Vertical columns on the periodic table are called

The four inner planets of our solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

A solar system is a group of celestial bodies, which is constituted of stars, planets, asteroids, and so on.

here,
The four inner planets of our solar system, also known as the terrestrial planets, are,

These four planets are called "terrestrial" because they are rocky and relatively small compared to the outer gas giants, such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. They are also closer to the Sun and have shorter orbital periods than the outer planets.

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Answer:

d. Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop

Explanation:

- When the person starts his/her fall from a certain height h, he/she possesses gravitational potential energy:

[tex]U=mgh[/tex]

where m is the mass of the person, g is the acceleration due to gravity, h is the height.

- During the fall, the height h decreases, while the speed of the person increases, so gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy:

[tex]K=\frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]

where

m is the mass of the person

v is the speed

- Just a moment before hitting the ground, h=0, so all the potential energy has been converted into kinetic energy

- When the person hits the ground, he/she comes a stop: this means that now the speed is zero (v=0), so the kinetic energy is zero as well. This occurs because all the kinetic energy has been converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop. (the work has been done by the ground on the person)

Answer:

C) gravity separated from the unified force, strong force separated from the unified force, inflationary expansion occurred, electromagnetic and weak forces separated from the unified force, quarks and electrons formed

Gravity separated from the unified force, strong force separated from the unified force, inflationary expansion occurred, electromagnetic and weak forces separated from the unified force, quarks and electrons formed.

The big bang theory is a scientific theory that tries to explain the existence of the universe from the earliest known periods through small to large evolution.

In the first moments after the Big Bang, the universe was extremely hot and dense, and matter was formed as the universe cooled.

The formation of the matter is as a result of the following forces;

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Answer:

56 N

Explanation:

Gravitational force on the object:

[tex]F = G\frac{Mm}{d^2}[/tex]

where, G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the planet and m is the mass of the object, d is the distance between the planet and the object.

[tex]F \times d^2= GMm\\ \Rightarrow GMm= (100)(1.5\times10^6)^2[/tex]

d'=d+500 km

[tex]F'=\frac{(100)(1.5\times10^6)^2}{(2\times10^6)^2} = 56.25N[/tex]

Thus, option (c) is correct.

The new gravitational force on the object, when moved 500km farther from the planet, will be closest to 56N. This result is calculated using inverse square law of gravity where the gravitational force decreases with the square of the increase in distance.

The physics concept at work here is the inverse square law of gravity, which states that the gravitational force between two objects decreases with the square of the distance between them. In mathematical terms, it is written as F = G*((m1*m2)/r^2), where F is the force of gravity, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and r is the distance between the centers of the two objects.

In this case, the radius of the planet is 1000 km and the object is 500 km above the surface of the planet, so the total distance (r) is 1500 km. When the object is moved 500 km farther, the new distance will be 2000 km or 4/3 times the original distance. This factor squared is 16/9, so the new gravitational force will be 9/16 of the original force. Therefore, the new gravitational force is 9/16 * 100 N = 56.25 N, so the closest choice is (C) 56 N.

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Answer:

v = √(2 MGh) / R

Explanation:

Assuming that h is much smaller than R, we can say the acceleration of gravity is approximately constant during the fall.

Potential energy = Kinetic energy

mgh = 1/2 mv²

v = √(2gh)

v = √(2 (MG/R²) h)

v = √(2 MGh) / R

During a phase change, the temperature of a substance (c). stays the same.

The temperature remains same during the phase change.

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

The term “change of phase” is similar to “change of state”. When there is a change of substance from a state to the other state or phase, it is known as changes in its state. This change of state occurs due to the change of heat.

When a substance changes the phase, either the heat comes out or goes in the substance. Although there occur a change in the content of heat present in the substance, the temperature will not change. It remains constant.  When ice melts it becomes water and the water vaporizes which becomes water vapour.

