What are 8 elements that are the major components to organic compounds in the environment?

Delta H >0  means reaction is endothermic means energy is added.

Delta H  <  0 means  reaction is exothermic means energy is released.

salt dissolving into water is a physical change because it can be reversed as in chemical change cannot be reversed as in you can boil water and have the salt on the bottom

Answer: physical change

Explanation:

A physical reaction is defined as the reaction in which a change in shape, size takes place. No new substance gets formed in these reactions.

Example: salt dissolves in water, as there is only a change in phase and no new substance is being formed.

A chemical reaction is defined as the reaction in which a change in chemical composition takes place. A new substance is formed in these reactions.

Example: Oxidation of magnesium leads to formation of white magnesium oxide and is a chemical change.

[tex]2Mg+O_2\rightarrow 2MgO[/tex]

I can help you with some of the ions

Cl- : the purpose of this is to alter neuron responsiveness to stimulation; also main component of stomach acid which is important in digestion; shift in erythrocytes

PO43- : forms Ca3(PO4) with Calcium which is important in hardening of bone and teeth; an important component of phospholipids; also a component of nucleotides; the most common intracellular anion; intracellular buffer

Final answer:

Zinc, iron, chloride, ammonium, and phosphate ions respectively contribute to enzyme function, oxygen transport, osmotic balance, acid-base balance, and energy transfer within the human body among other roles, highlighting their physiological significance.

Explanation:

The physiological significance of the ions Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Cl-, NH4+ and PO4³⁻extends across various important functions in the human body. Here we delve into each ion's role to clarify their critical contributions.

Zinc (Zn²⁺) plays a fundamental role in enzyme function, DNA synthesis, and the immune response. Iron (Fe²⁺) is essential for oxygen transport in the blood, as part of hemoglobin, and is also involved in energy metabolism. Chloride (Cl⁻) helps maintain osmotic balance, is part of hydrochloric acid production in the stomach, and assists in electrical activity of neurons. Ammonium (NH⁴⁺) results from protein metabolism and its regulation is vital for maintaining the body's acid-base balance. Phosphate (PO4³⁻ )is crucial for energy transfer within cells, as part of ATP, and contributes to the structure of DNA and RNA.

1 magnesium atom, 1 sulfur atom, 4 oxygen atoms.

Since the leaving ability of the halide ions increasees as the basicity of the halide decreases.

If the basicity of the halide decreases as the its conjugate acid is strong.

Since the pKa value of conjuage acid of haldie is 3, it is a weak acid. So, it halide is not a good leaving group.

Therefore the answer is No, because a good leaving group is the conjugate base of a strong acid. The halide not acidic enough to be a good leaving group.

protons = atomic number = 11
electrons = proton number = 11
neutrons = mass number - atomic number = 23-11 = 12

The number of electron or proton of an atom can change depending on the chemical bond and the other chemical it is bonded with; an atom can either gain or lose electron. However, the number of neutrons of an atom can never change, this is the primary identity or signature of an atom.

 

Answer:

neutrons

Final answer:

In an ordinary chemical or physical change, the protons within an atom remain unchanged. They reside in the atom's nucleus and define the atom's identity. Chemical reactions mostly involve movement of electrons whilst protons remain constant.

Explanation:

In the context of an ordinary chemical or physical change, the particle that remains unchanged within an atom is the proton. Protons, along with neutrons, reside within the nucleus of the atom, and are fundamental to an atom's identity. Each unique element is distinguished by its specific number of protons, known as the atomic number.

Chemical reactions, which are characterized by the rearrangement of atoms, primarily involve the movement of electrons, which constitute the outer part of an atom. Positive charges form when these electrons are lost. However, the number of protons remains constant throughout these changes.

An exception to this rule comes into play with certain nuclear reactions, such as radioactive decay, where the number of protons can change, leading to the formation of a different element. However, these are not considered 'ordinary' chemical or physical changes.

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There are 10 hydrogen atoms that bind and there are 2 pairs of free electrons in the non-binding O atom

Further explanation

Aldehydes are alkane-derived compounds containing carbonyl groups (-CO-) where one bond binds to an alkyl group while another binds to a hydrogen atom.

