Use synthetic substitution to find f(­2) and f(3).

1.f(x) = 3x^4 ­- 12x^3 ­- 12x^2 + 30x

2. Write the polynomial equation of degree 4 with leading coefficient 1 that has roots at ­-2, ­-1, 3, and 4.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

see explanation

Step-by-step explanation:

(1)

To obtain f(2) and f(3) substitute x = 2, x = 3 into f(x)

f(2) = 3([tex]2^{4}[/tex] ) - 12(2³) - 12(2²) + 30(2)

      = 48 - 96 - 48 + 60 = - 36

f(3) = 3([tex]3^{4}[/tex] ) - 12(3³) - 12(3²) + 30(3)

      = 243 - 324 - 108 + 90 = - 99

(2)

Given a polynomial with roots x  = a, x = b, then

(x - a), (x - b) are the factors

and the polynomial is the product of the factors

Here the roots are x = - 2, x = - 1, x = 3 and x = 4, thus the factors are

(x + 2), (x + 1), (x - 3) and (x - 4)

The polynomial is the product of the factors, thus

f(x) = (x + 2)(x + 1)(x - 3)(x - 4) ← expand in pairs using FOIL

     = (x² + 3x + 2)(x² - 7x + 12) ← distribute

     = [tex]x^{4}[/tex] - 7x³ + 12x² + 3x³ - 21x² + 36x + 2x² - 14x + 24 ← collect like terms

     = [tex]x^{4}[/tex] - 4x³ - 7x² + 22x + 24


Related Questions

Find the value of M. (please answer)

Answers

Answer:

M = 70

Step-by-step explanation:

Supplementary Angles = 180

180 - 110 = 70

Also linear pairs = 180.

m=70 degrees

I hope that helps you :)

An engineer drew the graph of a new tire on a coordinate plane. The equation of the tire was x^2+y^2-26y=0. How many feet will the tire roll in 100 complete revolutions. If necessary, round your calculations to the nearest hundredths, and your final answer to the nearest whole number. Complete the explanation (look at picture)

Answers

Answer:

Mr. Z ?

Step-by-step explanation:

A square is inscribed in a circle. If the area of the square is 49 square units, what is the radius of the circle?

a
√2/7 unit
b
(7√2)/2 units
c
7√2units
d
14√2 units

Answers

Answer:

B

Step-by-step explanation:

If it is inscribed in the circle that means all four corners of the square are touching the circle

so therefore the diagonal of the square is the diameter of the circle

the side lengths of the square as you know is 7 units ([tex]\sqrt{49[/tex]) the length of the diagonal is [tex]7\sqrt{2}[/tex] heres how I know

If you cut the square in half through the centre diagonally you will get a right  isosceles triangle, using the pythagorus theorum

[tex]7^2+7^2=C^2\\49+49=C^2\\98=C^2\\\sqrt{98}=C\\C=7\sqrt{x}[/tex]

Now we have the diameter

it's just half of that, so the answer is B

Final answer:

For a square inscribed in a circle, the length of the diagonal of the square equals the diameter of the circle. Given the area of the square is 49 units, the length of a side is 7 units, and thus the diagonal (or diameter of the circle) is 7√2 units. Therefore, the radius of the circle is half of the diameter, which is (7√2)/2 units.

Explanation:

In this question, we need to determine the radius of a circle in which a square is inscribed. The square has an area of 49 square units. In a square inscribed in a circle, the diameter of the circle is equal to the diagonal of the square. Thus, if 'a' is the length of a side of the square, the length of the diagonal, which is the diameter of the circle, is 'a√2'.

Given that the area of the square is 49 units, 'a^2=49' or 'a=7' units. Therefore, 'a√2' = '7√2' units. As this is the diameter, the radius of the circle is half of the diameter thus, it equals '(7√2)/2' units. Which means option b '(7√2)/2' units is the correct answer.

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Graph each function.

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

We can recognize that the parent function for all of these graphs is going to be y=x^2. What this means is that we can graph y=x^2 and then apply transformations to it to get to all of these new graphs.

1. y = -x^2 + 5

We can see that the coefficient of the x^2 term is negative which tells us that the graph will now open downwards.