Answer:

25 psi

Explanation:

The weight of the car is:

W = mg

W = 1550 kg * 9.8 m/s²

W = 15,190 N

Divided by 4 tires, each tire supports:

F = W/4

F = 15,190 N / 4

F = 3797.5 N

Pressure is force divided by area, so:

P = F / A

P = (3797.5 N) / (0.16 m × 0.14 m)

P ≈ 170,000 Pa

101,325 Pa is the same as 14.7 psi, so:

P ≈ 170,000 Pa × (14.7 psi / 101,325 Pa)

P ≈ 25 psi

The pressure in each tire is ≈ 25 psi which falls within the recommended manufacturer pressure

Given data ;

mass of car ( m ) = 1550 kg

width of tires ( w ) = 16 cm = 0.16 m

length of tires ( l ) = 14 cm = 0.14 m

First step : Determine the Total weight of car

W = m*g  ---- ( 1 )

   = 1550 * 9.8 = 15,190 N

∴ Weight supported by each tire = ( W / 4 )

= 15,190 / 4 = 3797.5 N

Final step : determine the Pressure in the tires

P = F / A  -------- ( 2 )

F ( force ) = 3797.5 N

A ( area ) =  0.14 * 0.16 = 0.0224

back to equation ( 2 )

P = 3797.5 / 0.0224  

   ≈ 170,000 Pa

∴ Pressure in each tire ≈ 25 psi

Hence we can conclude that the pressure in each tire is ≈ 25 psi.

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Answer:

2.5 m/s^2

Explanation:

the formula for acceleration (or the one you use in this case) is a=vf-vi/t

where vf is equal to final velocity, vi is equal to initial velocity, and t is equal to time.

vf= 25 m/s

vi= 0m/s

t=10s       25-0=25, 25/10=2.5 therefore it is 2.5m/s^2

All clocks that keep the correct time have hands that move at the same speeds.  I only have to decide whether the famous clock in London keeps the correct time.  I'm thinking that if it didn't, it wouldn't have gotten to be so famous, or else the people of London would have fixed it by now.  So I'm going to assume that it keeps the correct time.

Since the famous clock in London keeps the correct time, its minute hand makes one complete revolution around the clock's face every hour, and its hour hand makes one complete revolution every 12 hours.  

When we're talking angular speeds, we usually talk in radians.  One complete revolution is an angle of 2π radians.

Minute hand speed:  2π radian/hour

Speed = (2π/hr) x (1 hr/3600 sec)

Speed = 2π/3600 sec

Speed = 1.75 x 10⁻³ radian/sec

Speed = 0.1 degree/sec

Hour hand speed = 2π / 12 hours = π/6 radian per hour

Speed = (π / 6 hour) x (1 hour / 3600 sec)

Speed = 1.45 x 10⁻⁴ radian/sec

Speed = 30 degrees/hour

Speed = 8.3 x 10⁻³ degree/second

The angular speed of the minute hand of a clock is 2π rad/hour, and for the hour hand, it’s 2π rad/12 hours. This calculation comes from dividing the total rotation angle (2π rad) by the time it takes to complete that rotation. This utilizes the principles of rotational motion in Physics.

To find the angular speed of the minute and hour hand on a clock, a concept from Physics, specifically rotational motion, is applied. The angular speed is defined as the change in angle per unit time. In a clock, a complete rotation, which is equal to 360° or 2π radians, takes an hour for the minute hand and 12 hours for the hour hand.

For the minute hand: it completes one rotation (360° or 2π radians) in 60 minutes (1 hour). So, its angular speed ω is equal to the total angle θ divided by the total time t: ω (minute) = θ / t = 2π / 1 hour.

For the hour hand: it completes one rotation in 12 hours. Hence, its angular speed is: ω (hour) = θ / t = 2π / 12 hours.

Please note that this calculation considers a simple ideal case. In real life scenarios, factors such as mechanism quality, temperature, even relativistic effects if the clock moves very fast, like the satellite clocks, can cause slight differences.

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Answer:

Explanation:

“Officially, the decade with the most Category 5 hurricanes is 2000–2009, with eight Category 5 hurricanes having occurred: Isabel (2003), Ivan (2004), Emily (2005), Katrina (2005), Rita (2005), Wilma (2005), Dean (2007), and Felix (2007).”

Answer:

Neptune

Explanation:

"Answer: Pluto is usually farthest from the Sun. However, its orbit "crosses" inside of Neptune's orbit for 20 years out of every 248 years. Pluto last crossed inside Neptune's orbit on February 7, 1979, and temporarily became the 8th planet from the Sun. "

Source:https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question5.html

Explanation:

Momentum before = momentum after

mv + MV = 0

(m) (3.0 m/s) + (3m) (V) = 0

V = -1.0 m/s

The truck was moving at 1.0 m/s before the collision.

The kinetic energy of the car was:

KE = 1/2 m v²

Kcar = 1/2 m (3.0)²

Kcar = 9/2 m

Ktruck = 1/2 M V²

Ktruck = 1/2 (3m) (1.0)²

Ktruck = 3/2 m

Ktruck = 1/3 Kcar

So the truck had 1/3 the kinetic energy of the car.

