tyrosine kinase inhibitor binds and inhibits BTK. As a result of the experiment, you are able to elute BTK from the column, but in a mixture of other tyrosine kinases. Why are tyrosine kinases other than BTK present in the eluate?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: It is because tyrosine kinases and BTK have similar solubilities

Explanation:

In column chromatography, components of a mixture are seperated based on their relative solubilities in two non-mixing phases.

In essence, tyrosine kinases and BTK are present in the eluate due to their similar solubility rates that arise from the similar chemical structure both possess (otherwise it would be impossible for the inhibitor meant for Tyrosine kinase to bind and also inhibits BTK)

Thus, the similar solubilities of both groups is the reason they could elute out of the column without being adsorped.


Related Questions

Without consulting Figure 28 or Table 22, determine whether each of the following electron configurations is an inert gas,a halogen, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal. or a transition metal. Justify your choices.(a) 1522522p63$23p5(b)1$22$22p63$23p63d74$2(c) 1522522p63523p63d104524p6(d) 1522522p63$23p6451(e) 1522522p63§23p63d104§24p64¢3552(f) 1522522p6352

Answers

The Justification are:

(a) has 7 electrons in its outermost shell, making it a halogen.

(b) has a full s subshell and belongs to the alkaline earth metals.

(c) has a complete electron shell and is an inert gas.

(d) has 1 electron in its outermost shell, classifying it as an alkali metal.

(e) has a partially filled d subshell, indicating a transition metal.

(f) has a full s subshell and is categorized as an alkaline earth metal.

What is the configurations

(a) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵- This configuration corresponds to the element Chlorine (Cl), which is a halogen.

(b) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s²- This configuration corresponds to the element Calcium (Ca), which is an alkaline earth metal.

(c) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶- This configuration corresponds to the noble gas Krypton (Kr), which is an inert gas.

(d) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ -This configuration corresponds to the element Potassium (K), which is an alkali metal.

(e) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d⁵ 5s² - This configuration corresponds to the element Yttrium (Y), which is a transition metal.

(f) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² -This configuration corresponds to the element Magnesium (Mg), which is an alkaline earth

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See text below

Determine whether each of the following electron configurations is an inert gas, a halogen, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or a transition metal. Justify your choices.(a) 1s22s22p63s23p5(b) 1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2(c) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6(d) 1s22s22p63s23p64s1(e) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d55s2(f) 1s22s22p63s2

Final answer:

The electron configurations correspond to different types of elements: (a) is a halogen, (b) is a transition metal, (c) is an inert gas, (d) is an alkali metal, (e) is an alkaline earth metal, and (f) is also an alkaline earth metal.

Explanation:

This question is about determining the type of atom from their electron configurations. Just by looking at the electron configurations, we can deduce what type of element we’re dealing with.

(a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5: atoms with 5 valence electrons in their outer shell are in Group 17 of the periodic table, which are halogens.

(b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 4s2: transition metals have incomplete d-subshells in their electron configurations, therefore, this is a transition metal.

(c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6: This configuration ends with a filled p6 subshell. This indicates that the element in question is an inert gas, which are known for their stability due to a complete set of electrons in their outermost energy level.

(d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1: atoms that have one electron in their highest energy level (s1) are in Group 1 of the periodic table, which are alkali metals.

(e) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 5s2: This is an alkaline earth metal since it ends with an s2 orbiltal.

(f) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2: atoms with two valence electrons in their outer shell are in Group 2 of the periodic table, which are alkaline earth metals.

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Briefly discuss interpretations of your observations and results. Include in your discussion, any conclusions drawn from the results and any sources of error in the experiment. Be sure to discuss the reasons for your measured value of the specific heat of the metal being too high or too low.

Answers

Answer:

In comparison to Part 1 of this experiment, we observed similar reactions when determining the make up of our unknown. When testing for Mn2+ we observed a color change that resulted in a darker brown/red color, when testing for Co2+ we observed the formation of foamy bubbles but we could not conclude that a gas had formed, when testing for Fe3+ the result was a liquid red in color, when testing for Cr3+ we observed no change, when testing for Zn2+ we observed the formation of a pink/red liquid, when testing for K+ we observed the formation of a precipitate, when testing for Ca2+ we observe the formation of a precipitate. Sources of error may have occurred when observing whether or not an actual reaction had taken place or not, using glassware that wasn't fully cleaned, or the accidental mix of various other liquids in the lab

Explanation:

For each electronic configuration given, choose the electronic configuration of the element that would match its chemical properties. (1) 1s22s22p63s2 a. 1s22s22p63s23p3b. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6c. 1s22s2d. 1s22s22p3(2) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6 a.1s22s22p63s23p3 1s22s22p63s2 1s22s2 1s22s22p6(c) 1s22s22p3 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6 1s22s22p6 1s22s2 1s22s22p63s23p3

Answers

Answer:1s22s22p63s2- Magnesium

1s22s22p63s23p3- phosphorus

1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6- krypton

1s22s2- Beryllium

1s22s22p6- neon

1s22s22p3- nitrogen

Explanation:

The identity of an element is deducible from its electronic configuration by looking out for the outermost shell configuration and counting the total number of electrons present. for example; phosphorus 15 electrons and an outermost shell configuration of ns2 np3. Any electronic configuration written above which reflects these characteristics must belong to phosphorus.

