Using the table of average bond energies below, the delta h for the reaction is

We start with

1KClO3→KCl+O2

Balance K :

We have 1 K on the left, so we need 1 K on the right. We put a 1 in front of the KCl .

1KClO3→1KCl+O2

Balance Cl :

Cl is already balanced, with 1 Cl on each side.

Balance O :

We have 3 O atoms on the left and only 2 on the right. We need 1½ O2 molecules on the right. Uh, oh! Fractions!

We start over with a 2 as the coefficient.

2KClO3→2KCl+O2

Now we have 6 O atoms on the left. To get 6 O atoms on the right, we put a 3 in front of the O2 .

2KClO3→2KCl+3O2

Every formula now has a fixed coefficient. We now should have a balanced equation.

The balance chemical equation for the equation: KClO₃ -> KCl + O₂ is

2KClO₃ -> 2KCl + 3O₂

The balanced chemical equation for the equation KClO₃ -> KCl + O₂ can be obtained as illustrated below:

KClO₃ -> KCl + O₂

There are 2 atoms of O on the right side and 3 atoms on the left. It can be balanced by writing 2 before KClO₃ and 3 before O₂ as shown below:

2KClO₃ -> KCl + 3O₂

There are 2 atoms of K on the left side and 1 atom on the right. It can be balanced by writing 2 before KCl as shown below:

2KClO₃ -> 2KCl + 3O₂

Now, we can see that the equation is balanced as the number of atoms of each elements are equal on both sides of the equation.

Learn more about balancing equation:

https://brainly.com/question/12192253

#SPJ6

Final answer:

Mixing solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulfate results in a precipitation reaction, forming insoluble barium sulfate and soluble sodium chloride. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2 NaCl(aq). The net ionic equation simplifies to Ba2+(aq) + SO42−(aq) → BaSO4(s).

Explanation:

Barium Chloride and Sodium Sulfate Reaction

When aqueous solutions of barium chloride (BaCl2(aq)) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4(aq)) are mixed, a precipitation reaction occurs producing barium sulfate and sodium chloride.

The word equation for this reaction is:

Barium chloride + Sodium sulfate → Barium sulfate + Sodium chloride

The balanced chemical equation is:

BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

In the chemical equation, solid barium sulfate (BaSO4) is the precipitate, indicating a chemical change has occurred. Understanding solubility rules is key to predicting that barium sulfate is insoluble in water and will precipitate from the mixture.

The complete ionic equation for this reaction would show all the ions that are present in solution separately. Since BaSO4 is insoluble, it will not dissociate into ions:

Ba2+(aq) + 2Cl−(aq) + 2Na+(aq) + SO42−(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl−(aq)

The net ionic equation omits the spectator ions (in this case, Na+ and Cl−) and includes only the ions involved in the formation of the precipitate:

Ba2+(aq) + SO42−(aq) → BaSO4(s)

The molecular formula C8H8 might represent a cyclic compound where carbon atoms are linked in an 8-membered ring, with each carbon atom being bonded to two other carbon atoms and a hydrogen atom, maintaining the tetravalency of carbon.

The compound you mentioned, C8H8, does not fit with the typical hydrocarbon pattern which typically results in hydrocarbons like alkanes having a general formula of CnH2n+2. However, since the question stated clearly that there are no double or triple bonds and all carbon atoms are identical, there's a possibility that the compound is a cyclic structure. Let's consider a structure where carbon atoms are linked in a cyclic form, forming an 8-membered ring. Each carbon atom in this ring will form two bonds with two other carbon atoms and the remaining two bonds will be with hydrogen atoms. In this way, each carbon atom will maintain its tetravalency (4 bonds per carbon atom), and there will be 8 hydrogen atoms, exactly fitting the given formula C8H8. To draw the Lewis structure, arrange 8 carbon atoms in a ring and attach a hydrogen atom to each carbon atom. Remember, each line represents a single bond between atoms.

https://brainly.com/question/20300458

#SPJ12

The request for a Lewis structure of C8H8 without double or triple bonds and with all carbon and hydrogen atoms being chemically identical suggests an unusual compound that contradicts common organic chemistry principles, hence a conventional structure cannot be provided.