The general structure is R-CHO with the molecular formula :

[tex]\large{\boxed{\boxed{\bold{C_nH_{2n}O}}}[/tex]

Naming is generally the same as the alkane by replacing the suffix with -al

Butanal or butyraldehyde is an aldehyde which has 4 C atoms

Inside the structure there are 3 atoms involved in bonding:

1. Atom C with 4 valence electrons, requires 4 electrons to reach the octet 2. Atom O with 6 valence electrons, requires 2 electrons to reach the octet 3. Atom H with 1 valence electron, requires 1 electron to reach a duplet

In describing Lewis's structure the steps that can be taken are:

 1. Count the number of valence electrons from atoms in a molecule 2. Give each bond a pair of electrons 3. The remaining electrons are given to the atomic terminal so that an octet is reached 4. The remaining electrons that still exist in the central atom 5. If the central atom is not yet octet, free electrons are drawn to the central atom to form double bonds

In the Butanal structure (C₄H₈O) there is 1 double bond of the functional group (-CHO) between the C atom and the O atom

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Keywords: butanal, aldehyde, Lewis structure, a valence electron

There are [tex]\boxed{10}[/tex] hydrogens and [tex]\boxed2[/tex] lone pairs in the Lewis structure of butanal. (Refer structure in the attached image)

Further Explanation:

The bonding between the different atoms in covalent molecules is shown by some diagrams known as the Lewis structures. These also show the presence of lone pairs in the molecule. These are also known as Lewis dot diagrams, electron dot diagrams, Lewis dot structures or Lewis dot formula. In covalent compounds, the geometry, polarity, and reactivity are predicted by these structures.

Lewis structure of [tex]{\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}}{\left( {{\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}}} \right)_{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{CHO}}[/tex] :

The total number of valence electrons of [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\left({{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}}\right)_2}{\text{CHO}}[/tex] is calculated as,

Total valence electrons = [(4) (Valence electrons of C) + (8) (Valence electrons of H) + (1) (Valence electrons of O)]

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Total valence electrons}}\left({{\text{TVE}}}\right)&= \left[{\left({\text{4}}\right)\left({\text{4}}\right)+\left({\text{8}}\right)\left({\text{1}}\right)+\left({\text{1}} \right)\left({\text{6}}\right)}\right]\\&=30\\\end{gathered}[/tex]

The general formula of aldehyde functional group is [tex]{\text{R}} - {\text{CHO}}[/tex] . The given molecule has also the same formula and therefore the given molecule is an aldehyde.

In [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\left({{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}}\right)_2}{\text{CHO}}[/tex] , the total number of valence electrons is 30. Here, [tex]{{\text{C}}_1}[/tex]  forms two single bonds, one with a hydrogen atom and other with [tex]{{\text{C}}_2}[/tex] . It also forms one double bond with an oxygen atom. [tex]{{\text{C}}_2}[/tex]  forms two single bonds with other two hydrogen atoms and two single bonds with [tex]{{\text{C}}_1}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{C}}_3}[/tex]  separately. [tex]{{\text{C}}_3}[/tex]  forms two single bonds with two hydrogen atoms and two single bonds with [tex]{{\text{C}}_2}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{C}}_4}[/tex] separately. [tex]{{\text{C}}_4}[/tex] forms one single bond with [tex]{{\text{C}}_3}[/tex]  and three single bonds with three hydrogen atoms. Oxygen forms one double bond with [tex]{{\text{C}}_1}[/tex] . Each hydrogen forms a single bond with carbon atoms and therefore 26 electrons are utilized. The remaining four are present in the form of lone pair on the oxygen atom. (Refer to the structure in the attached image)

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Molecular structure and chemical bonding

Keywords: Lewis structure, valence electrons, butanal, CH3(CH2)2CHO, single bonds, double bonds, carbon atom, hydrogen atom, oxygen atom, valence electrons.

should be gas, since it has no volume nor shape.hope this helped

B. data that supports a hypothesis

A stable ion of a period 4 metal typically has 2 valence electrons, but the specific number can vary depending on the element within the period.

How many valence electrons are in a stable ion of a period 4 metal?

In a period 4 metal, the number of valence electrons can vary depending on the specific element. However, many period 4 metals, such as those in Group 2 (e.g., calcium, strontium) and Group 12 (e.g., zinc, cadmium), have 2 valence electrons because they are in the s-block of the periodic table. These metals typically form stable ions by losing these valence electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

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The first thing you will need to do is find some information about your element. Go to the Periodic Table of Elements and click on your element. If it makes things easier, you can select your element from an alphabetical listing.

Use the Table of Elements to find your element's atomic number and atomic weight. The atomic number is the number located in the upper left corner and the atomic weight is the number located on the bottom, as in this example for krypton:

Krypton's data from the Table of Elements

Step 2 - The Number of Protons is...
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom of an element. In our example, krypton's atomic number is 36. This tells us that an atom of krypton has 36 protons in its nucleus.