Final answer:

The question is about identifying elements based on given electron configurations and then matching these configurations to known ones. The elements matching the given configurations have the same number of electrons in their outermost energy level, indicating the possibility of similar chemical properties.

Explanation:

The question is regarding the identification of elements based on their electron configurations and comparing them to known configurations. The electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's electron shells and subshells.

For instance, the given first electron configuration (1) 1s22s22p63s2 corresponds to the element Neon. The element that would match this configuration is one whose electron configuration is 1s22s22p6, which is also for Neon in a neutral state.

For the second case (1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6), it corresponds to the element Krypton. The element that would match this configuration is also Krypton in a neutral state. These elements are said to have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outermost energy level, making their bonding patterns similar.

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In his explanation of the threshold frequency in the photoelectric effect, Einstein reasoned that the absorbed photon must have a minimum energy to dislodge an electron from the metal surface. This energy is called the work function (Φ) of that metal. What is the longest wavelength of radiation (in nm) that could cause the photoelectric effect in each of these metals: (a) calcium, Φ = 4.60 x 10⁻¹⁹ J; (b) titanium, Φ = 6.94 x 10⁻¹⁹ J; (c) sodium, Φ = 4.41 x 10⁻¹⁹ J?

Answers

Answer:

(a)

432 nm

(b)

287 nm

(c)

451 nm

Explanation:

[tex]Energy=\frac {h\times c}{\lambda}[/tex]

Where,  

h is Plank's constant having value [tex]6.626\times 10^{-34}\ Js[/tex]

c is the speed of light having value [tex]3\times 10^8\ m/s[/tex]

[tex]\lambda[/tex] is the wavelength of the light

(a)

Given that:- Energy = [tex]4.60\times 10^{-19}\ J[/tex]

[tex]4.60\times 10^{-19}=\frac{6.626\times 10^{-34}\times 3\times 10^8}{\lambda}[/tex]

[tex]4.6\times \:10^{26}\times \lambda=1.99\times 10^{20}[/tex]

[tex]\lambda=4.32\times 10^{-9}\ m[/tex] = 432 nm

(b)

Given that:- Energy = [tex]6.94\times 10^{-19}\ J[/tex]

[tex]6.94\times 10^{-19}=\frac{6.626\times 10^{-34}\times 3\times 10^8}{\lambda}[/tex]

[tex]6.94\times \:10^{26}\times \lambda=1.99\times 10^{20}[/tex]

[tex]\lambda=2.87\times 10^{-9}\ m[/tex] = 287 nm

(c)

Given that:- Energy = [tex]4.41\times 10^{-19}\ J[/tex]

[tex]4.41\times 10^{-19}=\frac{6.626\times 10^{-34}\times 3\times 10^8}{\lambda}[/tex]

[tex]4.41\times \:10^{26}\times \lambda=1.99\times 10^{20}[/tex]

[tex]\lambda=4.51\times 10^{-9}\ m[/tex] = 451 nm

Assuming the volumes are additive, what is the [Cl−] in a solution obtained by mixing 297 mL of 0.675 M KCl and 664 mL of 0.338 M MgCl2?

Answers

Answer: The concentration of chloride ions in the solution obtained is 0.674 M

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles for given molarity, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Moles of solute}\times 1000}{\text{Volume of solution (in mL)}}[/tex]     .....(1)

For KCl:

Molarity of KCl solution = 0.675 M

Volume of solution = 297 mL

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]0.675=\frac{\text{Moles of KCl}\times 1000}{297}\\\\\text{Moles of KCl}=\frac{(0.675mol/L\times 297)}{1000}=0.200mol[/tex]

1 mole of KCl produces 1 mole of chloride ions and 1 mole of potassium ion

Moles of chloride ions in KCl = 0.200 moles

For magnesium chloride:

Molarity of magnesium chloride solution = 0.338 M

Volume of solution = 664 mL

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]0.338=\frac{\text{Moles of }MgCl_2\times 1000}{664}\\\\\text{Moles of }MgCl_2=\frac{(0.338mol/L\times 664)}{1000}=0.224mol[/tex]

1 mole of magnesium chloride produces 2 moles of chloride ions and 1 mole of magnesium ion

Moles of chloride ions in magnesium chloride = [tex](2\times 0.224)=0.448mol[/tex]

Calculating the chloride ion concentration, we use equation 1:

Total moles of chloride ions in the solution = (0.200 + 0.448) moles = 0.648 moles

Total volume of the solution = (297 + 664) mL = 961 mL

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Concentration of chloride ions}=\frac{0.648mol\times 1000}{961}\\\\\text{Concentration of chloride ions}=0.674M[/tex]

Hence, the concentration of chloride ions in the solution obtained is 0.674 M

Based on the concentrations of the given solutions, the concentration of Cl⁻ is 0.674 M.

What is the moles of chloride ion in each solution?

