The animal species with long gestation periods, large offspring, and numbers close to habitat carrying capacity are called K-selected species. They have fewer offspring but provide extensive parental care. Their strategy contrasts with r-selected species, who produce many offspring but offer little parental care.
Explanation:The animal species that exhibit long gestation periods, give birth to relatively large offspring, and maintain population numbers close to the habitat carrying capacity are known as K-selected species. These species, including many mammals like humans, kangaroos and pandas, as well as certain plants like oak trees, have few offspring during a reproductive event but provide extensive parental care to them.
Despite being larger at birth, the offspring of these species are relatively helpless and require time and care to develop skills needed to compete for natural resources. The investment in long-term parental care exemplified by these species, however, can sometimes come at the expense of their own health.
In ecological theory, this K-selection strategy is contrasted with r-selection, wherein species produce many offspring but provide little to no parental care. The terms k-selection and r-selection refer to the ecological concepts of carrying capacity (K) and intrinsic growth rate (r) respectively.
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