We also know that we are adding 5 on the outside of the argument which means it affect vertical shift. Therefore, we will be moving 5 units up.

2. y = x^2 - 4

We can see that the only change made to this equation is subtracting 4 on the outside of the squared part of the equation. Again, this signifies vertical movement, but since it's negative we will be moving the entire y = x^2 graph down 4 units.

3. y = -x^2 - 1

What do you notice about this graph?

- negative coefficient

- subtracting 1 outside of the argument

What do these mean?

- negative coefficient: opens downwards

- subtracting 1: move entire y = x^2 graph down 1 unit

0) Rodney had $60 to spend on sports equipment. After buying 6 footballs, he had $7.50. How
much did each football cost?​

Answers

Answer:

$8.75

Step-by-step explanation:

He had $60 to spend on sports equipment.

He bought 6 footballs and was left with $7.50

First get the amount used in buying all the footballs

That’s

$60 - $7.50 = $52.5

He bought the 6 balls for $52.5

Therefore, amout paid for each football will be amount spent in buying the footballs divided by number of footballs bought

That’s

$52.5/6 = $8.75

Each football cost $8.75

The arithmetic sequence 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, . . . represents the set of even natural numbers. What is the sum of the first 100 even natural numbers?

Answers

Answer:

1) 200

2) 10100

3) less than

explanation:

just did it :))

The sum of the first 100 even natural numbers will be 10,100.

What is the sum of an arithmetic sequence?

Let a₁ be the first term, L be the last term, n be the number of terms, and d be a common difference.

Then the sum of the arithmetic sequence will be

S = (n / 2)[a₁ + L]

S = (n/2) [2a + (n − 1) d]

The arithmetic sequence is given below.

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, .....

The first term is 2 and the common difference is 2. Then the sum of the first 100 even natural numbers will be

S = (100/2) [2 x 2 + (100 − 1) x 2]

S = 50 [4 + 99 x 2]

S = 50 [4 + 198]

S = 50 [202]

S = 10,100

The sum of the first 100 even natural numbers will be 10,100.

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In one day a movie theater collected $4275 from 675 people. The price of admission is $7 for an adult and $5 for a child. How many adults and how many children were admitted to the movie theater that day?

Answers

Final answer:

To find the number of adults and children admitted to the movie theater, we set up two equations based on the admission costs and total number of attendees. Solving these equations revealed that there were 450 adults and 225 children.

Explanation:

The question involves a system of equations where we are required to determine the number of adults and children who were admitted to the movie theater given the total revenue and total number of attendees.

Let's denote the number of adults by A and the number of children by C. Given the price of admission is $7 for an adult and $5 for a child, we can represent the total revenue with the equation:

7A + 5C = 4275
Also, considering the total number of people is 675, we have another equation:

A + C = 675

To solve these equations, we'll use the substitution or elimination method:

From the second equation, express C in terms of A:
C = 675 - ASubstitute C in the first equation with 675 - A and solve for A:
7A + 5(675 - A) = 4275
The simplified equation is 7A + 3375 - 5A = 4275 leading to 2A = 900, so A = 450.Substitute A back into C = 675 - A to find C:
C = 675 - 450 = 225.

Therefore, there were 450 adults and 225 children admitted to the movie theater that day.

What is -9x+6=18 in slope intercept form ?

Answers

Answer:

y = 3/2 x + 3

Step-by-step explanation:

-9x + 6y = 18 is in standard form (ax + by = c).

Slope-intercept form isolates the "y" variable. It looks like this:

y = mx + b

Move anything that's not "y" to the right side. Move things in reverse BEDMAS order, using reverse operations of what you want to move.

[tex]-9x + 6y = 18[/tex]                   Move -9x by doing +9x to both sides

[tex]-9x + 9x + 6y = 18 + 9x[/tex]             Simplify. -9x + 9x will cancel out.

[tex]6y = 18 + 9x[/tex]                     Move the "6" that multiplies with "y".

[tex]\frac{6y}{6} = \frac{18}{6} + \frac{9x}{6}[/tex]                     Divide each term by 6.

[tex]y = 3 + \frac{3x}{2}[/tex]                        "y" is isolated. Simplify the rest.

[tex]y = \frac{3}{2}x + 3[/tex]                        Rearrange to match slope-intercept form.

