Two small metal spheres are 26.50 cm apart. The spheres have equal amounts of negative charge and repel each other with a force of 0.03500 N. What is the charge on each sphere?

Answer : The intensity of sound level in decibels is, 169 dB

Explanation:

The expression used for the intensity of sound level is given by the equation:

[tex]P=10\times \log \frac{I}{I_o}[/tex]

where,

I = final intensity = [tex]7.53\times 10^4W/m^2[/tex]

[tex]I_o[/tex] = initial intensity = threshold intensity of human hearing = [tex]10^{-12}W/m^2[/tex]

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

[tex]P=10\times \log \frac{7.53\times 10^4W/m^2}{10^{-12}W/m^2}[/tex]

[tex]P=168.767dB\approx 169dB[/tex]

Thus, the intensity of sound level in decibels is, 169 dB

Final answer:

The sound intensity level in decibels of the ultrasound used to pulverize tissue during surgery is 160 dB.

Explanation:

The sound intensity level in decibels (dB) of ultrasound with an intensity of 7.53 × 10^4 W/m² used to pulverize tissue during surgery can be calculated using the formula:

IdB = 10 log10 (I/I0)

where I is the given intensity (7.53 × 10^4 W/m²) and I0 is the reference intensity (10^-12 W/m²).

Using the formula:

IdB = 10 log10 (7.53 × 10^4 / 10^-12)

We can calculate:

IdB = 10 log10 (7.53 × 10^16)

IdB = 10 × 16 (using log10 (ab) = b × log10 (a))

IdB = 160 dB

Therefore, the sound intensity level in decibels of the given ultrasound is 160 dB.

Answer:

The answer to your question is letter C. 21900.3. My result was 21945 J, letter C is close to this result.

Explanation:

Data

mass = 150 g

temperature 1 = T1 = 10°C

temperature 2 = T2 = 45°C

Cw = 4.18 J/g°C

Formula

Q = mCΔT = mC(T2 - T1)

Substitution

Q = (150)(4.18)(45 - 10)

Simplification

Q = (150)(4.18)(35)

Result

Q = 21945 J

Answer:

[tex]3.64\times 10^{-14} N[/tex] is the magnitude of the force required to accelerate an electron of given mass.

Explanation:

Initial velocity of the electron = u

Final velocity of the electron = v = [tex]2.0\times 10^7 m/s[/tex]

Acceleration of the electron = a =?

Distance covered by electron= s = 0.50 cm =  0.005 m ( 1 cm = 0.01 m)

Using third equation of motion :

[tex]v^2-u^2=2as[/tex]

[tex](2.0\times 10^7 m/s)-0^2=2\times a\times 0.005 m[/tex]

[tex]a=4\times 10^{16} m/s^2[/tex]

Mass of an electron = [tex]m=9.1 \times 10^{-31} kg[/tex]

Force on moving electron = F

[tex]F = m\times a[/tex]

[tex]=9.1 \times 10^{-31} kg\times 4\times 10^{16} m/s^2=3.64\times 10^{-14} N[/tex]

[tex]3.64\times 10^{-14} N[/tex] is the magnitude of the force required to accelerate an electron of given mass.

The magnitude of the force required to accelerate an electron is [tex]3.64 \times 10^{-18}N[/tex]

According to Newton's second law, the formula for calculating the required force is expressed as:

Get the required acceleration;

[tex]v^2=u^2+2as\\(2.0 \times 10^7)^2=0^2+2(0.005)a\\4.0 \times 10^{14}=0.01a\\a=4.0\times 10^{12}m/s^2[/tex]

Geet the magnitude of the force required:

[tex]F=9.1\times 10^{-31} \times 4.0 \times 10^{12}\\F=36.4 \times 10^{-19}N\\F=3.64 \times 10^{-18}N[/tex]

Hence the magnitude of the force required to accelerate an electron is [tex]3.64 \times 10^{-18}N[/tex]

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Answer: B) hydrogen bonding

Explanation:

A) An ionic bond is formed when an element completely transfers its valence electron to another element.