The student is asking for a Lewis structure of a compound with the formula C8H8 that does not contain any double or triple bonds. Given that all carbon and hydrogen atoms in this compound are chemically identical, this suggests a cyclic structure where each carbon atom is bound to two other carbons and a single hydrogen atom, forming a ring. The best structure fitting this description would be cyclooctatetraene, although it has alternating single and double bonds, which contradicts the no double or triple bonds condition.

However, considering the compound has no double or triple bonds, the compound would be highly unusual and not in line with standard organic chemistry principles. All carbon atoms making four bonds is a fundamental concept in organic chemistry, which leads to the conclusion that either the information given in the question is incorrect or it is a highly unconventional compound not typically covered in standard chemistry curricula. Therefore, without double or triple bonds, the compound's structure cannot be satisfactorily drawn while adhering to typical valency rules.

https://brainly.com/question/20300458

#SPJ2

Final answer:

The octet rule states that atoms are most stable with eight electrons in their valence shell, guiding their chemical behaviors such as forming covalent or ionic bonds. However, there are exceptions to the rule, including hydrogen and transition metals.

Explanation:

The concept of the octet rule is fundamental in chemistry. It refers to the tendency of atoms to achieve a valence shell with eight electrons, which is the most stable arrangement for most main group elements. This principle guides the formation of chemical compounds and helps predict the behavior of atoms during chemical reactions. Atoms can reach an octet by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons through ionic or covalent bonding. For example, oxygen needs two additional electrons to complete its valence shell and can achieve this by forming covalent bonds in water (H₂O).

However, there are exceptions, such as hydrogen, which is stable with two valence electrons, and transition metals that do not typically follow the octet rule. Cations are positive ions formed when an atom loses valence electrons to reveal a lower, full octet shell. Understanding the octet rule is vital for comprehending how elements form stable molecules and compounds.

Answer:

Answer is physical change

Explanation:

I took the test and got the answer right

No new substance is created during a physical change, and the substance's chemical makeup stays the same. Physical characteristics, such as shape and size, vary. Here the melting of ice cream is a Physical change. The correct option is C.

The physical state of ice cream has only changed from solid to liquid (a physical change), and this change only lasts until the melted ice cream begins to cool (a temporary change). This means that melting ice cream is a reversible, temporary, and physical change.

Ice dissolves by an endothermic mechanism. Ice needs some heat to melt because the warmth will cause connections to dissolve when absorbed. When a solid reaches its freezing point, its ions or molecules disintegrate, causing its molecules to become loosely packed.

Thus the correct option is C.

To know more about physical change, visit;

https://brainly.com/question/28742279

#SPJ6

The number of moles is simply calculated by taking the ratio of mass over the molar mass. The molar mass of silver nitrate AgNO3 is 169.87 g/mol. Therefore:

number of moles AgNO3 = 100 g / (169.87 g/mol)

number of moles AgNO3 = 0.59 moles

Since the Carbon C is 17.39% by mass hence the Fluorine F is 82.61% by mass. Divide each mass % by the respective molar masses, that is:

C = 17.39 / 12 = 1.45

F = 82.61 / 19 = 4.35

Divide the two by the smaller number, so divide by 1.45

C = 1.45 / 1.45 = 1

F = 4.35 / 1.45 = 3

So the empirical formula is:

CF3 

one gene or the other, B or b that is the answer for study island

Final answer:

To find the new volume of the gas, we can use Boyle's Law, which states that if temperature and amount are constant, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. Using the equation P1V1 = P2V2 and substituting the given values, we find that the final volume will be approximately 39.6 L.

Explanation:

To solve this problem, we can use Boyle's Law, which states that if the temperature and amount of gas are kept constant, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional.

We can use the formula:

P1V1 = P2V2

Where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume.

Substituting the given values, we have:

(1.8 atm)(22.0 L) = (1.0 atm + (-0.8 atm))(V2)

Solving for V2, we find that the final volume will be approximately 39.6 L.

To find the new volume after a pressure reduction and temperature decrease, convert the temperatures to Kelvin and use the combined gas law, showing that the initial and final states of the gas can be related by (P1V1T2) = (P2V2T1). Insert the known values into the equation and solve for the new volume, V2.

To calculate the new volume of a gas when the pressure and temperature change, we can use the combined gas law which relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. The combined gas law is expressed as (P1V1T2) = (P2V2T1) where P is pressure, V is volume, and T is temperature in Kelvin.