What is the area of this trapezoid?

Answers

Check the picture below.

[tex]\bf \textit{area of a trapezoid}\\\\ A=\cfrac{h(a+b)}{2}~~ \begin{cases} a,b=\stackrel{parallel~sides}{bases}\\ h=height\\[-0.5em] \hrulefill\\ a=12\\ b=15\\ h=16 \end{cases}\implies A=\cfrac{16(12+15)}{2}\implies A=216[/tex]

Damon buys lumber worth $562. He gets 20% contractor discount. The sales tax is 6%. his credit card gives him 2% off. How much does he pay?

Answers

Answer:

$467.05

Step-by-step explanation:

The price is $562

First, 20% off of that:

562 - 20% of 562 = 562 - 0.2(562) = $449.60

Second, he has to pay 6% tax on this amount, so:

6% = 6/100 = 0.06

449.60 + 0.06*449.60 = $476.58

He won't be paying this amount, because paying through credit card will give him 2% discount on this, so:

476.58 - 0.02(476.58) = $467.05

Final Price: $467.05

If the sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio of 3:5, find the ratio of their areas.

Answers

Ratio of areas of similar triangles is 9 : 25.

Solution:

Given data:

Ratio of sides of two similar triangles = 3 : 5

To find the ratio of areas of the triangles:

We know that,

In two triangles are similar, then the ratio of their area is equal to the square of the ratio of their sides.

[tex]$\text{Ratio of areas} = \frac{\text{Area of triangle 1}}{\text{Area of triangle 2} }[/tex]

                      [tex]$=\left(\frac{3}{5}\right) ^2[/tex]

                      [tex]$=\frac{9}{25}[/tex]

Ratio of areas of similar triangles is 9 : 25.

Answer:

16

:

81

Explanation:

Scale factor for the sides of these triangles.

k

=

4

9

.

Therefore the ratio of area will be:

k

2

=

Area Triangle A

Area triangle B

k

2

=

(

4

9

)

2

=

16

81

Solve the quadratic equation 12x2 – 288 = 0 using the square root method.

Answers

Answer:

should be x = +2√6

Step-by-step explanation:

did test!

I think i know but I probably have it wrong, will give Brainliest

Answers

Answer:

164 square feet

164 ft^2

Step-by-step explanation:

Base: 10 × 4 = 40 (×2 = 80)

Front/back face: 10 × 3 = 30 (×2 = 60)

Left/right face: 3 × 4 = 12 (×2 = 24)

Add: 80 + 60 + 24 = 164

JL has coordinates J(-6, 1) and L(-4,3).
Find the coordinates of the midpoint.

Answers

Answer:

The coordinates of the mid-point of JL are (-5 , 2)

Step-by-step explanation:

If point (x , y) is the mid-point of a segment whose end-points are [tex](x_{1},y_{1})[/tex] and [tex](x_{2},y_{2})[/tex], then [tex]x=\frac{x_{1}+x_{2}}{2}[/tex] and  [tex]y=\frac{y_{1}+y_{2}}{2}[/tex]

∵ JL is a segment

∵ The coordinates of J are (-6 , 1)

∴  [tex]x_{1}[/tex] = -6 and  [tex]y_{1}[/tex] = 1

∵ The coordinates of L are (-4 , 3)

∴  [tex]x_{2}[/tex] = -4 and  [tex]y_{2}[/tex] = 3

Lets use the rule above to find the mid-point of JL

∵ [tex]x=\frac{-6+-4}{2}=\frac{-10}{2}[/tex]

x = -5

∴ The x-coordinate of the mid-point is -5

∵ [tex]y=\frac{1+3}{2}=\frac{4}{2}[/tex]

y = 2

∴ The y-coordinate of the mid-point is 2

The coordinates of the mid-point of JL are (-5 , 2)

Final answer:

The coordinates of the midpoint of the segment with endpoints J(-6, 1) and L(-4,3) are obtained by averaging the x and y coordinates of the endpoints, resulting in (-5, 2).