The Earth takes (365 and 1/4) days to orbit the sun.  That's the length of our 'year'.

Since it's not really possible to make our calendar a quarter of a day longer every year, we make the calendar a whole day longer every 4 years.

So "Leap years" make up for the extra one-fourth day the Earth takes to orbit the sun.

Answer:

Chemical energy is converted to thermal energy and electrical energy.

Explanation:

The sugar present in the apple is broken down into Glucose. This is chemical energy stored in the apple which is broken down into energy which is utilized by body for everyday works. The chemical energy gets converted to thermal energy which warms the body and electrical energy due to which the heart beats.

Answer:

Chemical energy is converted to thermal energy and electrical energy.

Explanation:

Answer:

Let's start by explaining that a material is a good electrical conductor when it allows the flow of electric current without  much resistance.  

This is achieved because the atoms of which the material is composed have electrons in their valence shell, which is the outermost layer where the electrons (the particles responsible for transporting electricity) can be easily detached to form atomic bonds, so there is no need of a huge amount of energy for these electrons to jump from one atom to another and form stable chemical bonds.

This is what happens with metals, because they have an atomic structure so united and stable that when an electric flow passes through it, the electrons in the metal flow unimpeded.

Metals are good conductors because the molecules that are inside the metal are tightly packed together. This is why the heat moves through the metal quickly.

Answer:

20 m/s

Explanation:

In the y direction:

y = y₀ + v₀ᵧ t + ½ gt²

0 m = 45 m + (0 m/s) t + ½ (-9.8 m/s²) t²

t = 3.03 s

In the x direction:

x = x₀ + v₀ₓ t + ½ at²

60 m = 0 m + v (3.03 s) + ½ (0 m/s²) (3.03 s)²

v = 19.8 m/s

Rounded to one sig-fig, the car's velocity was approximately 20 m/s.

Answer: LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)

A laser is a device that works by the principles of optics that emits a monochromatic light beam (of a single wavelength), coherent and with high intensity. Being this possible thanks to the electrical or thermal stimulation of  atoms of a specific material and, on which the color of the emitted light will depend.

Basically, this instrument concentrates the light in a narrow beam and emits it in a concentrated and coherent form.

Explanation:

The frequency of a spring is:

f = 1/(2pi) sqrt(k / m)

If m doubles, then f decreases by a factor of 1/sqrt(2).

Doubling the mass attached to a spring in a frictionless simple harmonic oscillator will decrease the frequency of oscillation by a factor of √2, or approximately 0.7071 times the original frequency.

In a simple harmonic oscillator like the mass-spring system described, the frequency of oscillation is given by f = (1/2π) * √(k/m), where k represents the spring constant and m the mass attached to the spring. If the mass is doubled, the frequency of the oscillation will decrease because the frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass. Therefore, if the mass increases by a factor of two, the new frequency will be f' = (1/2π) * √(k/2m), which is f' = f/√2. This implies that the frequency will decrease by a factor of √2, or approximately 0.7071 times the original frequency.

Answer:

10.2 atm

Explanation:

Use ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

Initial number of moles is:

(2.20 atm) (0.859 L) = n (0.0821 atm L / mol / K) (565 K)

n = 0.0407 mol

At the new volume and temperature, the pressure is:

P (0.268 L) = (0.0407 mol) (0.0821 atm L / mol / K) (815 K)

P = 10.2 atm

We have that the pressure the sample have if the volume changes to 268 ml while the temperature is increased to 815 k is

[tex]P_2=10atm[/tex]

From the question we are told

A sample of gas initially has a volume of 859 ml at 565 k and 2.20 atm. What pressure will the sample have if the volume changes to 268 ml while the temperature is increased to 815 k

Generally the equation for the ideal gas   is mathematically given as

PV=nRT

Where

[tex]\frac{P1V1}{T1}=\frac{P2V2}{T2}[/tex]

Therefore

[tex]P_2=\frac{P1V1T2}{V2T1}\\\\P_2=\frac{2.20*859*815}{268*565}[/tex]

[tex]P_2=10atm[/tex]

THEREFORE

the pressure the sample have if the volume changes to 268 ml while the temperature is increased to 815 k is

[tex]P_2=10atm[/tex]

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Newton wrote . . . F = m a

From that, we can derive . . . a = F/m

a = (18 N) / (35 kg)

a = 0.514... m/s^2

None of the choices says this.

