Was race identified with slavery before the era of European exploration? Why or why not? How did slavery’s association with race change the institution’s character?

Answer:

The WPA.

Explanation:

WPA Works Projects Administration was the principal agency in the context of  New Deal.

The WPA employed  millions of Americans between them there were an important number of women as the housewife.

Most of the searcher comment that almost every community in US had a new park bridge or school that was built by the WPA.  

Osama Bin Ladin, Saddam Hussain and Ayatollah were all Muslims from Middle Eastern countries who believed that the United States have too much influence in the region.

While Osama Bin Ladin and Ayatollah were religious leaders, Saddam Hussain was actually a staunch secularists who believed that religion should be kept aside from politics.

For several decades, all three men remained staunch enemeies of the United States. Ayatollah died of natural causes while Osama bin Ladin was killed by US security forces. Saddam Hussain was captured by US security forces and was hanged.

Answer:

High-risk, high-interest loan.

Explanation:

The classical definition of a subprime mortgage is concerned to borrowers with lower credit ratings and it normally carries a higher interest rate.

It is good emphasize  that these loans  carry higher interest rate justified by the the greater risks associated with buyers that have poor credits.

Indentured servants toiled for items such as clothing, food, shelter, land, and transportation rather than money. When a person is held under chattel slavery, they are treated more like possessions than as workers or servants.

Once slavery was abolished, African Americans and former slaves required work, but many lacked education and financial means to own land. Due to their capacity to get land, clothes, and shelter through their work rather than through the exchange of money.

This action had the effect of keeping freed slaves and African Americans in some manner dependent on people who owned the property because the majority of indentured servants died before the end of their working tenure.

Thus, Indentured servants toiled for items such as clothing, food, shelter, land, and transportation rather than money.

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Answer: the Farmer's Alliance was  

-NOTABLE FOR FEMALE ROLE!

-some served as lecturers (Mary Lease)

-emphasized women related issues (temperance)

Explanation: it has the following vision:

-Leading vechicle of agrarian Protest

-deliniated by region (Southern Alliance, Northwestern Alliance)

-concerned with local problems

- Wanted to build a society where economic competition might give way to cooperation

-argued for society that would allow farmers to resist oppressive outside forces

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Seabury differed from Patriots in his understanding of freedom in that he did not support the independence of the colonies from England. He considered that the search for independence was an act of disobedience to the British crown.

Samuel Seabury (1729-1796) was an American Bishop that belonged to the Protestant Episcopal Church. He published pamphlets inviting Americans not to rebel against the British monarchy. Patriots considered him a loyalist, a supporter of the English crown.

Answer:

the Democrats

Explanation:

In 1828 we had the United States presidential election in which the National Republican candidate, John Quincy Adams, was defeated by Andrew Jackson, the democratic candidate. Andrew is known for being the first president to have won the elections by appealing directly to the mass voters instead of having searched the support of a political organization.

The correct answer is B. Investors made risky investments with borrowed money

Explanation:

In economy, an stock market crash occurs when the stock prices decline dramatically which has effects on the paper wealth, during U.S. history there had been multiple stock market crashes but one of the most important was the one that occurred in 1929 and that led to Great Depression that was a major economic crisis in the U.S. It has been estimated the stock market crash was mainly caused by the multiple credits and the use of money obtained from credits to invest as during this period the economy and society of the U.S. was flourishing and this created overconfidence in investors that decided to get bank credits and invest massively in the stock even when this was risky and some of them had little money, this along with changes in economy led to the stock market crash in 1929. Therefore, the one that was a cause of the stock market crash was that investors made risky investments with borrowed money.

Answer:

Investors made risky investments with borrowed money

Explanation:

Investors made risky investments with borrowed money is a cause of the stock market crash of 1929.

They encouraged colonization by offering headrights to anyone who could pay his own way to Virginia: 50 acres for each passage.

They also used the system of indenture, in which people who did not have money, could pay their passed with a certain number of years of work and with it gain their own land.

At the end, they also turned to African slaves.

The Chesapeake colonists initially used indentured servitude to solve labor problems, but due to its instability, they shifted to racial slavery. This transition from indentured servitude to racial slavery was strategic, aiding in political stability and fulfilling the labor-intensive demands of the growing tobacco industry.

