Eukaryotic cells have specialized structures called organelles suspended in the cytoplasm, each with their own unique functions.
Explanation:Eukaryotic cells have specialized structures suspended in the cytoplasm, known as organelles, which carry out specific functions.
Some of the organelles found in eukaryotic cells include:
Mitochondria: Responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.Peroxisomes: Involved in lipid biosynthesis and breakdown of various molecules.Endoplasmic reticulum: A network of membranous structures involved in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and detoxification.Golgi apparatus: Modifies, sorts, packages, and transports proteins and lipids.Lysosomes: Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion and waste removal.These organelles, among others, contribute to the overall function and organization of eukaryotic cells.
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How to find molecular formula from empirical formula?
To find the molecular formula from the empirical formula, multiply each subscript in the empirical formula by the number of empirical formula units per molecule. This number can be obtained by dividing the molecular mass by the empirical formula mass.
Explanation:The molecular formula is derived from the empirical formula by multiplying each of its subscripts by n, which represents the number of empirical formula units per molecule. To find the value of n, you need to compare the molecular or molar mass of the compound to its empirical formula mass. Divide the molecular mass by the empirical formula mass to determine n. Then, multiply each subscript in the empirical formula by n to obtain the molecular formula.
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(2.06) (1.743) (1.00)
How should the answer be reported using the correct number of significant figures?
A. 3.59
B. 3.591
C. 3.6
D. 4
How many orbitals are completely filled in an atom that has 12 electrons?
There are six orbitals completely filled in an atom that has 12 electrons.
What is an electron ?The elementary electric charge of the electron is a negative one, making it a subatomic particle. The first generation of lepton particles includes electrons.
There are two electrons in each orbital, and their spins vary. An electron in a specific subshell can be located in an atom's orbital, a region of space. A maximum of two electrons with the opposite spin can fit in any orbital. One 1s orbital and two electrons are contained within the first shell.
Only a specific number of electrons can fit in each shell: the first shell can hold up to two, the second shell up to eight (2 + 6) electrons, the third shell up to 18 (2 + 6 + 10) electrons, and so on.
Thus, There are six orbitals completely filled in an atom that has 12 electrons.
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A sample composed only of atoms having the same atomic number is classified as
1. A compound
2. A solution
3. An element
4. An isomer
List two examples of carbohydrates and two examples of lipids.
Answer:
Two examples of Carbohydrate : Galactose , Sucrose
Two examples pf Lipids : Fats , steroids
Then, in the light independent photosynthetic reactions, that energy is used to convert co2 into ________.
A bicyclist pedaling up a Hill. What type of energy potential or kinetic?
A bicyclist pedaling up a hill primarily increases their potential energy. Kinetic energy, the energy of motion, may decrease on an uphill climb but is still present. In such situations, energy conversion and loss due to friction are significant concepts.
Explanation:The type of energy involved when a bicyclist is pedaling up a hill is primarily potential energy. As the cyclist moves uphill, they are working against gravity, which stores energy in the form of gravitational potential energy. This type of energy is associated with the position or height of an object, and the higher the cyclist goes up the hill, the more potential energy is accumulated.
On the other hand, kinetic energy is the energy of motion, which the cyclist has while pedaling. When riding up a hill, the cyclist's kinetic energy may decrease as they slow down due to the incline and the gravitational force working against them. However, any movement still equates to some level of kinetic energy being present. To increase kinetic energy, the cyclist would have to pedal harder, which might indeed make them feel exhausted, as they would be exerting more force to overcome the hill's slope.
In physics problems like this, energy conversion is a key point of discussion. For example, when a car ascends a hill, its kinetic energy is converted into potential energy. And when a car or a bicycle descends a hill, the potential energy is converted back into kinetic energy.
It's also important to note that in many real-world situations, not all the kinetic energy is converted into potential energy. Some of the energy is inevitably lost as heat due to friction, such as tire friction which warms up the tires, or brake friction which heats up the brakes.
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The atomic mass of an element is equal to the:
Answer: It is equal to the sum of number of neutrons and protons.