Moles of a substance is calculated using the formula:

Moles = molarity *  volume

For 297 mL of 0.675 M KCl

297 mL = 0.297 L

moles of KCl = 0.675 * 0.297

moles of KCl = 0.200 moles

1 mole of KCl produces 1 mole of Cl⁻

Thus, moles of Cl⁻ = 0.200 moles

For 664 mL of 0.338 M MgCl₂

664 mL = 0.664 L

moles of MgCl₂ = 0.338 * 0.664

moles of MgCl₂ = 0.224 moles

1 mole of MgCl₂ produces 2 moles of Cl⁻

moles of Cl⁻ = 2 * 0.224

moles of Cl⁻ = 0.448 moles

Total moles of Cl⁻ = 0.448 + 0.200

moles of Cl⁻ = 0.648 moles

Volume of solution = 664 + 297

Volume of solution = 961 = 0.961 L

Molarity of Cl⁻ = 0.648 / 0.961

Molarity of Cl⁻ = 0.674 M

Therefore, the concentration of Cl⁻ is 0.674 M

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Explain what ( if anything) is wrong with the following student's statement: " our solution is red, so we should set the spectrophotometer to the red light range ( 700nm) to measure its absorbance."

Answers

Explanation:

A solution is red in color means it has absorbed other color wavelengths and reflects only red color wavelength. A red color wavelength would absorb wavelength corresponding to violet color. Hence, the wavelength should be fixed in the range of 400 nm to measure the absorbance. And not red light range ( 700 nm) to measure its absorbance."

Arrange each set of atoms in order of decreasing IE₁:
(a) Na, Li, K (b) Be, F, C (c) Cl, Ar, Na (d) Cl, Br, Se

Answers

Answer:

(d) Cl, Br, Se

Explanation:

Ionisation energy is defined as the minimum energy required to remove the loosely bound valence electron of a neutral gaseous atom or molecule. It is usually endothermic process.

Accorfing to the trends down the group and across the period:

Ionisation energy generally increases as one moves from left to right in a given period while ionisation generally decreases as one moves from top to bottom in a given group. This is of the magnitude of the effective Nuclear charge and the Number of electron shells.

From the elements above:

Ionisation energy decreases down the group while it increases across the period.

F > C > Be

Li > Na > K

Ar > Cl > Na

Cl > Br > Se

Final answer:

The first ionization energy (IE₁) is the energy required to remove one electron from an atom. The arrangement in decreasing IE₁ for the given sets of elements are: K, Na, Li; Be, C, F; Cl, Na, Ar; and Cl, Br, Se.

Explanation:

The first ionization energy (IE₁) refers to the energy required to remove one electron from an atom in its gaseous state. It is generally observed that ionization energy increases across a period and decreases down a group in the periodic table.

(a) Na, Li, K: These elements are in the same group of alkali metals. Since potassium (K) is located below sodium (Na) and lithium (Li) in the periodic table, K has the lowest ionization energy, followed by Na, and then Li. Therefore, the arrangement in decreasing IE₁ would be: K, Na, Li.

(b) Be, F, C: Beryllium (Be) has a higher ionization energy compared to carbon (C) and fluorine (F) because Be has a smaller atomic radius. Thus, the arrangement in decreasing IE₁ would be: Be, C, F.

(c) Cl, Ar, Na: Chlorine (Cl) has a higher ionization energy compared to argon (Ar) and sodium (Na) because Cl has fewer energy levels and a higher effective nuclear charge. Therefore, the arrangement in decreasing IE₁ would be: Cl, Na, Ar.

(d) Cl, Br, Se: Chlorine (Cl) has the highest ionization energy among the three elements because it requires the most energy to remove an electron. Bromine (Br) has a lower ionization energy compared to chlorine, and selenium (Se) has the lowest ionization energy of the three elements. Therefore, the arrangement in decreasing IE₁ would be: Cl, Br, Se.

Isotonic saline solution, which has the same osomotic pressure as blood, can be prepared by dissolving 0.923 g of NaCl in enough water to produce 100. mL of solution. What is the osmotic pressure of this solution at 25 ∘C?

Answers

Final answer:

The osmotic pressure of this isotonic saline solution at 25 °C, calculated using the formula II = MRT and performing the necessary conversions for temperature and molarity, is approximately 3.86 atm.

Explanation:

The osmotic pressure of an isotonic solution can be calculated using the formula II = MRT. In this case, 'M' represents the molarity of the solution, 'R' is the universal gas constant (0.08206 L atm/mol K), and 'T' is the temperature in Kelvin.

To calculate the osmotic pressure, we need to first convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin: 25 degrees Celsius = 298.15 Kelvin. Then, we calculate the molarity of the solution. Here, we know that 0.923 g of NaCl is dissolved in 100 mL of water. The molar mass of NaCl is approximately 58.44 g/mol, so the number of moles of NaCl in the solution is 0.923g / 58.44g/mol = 0.0158 mol. As the volume of the solution is 100 ml or 0.1 L, the molarity 'M' is 0.0158 mol / 0.1 L = 0.158 mol/L.

Now we substitute these values into the formula II = MRT to calculate osmotic pressure. Thus, II = 0.158 mol/L * 0.08206 L atm/mol K * 298.15 K = 3.86 atm.

So, the osmotic pressure of this isotonic saline solution at 25 °C is approximately 3.86 atm.

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A chemistry student must write down in her lab notebook the concentration of a solution of sodium hydroxide. The concentration of a solution equals the mass of what's dissolved divided by the total volume of the solution.
Here's how the student prepared the solution:

She put some solid sodium hydroxide into the graduated cylinder and weighed it. With the sodium hydroxide added, the cylinder weighed. She added water to the graduated cylinder and dissolved the sodium hydroxide completely. Then she read the total volume of the solution from the markings on the graduated cylinder. The total volume of the solution was .

