 14 + 3(1)

Molar mass of  NH₃ = 14 + 3 = 17 g/mol

Put values in equation 2

        mass in grams = 4.73 mole x 17 g/mol

        mass in grams =  80.41 g

mass of NH₃=  80.41 g

Using the principles of stoichiometry, it can be calculated that while 77.3 grams of nitrogen could produce 93.5 grams of NH3, the 14.2 grams of hydrogen can only generate 80.6 grams of NH3. Hence, the reaction is limited by hydrogen and can only yield 80.6 grams of NH3.

To figure out how many grams of NH3 can be prepared from 77.3 grams of nitrogen and 14.2 grams of hydrogen gas, you need to use the stoichiometry principle in chemistry which refers to the calculation of quantities in a chemical reaction.

The balanced chemical equation for the formation of ammonia is: N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3. From this equation, we see that 28 grams of nitrogen (N2) react with 6 grams of Hydrogen (H2) to produce 34 grams of ammonia (NH3). Therefore, for 77.3 grams of N2, it would form (77.3/28)*34 = 93.5g of NH3 if there is sufficient H2.

However, we only have 14.2 grams of H2. Given the stoichiometry of the reaction we know that 6 grams of H2 can produce 34 grams of NH3, so 14.2 grams of H2 will produce (14.2/6)*34 = 80.6g of NH3. Hence, the amount of NH3 that can be produced is limited by the amount of H2, and only 80.6 grams of NH3 can be synthesized.

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78.78 g out of 250 g of Thorium-234 would remain after 40 days.

Explanation:

All radioactive samples are unstable in nature and so they will be decaying with time. So the equation of disintegration of the radioactive element is given as

[tex]N=N_{0}e^{-kt}[/tex]

So N is the mass of the radioactive element at time t and [tex]N_{0}[/tex] is the mass of the radioactive element at initial stage. Here k is the disintegration constant and t is the time.

We can determine the disintegration constant from the half life term of any element.

[tex]Half life = \frac{0.693}{k}[/tex]

So, [tex]k = \frac{0.693}{Half life}[/tex]

Since, the half life time of thorium-234 is known to be 24 days. Then, the disintegration constant is

[tex]k = \frac{0.693}{24}=0.028875[/tex] [tex]days^{-1}[/tex]

As the given questions have the initial mass [tex]N_{0}[/tex] as 250 g and t is given as 40 days, then the mass after 40 days will be

[tex]N = 250 * e^{-0.02887*40}= 250 * e^{-1.1548}=78.78 g.[/tex]

Thus, 78.78 g of thorium-234 would remain after 40 days.

To determine how many grams of thorium-234 would remain after 40 days, we need to understand the concept of radioactive decay. Using the formula for remaining mass, the approximate remaining mass would be 28.69 grams.

To determine how many grams of thorium-234 would remain after 40 days, we need to understand the concept of radioactive decay. Thorium-234 undergoes radioactive decay with a half-life of 24.1 days. This means that after 24.1 days, half of the thorium-234 sample would decay.

To calculate the remaining grams after 40 days, we can use the following formula:

Remaining mass of thorium-234 = Initial mass × (1/2)^(number of half-lives)

Substituting the values, we have:
Remaining mass of thorium-234 = 250 g × (1/2)^(40/24.1)

Using a calculator, the remaining mass of thorium-234 after 40 days would be approximately 28.69 grams.

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Answer:

2200 g

Explanation:

Data Given:

no. of moles of Ba₃N₂ = 5 moles

mass of Ba₃N₂ = ?

Solution:

Formula used

            no. of moles = mass in grams / molar mass

To find mass rearrange the above equation:

mass in grams = no. of moles x molar mass. . . . . . (1)

molar mass of  Ba₃N₂

molar mass of  Ba₃N₂ = 3(137.3) + 2(14)

molar mass of  Ba₃N₂ = 412 + 28

molar mass of  Ba₃N₂ = 440 g/mol

Put values in equation 1

         mass in grams = 5 moles x 440 g/mol

         mass in grams = 2200 g

So,

mass of Ba₃N₂ = 2200 g

Answer:

Ca: [Ar] 4s²

Pm : [Xe} 6s² 4f⁵

Explanation:

The electronic configuation of an element in noble gas notation is written by giving the symbol of the nearest noble gas that is present in the period above it in the periodic table, followed by the electronic configuration of the remaining electrons.