B) Hydrogen bonds are special type of dipole dipole forces which are formed when hydrogen bonds with an electronegative element.

DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases on one strand and those on the other. Adenine and thymine have two hydrogen bonds between them while cytosine and guanine have three hydrogen bonds between them.

C) Non-polar covalent bond is defined as the bond which is formed when there is no difference of electronegativities between the atoms.

D) A polar covalent bond is defined as the bond which is formed when there is a difference of electronegativities between the atoms.

When DNA is replicated, the two strands unzip temporarily. The strands are held together by hydrogen bonding.

When DNA is replicated, the two strands temporarily unzip or separate from each other. The type of bonding that holds the strands together is hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding occurs between the nitrogenous bases of the DNA strands.

These bases, adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G), form complementary base pairs with each other, with adenine pairing with thymine and cytosine pairing with guanine.

The hydrogen bonds between these base pairs keep the two DNA strands connected.

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Answer:

The yeast respired aerobically

Explanation:

The expectation here was that the yeast was going to put the sugar in the grape juice through fermentation, which is an anaerobic process that results in alcohol as one of the products. However since no alcohol was found in this particular example, it is fair to assume that maybe there was oxygen in teh muxture and therefore the yeast respired aerobically, producing water and carbon dioxide as products.

Answer:

The mass of air is 8.245 g

The mass of helium is 1.145 g

The difference is 7.1 g

Explanation:

Total mass (air and helium) = PVM/RT

P is total pressure in the tire = 120 Psi = 120/14.696 = 8.17 atm

V is volume of the tire = 860 mL = 860 cm^3

M is the total molar mass of air and helium = 28.8 + 4= 32.8 g/mol

R is gas constant = 82.057 cm^3.atm/mol.K

T is temperature = 26°C = 26+273 = 299 K

Total mass = 8.17×860×32.8/82.057×299 = 9.39 g

Mass of air = mass fraction of air × total mass = 28.8/32.8 × 9.39 = 8.245 g

Mass of helium = total mass - mass of air = 9.39 - 8.245 = 1.145 g

Difference = 8.245 - 1.145 = 7.1 g

To calculate the mass of air in an air-filled tire, you can use the ideal gas law equation PV = nRT. The mass of air in the tire is 142.57 g. To calculate the mass of helium in a helium-filled tire, use the same equation and the molar mass of helium. The mass of helium in the tire is 19.84 g. The mass difference between the two is -122.73 g, indicating that the helium-filled tire is lighter than the air-filled tire.

To calculate the mass of air in an air-filled tire, we can use the ideal gas law equation PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

First, we need to convert the volume from mL to L and the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin. So, the volume is 0.860 L, and the temperature is 26 + 273 = 299 K.

Next, we rearrange the ideal gas law equation to solve for n, the number of moles: n = PV / RT. Substituting the values, we get n = (120 psi x 0.860 L) / (0.0821 L.atm/mol.K x 299 K) = 4.96 moles.

The molar mass of air is given as 28.8 g/mol, so the mass of air in the tire is 4.96 moles x 28.8 g/mol = 142.57 g.

To calculate the mass of helium in a helium-filled tire, we can follow the same steps as above, but use the molar mass of helium (4 g/mol) instead. Substituting the values, we get n = (120 psi x 0.860 L) / (0.0821 L.atm/mol.K x 299 K) = 4.96 moles.

So, the mass of helium in the tire is 4.96 moles x 4 g/mol = 19.84 g.

To find the mass difference between the two, we subtract the mass of air from the mass of helium: 19.84 g - 142.57 g = -122.73 g. The negative sign indicates that the helium-filled tire is lighter than the air-filled tire by 122.73 g.

Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

When we increase the temperature of a chemical reaction then molecules of the given reaction will gain kinetic energy. As a result, they will come into motion and then collide frequently with each other.