What concentration should the student write down in her lab notebook?

Answers

Answer:

The concentration the student should write down in her lab is 2.2 mol/L

Explanation:

Atomic mass of the elements are:

Na: 22.989 u

S: 32.065 u

O: 15.999 u

Molar mass of sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3 = (2*22.989 + 2*32.065 + 3*15.999) g/mol = 158.105 g/mol.

Mass of Na2S2O3 taken = (19.440 - 2.2) g = 17.240 g.

For mole(s) of Na2S2O3 = (mass taken)/(molar mass)

= (17.240 g)/(158.105 g/mol) = 0.1090 mole.

Volume of the solution = 50.29 mL = (50.29 mL)*(1 L)/(1000 mL)

= 0.05029 L.

To find the molar concentration of the sodium thiosulfate solution prepared we use the formula:

= (moles of sodium thiosulfate)/(volume of solution in L)

= (0.1090 mole)/(0.05029 L)

= 2.1674 mol/L

A molecule from a new organism contains adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. What molecules is being looked at?

Answers

Since, the options are not given the question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows:

A molecule from a new organism contains adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. What is this unknown molecule?

DNA

lipid

carbohydrate

RNA

protein

Answer: DNA

Explanation:

The DNA short for deoxyribonucleic acid is a genetic material that can be found in majority of the living beings on earth. It is composed of two strands that are coiled around each other. Each strand consists of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of four nitrogen exhibiting nucleobases like guanine, cytosine, adenine and thymine along with the deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group. In DNA there are two groups of nitrogenous bases these includes the pyrimidines and purines. The pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine and the purines are guanine and adenine.  

According to the given situation, a molecule from a new organism consists of adenine, cytosine thymine and guanine these all are nitrogenous bases which can be found in DNA.

Half of the first 18 elements have an odd number of electrons, and half have an even number. Show why atoms of these elements aren’t half paramagnetic and half diamagnetic.

Answers

Answer:

Diamagnetism in atom occurs whenever two electrons in an orbital paired equalises with a total spin of 0.

Paramagnetism in atom occurs whenever at least one orbital of an atom has a net spin of electron. That is a paramagnetic electron is just an unpaired electron in the atom.

Here is a twist even if an atom have ten diamagnetic electrons, the presence of at least one paramagnetic electron, makes it to be considered as a paramagnetic atom.

Simply put paramagnetic elements are one that have unpaired electrons, whereas diamagnetic elements do have paired electron.

The atomic orbital and radius increases by gaining electron linearly so even electron numbered atoms are diamagnetic while the odd electron numbered atoms are paramagnetic.

Running through the first 18 elements one can observe that there is an alternative odd number of electrons and an even number proofing that that half of the first 18 elements shows paramagnetism and diamagnetism respectively.

Explanation:

Draw the partial (valence-level) orbital diagram, and write the symbol, group number, and period number of the element:
(a) [Kr] 5s²4d¹⁰
(b) [Ar] 4s²3d⁸

Answers

Final answer:

The given configurations correspond to the elements Cadmium (Cd) and Nickel (Ni) respectively. Cd is in group 12, period 5 and Ni is in group 10, period 4.

Explanation:

The requested electron configurations correspond to specific elements in the periodic table.

(a) The configuration [Kr] 5s²4d¹⁰ corresponds to the element Cadmium (Cd). Its symbol is Cd, it is in group 12, and period 5. The partial valence-level orbital diagram is as follows:

5s: ↑↓ 4d: ↑↓|↑↓|↑↓|↑↓|↑↓

(b) The configuration [Ar] 4s²3d⁸ corresponds to the element Nickel (Ni). Its symbol is Ni, it is in group 10, and period 4. The partial valence-level orbital diagram is as follows:

4s: ↑↓ 3d: ↑↓|↑↓|↑↓|↑|↑|↑|

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Final answer:

The configurations [Kr] 5s²4d¹⁰ and [Ar] 4s²3d⁸ represent Cadmium and Nickel respectively. Cadmium is in the 12th group, 5th period, and Nickel is in the 10th group, 4th period. Both are transition metals with distinct chemical reactions.

Explanation:

The element with the electron configuration [Kr] 5s²4d¹⁰ is Cadmium (Cd). It belongs to the 12th group and 5th period. Its valence electron configuration diagram shows that there are 2 electrons in the 5s subshell and 10 electrons in the 4d subshell.

On the other hand, the element with the electron configuration [Ar] 4s²3d⁸ is Nickel (Ni). This element belongs to the 10th group and 4th period. Its valence electron configuration diagram shows it has 2 electrons occupying the 4s subshell and 8 electrons in the 3d subshell.

These identified elements, Cadmium and Nickel, represent their unique chemical and physical properties. For instance, they are both transition metals and behave similarly in many chemical reactions.

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48.0 mL of 1.70 M CuCl2(aq) and 57.0 mL of 0.800 M (NH4)2S(aq) are mixed together to give CuS(s) as a precipitate. The other product of the reaction is aqueous ammonium chloride. What is the concentration of the Cu(II) ion after the complete reaction?