Explanation:
Atomic mass of an element is defined as the sum of number of neutrons and number of protons that are present in an atom. It is represented as 'A'.
A = Atomic mass = Number of neutrons + Number of protons
For an element X having 5 protons and 6 neutrons, the atomic mass will be:
Atomic mass = 5 + 6
Hence, this is equal to the sum of number of neutrons and protons.
The atomic mass of an element is equal to the weighted average mass of its isotopes.
Explanation:The atomic mass of an element is equal to the weighted average mass of the isotopes of that element. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons. The atomic mass is determined by the abundance of each isotope and its respective mass. For example, carbon has two main isotopes, carbon-12 and carbon-13, with atomic masses of 12 and 13 respectively. The atomic mass of carbon, therefore, is a weighted average of these two isotopes.
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how does stability relate to how quickly a substance breaks down?
This will require considerable effort to break down a chemical if it is very stable. If anything is unstable, it will fall apart quickly and easily.
What is stability of compounds?Chemical stability in chemistry refers to a chemical system's thermodynamic stability. When a system was still in its lowest energy state or in chemical relationship with its surroundings, thermodynamic stability occurs. It could be a dynamic relationship when the total number of atoms or molecules in a given shape is conserved despite the fact that individual molecules or atoms change forms.
Chemical systems may experience a series of chemical reactions or changes in the material's phase. A chemical substance's reactivity describes how it might react in a range of hypothetical chemical systems also, for a software set, how quickly such a reaction might develop. This will require considerable effort to break down a chemical if it is very stable. If anything is unstable, it will fall apart quickly and easily.
Therefore, this will require considerable effort to break down a chemical if it is very stable. If anything is unstable, it will fall apart quickly and easily.
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if a sample of neon (Ne) contains 1.01×10^22 atoms, what is it's mass
Final answer:
Assuming an average atomic mass of about 20.18 amu, the mass of the neon sample is approximately 0.338 grams.
Explanation:
To calculate the mass of a sample of neon (Ne) containing 1.01×1022 atoms, we use the concept of the mole, which is the base unit for the amount of substance in the International System of Units (SI). Firstly, we find the molar mass of neon, which is the mass of one mole of neon atoms, based on its isotopic composition. Neon has three naturally occurring isotopes: Ne-20, Ne-21, and Ne-22.
The average atomic mass of neon can be calculated from the abundances and masses of its isotopes. For example, neon might consist of 90.48% Ne-20 with a mass of 19.992 u, 0.27% Ne-21 with a mass of 20.994 u, and 9.25% Ne-22 with a mass of 21.991 u.
Using the average atomic mass of neon and Avogadro's number (6.022×1023 atoms/mol), we could find the molar mass and then calculate the mass of the neon sample as follows:
m = (number of atoms ÷ Avogadro's number) × molar mass of neon
Without the exact average atomic mass, we cannot complete this calculation. However, if we assume an average atomic mass around 20.18 amu (as is typical for neon), we can get an estimate:
m = (1.01×1022 atoms ÷ 6.022×1023 atoms/mol) × 20.18 g/mol
m ≈ 0.338 g
The mass of the neon sample is therefore approximately 0.338 grams.
Place coefficients in the reactants and or products to balance the following chemical reactions.
1. Fe + S FeS
2. H2 + Cl2 HCl
3. Mg + O2 MgO
4. O2 + H2 H2O
5. HgO Hg + O2
6. Ca + H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
7. CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O
8. Na2O2 + H2(SO4) Na2(SO4) + H2O2
9. N2 + H2 NH3
10. Al + O2 Al2O3
11. KMnO4 K2O + MnO + O2
To balance chemical equations, coefficients are adjusted so that the number of each type of atom and the charge are the same on both sides. For example, the reaction between magnesium and oxygen is balanced by writing 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO, demonstrating the principle of conservation of mass.