The interesting thing here is that every atom of krypton contains 36 protons. If an atom doesn't have 36 protons, it can't be an atom of krypton. Adding or removing protons from the nucleus of an atom creates a different element. For example, removing one proton from an atom of krypton creates an atom of bromine.

Step 3 - The Number of Electrons is...
By definition, atoms have no overall electrical charge. That means that there must be a balance between the positively charged protons and the negatively charged electrons. Atoms must have equal numbers of protons and electrons. In our example, an atom of krypton must contain 36 electrons since it contains 36 protons.

Electrons are arranged around atoms in a special way. If you need to know how the electrons are arranged around an atom, take a look at the 'How do I read an electron configuration table?' page.

An atom can gain or lose electrons, becoming what is known as an ion. An ion is nothing more than an electrically charged atom. Adding or removing electrons from an atom does not change which element it is, just its net charge.

For example, removing an electron from an atom of krypton forms a krypton ion, which is usually written as Kr+. The plus sign means that this is a positively charged ion. It is positively charged because a negatively charged electron was removed from the atom. The 35 remaining electrons were outnumbered by the 36 positively charged protons, resulting in a charge of +1.

Step 4 - The Number of Neutrons is...
The atomic weight is basically a measurement of the total number of particles in an atom's nucleus. In reality, it isn't that clean cut. The atomic weight is actually a weighted average of all of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element relative to the mass of carbon-12. Didn't understand that? Doesn't matter. All you really need to find is something called the mass number. Unfortunately, the mass number isn't listed on the Table of Elements. Happily, to find the mass number, all you need to do is round the atomic weight to the nearest whole number. In our example, krypton's mass number is 84 since its atomic weight, 83.80, rounds up to 84.

The mass number is a count of the number of particles in an atom's nucleus. Remember that the nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons. So, if we want, we can write:

Mass Number = (Number of Protons) + (Number of Neutrons)

For krypton, this equation becomes:

84 = (Number of Protons) + (Number of Neutrons)

If we only knew how many protons krypton has, we could figure out how many neutrons it has. Wait a minute... We do know how many protons krypton has! We did that back in Step 2! The atomic number (36) is the number of protons in krypton. Putting this into the equation, we get:

84 = 36 + (Number of Neutrons)

What number added to 36 makes 84? Hopefully, you said 48. That is the number of neutrons in an atom of krypton.

The interesting thing here is that adding or removing neutrons from an atom does not create a different element. Rather, it creates a heavier or lighter version of that element. These different versions are called isotopes and most elements are actually a mixture of different isotopes.

If you could grab atoms of krypton and count the number of neutrons each one had, you would find that most would have 48, others would have 47, some would have 50, some others would have 46, a few would have 44 and a very few would have 42. You would count different numbers of neutrons because krypton is a mixture of six isotopes.

In Summary...
For any element:

Number of Protons = Atomic Number
Number of Electrons = Number of Protons = Atomic Number
Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number
For krypton:

Number of Protons = Atomic Number = 36
Number of Electrons = Number of Protons = Atomic Number = 36
Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number = 84 - 36 = 48

Upon a constant pressure (P), volume (V) of a gas will vary in direct proportion to changes in temperature (T). So V1/T1 = V2/T2
V2 = V1T2/T1 = (500)(300)/150
V2 = 150000/150 = 1000 mL

xmoles (6.022x10^(23)) = number of atoms of water at STP 
I belive thats correct ^,^

Answer:Total atoms in 131.97 liters of water vapor at STP are[tex]1.0643\times 10^{25} atoms[/tex].

Explanation:

At STP, one mole of gas occupies 22.4 L of volume.

Then 131.97 L of the volume will be occupied by:

[tex]\frac{1}{22.4 L}\times 131.97 L=5.8915 moles[/tex]

Number of water vapor molecules :

[tex]Moles\times N_A=5.8915 mol\times 6.022\times 10^{23} mol^{-1}=3.5478\times 10^{24} molecules[/tex]

In 1 molecule of water vapor = 3 atoms

Total number of atoms in [tex]3.5478\times 10^{24} molecules[/tex]:

[tex]3\times 3.5478\times 10^{24} molecules=1.0643\times 10^{25} atoms[/tex]

Total atoms in 131.97 liters of water vapor at STP are[tex]1.0643\times 10^{25} atoms[/tex].

A condensation reaction is described to be a reaction wherein two molecules form an even larger product and consequently produces a smaller molecule as a by-product. For example, when two amino acids are combined, a dipeptide bond is formed. As a result, 1 molecule of water is produced as a by-product.