Answers

Answer:

The concentration of the Cu(II) ion is 0.777M

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Volume of  1.70 M CuCl2 = 48.0 mL = 0.0480 L

Volume of 0.800 M (NH4)2S = 57.0 mL = 0.0570 L

Step 2: The balanced equation

CuCl2 (aq) + (NH4)2S (aq) → 2 NH4Cl (aq) + CuS (s)

Step 3: Calculate moles CuCl2

moles CuCl2 = 0.0480 L * 1.70 M=0.0816 moles

Step 4: Calculate moles (NH4)2S

moles (NH4)2S = 0.0570 L * 0.800 M = 0.0456 moles

Step 5: Calculate the limiting reactant

The ratio between CuCl2 and (NH4)2S is 1 : 1 so (NH4)2S is the limiting reactant . IT will completely be consumed (0.0456 moles).

CuCl2 is in excess. There will remain 0.0816 - 0.0456 = 0.0360 moles

Step 6: Calculate moles of CuS

For 1 mol CuCl2 we need 1 mol (NH4)2S to produce 2 moles of NH4Cl and 1 mol CuS

For 0.0456 moles we'll produce 0.0456 moles CuS

Step 7: Calculate moles of Cu(II)ion

There remains 0.0360 moles CuCl2.

There will be 0.0456 moles CuS produced

Total moles Cu^2+ = 0.0816 moles

Step 8: Calculate concentration of Cu(II) ion

Concentration = moles / volume

Concentration = 0.0816 moles / (0.048+0.057)

Concentration = 0.777 M

The concentration of the Cu(II) ion is 0.777M

The barrier to C-C bond rotation in ethanol (CH3-CH2-OH) is 14 kJ/mol. What energy can you assign to an H-O eclipsing interaction?

Answers

Answer: 6kJ/mol

Explanation:

The full eclipse stereoisomer of ethanol has two H-H overlapped and one H-OH overlapped. The energy cost for H-H eclipse is 4kJ/mol or 1kcal/mol.

Total energy= 14kJ/mol

2(H-H eclipsed) = 2(4kJ/mol) = 8kJ/mol

Total Energy = H-H eclipsed + H-OH eclipsed

14kJ/mol = 8kJ/mol + H-OH eclipsed

14kJ/mol - 8kJ/mol = H-OH eclipsed

Therefore H-OH eclipsed = 6kJ/mol

Keeping water clean. Keeping water supplies clean requires regular measurement of levels of pollutants. The measurements are indirect—a typical analysis involves forming a dye by a chemical reaction with the dissolved pollutant, then passing light through the solution and measuring its "absorbence." To calibrate such measurements, the laboratory measures known standard solutions and uses regression to relate absorbence and pollutant concentration. This is usually done every day. Here is one series of data on the absorbence for different levels of nitrates. Nitrates are measured in milligrams per liter of water:19

Answers

Answer:

n g ng

Explanation:

chn gcfn h

1.35 Draw structures for all constitutional isomers with the following molecular formulas: (a) C6H14 (b) C2H5Cl (c) C2H4Cl2 (d ) C2H3Cl3

Answers

I hope this will help ;)

The structures for all constitutional isomers with the following molecular formulas a) CH₃-CH₃-CH₃-CH₃-C₂H₂ b) CH₃-CH₂-Cl  c) CH₃-CH₂-Cl d) CH₂-CH-Cl .

What are isomers?

The isomers are those compounds which contain same molecular formula but different molecular structures but the physical and chemical properties will be same like melting and boiling points.

The isomers for the formula will be,

(a) C6H14 = CH₃-CH₃-CH₃-CH₃-C₂H₂

(b) C2H5Cl = CH₃-CH₂-Cl

(c) C2H4Cl2 = CH₃-CH₂-Cl

(d ) C2H3Cl3 = CH₂-CH-Cl .

The compounds are same in molecular formula but the representation of structure is different.

Therefore,  a) CH₃-CH₃-CH₃-CH₃-C₂H₂ b) CH₃-CH₂-Cl  c) CH₃-CH₂-Cl d) CH₂-CH-Cl . structures for all constitutional isomers with the following molecular formulas.

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To enhance glycogen storage after exercise, an athlete weighing 175 lb should consume how many grams of carbohydrate every hour for 4 hours postexercise?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:hiii

80 to 95 grams of carbohydrate should be consumed every hour for 4 hours post-exercise.

What is a carbohydrate?

Carbohydrates are biomolecules that are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Examples of carbohydrates are starch, sugar, fiber.

Carbohydrate is the main component of our food which gives us energy.

If an athlete weighs 175 lb and has to exercise every four hours.

He will need a regular amount of carbohydrates to get energy.

Thus, the amount of carbohydrate required is 80 to 95 grams.

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The NaCl crystal structure consists of alternating Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions lying next to each other in three dimensions. If the Na⁺ radius is 56.4% of the Cl⁻ radius and the distance between Na⁺ nuclei is 566 pm, what are the radii of the two ions?

Answers

Answer : The radii of the two ions Cl⁻ ion and Na⁺ ion is, 181 and 102 pm respectively.

Explanation :

As we are given that the Na⁺ radius is 56.4% of the Cl⁻ radius.

Let us assume that the radius of Cl⁻ be, (x) pm

So, the radius of Na⁺ = [tex]x\times \frac{56.4}{100}=(0.564x)pm[/tex]

In the crystal structure of NaCl, 2 Cl⁻ ions present at the corner and 1 Na⁺ ion present at the edge of lattice.