The Chesapeake colonists managed their labor problems primarily through two forms of labor - indentured servitude and racial slavery. Initially, they relied heavily on indentured servants, usually poor Europeans who agreed to work for a certain period in return for transportation to the colonies.

However, events such as Bacon's Rebellion revealed the potential instability of this system. As a result, gradually, the colonists transitioned to a system of racial slavery, first seen in the West Indies and then in the Chesapeake colonies. In this system, Africans were forced into lifelong servitude, a stark contrast to the temporary servitude experienced by indentured servants.

This transition to racial slavery was largely political and strategic - it reduced the risk of alliances between Black and White workers, and eased some divisions among the White population. Over time, the increased reliance on slavery helped the colonies to sustain their growing tobacco industry.

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The election of 1824 was decided in the House of Representatives. The candidates were John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, and Henry Clay.  When the election day came, Andrew Jackson won the plurality of the popular vote and the electoral college, John Quincy Adams came in second and Henry Clay was in fourth place after Crawford.

The problem was that the US Constitution dictates that a candidate needs to win a majority in the electoral college but no one did that, so the House of Representatives needed to decide the matter.

In January 1824 Quincy invited Henry Clay to visit him at his residence and in February Clay made it known that he supported Adams and thanks to his influence, Adams won the vote of the House of Representatives and was elected President of the US.

Andrew Jackson denounced the election as a corrupt bargain because Clay sold his influence to Adams so he could be secretary of state and increase his own chance of being president one day.

Answer:

The rise of a thriving domestic slave trade.

Explanation:

The Slavery Abolition Act was not completely directed to British North America. Its purpose was more intended to disassemble the huge plantation that was located in the tropical colonies of Great Britain, where enslaved people were often more numerous than white colonists. Africans located in British North America were rather isolated and less numerous. Anyways, it was evident that there was no effective way to cut with trade and that the abolition of foreign slave trade even incited domestic slave trade, giving slaves a higher value.

The 1807 abolition of the foreign slave trade led to the rise of a thriving domestic slave trade in the United States. This happened because the demand for slave labor remained high, especially in the South for cotton and tobacco production. Complete abolition of slavery didn't occur until 1865 with the 13th amendment.

The abolition of the foreign slave trade in 1807 led to the rise of a thriving domestic slave trade in the United States. The U.S Congress passed laws prohibiting the foreign slave trade, which essentially meant that no new slaves could be imported into the country. However, this didn't end slavery in the country. Instead, it caused a shift from the foreign slave trade to a domestic one. The demand for slave labor, especially in the cotton and tobacco fields of the Southern states, remained high. As a result, the domestic trade of slaves within the United States boomed. Slavery was not formally abolished in the United States until the 13th amendment was adopted in 1865.

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Answer:

To keep production going by not striking.

Explanation:

On December 15, 1941, a policy against striking in war industries had the absolute vote of the Executive Council of the American Federation of Labor. The attack against Pearl Harbor on December 7th caused the U.S. to declare war on Japan, and soon after on fascist Germany and Italy.  Some days following the attack, Roosevelt met with representatives of labor and industry looking for an agreement over a war labor policy preventing strikes that would affect production during the war.

Answer:

The right of the United States to involve itself in Latin American affairs whenever necessary

Explanation:

The Roosevelt Corollary (1904) was a United State policy in which the American government declared itself with the right to act as international police in the conflicts between European countries and the Western Hemisphere (Latin American countries). This meant that if a European country pressed their claims directly to the countries of the Western Hemisphere (such as large debts and civil unrest) the U.S. would intervene.

The Corollary put a limit to European abuses toward Latin America, it displayed how the United States would take a more aggressive role in the world and it established the U.S.'s right to involve itself in Latin American affairs whenever necessary.

Final answer:

The Roosevelt Corollary established the right of the United States to intervene in Latin American affairs to promote stability and fulfill regional financial obligations, extending the Monroe Doctrine to legitimize potential U.S. intervention.

Explanation:

With the Roosevelt Corollary, President Theodore Roosevelt sought to establish the right of the United States to involve itself in Latin American affairs whenever it was deemed necessary. This policy, articulated in a 1904 address to Congress, extended the Monroe Doctrine by declaring the U.S. as the 'police power' in the Western Hemisphere.

It was a response to fears that financial instability or political turmoil in Latin America might necessitate intervention from 'some civilized nation' to maintain regional stability and uphold international financial obligations.