It should be C.

Rubber.

Final answer:

There are 1.98 × 10^24 sulfur atoms in 1.10 mol of aluminum sulfide.

Explanation:

The formula for aluminum sulfide is Al2S3. To determine the number of sulfur atoms in 1.10 mol of aluminum sulfide, we need to multiply Avogadro's number (6.022 × 1023 mol-1) by the number of moles of sulfur in the compound. In Al2S3, there are 3 sulfur atoms per molecule. Therefore, the number of sulfur atoms in 1.10 mol of aluminum sulfide is 3 × 1.10 × 6.022 × 1023 = 1.98 × 1024.

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Final answer:

In 1.10 mol of aluminum sulfide, there are 1.987 x 10^24 atoms of sulfur, based on the stoichiometry of Al₂S₃ and the use of Avogadro's number.

Explanation:

To determine the number of sulfur atoms in 1.10 mol of aluminum sulfide (Al₂S₃), it's essential to understand the compound's stoichiometry. Aluminum sulfide has a molecular formula of Al₂S₃, indicating that each mole of aluminum sulfide contains two moles of aluminum atoms and three moles of sulfur atoms.

Given 1.10 moles of Al₂S₃, the calculation to find the number of sulfur atoms involves multiplying the number of moles of aluminum sulfide by the ratio of sulfur atoms per mole of aluminum sulfide, then by Avogadro's number (6.022 × 1023 atoms/mol) to convert moles to atoms:

Total moles of sulfur = 1.10 moles Al₂S₃ × 3 moles S/mol Al₂S₃ = 3.30 moles STotal sulfur atoms = 3.30 moles S × 6.022 × 1023 atoms/mol = 1.987 × 1024 atoms of sulfur.

An enzyme can not make a non spontaneous reaction to occur spontaneously; this is because an enzyme does not affect the overall free energy of a reaction. Enzymes only increase the rate at which reactions occur by lowering the activation energy of the reaction.

More, Moon, and lighter, you're welcome

Particles in a plasma experience more collisions than particles in a solid.

Based on their state of matter alone, is it easier to speak of the shape of the Sun or the Moon?   moon

Two unknown substances are in identical beakers. One is a solid and the other is a plasma. If you were given a scale to allow you to obtain the mass of the substance, and had to guess based on mass alone, you would say that the plasma is in the lighter beaker.

There aren't any ions on here, but it will be the ion with a charge of 2+; since electrons have a negative charge, losing one will cause a 1+ charge, losing two will cause a 2+ charge and so on.

Hope this helps :)

Final answer:

An ion from an atom that lost two electrons is a cation with a 2+ charge, such as Ca²⁺ for calcium or Mg²⁺ for magnesium, typically occurring with group 2 elements.

Explanation:

An ion that came from an atom that lost two electrons is known as a cation. This is because when an atom loses electrons it becomes positively charged since it has more protons than electrons. The alkaline earth metals of group 2 in the periodic table are an example of atoms that lose two electrons to form cations with a 2+ charge. When a calcium atom loses two electrons, it forms a Ca²⁺ ion, which is a calcium ion with a 2+ charge. Similarly, a magnesium atom will lose two electrons to form a Mg²⁺ ion, also known as a magnesium ion. These ions have the same number of electrons as the nearest noble gas in the periodic table.

It's a concentrated solution.

Only dissociated substances are written as ions in equations. Dissociated substances must balance numerically, and electrically. The process in which ions leave a solution and regenerate an ionic solid is precipitation. Precipitate insoluble solid formed, dissolution and precipitation are opposite processes.

The highest point of a wave is called the crest. ... Wave height is the vertical distance between the crest and trough. Wavelength is the horizontal distance between waves in a series. Wavelength can be measured between two wave crests.

Answer:

Wavelength

Explanation:

A wave in general, is a disturbance that travels through a point in space. It is composed of a series of alternating peaks and valleys.

Peaks are points along the wave, where its amplitude or displacement from the rest position is maximum in a positive upward direction. These peaks are also referred to as 'crests'. Valleys or 'troughs' are points with maximum displacement in the negative downward direction.

In a water wave (or waves in general), the distance between two crests or peaks is referred to as the wavelength represented by the greek symbol, λ.

Balance the number of atoms of the key element on both sides. Add the appropriate number of electrons to compensate for the change of oxidation state. Add H+(in acid medium), or OH- (in basic medium), to balance the charge on both sides of the half-reactions; and H2O, if necessary, to balance the equations.