Thus, the edge length is equal to the sum of 2 radius of Cl⁻ ion and 2 radius of Na⁺ ion.

Given:

Distance between Na⁺ nuclei = 566 pm

Thus, the relation will be:

[tex]2\times \text{Radius of }Cl^-+2\times \text{Radius of }Na^+=\text{Distance between }Na^+\text{ nuclei}[/tex]

[tex]2\times x+2\times 0.564x=566[/tex]

[tex]2x+1.128x=566[/tex]

[tex]3.128x=566[/tex]

[tex]x=180.9\approx 181pm[/tex]

The radius of Cl⁻ ion = (x) pm = 181 pm

The radius of Na⁺ ion = (0.564x) pm = (0.564 × 181) pm =102.084 pm ≈ 102 pm

Thus, the radii of the two ions Cl⁻ ion and Na⁺ ion is, 181 and 102 pm respectively.

1. In the investigation of an unknown alcohol, there was a positive Jones test and a negative Lucas test. What deductions may be made as to the nature of the alcohol? State reasons for your deductions. 2. Draw the structures of the products formed from each of the knowns in the Lucas test. If no product is formed, indicate that with the statement "no reaction" in place of products. 3. Repeat question 2 with the Jones test.

Answers

Answer:

1. When observing a positive test for the jones reagent and negative for the Lucas test, it indicates that it is in the presence of a primary alcohol.

Jones reagent behaves like a strong oxidant, where it transforms the primary alcohols into carboxylic acids and the secondary alcohols into ketones. Tertiary alcohols do not react.

With the Lucas test, tertiary alcohols react immediately producing turbidity, while secondary alcohols do so in five minutes. Primary alcohols do not react significantly with Lucas reagent at room temperature.

2. No reaction (See the attached drawing)

3. (see the attached drawing)

Draw the partial (valence-level) orbital diagram, and write the symbol, group number, and period number of the element:
(a) [He] 2s²2p⁴
(b) [Ne] 3s²3p³

Answers

Answer :

(a) The symbol, group number, and period number of the element is, O, 16 and 2 respectively.

(b) The symbol, group number, and period number of the element is, P, 15 and 3 respectively.

Explanation :

Electronic configuration : It is defined as the representation of electrons around the nucleus of an atom.

Number of electrons in an atom are determined by the electronic configuration.

To identify the block of the element after you get its electronic configuration:

(i) If the element belongs to s-block.

Group number = Number of valence electrons (or outermost shell electrons).

(ii) If the element belongs to p- block.

Group number = No. of valence electrons + 10 .i.e., 10 + np electrons + ns electrons.

(iii) If the element belongs to d-block.

Group no. = no. of electrons in (n-1) d subshell + no. of electron/s in ns shell.

(iv) If the element belongs to f-block, Group no. = 3.

(a) [He] 2s²2p⁴

From the given electronic configuration, we conclude that it has 6 valence electrons and belongs to p-block. So, it belongs to group number 16 (6+10).

The highest energy level in the electronic configuration shows the period number. In this, highest energy level is (n=2). So, the period number is, 2.

Thus, the element which is present in 2nd period and 16 group number is, oxygen (O).

(b) [Ne] 3s²3p³

From the given electronic configuration, we conclude that it has 5 valence electrons and belongs to p-block. So, it belongs to group number 15 (5+10).

The highest energy level in the electronic configuration shows the period number. In this, highest energy level is (n=3). So, the period number is, 3.

Thus, the element which is present in 3rd period and 15 group number is, phosphorous (P).

A solution containing potassium bromide is mixed with one containing lead acetate to form a solution that is 0.013 M in KBr and 0.0035 M in Pb(C2H3O2)2 . Part A Will a precipitate form in the mixed solution

Answers

Answer: The precipitate will not be formed in the above solution.

Explanation:

The chemical equation for the reaction of potassium bromide and lead acetate follows:

[tex]2KBr(aq.)+Pb(CH_3COO)_2(aq.)\rightarrow PbBr_2(s)+2CH_3COOK(aq.)[/tex]

We are given:

Concentration of KBr = 0.013 M

Concentration of lead acetate = 0.0035 M

1 mole of KBr produces 1 mole of potassium ions and 1 mole of bromide ions

So, concentration of bromide ions = 0.013 M

1 mole of lead (II) acetate produces 1 mole of lead (II) ions and 2 moles of acetate ions

So, concentration of lead (II) ions = 0.0035 M

The salt produced is lead (II) bromide

The equation follows:

[tex]PbBr_2(s)\rightleftharpoons Pb^{2+}(aq.)+2Br^-(aq.)[/tex]

The expression of [tex]Q_{sp}[/tex] for above equation follows:

[tex]Q_{sp}=[Pb^{2+}]\times [Br^-]^2[/tex]

Putting values of the concentrations in above expression, we get:

[tex]Q_{sp}=(0.0035)\times (0.013)^2\\\\Q_{sp}=5.92\times 10^{-7}[/tex]

We know that:

[tex]K_{sp}[/tex] for lead (II) bromide = [tex]4.67\times 10^{-6}[/tex]

There are 3 conditions:

When [tex]K_{sp}>Q_{sp}[/tex]; the reaction is product favored. (No precipitation)When [tex]K_{sp}<Q_{sp}[/tex]; the reaction is reactant favored. (Precipitation occurs)When [tex]K_{sp}=Q_{sp}[/tex]; the reaction is in equilibrium. (sparingly soluble)

As, the [tex]Q_{sp}[/tex] is less than [tex]K_{sp}[/tex]. The above reaction is product favored. This means that no salt or precipitate will be formed.