Explanation:

To find the coordinates of the midpoint of a segment with endpoints J(-6, 1) and L(-4,3), you use the midpoint formula which is ((x1 + x2)/2, (y1 + y2)/2). In this case, x1 is -6, x2 is -4, y1 is 1, and y2 is 3. Plugging these into the formula, we get the midpoint coordinates ((-6 - 4)/2, (1 + 3)/2) which simplifies to (-5, 2). Therefore, the midpoint of JL is at the coordinates (-5, 2).

Use the confidence level and sample data to find the margin of error E. Round your answer to the same number of decimal places as the sample mean unless otherwise noted.



Weights of eggs: 95% confidence; n=53, /x =1.34 oz, standard deviation = 0.58 oz



A.) (0 pts) 0.13 oz


B.) (0 pts) 0.02 oz


C.) (1 pts) 0.16 oz


D.) (0 pts) 0.36 oz

Answers

Answer: option c

Step-by-step explanation:

margin of error = critical value × s/√n

Where s = sample standard deviation = 0.58, n = 53

The critical value = 1.96 ( this is the critical value for a two test test corresponding to a level of significance of 5%)

By substituting the parameters, we have that

Margin of error = 1.96×0.58/√53

Margin of error = 1.96 × 0.0796

Margin of error = 0.156 ~ 0.16

Answer:

0.16 oz

Step-by-step explanation:

The product of 2 and the sum of 5 is 8

Answers

Answer:26

Step-by-step explanation:

2x(8+5)

2x13=26

In the early 1990s, the group was approached by film director Spike Lee to compose a song for his upcoming biopic on the life of Malcolm X.
Read the passage underlined (3).There may be a mistake in punctuation, capitalization, or spelling. If you find a mistake, choose the answer that corrects the mistake. If there is no mistake, choose ‘Correct as is.’
A) Correct as is.
B) In the Early 1990s, the group was approached
C) In the early 1990s the group was approached
D) In the early 1990s, the group, was approached

Answers

Answer: A

Step-by-step explanation: that’s the answer

Answer:

A

Step-by-step explanation:

Which function has the given properties below? The domain is the set of all real numbers. One x-intercept is (StartFraction pi over 2 EndFraction, 0 EndFraction). The maximum value is 3. The y-intercept is (0, –3).

Answers

Answer:

y = -3cosx

Step-by-step explanation:

Let me rewrite your question:

One x-intercept is ( pi/2 , 0)  so we know that it is a trigonometric function such as cosine that has x-intercept (pi/2,0). The maximum value is 3, it means the amplitude must be 3: y = 3 cos x The y-intercept is (0,-3),  means when x =0, y will equal to negative 3 (-3) then it is the function y = -3cosx,

So y = -3cosx is the function has the given properties

I ONLY HAVE A LITTLE TIME ANS NEED HELP!!!!! can someone explain this to me

Answers

Answer:

x = 92

Step-by-step explanation:

[tex]\frac{x}{46} =\frac{78}{39}[/tex]

I did big side over small side, proportions.

Cross Multiply.

39x = 3,588

divide by 39x

x = 92

Answer:

92

Step-by-step explanation:

These triangles are similar because they share a common angle and two pairs of sides in the same ratio.

Sides of the bigger triangle are double of those of the smaller triangle

46+46 = 92

Which method would be the most simplest way to solve the system? 7x+5y=19
-7x-2y=-16

Answers

Answer:

14x+3y=3

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

The answer is elimination and the equation evaluated would be (2,1)

Step-by-step explanation:

Two ropes are attached to a large ballon in a parade. The people holding the ropes are 40 feet apart,and the angle between the two ropes is 86 degrees. The angle of elevation of one rope is 42 degrees. How long is each rope..Step by Step explanation..Please ..Thanks.

Answers

Answer:

We'll use the Law of Sines:

Sine (C) / c = Sine (B) / b

Sine (86) / 40 = Sine (52) / b

0.99756 / 40 = 0.78801 / b

0.024939  = .78801 / b

b = .78801 / .024939

side b = 31.5974978949  feet

Sine (42) / a = Sine (86) / 40

(0.66913 / a) = 0.024939

a = .66913 / .024939

side a = 26.8306668271  feet

******************************************************

I forgot to include the graphic.  

Step-by-step explanation:

Line segment CD is 5 inches long. if line segment CD is dilated to form line segment C'D' with a scale factor of 0.6, what is the length of line segment C'D'.