Roosevelt employed the Corollary to establish protectorates and manage fiscal affairs in nations such as Cuba and the Dominican Republic. It justified U.S. military intervention in the region, often igniting resentment among Latin American nations and being viewed as a guise for economic imperialism. However, the rhetoric surrounding U.S. dominance in the region softened with the advent of the 'Good Neighbor Policy' during the Franklin Roosevelt administration.

1. The internment of Japanese Americans was a move that was should have not happened. It was a move very similar to what were the aggressors of the World War II doing, and the United States were fighting against it, so it made no sense for them to act in that manner. The Japanese citizens were innocent, and they were targeted because of their ethnic background, which makes a racist action against people because of their ancestry and appearance.

2. The Americans did have big fears of the Japanese Americans that they might perform sabotage and espionage for the Empire of Japan, but the fear of something doesn't mean that the people should suffer. There was not a single evidence that the Japanese Americans had any collaboration with the Empire of Japan, but instead they were Americanized, cared for their current nation, and the safety of their families and friends. Considering that, the US acted against the human rights protocols, as it put people in concentration camps because of its fears, even though there was not a single evidence about what they feared.

The U.S. government ordered the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II under Executive Order 9066, based on the fear of espionage. While the Supreme Court upheld this decision, no Japanese Americans were found to have committed disloyal acts. This raises questions about the justification of depriving citizens of their rights.

The U.S. government ordered the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II under Executive Order 9066. This decision was based on the fear of espionage and sabotage by Japanese Americans. While the Supreme Court upheld the government's actions in Korematsu v. United States, it is important to note that none of the interned Japanese Americans were found to have committed disloyal acts. The internment of Japanese Americans raises questions about whether the fear of espionage justifies depriving American citizens of their rights.

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Answer:

Pennsylvania.

Explanation:

The primary goal to reach of Pennsylvania state constitution was to create a more democratic form of government.

It's happened after the American colonies did declare their independence from Great Britain with the declaration of independence.

One of its Highlights was:

The abolishment of a state governor.

Answer:

Pennsylvania

Explanation:

this is because

Answer:

Only men could participate.

Explanation:

Puritans do require a closer reading of scripture, the Church membership required conversion narratives, and stimulated literacy by reading Bible's stories. But they would never segregate women for any reasion.

Puritans special features were:

They believed that reading the Bible was important to achieving salvation and, therefore, teaching children to read was a priority in their colonial posts.

An example of the prominance of religion to the early Puritan colonists.  Literacy levels in the New American colonies far exceeded that in other areas of settlement. Conversion was possible after Baptism and preparation to take this step was required , testimonials were key in this process.

The false statement of the Puritan religion is only men could participate. Puritanism provided Americans a gist of history as an ongoing drama under the direction of God, in which they participated akin to, if not predictively allied with, that of the Old Testament Jews as a new selected people.  

EXPLANATION:

Maybe the most crucial, as Max Weber understood, was the power of Puritanism as a way to overcome the requirements that conflict with Christian ethics in the world at the threshold of modernity. It provided ethics that somehow balanced self-discipline and charity. It advised moderation in psychology that viewed the prosperity of the world as a sign of divine pleasure. Such ethics were very urgent in the New World where the chance was rich, but the moral source authority is unclear.

By the start of the 18th century, Puritanism had declined and demonstrated its tenacity. Although the "New English Way" developed into a relatively small system of establishing religious experience within the broader sphere of America, its central themes were repeated in religious communities related to Quakers, Presbyterians, Baptists, Methodists, and all evangelical Protestant ranges.

More lately, the word “Puritan” has once again turned out to be a pejorative description, meaning squeamish, limited and cold–as in H. L. Mencken’s prominent statement that a Puritan is one who thinks “somewhere someone is having a good time.”  

However, puritanism had a more significant tenacity in American life than as a black-skirt caricature religion. It survived, maybe most strikingly, in the form of secular independence, moral determination, and political localism which, in the Enlightenment, became the definition of Americanism.

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KEYWORDS : Puritan, Americanism, puritanism  

Subject  : History

Class  : College

Sub-Chapter : Puritanism

The Gulag was a system of forced labor camps established during Joseph Stalin’s long reign as dictator of the Soviet Union.

Answer:

Joseph Stalin established Gulags so that criminals, political prisoners, and any citizen in general who opposed the regime in the Soviet Union were subjected to forced labor as punishment for their insubordination.