Hence, the precipitate will not be formed in the above solution.

The electron in a ground-state H atom absorbs a photon of wavelength 97.20 nm. To what energy level does it move?

Answers

Final answer:

When a hydrogen atom in the ground state absorbs a photon of wavelength 97.20 nm, it moves to energy level 2.

Explanation:

When a hydrogen atom in the ground state absorbs a photon of wavelength 97.20 nm, it moves to a higher energy level. To determine the energy level, we can reference the Lyman series of photons, which have energies capable of exciting the hydrogen atom from the ground state to higher energy levels. By comparing the wavelength of the absorbed photon to the wavelengths of the Lyman series, we can find the corresponding energy level.

Based on the information given, the first five wavelengths in the Lyman series are 121.6 nm, 102.6 nm, 97.3 nm, 95.0 nm, and 93.8 nm. The ground state energy of hydrogen is -13.6 eV. By calculating the energies corresponding to these wavelengths, we find that the absorbed photon with a wavelength of 97.20 nm corresponds to the energy level 2. Thus, the electron in the ground state hydrogen atom moves to energy level 2 when absorbing a photon with a wavelength of 97.20 nm.

5. Consider the process where nA mol of gas A initially at 1 bar pressure mix with nB mol of gas B also at 1 bar to form 1 mol of a uniform mixture of A and B at a final total pressure of 1 bar, and all at constant temperature T. Assume that all gases behave ideally. a. Show that the entropy change, mixSm, for this process is given by mixSm

Answers

Answer:

ΔSmix,m = 5.7628 J/K.mol

Explanation:

mix: A + B

∴ nA = x mol A

∴ nB = y mol B

⇒ n mix = x + y = 1 mol

∴ P total = 1 bar

∴ T: constant

entropy of gases when mixing:

ΔSmix = - nA*R*LnXA - nB*R*LnXB

∴ XA = x/1 = x

∴ XB = y/1 = y

⇒ ΔSmix = - x*R*Lnx - y*R*Lny

assuming: x = y = 0.5 mol

⇒ ΔSmix = - (0.5)(R)(- 0.693) - (0.5)(R)(- 0.693)

⇒ ΔSmix = (0.3465)(R) + (0.3465)(R)

⇒ ΔSmix = (0.6931)(R)

∴ R = 8.314 J/K.mol

⇒ ΔSmix,m = (0.6931)(8.314 J/K.mol)

⇒ ΔSmix,m = 5.7628 J/K.mol

Rank the following compounds in order of increasing acidity. A: h5ch17p19b1 B: h5ch17p19a1 C: h5ch17p19c1

Answers

Answer: Least Acidic:  A

Moderate Acidic: C

Most Acidic: B

Explanation:

Final answer:

Given compounds' acidity cannot be determined as the molecular formulas seem incorrect. Normally, acidity is determined by factors such as the presence of hydrogen atoms and their ability to be donated influenced by bond polarity and molecular structure.

Explanation:

The acidity of the given compounds cannot be determined as the given molecular formulas (h5ch17p19b1, h5ch17p19a1, h5ch17p19c1) appear to be incorrect or non-standard. Typically, the acidity of a compound is influenced by factors like the presence of hydrogen atoms, how easily these can be donated (as determined by bond polarity and structure of the molecule), and the stability of the conjugate base after a hydrogen atom has been donated.

In common terminology, acidity refers to the ability of a substance to donate a proton (H+) in a chemical reaction. The traditional scale for measuring acidity is the pH scale, where lower pH values indicate higher acidity.

Learn more about Chemical Acidity here:

https://brainly.com/question/31507433

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You have 716.7 ml of 3.86 M HCl. Using a volumetric pipet, you take 119.56 ml of that solution and dilute it to 969.88 ml in a volumetric flask. Now you take 100.00 ml of that solution and dilute it to 145.62 ml in a volumetric flask. What is the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the final solution? Enter to 4 decimal places.

Answers

Answer:

0.327 M is the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the final solution.

Explanation:

Case 1:

716.7 ml of 3.86 M HCl. Using a volumetric pipet, you take 119.56 ml of that solution and dilute it to 969.88 ml in a volumetric flask.

Before dilution :

[tex]M_1=3.86 M, V_1=119.56 ml[/tex]

After dilution :

[tex]M_2=?, V_2=969.88 ml[/tex]

[tex]M_1V_1=M_2V_2[/tex] ( dilution )

[tex]M_2=\frac{M_1V_1}{V_2}=\frac{3.86 M\times 119.56 mL}{969.88 mL}[/tex]

[tex]M_2=0.4758 M[/tex]

Case 2:

Now you take 100.00 ml of case 1 solution and dilute it to 145.62 ml in a volumetric flask

Before diluting it further  :

[tex]M_2=0.4758 M, V_1=100.00 ml[/tex]

After dilution :

[tex]M_3=?, V_3=145.62 ml[/tex]

[tex]M_3V_3=M_2V_2[/tex] ( dilution )

[tex]M_3=\frac{M_2V_2}{V_3}=\frac{0.4758 M\times 100.00 mL}{145.62 mL}[/tex]

[tex]M_3=0.327 M[/tex]

0.327 M is the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the final solution.

A tank contains 0.5 m3 of nitrogen (N2) at 2718C and 1356 kPa. Determine the mass of nitrogen, in kg, using (a) the ideal gas model. (b) data from the compressibility chart. Comment on the applicability of the ideal gas model for nitrogen at this state.