To solve the student's question, first convert the temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15: 26.4°C + 273.15 = 299.55 K and 20.3°C + 273.15 = 293.45 K. Now, insert the values into the combined gas law equation:

 (P1V1T2) = (P2V2T1),

 (1.8 atm × 22.0 L × 293.45 K) = ((1.8 atm - 0.8 atm) × V2 × 299.55 K),

 Solve for V2, the new volume of the gas after pressure and temperature changes.

Final answer:

The empirical formula for a compound with 0.130 g of nitrogen and 0.370 g of oxygen is found by converting grams to moles, getting the simplest ratio, and ensuring whole numbers, which results in N₂O₅.

Explanation:

To determine the empirical formula of a compound from the given masses of nitrogen and oxygen, we first need to convert these masses to moles. For nitrogen, 0.130 grams divided by its molar mass (approximately 14.01 g/mol) equals approximately 0.00928 moles. For oxygen, 0.370 grams divided by its molar mass (approximately 16.00 g/mol) equals approximately 0.0231 moles. Next, we divide the number of moles of each element by the smallest number of moles to find the simplest ratio of the elements.

In this case, dividing both by 0.00928 moles, we get a ratio of about 1 mole of nitrogen to 2.5 moles of oxygen. Since we want whole numbers for the empirical formula, we multiply both by 2 to get approximately 2 moles of nitrogen for every 5 moles of oxygen, giving us N₂O₅ as the empirical formula.

Answer:

As acebutolol is made into its hydrochloride and in that particular case,saturated liquid is no soluble in unsaturated solution,therefore its solubility is increase in the water.

Final answer:

Approximately 6.808 moles of dipyrithione contain 8.2 x 10²⁴ atoms of nitrogen, given that dipyrithione contains 2 nitrogen atoms per molecule.

Explanation:

To find out how many moles of dipyrithione contain 8.2 x 10²⁴ atoms of Nitrogen (N), we first need to know the chemical formula of dipyrithione. But for the purpose of this exercise, let's assume it's a compound containing 2 N atoms per molecule (as with the common structure many pyrithione based compounds have). We'll use Avogadro's number (NA = 6.022 x 1023 mol-1) to calculate the moles of N in dipyrithione.

Since 1 mole of a substance contains Avogadro's number of particles (atoms in this case), 8.2 x 10²⁴atoms of N will be:

Number of moles (n) = Number of particles (N) / Avogadro's number (NA)

n = (8.2 x 10²⁴ atoms of N) / (6.022 x 10²³mol⁻¹)

n ≈ 13.616 moles of N

However, each molecule of dipyrithione has 2 N atoms, so we need to halve the amount of moles of N to find the moles of dipyrithione:

n(Dipyrithione) = n(N) / 2

n(Dipyrithione) ≈ 13.616 moles of N / 2

n(Dipyrithione) ≈ 6.808 moles of dipyrithione

Therefore, approximately 6.808 moles of dipyrithione contain 8.2 x 10²⁴ atoms of N.

Answer: Option (d) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

A physical property is a property that does not change the chemical composition of a substance.

For example, mass, density, boiling point etc are all physical properties.

It is known that density is  the ratio of mass per unit volume.

Mathematically,      Density = [tex]\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]

Hence, we can conclude that out of the given options density is the physical property that would tell you about an element's mass per unit volume ratio.

The electronic configuration of nitrogen is

1s2 2s2 2p3

Now during formation of double bond there will be formation of a pi bond

The nitrogen will undergo sp2 hybridization. One extra p orbital will form pi bond by side ways overlapping

the two sp2 hybridized orbital will form sigma bond with two atoms

the third sp2 hybridized orbital will have one lone pair of electrons .

The hybridization around nitrogen when it forms a double bond is [tex]\boxed{s{p^2}}[/tex] .

Further explanation:

Prediction of hybridization:

The hybridization can be determined by calculating the number of hybrid orbitals (X) which is formed by the atom. The formula to calculate the number of hybrid orbitals (X) is as follows:

 [tex]\boxed{{\text{X = }}\frac{1}{2}\left[ {{\text{VE}} + {\text{MA}} - c + a}\right]}[/tex]

Where,

Note: In MA only monovalent species should be considered and for divalent atoms or groups MA is equal to zero.

Generally, the least electronegative atom is considered as the central atom. Calculate the hybridization as follows:

1. If the value of X is 2 then it means two hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is sp.

2. If the value of X is 3 then it means three hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is [tex]s{p^2}[/tex] .