Answers

Answer:

3 inches

Step-by-step explanation:

5 inches * 0.6 scale factor = 3 inches

Answer:

3 inches

Step-by-step explanation:

at a farm 15 of the 20 chicken are hens what percent of the chicken in the farms hens

Answers

15/20 is 3/4. 75 percent of the chicken are hens.

Answer: 75 percent of the chicken are hens.

If f(x) = 7 + 4x and g(x)= 7x, what is the value of (f/g)(5)

Answers

The value of [tex](\frac{f}{g})(5)[/tex] is [tex]\frac{27}{35}[/tex]

Explanation:

Given that [tex]f(x)=7+4x[/tex] and [tex]g(x)=7x[/tex]

The value of [tex](\frac{f}{g})(5)[/tex]:

The value of [tex](\frac{f}{g})(5)[/tex] can be determined by substituting x = 5 in the functions f(x) and g(x) and then dividing the terms, we get, the value of [tex](\frac{f}{g})(5)[/tex]

Thus, we have,

[tex](\frac{f}{g})(5)=\frac{f(5)}{g(5)}[/tex]

Substituting the value of x = 5 in the functions f(x) and g(x), we get,

[tex](\frac{f}{g})(5)=\frac{7+4(5)}{7(5)}[/tex]

Simplifying the terms, we have,

[tex](\frac{f}{g})(5)=\frac{7+20}{35}[/tex]

Adding the terms in numerator, we have,

[tex](\frac{f}{g})(5)=\frac{27}{35}[/tex]

Thus, the value of [tex](\frac{f}{g})(5)[/tex] is [tex]\frac{27}{35}[/tex]

what is the perimeter of this tile 6in 2in

Answers

Answer:

16 inches

Step-by-step explanation:

The perimeter of the tile is 16 inches. The perimeter of a shape is the total length of all of its sides added together.

In this case, the tile has two sides that are 6 inches long and two sides that are 2 inches long.

To find the perimeter, we can add all of the side lengths together:

Perimeter = 6 inches + 6 inches + 2 inches + 2 inches

Perimeter = 16 inches

Therefore, the perimeter of the tile is 16 inches.

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Decrease 620 by 10%

Answers

Answer:

 682

Step-by-step explanation:

620, percentage decreased by - 10% (percent) of its value = 682

2. Solve each equation and check your solution.
a.-3w - 4= w + 3
b. 3(3 – 3x) = 2(x + 3) - 30
c. 1/(2 + 4) – 6 = 2 (5 – 2)

Answers

Answer:

1. Solution

-3w-w=3+4

-4w=7

Therefore,w= -7/4

Step-by-step explanation:

2. Solution

3(3-3x)=2(x+3)-30

9-9x=2x+6-30

9+40-6=2x+9x

43=11x

Therefore, x=43/11

#Hope it helps u

Is 4/6 greater than 1/2

Answers

Yes because you have to convert the answers to 8/12 to 6/12

1/2 is not greater than 4/6 and the answer to the question "Is 1/2 greater than 4/6?" is no.

ASSIGNMENTS
COURSES
Assignment - 4. Ratios, Rates, and Unit Rates
Attempt 1 of 2
Decide which unit rate is greatest and explain why using complete sentences.
• 12 apples for $4
• 21 apples for $8
• 35 apples for $14
• 45 apples for $16
WRITER

Answers

Answer:

3 apples per $ is the greatest unit rate when someone buy 12 apples for $4, because we are able buy more apples with this rate for the same price.

Step-by-step explanation:

As we know that unit rate can be calculated by dividing the two quantities having different units.

For example, Madrid has been champions 10 times in 30 seasons,

i.e. 10 champions / 30 seasons = 0.33 champions per season

and

Barcelona has been champions 5 times in 30 seasons.

i.e.  5 champions / 30 seasons = 0.16 champions per season

Thus, the champion rate for Real Madrid is greater than the champion rate for Barcelona. It means, Real Madrid has been a better team.

Now, let us check and answer the question.

12 apples for $4 means:

       12 apples / $4 = 3 apples per $

21 apples for $8 means:

       21 apples / $8 = 2.62 apples per $

35 apples for $14 means:

       35 apples / $14 = 2.5 apples per $

45 apples for $16 means:

       45 apples / $16 = 2.81 apples per $

From the above calculations and observation, we can conclude that 3 apples per $ is the greatest unit rate when someone buy 12 apples for $4.