For Ca the atomic no is 20

It is in 4th period.

The electronic configuration of Ca is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶ represents the electronic congiguation of Ar with completely filled valence shell. So we can represent electronic configuration of Ca as [Ar] 4s².

The atomic no. of Promethium,Pm is 61. It's electronic configuration is

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s² 3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶6s²4f⁵

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s² 3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶ is the configuration of the noble gas Xe . So we can represent electronic configuration of Pm as

[Xe} 6s² 4f⁵

Answer:

Ca: [Ar] 4s²

Pm : [Xe} 6s² 4f⁵

Explanation:

Answer:

not sure but i think that there are 35 atoms.

Have a great day!

Answer: The answer is D

Explanation:

So there is 2K + 2H2O --> 2KOH + 1H2

2Potassium +  2Water ---> 2Potassium Hydroxide + 1Dihyrogen

Answer:

6 cucumberslices.

Explanation:

You can make a maximum of 4 sandwiches. 8 slices of tomato and 2 needed for each. 8/4=2. You need 4 slices of cucumber per sandwich and have 22. the maximum of sandwiches we can make is 4 so 4×4=16. 22-16=6 leftover slices of cucumber.

Answer:

Dusting for fingerprints makes use of the physical property of stickiness. Skin oils absorb the fingerprint dust, which is then collected on a sticky tape.

Dusting for fingerprints makes advantage of stickiness as a physical change. Skin oils adsorb the dust from fingerprints.

Physical modifications are those that modify a chemical substance's shape but not its chemical content. Physical changes are normally unable to divide compounds into chemical elements or simpler compounds, although they can be utilized to separate mixtures into their  components.

A physical change happens when a substance's physical characteristics change without undergoing chemical composition. Melting, changes in size, volume, color, and crystal shape are examples of common physical changes.

Thus, the dusting for fingerprints makes advantage of stickiness as a physical change. Skin oils adsorb the dust from fingerprints.

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Explanation:

Diffusion

It is the movement of substances from the region of  higher concentration to lower concentration .

This diffusion is shown almost negligible by solids , a little by liquids and  maximum by gases .

The factors on which diffusion depends :

Applications of diffusion

It helps in the movement of substance in and out from the cell and its components .

It helps in spreading the fragrance when sprayed with some perfume etc .

It helps in dissolving substance in any medium

Etc

Simple diffusion is the movement of molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of

Simple diffusion refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This process occurs due to the natural tendency of molecules to move from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration in order to achieve equilibrium. This movement does not require the assistance of any external energy or transport proteins.

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Answer:

455.4 g (NH_4)2 SO_4

Explanation:

Given:

no of moles of (NH_4)2 SO_4 , n=3.45 moles

To find:

The mass (w) of (NH_4)2 SO_4 in 3.45 moles (n)of it.

Molar mass (M) of (NH_4)2 SO_4 = 132 g

No of moles n is given by the formula;

[tex]n =\frac{w}{M}[/tex]

n is no. of moles

w is mass of the compound

M is the molar mass of the compound

Substituting the values in the formula,

[tex]3.45=\frac{w}{132}[/tex]

w=3.45 × 132=455.4g

Answer: 0.19mol

Explanation

Mass of Ca = 7.6g

Molar Mass of Ca = 40g/mol

n = Mass /Molar Mass = 7.6/40

n = 0.19mol

Answer: A

Explanation: Use their best estimate for the true value

Lithium and Iodine will likely form an ionic bond. Lithium, a metal, will lose an electron while Iodine, a non-metal, will gain that electron, resulting in a stable electron configuration and the creation of an ionic bond.

The formation of ionic bonds typically occurs between a metal and a non-metal element due to the transfer of electrons from the metal to the non-metal. In this case, Lithium (Li) and Iodine (I) will likely form an ionic bond. Lithium, a metal, tends to lose an electron while iodine, a non-metal, tends to gain an electron, to achieve a stable electron configuration. This exchange of electrons leads to the formation of an ionic bond with Lithium becoming a positive ion (Li+) and Iodine becoming a negative ion (I-).

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Answer:

Jöns Jakob Berzellus _

Invented the chemical notation system

Explanation:

Meaning of chemical notation : It is the representation of chemical composition of element by symbols.

Berzelius was the first person to measure accurate atomic weight of the elements, which helped to confirm Dalton's Atomic Theory.

He described how chemical bonds are formed by electrostatic attraction.