Ammonium (NH4)+ gains one additional electron to form it's 1+ charge state. Sulfur, like oxygen, gains two electrons per atom to ionize to a 2- charge state.
To form an electrically stable ammonium sulfide, two ammonium ions combine with one sulfide ion. (NH4)2S
 

Final answer:

To form ammonium sulfide, two ammonium ions are needed to balance the 2- charge of one sulfide ion, resulting in the neutral formula (NH4)2S.

Explanation:

The student's question pertains to why we need two ammonium ions and one sulfide ion to form the chemical formula for ammonium sulfide. The reason is the charge balance. The ammonium ion (NH4+) carries a 1+ charge, and the sulfide ion (S2-) carries a 2- charge. To neutralize the charges, two ammonium ions are required to balance out the double negative charge of a single sulfide ion. Hence, the formula for ammonium sulfide is (NH4)2S. This is a fundamental concept in ionic bonding where charge neutrality must be achieved.

The charge of metal would be +2. Ionic compounds are neutral compounds. It is formed from positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions).

In MF2 is a neutral ionic compound. Therefore, net charge on MF2 is zero. F belongs to halogen family. It gains one electron to get noble gas configuration. So, fluorine has -1 charge.

Hence, charge on metal would be:

Charge of metal + 2*charge of fluorine =0

Charge of metal + 2*(-1) =0

Charge of metal - 2=0

Charge of metal= +2

Thus, we can conclude that, charge of metal in MF2 is +2. i.e., metal loses two electrons to attain noble gas configuration.

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Final answer:

The charge of the M ion in the compound MF2 is -1.

Explanation:

The charge of the m ion in the ionic compound MF2 can be determined based on the charges of the other ions present in the compound. Since F is a Group 17 element and forms an ion with a charge of -1, the charge of the M ion can be calculated using the formula:

2(M) + 2(F) = 02(M) = -2(F)M = -1

Therefore, the charge of the M ion in the compound MF2 is -1.

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water is a universal solvent because it has the ability to dissolve most solvents

Answer:

Water

Explanation:

Density  =  Mass / Volume 

Density  =  2.0g /  5.0ml

Density = 0.4 g/ml

The density of 2.0 g of a substance that has a volume of 5.0 mL is 0.4 g/ml.

What is density ?

The mass of a substance per unit of volume is its density. Density is most frequently represented by the symbol, however the Latin letter D may also be used. Density is calculated mathematically by dividing mass by volume.

How much "stuff" is contained in a specific quantity of space is determined by its density. For instance, a block of the harder, lighter element gold (Au) will be denser than a block of the heavier element lead (Pb) (Au). Styrofoam blocks are less dense than bricks. Mass per unit volume serves as its definition.

Because it enables us to predict which compounds will float and which will sink in a liquid, density is a crucial notion.

Density  =  Mass / Volume

Density  =  2.0g /  5.0ml

Density = 0.4 g/ml

Thus, The density of 2.0 g of a substance that has a volume of 5.0 mL is 0.4 g/ml.

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the answer is true. I get those mixed up to

The atomic mass is measured in "atomic mass units" (amu). One mole of an element weighs the same atomic mass number, but in grams. 
For example, carbon, C, has an atomic mass of 12.011 amu. One mole of carbon has a mass of 12.011 grams. 

Final answer:

The atomic mass of an element in atomic mass units (amu) is numerically the same as the molar mass in grams per mole (g/mol). One mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number of entities and has a mass in grams equal to its atomic or formula mass. This correlation is a fundamental concept in chemistry that allows for conversions among mass, moles, and number of atoms or molecules.

Explanation:

The relationship between an atom's atomic mass and one mole of that atom is represented by the concept of molar mass. Specifically, the atomic mass of an element, expressed in atomic mass units (amu), is numerically equivalent to the molar mass of that element in grams per mole (g/mol). This means that if you have a sample with a mass in grams equal to the atomic mass listed on the periodic table, you have one mole of that element.

For example, the atomic mass of carbon (C) is 12 amu, and therefore, the molar mass of carbon is 12 g/mol. If we have 12 grams of carbon, we have one mole of carbon atoms, which also contains Avogadro's number of atoms, roughly 6.022 × 1023 atoms. This relation provides an essential link between microscopic particles, such as atoms, and macroscopic quantities that we can measure in the laboratory.

Understanding the molar mass allows chemists to convert between mass, moles, and number of atoms or molecules, which is crucial for performing calculations related to chemical reactions and the stoichiometry of compounds.