Explanation:

Gulag is an acronym in Russian for Central Field Administration. These were prison camps where detainees were punished with forced labor, physical and psychological torture.

The Gulags had achieved their success under Stalin from 1929-1953 and declined after the death of the Soviet dictator. However, they were officially abolished only in Gorbachev's government in the 1980s, when the Soviet Union began to open to the world.

Initially, only people considered "enemies of the people" were sent to the Gulags. The first prisoners belonged to specific classes such as the bourgeois, priests, landowners, and royalists. There were also those who were suspected only of their origins as Jews, Chechens, and Georgians.

During the Great Purge, carried out by Stalin between 1934-1939, the profiles of the prisoners changed and any citizen accused of making the slightest criticism of the regime was condemned to the Gulag.

Answer:

Created debts in Central America, years of economic instability, resentment of American’s interference, heightened tensions between Japan and the US.

Explanation:

William Taft was a former President of the US, he had a foreign policy that was committed to the expansion of U.S foreign trade. He pursued a program that was called “dollar diplomacy” that encouraged US investments in South and Central America, the Caribbean and the Far East.

He used government officials to promote American products in those places, especially industrial goods and military hardware.

This forced Latin American nations to become dependent on the dollar to prevent any European intervention. The US shaped Latin American economy to be better suited to the US trade and business interests.

In Honduras, the US established financial control by buying all national debt and made the country dependent on US dollar when Honduras did not agree with that the US sponsored a revolution which installed a pro-US regime that accepted the Dollar Diplomacy.

In Nicaragua the government also refused the Dollar Diplomacy, the US also sponsored a revolution, many private US companies and banks controlled Nicaraguan banks and railroads which made the country to cooperate.

It also influenced China because the US invested in the railway network, which caused many problems with Japan and Russia.

Answer:

It gave the United States land rights in the West Indies. ( First choice)

It is untrue that it granted the United States land rights in the West Indies.

Jay's Treaty, which was signed on November 19, 1794, was a pact between the United States and Great Britain that helped prevent war between the two countries. This resource offers links to other websites, access to digital resources, and a print bibliography.

The treaty was an effort to reconcile American and British disagreements on British efforts to impose trade restrictions on France. The vast majority of American leaders wanted the country to remain neutral soon after Britain and France went to war in 1793.

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Answer:

The relocation of African Americans to Africa

Explanation:

The Antebellum Era was a period in the history of the southern United States that lasted from the late 18th century until the start of the Civil War.

During that period, in this context, colonization referred to the relocation of African Americans to Africa. This happened because the American Colonization Society aimed to solve the debate of slavery in the US by removing free and enslaved African Americans from the US transporting them into Africa.

Thousands of free blacks were transported into what eventually became Liberia, the vast majority of them were transported against their will because they felt themselves to be Americans.

Colonization in the antebellum era refers to the movement advocating for the relocation of African Americans to Africa with the broader goal of ending slavery in the United States through establishing colonies in Africa.

In the context of the antebellum era, colonization refers to the relocation of African Americans to Africa. This movement was part of a broader spectrum of ideas which aimed at gradually ending slavery in the United States by removing the free black population from North America. The colonization movement drew support from various political figures and segments of American society who, for various reasons, supported the establishment of colonies in Africa rather than the emancipation of slaves within the United States.

Key figures like Henry Clay argued for colonization citing 'unconquerable prejudice' against blacks in America, while others like James Madison and Abraham Lincoln also favored this 'repatriation'. The intent behind colonization ranged from seeing it as a solution for racial tensions to an incremental end to slavery, presuming the inherent superiority of whites.

Answer:

D. Melchizedek

Explanation:

Bible scholars  and theologians have argued that Melchizedek offering to Abraham was the blessing for the covenant with God. Melchizedek meet Abraham as Abraham was coming from battle and offered him bread and wine. Abraham had just rescued his nephew Lot who had been captured during war. Melchizedek also blesses him in the name of he most high God. (GENESIS 14)

Answer:

Adults work outside the home while children attend schools

Explanation:

With the Industrial Revolution, the Western societies experienced numerous changes. One of the biggest ones was that the population migrated from the rural to the urban areas, and the density of the population in the city increased significantly. As the migration was caused by the job opportunities in the industry, the people were working in the factories, thus out of home. Since the technology was constantly upgrading, the labor force for the future needed to have certain amount of education, so all the children where provided with education, and for that purpose numerous thousands of schools were open all over these countries.