Berzelius, work with atomic weight and his theory of electrochemical dualism led to the development of Chemical notation that decide the chemical notation of the compounds.This chemical notation determines about the element both qualitatively and quantitatively.

He identified that compounds can be distinguished by the opposing constituents which are the acidic constituent , the basic and the neutral part.

This formula representation is given by Berzelius.

Answer:

Jöns Jakob Berzellus

Invented the chemical notation system

Explanation:

I got this one right on my test so it is right.

Answer:

(NH₄)₂SO₃

Explanation:

Data Given:

formula for "ammonium sulfite”

Solution

Ammonium sulfite consist of following atoms

Nitrogen = N

Hydrogen = H

Sulfur = S

Oxygen = O

Now we will look for the symbols of ammonium and sulfite

Ammonium = NH₄⁺

ammonium consists one nitrogen and 4 hydrogen atoms. it have overall 1 positive charge.

Sulfite = SO₃²⁻

it have one sulfur and 2 oxygen atoms. the overall charge is 2-.

Now we will write Both ammonium and sulfite ions together. the charges will are the combining power and will be written at the base of the alternate position formula unit.

      (NH₄)₂SO₃

So 2 ammonium ions combine with one sulfite ion.

So the formula for “ammonium sulfite” is (NH₄)₂SO₃

The formula of compound that shows the types and numbers of atoms present in a molecule of the compound ammonium sulfite is (NH₄)₂SO₃.

The formula of a compound is a chemical shorthand that provides information about the composition of the compound. The formula typically consists of the atomic symbols of the elements present in the compound, along with subscript numbers indicating the number of atoms of each element.

For example, the formula of water is H₂O, which indicates that it contains two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. Similarly, the formula of sodium chloride is NaCl, representing one sodium (Na) atom and one chlorine (Cl) atom.

The formula of a compound is essential for understanding its chemical properties, stoichiometry, and reactions. It provides a concise way to represent the arrangement of atoms in a molecule and allows scientists to communicate and work with compounds more efficiently.

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2 moles of NaOH dissolved in 1 litre of solution is the solution with more concentration.

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Concentration of solution is the measure of the amount of solute dissolved in the solvent of the solution. So this is measured using the molarity of the solution. Molarity is determined as the number of moles of the solute present in the given amount of solvent.

[tex]\text {Molarity}=\frac{\text {Moles of solute}}{\text {Amount of solvent }}[/tex]

In this present case, the option A gives the molarity of 2 M as

[tex]\text {Molarity}=\frac{2}{1}=2 M[/tex]

But the second option, mass of NaOH is given. So we have to determine the molarity. First we have to find the molar mass of NaOH. We know that 1 mole of NaOH will contain 40 g/mole.

1 g of NaOH = 40 g of NaOH

1 g of NaOH = 1/40 moles

So 2 g of NaOH will contain [tex]\frac{2 g}{40 g/mole}[/tex] which is equal to 0.05 moles of NaOH.

Thus, the molarity of 2 g of NaOH will be

Molarity = [tex]\frac{0.05 moles }{1 L}[/tex]=0.05 M

Thus, the option A is having higher concentration as the molarity is more for 2 moles of NaOH dissolved in 1 l of solution.

Explanation:

Mixtures

They are formed when two or more substances are simply mixed in any ratio not chemically combined with each other.  

Characteristics  

Let us discuss few techniques :

1. Evaporation

For example :To obtain colored component (Dye) from Ink

Materials Required : Watch glass ink (blue/ black) beaker , stand, burner.  

Procedure :  

Observation:  

Evaporation taking place from the watch glass can be seen  

Residue is left on the watch glass  

Conclusion drawn :

2, Centrifugal method

 For example : To separate cream from milk by using centrifuge method.  

Materials Required : Full cream milk centrifuging machine/milk churner, jug test-tubes.  

Procedure:  

Observation

Cream floating on the milk can be seen.  

Conclusion drawn

When milk is rotated at high speed then the suspended lighter particles (fats and protein molecules) bind with each other forming ‘cream’ and ‘skimmed milk’. The cream being lighter floats over the skimmed milk which can be removed easily.  

3. Sublimation

For example :To separate a mixture of common salt and ammonium chloride :  

Materials Required : China dish, tripod stand mixture of common salt and ammonium chloride glass funnel cotton and burner.  