3. If the value of X is 4 then it means four hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is [tex]s{p^3}[/tex].

4. If the value of X is 5 then it means five hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is [tex]s{p^3}d[/tex].

5. If the value of X is 6 then it means six hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is [tex]s{p^3}{d^2}[/tex] .

The ground state electronic configuration for nitrogen (N) is,

 [tex]1{s^2}2{s^2}2{p^3}[/tex]

Therefore, the valence electrons associated with nitrogen (N) atom are 5.

The two electrons of nitrogen are involved in the formation of the double bond and the electron present in 2s subshell will remain as the lone pair on nitrogen atom. There is only one electron left on the nitrogen atom out of five, and therefore the total number of monovalent atoms that can surrounding the central atom (MA) is 1.

Since the molecule is a neutral species and thus the value of a and c is 0.

Substitute these values in the above formula.

 [tex]\begin{aligned}\text{X}&=\dfrac{1}{2}[5+1-0+0]\\&=\dfrac{1}{2}[6]\\&=\boxed{3}\end{aligned}[/tex]

Since the value of X is 3, it means 3 hybrid orbitals are to be formed and therefore the hybridization of nitrogen is [tex]{\mathbf{s}}{{\mathbf{p}}^{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex] .

Learn more:

1. Molecular shape around the central atoms in the amino acid glycine: https://brainly.com/question/4341225

2. What causes water molecules to have a bent shape? https://brainly.com/question/1979769

Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Covalent bonding and molecular structure

Keywords: hybridization, nitrogen, ground state electronic configuration, sp2, valence electrons, monovalent atoms, VE, MA, a, c, X, 5, 0, N, least electronegative, central atom.

Geologists primarily use seismic wave studies to gain indirect knowledge about Earth’s interior. Signals from these waves, recorded by seismographs, draw an image of the planet's internal structure, including its composition, temperature, and the nature of different layers.

Geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth’s interior by d. recording and studying seismic waves. Similar to how sound waves travel through a struck bell, seismic waves move through a planet, providing valuable insight into its composition and structure. Depending on the materials seismic waves travel through, their paths bend (or refract), just as light waves do in telescope lenses. By monitoring and analyzing these wave patterns in a network of seismographs, scientists can construct a model of Earth's interior.

One significant observation is that shear or transverse waves, which cannot travel through liquid, aren’t transmitted through the Earth's core. Yet, longitudinal compression waves can pass through liquid and are therefore detectable throughout the Earth’s core. This information helps to estimate the temperature and state of matter within the Earth’s interior. Hence, seismic studies become a crucial tool for unlocking the secrets of our planet's interior.

https://brainly.com/question/6835759

#SPJ6

To get the answer, you must know first the formula for heat.

Heat = mass X specific heat X change in temp 

We know that the mass is 600

Specific heat is 1

And the change in temperature is 70 – 25 which is 45.

Now plugging in those values:

Heat = 600 x 1 x 45 = 27,000 calories

Note: calorie is a unit of heat

The solvent in the developing tank is only 1/2 cm high and the samples are spotted at 3 cm.

The spots should always be above the level of solvent. If the spots are below the level of solvent, then the sample spot will dissolve or wash off in the solvent much before traveling in the Thin layer chromatography plate. So the sample will not separate out and the purpose of Thin layer chromatography will not be fulfilled.

Hence separation of components of sample mixture will not happen.

The spots should always be above the solvent, so that when the solvent move up through capillary action, the solvent comes in contact with the sample mixture and carries it up. As different component travel with different speed , so separation takes place.

From the given chemical equation we see that 43 kcal of energy is needed for every 2 moles of NO. First let us calculate the moles of NO with a molar mass of 30 g/mol.

moles NO = 112 g / (30 g/mol) = 3.73 mol

So the total heat absorbed is:

heat = (43 kcal / 2 mol) * 3.73 mol

heat = 80.195 kcal

Upon oxidation, an aldehyde is converted into a carboxylic acid. This process involves the addition of an oxygen atom to the carbon-oxygen double bond of the aldehyde, transforming it into a carboxyl group while preserving the carbon chain length.

The oxidation of an aldehyde leads to the formation of a carboxylic acid. When an aldehyde, which contains at least one hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon, undergoes oxidation, a carboxylic acid is produced. This transformation occurs because the oxidation process increases the oxidation state of the carbonyl carbon by incorporating an additional oxygen atom, converting the carbon-oxygen double bond into a carboxyl group (COOH). This chemical reaction is significant in both laboratory and biological contexts, as it transforms a relatively simple organic molecule into a more complex and functional one.