This unit rate is the greatest because we are able buy more apples with this rate for the same price.

In other words, the rate is cheaper than the unit rate of the rest, because can buy more apples with this rate for the same price.

The solution to an inequality is 5≤x<9. What is the smallest value of x that will make the original inequality true?

Answers

Answer:

5

Step-by-step explanation:

It is given that the solution to an inequality is

[tex]5\leq x<9[/tex]

It means the original inequality is true for any values of x which is greater than or equal to 5 and less than 9.

We need to find the smallest value of x that will make the original inequality true.

[tex]5\leq x\text{ and }x<9[/tex]

Therefore, smallest value of x is 5 that will make the original inequality true.

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Miltmar Corporation will pay a year-end dividend of $5, and dividends thereafter are expected to grow at the constant rate of 6% per year. The risk-free rate is 5%, and the expected return on the market portfolio is 10%. The stock has a beta of 0.76.a. Calculate the market capitalization rate. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Market capitalization rate _____ %b. What is the intrinsic value of the stock? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Intrinsic value $ A memory error caused by exposure to incorrect data between the original event and a subsequent memory test of that event is called the __________ effect. Reader's Digest Association, Inc., has published Reader's Digest magazine for over 80 years, and many believe the publication is dated and can no longer attract many readers. They believe _____ plans are needed to revamp the magazine's content, editorial staff, and readership. 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What is the projected dividend for the coming year? List the laws of thermodynamic and describe their relevance in the chemical reactions2. Define the standard reduction potential. Why aerobic grow generates the highest amount ofenergy (ATP). if f(x) = 3x - 12, what is f(2)? -6-18186 9. A large electronic office product contains 2000 electronic components. Assume that the probability that each component operates without failure during the useful life of the product is 0.995, and assume that the components fail independently. Approximate the probability that five or more of the original 2000 components fail during the useful life of the product. 100 POINTS IF YOU CAN ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS!! PLUS BRAINLIEST, THANKS, RATINGS, ETC1. The Sun, like 80 to 90 percent of stars, is in which stage of life?A. main sequenceB. stellar formationC. red giantD. dying star2. How do scientists learn about the age of the solar system and its planetary bodies? Select the two correct answers.A. using radiometric dating of meteoritesB. comparing the composition of the gaseous planets to the rocky planetsC. analyzing impact craters on planetary body surfacesD. measuring distances between planets3. Which describe the study of spectroscopy? Select the two correct answers.a. the number of galaxiesb. interaction of light and atomsc. emission and absorption of lightd. reflection of light by Earth4. Which state of matter best describes the elements inside stars?a. plasmab. liquidc. solidd. gas5. Which are examples of non-visible light?a. white light from the sun and microwavesb. radio waves and ultraviolet lightc. white light from a lightbulb and rainbowsd. rainbows and X-rays6. Which is the first stage in the life cycle of a massive star?a. black holeb. white drawf c. red giantd. nebula7. Which of these is a heavy element in a star?a. carbonb. hydrogenc. lithiumd. helium8. Why are spectral lines useful in classifying stars?a. They show the layers that make up a star.b. They show a star's location.c. They indicate a star's age.d. They show the composition of a star.9. Which statement correctly explains how the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram helps to compare stars?a. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram plots stars according to their luminosity and temperature, which is also associated with spectral class.b. Stars with the highest temperatures appear towards the right side of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.c. The Sun's high temperature places it to the far left of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.d. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram plots stars according to their size and shape. Which sentence best compares two things?A. Running on a treadmill, like running outdoors, helps build strengthand stamina.B. Running on a treadmill can help build strength and stamina.C. Running on a treadmill is much easier than running outdoors.D. Running outdoors is much more fun than running on a treadmill. Skylar got a manicure for $28 and pedicure for $35salon. If she plans to tip 15%, how much will she pay? which two of the following are notable achievements of the Maya?developing an extensive road systemcreating a hieroglyphic writing systemInventing an accurate calendar systemestablishing a unifled tribute empirecreating advanced methods of irrigation