Answers

Answer: (a) m=7.64kg (b)m=7.64kg

Explanation: (a) Calculating the mass of nitrogen using the ideal gas model:

P.V=n.R.T

Note: as pressure is in Pascal and volume is in m³, the constant R will be 8,31J/K.mol.

Totransform kPa in Pa: P=1356kPa → P=1356.10³ Pa

To use the temperature, it has to be in Kelvin: T=2718°C → T = 2718 + 273 = 2991K

P.V=n.R.T  

n=(P.V) / (R.T)

n= (1356.10³. 0.5) / (8.31.2991)

n= 27,28 mols

For nitrogen, 1 mol = 28,014 g so m=764,22g or, in this case, m=764220kg.

(b) To calculate the mass with the compressibility chart, use a compatibility factor Z, which is Z=(p.v) / (R.T). If the factor Z=1, the gas behaves ideally.

This means that, in general, gases behaves almost ideally. So, in this case, calculating the mass of nitrogen by the ideal gas law or the Z factor will result in the same quantity.

Compound A melts at 220.5-222.1 degrees C and compound B melts at 221.2 - 223.4 degrees C. When mixed together, the mixture of A and B melts at 216.4 - 224.6 degrees C. Are compounds A and B the same compound? Explain.

Answers

Answer:

NO, they are not the same compound

Explanation:

Given that;

Compound A melts at  220.5 °C - 222.1 °C;      &

Compound B melts at   221.2 °C - 223.4 °C

It is seen from above that there is little difference in the melting point of Compound A and B. This little difference can be as a result of factors associated when carrying the melting process or because different methods were employed in the establishing their melting points.

Also, we were told that when they were both mixed together ,  the mixture of compound A and B melts at 216.4 °C  - 224.6 °C.

This statement has largely indicated that both compounds are not the same at all, because if they were, the mixture of compound A and B melting point must be identical to one of the individual compound's melting point either from compound A or from compound B.

(4 points) The following lead compound for a pharmaceutical drug contains a rotatable bond. Using the principles of rigidification, draw two analogs that would enable testing of two different conformations

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The solution has been attached

Suppose a liquid level from 5.5 to 8.6 m is linearly converted to pneumatic pressure from 3 to 15 psi. What pressure will result from a level of 7.2 m? What level does a pressure of 4.7 psi represent?

Answers

Answer:

a) P = 9.58 psi for  h=7.2 m

b) P=4.7 psi for h=5.94 m

Explanation:

Since the pressure Pon a static liquid level h is

P= p₀ + ρ*g*h

where p₀= initial pressure , ρ=density , g = gravity

then he variation of the liquid level Δh will produce a variation of pressure of

ΔP= ρ*g*Δh → ΔP/Δh =  ρ*g = ( 15 psi - 3 psi) /( 8.6 m - 5.5 m)  = 12/3.1 psi/m

if the liquid level is converted linearly

P = P₁ + ΔP/Δh*(h -h₁)

therefore choosing  P₁ = 3 psi and h₁= 5.5 m , for h=7.2 m

P = 3 psi  + 12/3.1 psi/m *(7.2 m -5.5 m) = 9.58 psi

then P = 9.58 psi for  h=7.2 m

for P=4.7 psi

4.7 psi = 3 psi  + 12/3.1 psi/m *(h -5.5 m)

h = (4.7 psi - 3 psi)/ (12/3.1 psi/m) + 5.5 m = 5.94 m

then P=4.7 psi for h=5.94 m

A chemist dissolves 716.mg of pure potassium hydroxide in enough water to make up 130.mL of solution. Calculate the pH of the solution. (The temperature of the solution is 25 degree C.) Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.

Answers

Answer: The pH of the solution is 13.0

Explanation:

To calculate the molarity of solution, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}\times 1000}{\text{Molar mass of solute}\times \text{Volume of solution (in mL)}}[/tex]

Given mass of KOH = 716. mg = 0.716 g    (Conversion factor:  1 g = 1000 mg)

Molar mass of KOH = 56 g/mol

Volume of solution = 130 mL

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]\text{Molarity of solution}=\frac{0.716\times 1000}{56g/mol\times 130}\\\\\text{Molarity of solution}=0.098M[/tex]

1 mole of KOH produces 1 mole of hydroxide ions and 1 mole of potassium ions

To calculate hydroxide ion concentration of the solution, we use the equation:

[tex]pOH=-\log[OH^-][/tex]

We are given:

[tex[[OH^-]=0.098M[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]pOH=-\log(0.098)\\\\pOH=1.00[/tex]

To calculate the pH of the solution, we use the equation:

pOH + pH = 14

So,  pH = 14 - 1.00 = 13.0

Hence, the pH of the solution is 13.0

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