The process can be summarized as the conversion of an aldehyde group (-CHO) into a carboxyl group (-COOH), retaining the same number of carbon atoms in the backbone of the molecule. This reaction is facilitated by various oxidizing agents, and it underscores the chemical reactivity of aldehydes compared to other functional groups, such as ketones, which do not further oxidize under mild conditions.

To know the answer, determine first the mass of the copper used:

Copper used = 100 pennies x 3.0g Cu per penny = 300.0 g Cu 

then, determine the pathway and molar ratio from Cu formed back to CuFeS2 required using the balanced reactions:

1 Cu2S from 2 CuS; 2Cu from 1 Cu2S; 2CuS from 2CuFeS2 
Therefore 2Cu from 2CuFeS2, they are in a one to one molar ratio. 

then, convert g Cu to moles and g of CuFeS2:
= 300.0 g Cu * 1 mol Cu/63.546g Cu * 2 mol CuFeS2/2 moles Cu

= 4.72 moles CuFeS2 

chalcopyrite had to be mined = 4.72 moles CuFeS2 * 183.54 g CuFeS2/1 mole CuFeS2 = 866.49 g CuFeS2

The amount of chalcopyrite that had be mined to produce 100 pennies is  [tex]\boxed{{\text{866}}{\text{.49g}}}[/tex].

Further explanation:

Stoichiometry of a reaction is used to determine the amount of species present in the reaction by the relationship between the reactants and products. It can be used to determine the moles of a chemical species when the moles of other chemical species present in the reaction is given.

Consider the general reaction,

[tex]{\text{A}}+2{\text{B}}\to3{\text{C}}[/tex]

Here,

A and B are reactants.

C is the product.

One mole of A reacts with two moles of B to produce three moles of C. The stoichiometric ratio between A and B is 1:2, the stoichiometric ratio between A and C is 1:3 and the stoichiometric ratio between B and C is 2:3.

The elemental copper that exists in its native state can be mined from its naturally occurring oxide or sulfide minerals. To extract copper from chalcopyrite certain reactions sequence is followed. First, the chalcopyrite is converted to its copper sulfide by the following reaction:

[tex]2{\text{CuFe}}{{\text{S}}_2}+3{{\text{O}}_2}\to2{\text{CuS}}+2{\text{FeO}}+2{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_2}[/tex]

In the second step, the ferrous oxide thus formed is then treated with silica as follows:

[tex]2{\text{FeO}}+{\text{Si}}{{\text{O}}_2}\to2{\text{FeSi}}{{\text{O}}_3}[/tex]

In the third step, the copper sulfide decomposes as shown below:

[tex]2{\text{CuS}}\to{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}_2}{\text{S}}+{\text{S}}[/tex]

In the final sequence of the reaction, the [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}_2}{\text{S}}[/tex] formed undergoes following oxidation to form elemental copper.

[tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}_2}{\text{S}}+{\text{S}}\to{\text{2Cu}}+2{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_2}[/tex]

From these reactions, it is the evident that 2 moles of [tex]{\text{CuFe}}{{\text{S}}_2}[/tex] forms 2 moles of elemental copper. Therefore the molar ratio of the combination of Cu and [tex]{\mathbf{CuFe}}{{\mathbf{S}}_{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex] is 1:1.

Since one penny contains 3 g of Cu hence the mass of copper in 100 pennies is calculated as follows:

[tex]\begin{gathered}{\text{Mass of Cu}}=\left({\frac{{3\;{\text{g}}}}{{1\,{\text{penny}}}}}\right)\left({100\;{\text{pennies}}}\right)\\=300\;{\text{g}}\\\end{gathered}[/tex]

Using the mass of copper and the molar mass we would determine the number of moles of copper by applying the following formula.

[tex]{\text{Number of moles}}=\frac{{{\text{Given mass}}}}{{{\text{Molar mass}}}}[/tex]                             …… (1)

The given mass is [tex]300{\text{g}}[/tex].

The molar mass is [tex]{\text{63}}{\text{.546g/mol}}[/tex].

Substitute the values in equation (1).