Procedure:  

Observation :  

Conclusion drawn: Ammonium chloride, being a volatile substance , changes into white vapors easily which deposits on the cold inner wall of the funnel. This ammonium chloride obtained is called the  

Answer:

Explanation: The respiratory system increases gas exchange, and the circulatory system circulates blood faster to deliver oxygen to muscles.

When a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid, manganese oxide and sodium chloride is warmed, the chlorine gas is formed.

Explanation:

       NaCl + MnO₂ + H₂SO₄ -----> NaHSO₄ + MnSO₄ + H₂O + Cl₂

For balancing the equation

i) 2 Cl atoms are present at right side while 1 atom is present in left side.

Cl atoms get balanced by putting 2 before NaCl.

ii) Now there are 2 Na atoms present at left while 1 atom is present at the right side.

To balance it, put 2 before NaHSO₄.

iii) (SO₄) is 3 units on the right-hand side, 1 on the left-hand side.

Put a 3 before H₂SO₄ on the left-hand side, thus balancing the number of (SO₄) units.

iv) Balance the excess H atoms present at the left side, by putting a 2 before H₂O.

4NaCl + MnO2 + 4H2SO4 ---> MnCl2 + 4NaHSO4 + 2H2O + Cl2

When Manganese oxide reacts with sodium chloride and sulfuric acid, it gets warmed and produces manganese chloride, chlorine gas, sodium bisulfate, and water.

When this mixture is warmed it produces chlorine gas.

Answer:

2Na + MgF₂   → 2NaF  + Mg

Explanation:

Chemical equation:

Na + MgF₂   →  NaF  + Mg

Chemical equation:

2Na + MgF₂   → 2NaF  + Mg

The given reaction follow the law of conservation of mass because there are equal number of atoms of sodium, magnesium and fluorine are present on both side of equation.

According to the law of conservation mass, mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical equation.

This law was given by french chemist  Antoine Lavoisier in 1789. According to this law mass of reactant and mass of product must be equal, because masses are not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Type of reaction:

The given chemical reaction is type of single replacement reaction. Sodium replace the magnesium and form sodium fluoride.

Single replacement:

It is the reaction in which one elements replace the other element in compound.

AB + C → AC + B

Answer:

Approximately 3.1 × 10²².

Explanation:

Start by considering: how many moles of copper atoms in this 3.3-gram coin?

To answer that, it would be necessary to know the mass of one mole of copper atoms. The mass (in grams) of one mole of copper atoms is numerically equal to the relative atomic mass of copper. Look up the relative atomic mass of copper on a modern periodic table.

In other words, the mass of one mole of copper atoms is equal to 63.546 grams. Hence, the number of moles of copper atoms in the 3.3-gram coin would be equal to

[tex]\displaystyle n = \frac{m}{M} = \frac{3.3}{63.546} \approx 0.0519309 \; \rm mol[/tex].

How many copper atoms would that be? Avogadro's Constant gives the number of particles in one mole.

[tex]N_A \approx 6.023\times 10^{23}\; \rm mol^{-1}[/tex].

Since there are approximately [tex]0.0519309 \; \rm mol[/tex] copper atoms, the number of copper atoms would be

[tex]\displaystyle N = \frac{n}{N_A} \approx \frac{0.0519309}{6.023\times 10^{23}} \approx 3.3 \times 10^{22}[/tex].

The number of moles of copper in a penny of mass 3.3g is about 0.052 moles. By multiplying by Avogadro's number, we find that there are approximately 3.1 × 10²² copper atoms in the penny.

To determine the number of moles of copper in a single penny, you need to know the atomic weight of copper and Avogadro's number. The atomic weight of copper is approximately 63.5 g/mol. So, given that the mass of the penny is 3.3 g, we can use the following conversion to find the number of moles:

moles of copper = mass of copper / atomic weight of copper

moles of copper = 3.3 g / 63.5 g/mol = 0.052 moles.

To find the number of copper atoms, you would multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10²³ atoms/mol), thus:

number of copper atoms = number of moles * Avogadro's number

number of copper atoms = 0.052 moles * 6.022 × 10²³ atoms/mol ≈ 3.1 × 10²² copper atoms.

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Answer:

  They are in the same family/group.

Explanation:

Both Ca and Sr are Group 2 elements, so can be expected to have similar chemical properties. Strontium would be expected to be chemically similar to calcium because they are in the same family/group.

Answer:

it's a i just took the test

YAY :D

Explanation:

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Took test got it right