Answer:

The 13th amendment was a success .

Explanation:

The 13th amendment aimed at prohibiting slavery throughout the United States. And that was a success, slavery was really abolished and the purpose of the amendment was achieved.

However, abolishing slavery did not make blacks equal. The end of slavery did not bring an end to prejudice and racism, but these were not the aims of this amendment. For this reason, we can conclude that the amendment was a success.

The Thirteenth Amendment successfully abolished slavery but faced challenges in achieving full equality amid ongoing racism and discrimination.

The Thirteenth Amendment, ratified in 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States. Its success or failure depends on the perspective from which it is evaluated.

Successes:

1. Legal Abolition of Slavery: The Thirteenth Amendment achieved its primary goal of legally ending the institution of slavery throughout the United States. This was a monumental achievement that marked the culmination of decades of abolitionist efforts.

2. Symbolic and Moral Victory: The amendment represented a significant step forward in recognizing the inherent rights and dignity of African Americans, affirming their freedom and ending the brutal exploitation of slavery.

3. Foundation for Civil Rights Movement: The Thirteenth Amendment laid the groundwork for subsequent civil rights advancements, providing a legal precedent that supported later efforts to secure equal rights and opportunities for African Americans.

Challenges and Limitations:

1. Persistent Racism and Discrimination: Despite the legal abolition of slavery, African Americans continued to face systemic racism, discrimination, and violence. The amendment did not immediately dismantle the pervasive racial inequalities entrenched in American society.

2. Jim Crow Laws and Segregation: After Reconstruction, Southern states enacted Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation and denied African Americans full citizenship rights, undermining the spirit of the Thirteenth Amendment.

3. Economic Exploitation and Inequality: Freed slaves often struggled to secure economic independence and faced exploitation through sharecropping and other labor arrangements that perpetuated economic inequality.

4. Incomplete Legal Protection: The amendment did not explicitly address other forms of racial discrimination, such as voting rights restrictions and segregation in public accommodations, which persisted well into the 20th century.

In conclusion, while the Thirteenth Amendment successfully abolished slavery as an institution and represented a crucial milestone in the struggle for civil rights, its full promise of equality and justice was not immediately realized. The amendment's impact was tempered by ongoing racial discrimination and systemic injustices that continued to affect African Americans long after its ratification. Therefore, while a success in principle and legal terms, the Thirteenth Amendment's effectiveness in achieving full equality was compromised by subsequent challenges and limitations in its implementation and enforcement.

Answer: A graduated income tax on personal wealth.

Explanation:

During the late 19th century, the Knights of Labor supported the development of the working people. Sometimes this meant to act as a labor union to negotiate with employers. However, the Knights of Labor mostly fought for the eight-hour working day, support for cooperative enterprises, eradication of child labor, eradication of convict labor, equal pay for equal work regardless of gender, and several political reformations.

Final answer:

Among the provided options, a graduated income tax on personal wealth was not a key goal of the Knights of Labor; the organization did not advocate for this specific economic policy.

Explanation:

The question asks which of the following was not a key goal of the Knights of Labor. The choices presented were an end to convict labor, a graduated income tax on personal wealth, equal pay regardless of gender, and the creation of cooperative business enterprises. The Knights of Labor was a significant labor organization established in the 19th century that indeed supported the abolition of convict labor, advocated for equal pay regardless of gender, and the establishment of cooperative enterprises where workers could own businesses. However, among the stated options, a graduated income tax on personal wealth was not one of the key goals put forth by the organization.

The correct answer is: "the two main reasons were: llegal liquor-related crimes  and lack of popular support".

The 18th Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified in 1917, and it reflected the success of the temperance movement that had been very active during the previous decades. This amendment banned the production, sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages, acknowledging the negative consequences that consuming alcohol caused in human health and its role as a source of social issues such as poverty.

The 18th Amendment was repealed by the 21st Amendment, ratified in 1933. The main reason was the organized crime groups were enriching themselves smuggling with alcoholic beverages, and many related crimes started to harm the US society. Moreover, the population did not support the prohibition and they did not contribute at all to its proper functioning.