 [tex]\begin{gathered}{\text{Number of moles}}=\frac{{300.0{\text{g}}}}{{{\text{63}}{\text{.546g/mol}}}}\\=4.72099{\text{mol}}\\\end{gathered}[/tex]

The molar ratio of combination of Cu and [tex]{\text{CuFe}}{{\text{S}}_2}[/tex] is 1:1, so the number of moles of [tex]{\mathbf{CuFe}}{{\mathbf{S}}_{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex] is 4.72099 mol.

The moles of [tex]{\text{CuFe}}{{\text{S}}_2}[/tex] calculated can be used to determine the corresponding mass in grams. The formula to calculate the mass is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Mass of CuFe}}{{\text{S}}_2}=\left({{\text{moles of CuFe}}{{\text{S}}_2}}\right)\left({{\text{molar mass of CuFe}}{{\text{S}}_2}}\right)[/tex]  …… (2)

The moles of [tex]{\text{CuFe}}{{\text{S}}_2}[/tex]is [tex]4.72099{\text{ mol}}[/tex].

The molar mass of [tex]{\text{CuFe}}{{\text{S}}_2}[/tex]is[tex]183.54{\text{g/mol}}[/tex].

Substitute the values in equation (2).

 [tex]\begin{gathered}{\text{Mass of CuFe}}{{\text{S}}_2}=\left({4.72099{\text{ mol}}}\right)\left({183.54{\text{g/mol}}}\right)\\=866.49{\text{g}}\\\end{gathered}[/tex]

Learn more:

1. Statement about subatomic particle: https://brainly.com/question/3176193

2. The net ionic equation for the reaction of [tex]{\text{MgS}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}[/tex] with [tex]{\text{Sr}}{\left({{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_3}}\right)_2}[/tex] : https://brainly.com/question/4357519

Answer details:

Grade: College

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Mole concept and stoichiometry

Keywords: copper, penny, pennies, CuFeS2, stoichiometry, O2, moles, mass, S and Cu2S.

The statement is true as a 1s electron in a Be atom has a greater effective nuclear charge (Zeff) than a 2s electron due to less shielding and being closer to the nucleus.

The statement that in a Be atom a 1s electron has a greater Zeff than a 2s electron is true. The concept of effective nuclear charge (Zeff) describes the net positive charge experienced by an electron in an atom. Since the 1s electron is closer to the nucleus than the 2s electron, it experiences less shielding and therefore feels a greater Zeff. Electrons in the 1s orbital effectively shield the 2s electrons from the nuclear charge, leading to a higher Zeff for the 1s electron. The greater penetration of the 1s electron (due to its proximity to the nucleus) results in a stronger attraction to the nucleus and a higher Zeff.

We use the formula for root-mean-square speed and the given stratospheric temperature to calculate the average speeds of N2, O2, and O3 molecules.

The root-mean-square (rms) speed of a gas molecule can be calculated using the formula: rms speed = sqrt(3kT/m), where k is Boltzmann's constant (1.38 x 10^-23 J/K), T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin, and m is the molar mass of the gas in kilograms per mole.

Firstly, we convert the temperature from °C to K: -24°C = 249.15K.

Then, calculate the rms speed for each molecule, given the molar masses of N2=28.01 g/mol, O2=32 g/mol, and O3=48 g/mol, but convert these molar masses to kg/mol: N2=28.01 x 10^-3 kg/mol, O2=32 x 10^-3 kg/mol, O3=48 x 10^-3 kg/mol.

By inserting these values into formula, we can determine the rms speed for N2, O2, and O3 molecules at a temperature of -24°C in the stratosphere. This will give us the average speed of these molecules under these atmospheric conditions.

https://brainly.com/question/36633794

#SPJ12

The equation that represents the action of diethylamine (C2H5)2NH as a Brønsted-Lowry base in water is (C2H5)2NH + H2O -> (C2H5)2NH2+ + OH-. Diethylamine acts as the Brønsted-Lowry base, while water acts as the Brønsted-Lowry acid.

The equation that represents the action of diethylamine (C2H5)2NH as a Brønsted-Lowry base in water is:

(C2H5)2NH + H2O → (C2H5)2NH2+ + OH-

In this reaction, diethylamine accepts a proton from water, forming a diethylammonium ion (C2H5)2NH2+ and a hydroxide ion (OH-). Diethylamine acts as the Brønsted-Lowry base in this reaction, while water acts as the Brønsted-Lowry acid.