For a reaction to increase its rate it is important that the particles must collide in a correct orientation.

Thus, we can conclude that the rate of a reaction generally increase with increased temperature because at higher temperatures, molecules are more likely to collide with each other in the correct orientation.

Final answer:

The rate of a reaction increases with temperature due to more frequent collisions, collisions with greater energy exceeding the activation energy, and a higher likelihood of correct molecular orientation during these collisions.

So, correct options are A, B, and D.

Explanation:

The rate of a reaction generally increases with increased temperature for multiple reasons. At higher temperatures, molecules move more quickly which leads to an increase in the frequency of collisions between them. Furthermore, with the rise in kinetic energy, there is a greater chance that these collisions will have enough activation energy to result in a reaction. Also, as molecules move faster, they are more likely to collide in the correct orientation to instigate a reaction.

Options A and B are correct because molecules are more likely to collide and do so with the correct orientation at higher temperatures. Option D is also correct because the increase in kinetic energy means more collisions will have the required activation energy. However, Option C is not accurate because the potential energy difference between reactants and products does not depend on temperature.

Answer:

The formula of the scandium chloride produced in the reaction is ScCL₃

Explanation:

With the given data, you can know the molar relationship between Sc and H₂ (molar ratio) to determine the reaction stoichiometry of the reaction (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction).

Then: [tex]molar ratio=\frac{moles Sc}{moles H_{2} }[/tex]

Knowing that:

and knowing that the number of moles (n) of a compound can be calculated as: [tex]n=\frac{mass}{molar mass}[/tex]

Then:

So:

[tex]molarratio=\frac{0.047}{0.071}[/tex]

Then it is possible to say that the molar ratio is approximately equal to [tex]\frac{2}{3}[/tex]. This indicates that by stoichiometry 2 moles of Sc are needed to produce 3 moles of H₂.

So:

2 Sc + HCl → ScCL₃ + 3 H₂

The law of conservation of matter states that since no atom can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, the number of atoms that are present in the reagents has to be equal to the number of atoms present in the products.

Then, balancing the equation so that the same amount of moles of each element on each side of the equation is obtained:

2 Sc + 6 HCl → 2 ScCL₃ + 3 H₂

The formula of the scandium chloride produced in the reaction is ScCL₃

Answer:

3.67 kilograms is the mass of a given ice on the earth's surface.

Explanation:

Weight of an object is the force acting on an object by virtue of its mass.

Weight(W)=[tex]mass(m)\times acceleration(a)[/tex]

We have :

Mass of an ice = m =?

Acceleration due to gravity ,a = [tex]9.8m/s^2[/tex]

Weight of an ice , W= 36.0 N

Putting in the values we get,

[tex]36.0 N=m\times 9.8 g/m^2[/tex]

[tex]m=\frac{36.0 N}{9.8 m/s^2}=3.67 kg[/tex]

3.67 kilograms is the mass of a given ice on the earth's surface.

Answer:

[tex]m=22.3\ kg[/tex]

Explanation:

The expression for centrifugal force is shown below as:-

[tex]F=\frac{m\times v^2}{r}[/tex]

Where, m is the mass of the object = ?

v is the velocity of the object = 7.60 m/s

r is the radius

F is the force = 222 N

Diamter = 11.6 m

Radius = d/2 = 11.6 m/2 = 5.8 m

Applying the values in the above expression as:-

[tex]222=\frac{m\times {7.60}^2}{5.8}[/tex]

[tex]57.76m=1287.6[/tex]

[tex]m=22.3\ kg[/tex]

Answer:

1)collecting data

2)performing an investigation

3)communicating results

4)asking a question

5)providing explanation

Explanation:

Scenario 1 is matched with collecting data. Scenario 2 is matched with performing an investigation. Scenario 3 is matched with communicating results. Scenario 4 is matched with asking a question. Scenario 5 is matched with providing explanation for the given scientific practice using catalyst.