Explanation:Balancing chemical equations involves adding coefficients to the reactants and products so that the same number of each type of atom occurs on both sides of the equation. To balance the listed equations:
Fe + S → FeS: This equation is already balanced with a coefficient of 1 for all reactants and products.H2 + Cl2 → HCl: The balanced equation is H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl.Mg + O2 → MgO: The balanced equation is 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO.O2 + H2 → H2O: The balanced equation is O2 + 2H2 → 2H2O.HgO → Hg + O2: The balanced equation is 2HgO → 2Hg + O2.Ca + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2: The balanced equation is Ca + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2.CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O: The balanced equation is CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O.The key to balancing equations is to systematically adjust coefficients, ensuring both mass and charge are conserved.
How many milliliters of a stock solution of 5.00 m hcl would you have to use to prepare 1.00l of a 0.0800 m hcl?
Is lead a mixture or pure substance? and is Paint a mixture or pure substance?
Final answer:
Lead is a pure substance and an element, while paint is a mixture, typically a homogeneous mixture due to its uniform appearance.
Explanation:
Lead is a pure substance. Specifically, it is an element, which means it is composed of only one type of atom, making its composition constant and its properties consistent throughout. Its chemical symbol is Pb and can be found in various applications from batteries to radiation shielding. Paint, on the other hand, is a mixture because it contains several different substances combined together, such as pigments, solvents, and binders. Modern paints are usually homogeneous mixtures, as their components are evenly dispersed throughout, giving them a uniform appearance.
Which element will attract electrons more strongly—fluorine or carbon?
Why do scientists think there is an undiscovered carbon sink somewhere?
Combustion reactions are most conveniently studied _____. hints combustion reactions are most conveniently studied _____. there is no way to study a combustion reaction conveniently using a beaker and a thermometer using constant-pressure calorimetry using constant-volume calorimetry
Why did mendeleev switch iodine and tellurium?
Name three elements that have been added to the periodic table since mendeleev's time
What is the weight of a 2000 kg satellite in a geosynchronous orbit?
The weight of a satellite in a geosynchronous orbit is zero. This is because the satellite is in free fall, and the only force acting on it is the gravitational force of the Earth.
What is the weight of a satelliteWeight is defined as the force of gravity acting on an object. In a geosynchronous orbit, the satellite is orbiting the Earth at the same rate that the Earth is rotating. This means that the satellite is always over the same spot on the equator. The satellite is also at an altitude of approximately 35,768 kilometers, which is very high above the Earth's surface.
At this altitude, the gravitational force of the Earth is much weaker than it is at sea level. In fact, it is only about 0.223 times the gravitational force at sea level.
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In a geosynchronous orbit, a 2000 kg satellite experiences a weight of approximately 0.223 N. This significant reduction occurs due to the increased distance from the Earth's center.
The weight of an object, including a satellite, is the gravitational force it experiences due to Earth's gravity. In a geosynchronous orbit, a satellite orbits Earth at a distance where its orbital period matches the Earth's rotation period, typically around 35,786 kilometers above the equator.
The formula to calculate the gravitational force (weight) on the satellite is given by Newton's law of universal gravitation: F = G * (m1 * m2) / r²
where: G is the gravitational constant, approximately 6.67430 x10⁻¹¹ N(m/kg)²
m1 is the mass of the Earth, approximately 5.972 x 1024 kg
m2 is the mass of the satellite, 2000 kg in this case
r is the distance from the center of the Earth to the satellite, about 42,164 kilometers (radius of Earth + altitude of geosynchronous orbit)
Plugging in these values, we get: F = (6.67430 x 10⁻¹¹ N(m/kg)²) * (5.972 x 10²⁴ kg) * (2000 kg) / (4.2164 x 10⁷ m)²
Weight, of approximately 0.223 N.
In which orbital does an electron in a bromine atom experience the greatest effective nuclear charge?
Explanation:
As the shielding effect is the effect which occurs when electrons shield each other from being attracted by the nucleus.
The effective nuclear charge is the net effective positive charge experienced by the electrons in an atom.
The electronic configuration of bromine is as follows.