Choice-D is the reciprocal of the correct answer ... the result of doing the division backwards ... m/F .

it is intensity. Option A

Answer:

45 V

Explanation:

Use Ohm's law:

V = IR

V = (3.0 A) (15 Ω)

V = 45 V

Answer:

45V

Explanation:

R=V/I

V=I/R

V=15ohms•3.0 A

V=45V

Answer:

[tex]6.66\cdot 10^{-12}T[/tex]

Explanation:

The magnetic field produced by a current-carrying wire is given by

[tex]B=\frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r}[/tex]

where

[tex]\mu_0[/tex] is the vacuum permeability

I is the current

r is the distance from the wire

In this problem we have

[tex]I=0.040 \mu A=4\cdot 10^{-8}A[/tex]

r = 1.2 mm = 0.0012 m

So the magnetic field strength is

[tex]B=\frac{(4\pi \cdot 10^{-7} H/m)(4\cdot 10^{-8}A)}{2\pi (0.0012 m)}=6.66\cdot 10^{-12}T[/tex]

(a) 1440.5 Hz

The general formula for the Doppler effect is

[tex]f'=(\frac{v+v_r}{v+v_s})f[/tex]

where

f is the original frequency

f is the apparent frequency

[tex]v[/tex] is the velocity of the wave

[tex]v_r[/tex] is the velocity of the receiver (positive if the receiver is moving towards the source, negative otherwise)

[tex]v_s[/tex] is the velocity of the source (positive if the source is moving away from the receiver, negative otherwise)

Here we have

f = 1110 Hz

v = 334 m/s

In the reflector frame (= on surface B), we have also

[tex]v_s = v_A = -28.7 m/s[/tex] (surface A is the source, which is moving towards the receiver)

[tex]v_r = +62.2 m/s[/tex] (surface B is the receiver, which is moving towards the source)

So, the frequency observed in the reflector frame is

[tex]f'=(\frac{334 m/s+62.2 m/s}{334 m/s-28.7 m/s})1110 Hz=1440.5 Hz[/tex]

(b) 0.232 m

The wavelength of a wave is given by

[tex]\lambda=\frac{v}{f}[/tex]

where

v is the speed of the wave

f is the frequency

In the reflector frame,

f = 1440.5 Hz

So the wavelength is

[tex]\lambda=\frac{334 m/s}{1440.5 Hz}=0.232 m[/tex]

(c) 1481.2 Hz

Again, we can use the same formula

[tex]f'=(\frac{v+v_r}{v+v_s})f[/tex]

In the source frame (= on surface A), we have

[tex]v_s = v_B = -62.2 m/s[/tex] (surface B is now the source, since it reflects the wave, and it is moving towards the receiver)

[tex]v_r = +28.7 m/s[/tex] (surface A is now the receiver, which is moving towards the source)

So, the frequency observed in the source frame is

[tex]f'=(\frac{334 m/s+28.7 m/s}{334 m/s-62.2 m/s})1110 Hz=1481.2 Hz[/tex]

(d) 0.225 m

The wavelength of the wave is given by

[tex]\lambda=\frac{v}{f}[/tex]

where in this case we have

v = 334 m/s

f = 1481.2 Hz is the apparent in the source frame

So the wavelength is

[tex]\lambda=\frac{334 m/s}{1481.2 Hz}=0.225 m[/tex]

Answer:

A collision in which both total momentum and total kinetic energy are conserved

Explanation:

In classical physics, we have two types of collisions:

- Elastic collision: elastic collision is a collision in which both the total momentum of the objects involved and the total kinetic energy of the objects involved are conserved

- Inelastic collision: in an inelastic collision, the total momentum of the objects involved is conserved, while the total kinetic energy is not. In this type of collisions, part of the total kinetic energy is converted into heat or other forms of energy due to the presence of frictional forces. When the objects stick together after the collision, the collisions is called 'perfectly inelastic collision'

An elastic collision is where the total kinetic energy and total momentum before and after the collision are conserved. These collisions occur without permanent deformation or energy loss in other forms. This concept is important in physics, particularly in one-dimensional collisions involving atoms.

An elastic collision is a type of collision in which the total kinetic energy and total momentum of the system are conserved. This means that the kinetic energy before the collision is equal to the kinetic energy after the collision, and there is no permanent deformation of the objects involved or conversion into other energy forms like heat or sound. Elastic collisions are particularly relevant in atomic interactions, where collisions between atoms can often be considered elastic.