A catalyst is a material that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed or irreversibly transformed in the process. It promotes the process by giving a lower activation energy alternate reaction pathway. The activation energy is the smallest amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to take place. A catalyst permits the reaction to occur more rapidly and efficiently by decreasing the energy barrier.

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Explanation:

When the cylinder floats on the water the upstream pressure force acts on the wooden cylinder determines the thickness of the wooden cylinder.

When the cylinders float on the gas, the force of the upward thrust correlates to the weight of the water.

Answer is 5.3 X 10 − 3  k g / m 3

Material density is the correlation between the material's mass as well as how much room (volume) it occupies. A material is determined by the density of either the atoms, their size, and how they can be organised.

Answer : The root mean square speed is, [tex]4.33\times 10^{-3}m/s[/tex]

Explanation :

The formula used for root mean square speed is:

[tex]\nu_{rms}=\sqrt{\frac{3kN_AT}{M}}[/tex]

where,

[tex]\nu_{rms}[/tex] = root mean square speed

k = Boltzmann’s constant = [tex]1.38\times 10^{-23}J/K[/tex]

T = temperature = 100 nK = [tex]100\times 10^{-9}K[/tex]

M = atomic mass of cesium = 132.91 g/mole  = 0.13291 kg/mole

[tex]N_A[/tex] = Avogadro’s number = [tex]6.02\times 10^{23}mol^{-1}[/tex]

Now put all the given values in the above root mean square speed formula, we get:

[tex]\nu_{rms}=\sqrt{\frac{3\times (1.38\times 10^{-23}J/K)\times (6.02\times 10^{23}mol^{-1})\times (100\times 10^{-9}K)}{0.13291kg/mole}}[/tex]

[tex]\nu_{rms}=4.33\times 10^{-3}m/s[/tex]

Thus, the root mean square speed is, [tex]4.33\times 10^{-3}m/s[/tex]

The rms speed of cesium atoms at 100 nk can be estimated using the formula for the root mean square speed, which involves the temperature and mass of the cesium atom. However, at such low temperatures, quantum mechanical effects become important, and the classical formula may not provide an accurate result.

The question you've asked about the rms (root mean square) speed of cesium atoms cooled to a temperature of 100 nanokelvins (nk) involves a calculation based on the kinetic molecular theory of gases. The rms speed of the atoms in a gas can be found using the formula:

[tex]\(v_{rms} = \sqrt{\frac{3kT}{m}}\)[/tex]

where:

Since cesium atoms are cooled to 100 nk, we can assume this is much lower than room temperature and requires quantum mechanical considerations for a precise answer. In ultra-cold conditions such as these, traditional formulas based on classical physics may not be sufficient, and one usually has to consider quantum mechanical effects. However, if we continue with the classical approach, you would need the mass of a cesium atom to calculate the rms speed.

For educational purposes, to calculate this, you need the mass of a cesium atom in kilograms and plug the values into the formula to get [tex]\(v_{rms}\)[/tex]ind that the temperature provided must be converted into kelvins, but since nanokelvins are already a Kelvin measurement, no conversion is needed. Be aware that the classical formula may not hold true at such low temperatures due to quantum effects.

Answer:

The correct answer is 1 and 4, thus

Testing for the presence of 1. Thymine (DNA) and 4. Uracil (RNA)

Explanation:

DNA and RNA differ in the composition of their nucleotides in that one of their four nucleotide organic bases differs in the two polymers. While bases adenine, guanine, and cytosine are present in RNA and DNA; only DNA contains thymine DNA, and only RNA contains uracil. These components, Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Uracil and Cytosine are abbreviated as A, G, T, U, and C, respectively. Their acronyms above are used to represent long complexes formed by these bases.

To differentiate between RNA and DNA, test for uracil, which indicates RNA, as thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA. This test is feasible due to the exclusive presence of uracil in RNA.