Answer: Sigmund Freud

Explanation: The popularization of Sigmund Freud 's ideas encouraged the new morality of the 1920s. The new morality of the Roaring 20s was influenced by Freud's ideas. They influenced gender, race, and sexuality. According to these new ideas, all individuals were free and equal, regardless of race, or gender. In the 20s women were granted the right to vote. There were many women attending universities. There were some improvements in racial equality for African-Americans. There was also a new vision of women sexuality.

Answer:    Failure to reach agreement on the conduct of free democratic elections by the USSR, which resulted in gradual withdrawal, increased tensions and finally the Cold War

Explanation:  Before the end of WWII when the final victory of the Allies was already evident, the United States and the Soviet Union had some agreements, one of which was the conduct of free democratic elections in all the countries of Europe. As Eastern Europe according to these agreements belonged to the Soviet Interest Zone, the USSR was supposed to carry out the mentioned democratic elections in Eastern Europe. The Soviets did not respect it, guided by the idea of ​​the World Communist Revolution, and imposed communism in Eastern European countries. On the other hand, the Western Allies were afraid of the spread of Communism and they wanted to prevent this. One of the things that has been done on this issue is the formation of the Western European Military Alliance of NATO, along with the Americans. In response, the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact of the Eastern European Satellite States, and thus formed two opposing blocs. As the leaders of these two blocs, two super powers have been singled out, the USSR and the US, of course with their allies, and the relationship that has emerged between them is known as the Cold War period. The Cold War was the proof of world-class assets, political, military, economic. There were no direct military conflicts, but the financial and military support of other smaller states that were at war, so called proxy wars. It was also evident that there was an arms race, then a space race, as well as constant propaganda against the others and the maintenance of constant tension.

The breakdown in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II was due to their conflicting ideologies and goals, leading to the Cold War where both superpowers fought indirectly in an arms race, espionage, and proxy wars.

The breakdown in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II was mainly due to ideological differences, emerging as the two major powers in a bipolar world. Each believed in the superiority of their own political systems and economic ideologies: democracy and capitalism on the US side, and communism on the Soviet side.

The Soviet Union aimed to strengthen its control over Eastern Europe and encourage communist revolution worldwide, viewing the US as an aggressor nation with aspirations for world domination. In contrast, the United States sought to protect and promote democratic governments globally, opposing Soviet influence.

The Cold War ultimately resulted from these conflicting goals. While it involved no direct military confrontation between the two superpowers, it was characterized by espionage, propaganda, political assassinations, and proxy wars. Additionally, it became an arms race with both countries competing to build rampant stockpiles of nuclear weapons.

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Answer:

Amusements Parks.

Explanation:

The pastime for working-class urban dwellers in the years 1870-1900 was the amusement parks.

Brooklyn and Coney Island shoreline consisted  of several different amusement park, the people enjoined animal attractions, large stage productions designed to help them forget the struggles of theirs working day lives.

D) Amusement parks were a popular pastime for working-class urban dwellers, providing an affordable escape from daily routines.

The United States Senator who led the noninterventionists in Congress and called for neutrality legislation in the 1930s was Gerald P. Nye. The Option A.

Gerald P. Nye was a prominent figure in the United States Senate during the 1930s. He played a leading role in advocating for a policy of noninterventionism in international conflicts particularly in the years leading up to World War II.

His efforts were centered around the belief that the United States should avoid involvement in foreign wars and focus on its own interests and concerns.

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Answer:

A) Bracer Program

Final answer:

The Bracero Program was a United States federal initiative that recruited Mexican agricultural workers on temporary contracts from 1942 to 1964, to address labor shortages during World War II.

Explanation:

The program to recruit Mexican agricultural workers during World War II was the Bracero Program. This federal initiative took place from 1942 to 1964 and was a bilateral agreement between the United States and Mexico to bring Mexican nationals into the United States as agricultural laborers on temporary contracts. As U.S. soldiers went to war, there was a shortage of agricultural labor, necessitating this agreement, which was meant to boost food production for the army and allies.

The Bracero Program was signed by representatives from both nations, securing assurances from the U.S. that Mexican workers would be treated fairly. At its peak, this program drew more than 400,000 workers per year and by its end in 1964, approximately 4.5 million jobs had been filled. Despite the opportunities it presented, Braceros were vulnerable due to their non-citizenship status, and this eventually led to significant deportations in 'Operation Wetback' and other government actions during the 1950s.