[tex]1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2^p{6} 3s^{2} 3p^{6} 3d^{10} 4s^{2} 4p^{5}[/tex]
Since, 1s orbital is closure to the nucleus hence it will experience the greatest nuclear charge.
The atomic orbital in which an electron in a bromine atom experience the greatest effective nuclear charge is the 1s atomic orbital.
The electron configuration of bromine is as follows;
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁵.From Coulumb's law of electrostatic forces, the greater the distance between charges, the less is the effective nuclear charge felt.
In essence, the greatest effective nuclear charge in a bromine atom is felt by an electron in the orbital which is closest to the nucleus of the bromine atom.Ultimately, the orbital in a bromine atom which experiences the greatest effective nuclear charge is the 1s orbital.
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Which elements are metals? check all that apply. rhenium (re) boron (b) lithium (li) krypton (kr) phosphorus (p) mercury (hg)?
ANSWER
Lithium, rhenium , mercury , are metals out of given five elements.
As lithium is a alkali metal , rhenium and mercury both are transition metals.
based on the electronic configurations of the metals , they have valence electrons present in their valence shell which are easily available for donation so that they can attain stable electronic configuration and thus they are considered as metals.
boron is a non metal which is the member of group 13 of the periodic table.
krypton is a noble gas which is a member of group 18 of the periodic table.
phosphorus is a non metal member of group 17 of the periodic table.
Isotopes of the same element differ only in the number of electrons they contain. isotopes of the same element don't usually have the same properties.
How did the discovery of isotopes help to lead to a revised model of atomic structure?
Calculate the atomic mass of bromine. The two isotopes of bromine have atomic masses and relative abundance of 78.2 (50.69%) AMU and 80.92 AMU (49.31%)
Which came first the henry g.j moseley atomic model or the niels bohr atomic model?
If the theoretical yield of a reaction is 0.132 g and the actual yield is 0.131 g , what is the percent yield?
How many atoms of ca are present in 8.6 mg? the atomic weight of ca is 40.08 amu?
What is the change in electrical potential energy during the shrinking process? for your own interest, what was the work needed to change the potential energy? what does the work needed to bring this change?
Final answer:
The change in electrical potential energy is equal to the work done to move a charge within an electric field, typically against or by the electric forces. Electrical potential energy can be calculated using the potential difference and the charge amount with the formula U = qV. An electron volt is used to measure energy changes in submicroscopic processes.
Explanation:
The change in electrical potential energy during the shrinking process can be understood as the work done to move a charge within an electric field. The work required to change the potential energy is equal to the change in potential energy of the system. In physics, work needed to bring a change in electric potential energy of a charge is done by or against the electric field. This concept is particularly relevant when considering potential difference and electron volts. The relationship between potential difference and electrical potential energy is that the potential difference (measured in volts) is the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge. An electron volt is a unit of energy that is equal to the energy gained by an electron when it moves through an electric potential difference of one volt. It is used to measure energy in submicroscopic processes. To determine the electric potential energy (U), given the potential difference (V) and the amount of charge (q), the equation U = qV can be used. When it comes to the potential energy itself, we often consider the change in potential energy because it is the change that results in observable physical effects, like the movement of charges or the work done by or against electric forces.
Which of the following theories provides information concerning both molecular shape and bonding?
Identify reactants and products in a chemical reaction
In a chemical equation, reactants are the starting substances, located on the left side, and products are the substances formed, located on the right side. The combustion of methane, for example, has methane and oxygen as reactants and carbon dioxide and water as the products.
Explanation:To understand a chemical reaction, you need to first identify the reactants and products. Reactants are the substances that exist before the chemical reaction takes place and are usually located on the left side of a chemical equation. On the opposite side of the equation, you find the products, which are the new substances formed as a result of the chemical reaction.
For example, in the combustion of methane, methane (CH4) and oxygen (O2) are the reactants, while carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are the products:
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
The chemical equation is balanced by ensuring that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation. This often involves adding coefficients before the chemical formulas of the reactants and products.