To determine whether a nucleic acid sample is composed of RNA or DNA, testing for the presence of uracil is most appropriate. DNA contains the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), while RNA contains adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil (U) instead of thymine. Therefore, the presence of uracil would indicate the sample is RNA, while the presence of thymine would suggest it is DNA. This is because uracil is exclusive to RNA, and thymine is exclusive to DNA.

Other differences between DNA and RNA include the sugar present in their nucleotides; DNA contains deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose. This distinction, however, is not typically tested for since it is more challenging to do without specialized equipment.

Answer: 1024

Linear search's runtime is proportional to the number of list elements.

Answer:

1.8 atm

Explanation:

As temperature and moles of a gas reamin both constant, we can say that:

Pressure₁ . Volume₁ = Pressure₂ . Volume₂

1.20 atm . 600 mL = Pressure₂ . 400 mL

(1.20 atm . 600 mL) / 400 mL = Pressure ₂ → 1.8 atm

Answer:

The answer to your question is A. Common

Explanation:

Properties of metals

Gold is a metal and as a metal is silvery looking, has a high density, relatively soft and easily deformed, good conductor of heat and electricity.

From this information we can conclude that letter B, C and D are properties of gold and the answer is A. Common

Answer:

The answer to your question is below

Explanation:

                                         Trial 1                   Trial 2

mass of Mg                      0.255 g                0.353 g

mass of MgO                   0.418 g                 0.576 g

Chemical reaction

                                2Mg(s)    +  O₂(g)     ⇒   2MgO(s)

Question 1.

Atomic mass of Mg = 24.31 x 2 = 48.62 g

Molecular mass of MgO = 2(24.31 + 16) = 80.62 g

Trial 1

                          48.62 g of Mg ----------------- 80.62 g of MgO

                          0.255 g            ----------------   x

                          x = (0.255 x 80.62)/48.62

                          x = 0.422 g of MgO

Trial 2                48.62 g of Mg ----------------- 80.62 g of MgO

                          0.353 g            ----------------   x

                          x = (0.353 x 80.62)/48.62

                          x = 0.585 g of MgO

Question 2

Trial 1          

Percent yield = 0.418/0.422 x 100 = 99%

Trial 2

Percent yield = 0.576/0.585 x 100 = 98.5%

Question 3

Average = (99 + 98.5)/2

              = 98.75%

The false statement about enzymes is C: Enzymes are monomers used to build proteins. In fact, enzymes are proteins, but they aren't monomers. The monomers for proteins are amino acids.

The statement about enzymes that is false is C: Enzymes are monomers used to build proteins. In reality, enzymes are proteins themselves, but they are not monomers. A monomer is a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer. In the case of proteins, the monomers are the amino acids, not enzymes. Option A, B and D are correct. Enzymes do indeed increase the rate of chemical reactions (A), function as chemical catalysts (B) and regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell (D).

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The incorrect statement about enzymes is that they are monomers used to build proteins. Instead, enzymes are complex proteins made up of amino acids, which are the monomers. Enzymes act as catalysts, accelerating chemical reactions and playing vital roles in cellular metabolism.

The false statement about enzymes is: C. They are monomers used to build proteins. This is incorrect as enzymes are not monomers, but are typically complex proteins, which are themselves composed of monomers called amino acids. Here are the explanations for each option: A. Enzymes do increase the rate of chemical reactions by reducing activation energy, allowing reactions to proceed under physiologically tolerable conditions. B. They absolutely function as chemical catalysts, accelerating chemical reactions in cells. C. Enzymes are not monomers, they are typically complex proteins made up of amino acids, which are the monomers. D. Enzymes do regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell, playing a central role in cellular metabolism by catalyzing essential biochemical reactions.

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Answer:

The answer to your question is T2 = 20.93°K

Explanation:

Data

Volume 1 = V1 = 2.8 m³

Temperature 1 = T1 = 20°C

Volume 2 = V2 = 0.2 m³

Temperature 2 = T2 = ?