In one-dimensional collisions, conservation of kinetic energy and momentum allow us to calculate the final velocities of the colliding bodies using their initial velocities and their masses. A common example of nearly elastic collisions in a macroscopic context includes collisions of steel blocks on an icy surface or carts with spring bumpers on an air track, where friction is minimal.

Answer:

10 kg m/s

Explanation:

Due to the law of conservation of momentum, the total momentum after the collision must be equal to the total momentum before the collision.

The momentum of each ball is given by:

p = mv

where m is the mass of the ball and v its velocity.

The momentum of ball 1 is:

p = mv = (2.0 kg)(3.0 m/s) = 6.0 kg m/s in the eastward direction

The momentum of ball 2 is:

p = mv = (4.0 kg)(2.0 m/s) = 8.0 kg m/s in the northward direction

The two momenta are in perpendicular directions, so the magnitude of the total momentum can be found as:

[tex]p=\sqrt{p_1^2 + p_2^2 }= \sqrt{(6.0 kg m/s)^2 + (8.0 kg m/s)^2}=10 kg m/s[/tex]

and due to the law of conservation of the momentum, this is also equal to the total momentum after the collision.

The magnitude of the momentum of this system just after the collision is about 10.0 kg.m/s

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

Let's recall Impulse formula as follows:

[tex]\boxed {I = \Sigma F \times t}[/tex]

where:

I = impulse on the object ( kg m/s )

∑F = net force acting on object ( kg m /s² = Newton )

t = elapsed time ( s )

Let us now tackle the problem!

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

Given:

mass of first ball = m₁ = 2.0 kg

velocity of first ball = v₁ = 3.0i m/s

mass of second ball = m₂ = 4.0 kg

velocity of second ball = v₂ = 2.0j m/s

Asked:

magnitude of the final momentum = p = ?

Solution:

We will use Conservation of Momentum formula to solve this problem:

[tex]\texttt{Total Momentum Before Collision = Total Momentum After Collision}[/tex]

[tex]m_1 v_1 + m_2 v_2 = \overrightarrow{p}[/tex]

[tex]2.0 ( 3.0\ \widehat{i} ) + 4.0 ( 2.0 \ \widehat{j} ) = \overrightarrow{p}[/tex]

[tex]\overrightarrow{p} = 6.0 \ \widehat{i} + 8.0 \ \widehat{j}[/tex]

[tex]|\overrightarrow{p}| = \sqrt{ 6.0^2 + 8.0^2 }[/tex]

[tex]|\overrightarrow{p}| = 10.0 \texttt{ kg.m/s}[/tex]

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

Grade: High School

Subject: Physics

Chapter: Dynamics

Plants absorb sunlight to fuel the process of photosynthesis, converting this light energy into chemical energy to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis by absorbing sunlight. This light is captured primarily through their leaves, specifically, the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts, which converts light energy into chemical energy, a procedure known as light-dependent reactions.

This energy is then used to generate glucose from carbon dioxide and water in a process commonly referred to as the 'light-independent reactions', or the Calvin cycle.

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Explanation:

Condensation is the process of changing the physical state of matter, from gas to liquid state. During condensation of matter, the physical state of the matter changes. Now in this question it is asked that what happens to the steam during the process of condensation. So steam is the matter, and during this process, steam converts its molecules from gaseous to the liquid state without heating. After this process, the steam is converted back to its liquid state. The liquid now take less space than that of the gas and exert less pressure on the walls of the container.

Let's start by explaining that 1 Calorie ([tex]1 cal[/tex]) is defined as a unit of thermal energy that is equivalent to the amount of heat ([tex]Q[/tex]) needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram [tex]1g[/tex] of water by 1 degree Celsius [tex]1\°C[/tex].

The formula to calculate it is:

[tex]Q=m. c. \Delta T[/tex]   (1)

Where:

[tex]m[/tex]  is the mass

[tex]c[/tex]  is the specific heat of the element. In the case of water [tex]c=1cal/g[/tex]

[tex]\Delta T[/tex]  is the variation in temperature, which in this case is  [tex]\Delta T=70\°C-30\°C=40\°C[/tex]  

Rewriting equation (1) with the known values:

[tex]Q=(105g)(1 cal/g)(40\°C)[/tex]  

[tex]Q=4200 cal[/tex]