Process

To solve this problem use Charles' law

               [tex]\frac{V1}{T1} = \frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]

Solve for T2

               T2 = [tex]\frac{T1V2}{V1}[/tex]

1.- Convert temperature to °K

T1 = 20 + 273 = 293°K

2.- Substitute values

               T2 = [tex]\frac{(293)(0.2)}{2.8}[/tex]

3.- Simplify

               T2 = [tex]\frac{58.6}{2.8}[/tex]

4.- Result

               T2 = 20.92°K

Final answer:

The question seeks the temperature at which methane gas, initially at 2.8 m³ and 20°C, will expand to fill an additional 0.2 m³ tank, by applying Charles's Law to relate volume and temperature of a gas under constant pressure.

Explanation:

The question, "At what Celsius temperature will the methane fill both tanks?", involves understanding the principles of gas laws, specifically Charles's Law which relates volume and temperature of a gas at constant pressure. Given the initial volume of methane gas is 2.8 m³ at 20°C, and it will be released into a secondary tank of volume 0.2 m³ if the pressure increases, we're essentially looking for the temperature at which the total volume of 3.0 m³ (2.8 m³ + 0.2 m³) is achieved at constant pressure.

Charles's Law states that V1/T1 = V2/T2, where V refers to volume and T refers to temperature in Kelvin. To find the desired temperature, we first convert the initial temperature to Kelvin (20°C + 273.15 = 293.15 K), then solve for T2 while using the total volume as V2. Without going into the numerical solving part (since the specific question doesn't require it), the concept demonstrates the application of Charles's Law in determining the temperature that leads to the expansion of methane gas to fill both tanks.

Answer:

2H2O2-----2H2O+O2

Explanation:

This is because theres the same number of atoms of each element on both sides

Answer:

[tex]\frac{[HPO_4^{2-}]}{[H_2PO_4^{-}]}=1.26[/tex]

Explanation:

Considering the Henderson- Hasselbalch equation for the calculation of the pH of the buffer solution as:

pH=pKa+log[base]/[acid]

For the equilibrium buffer of dihydrogen phosphate, pKa = 7.10

pH = 7.20

[tex]pH=pKa+\log\frac{[base]}{[acid]}[/tex]

[tex]7.20=7.10+\log\frac{[HPO_4^{2-}]}{[H_2PO_4^{-}]}[/tex]

[tex]\log\frac{[HPO_4^{2-}]}{[H_2PO_4^{-}]}=0.10[/tex]

[tex]\frac{[HPO_4^{2-}]}{[H_2PO_4^{-}]}=1.26[/tex]

The [HPO42-]/[H2PO4-] ratio in an acetate buffer at pH 7.20 is approximately 1.26, calculated using the equation pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA]) and the provided pKa for dihydrogenphosphate.

To calculate the [HPO42-]/[H2PO4-] ratio in an acetate buffer at pH 7.20, we can use the equation pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA]). In this case, the pKa for dihydrogenphosphate is 7.10. Given that pH = 7.20, we can rewrite this as log ([HPO42-]/[H2PO4-]) = pH - pKa = 7.20 - 7.10 = 0.1. The anti-logarithm of 0.1 gives us around 1.26. Therefore, the [HPO42-]/[H2PO4-] ratio is approximately 1.26.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Solubility of many solid in a solvent increases with increase in temperature. Increase in temperature increases kinetic energy of the solute, increasing collision and weakens the intermolecular force within the solute. This makes the solute dissolve faster in their solvents.

During recrystallization, more solutes are added to the solvent at higher temperature so that a supersaturated solution is produced on cooling. As the solution cools the over saturated solute begins to precipitate out of the solution.

Recrystallization is a form of purification if solid, as the crystalline solids continue to precipitate it reject impurities are comes out as a purer solid

Answer:

2

Explanation:

To answer this correctly, we need to make a reference to the pH scale. Here we know that pH 1-6 stands for acidity where the smaller the value, the higher the concentration of H3O+ and the higher the acidity. Also, pH 7 stands for neutral, there is an interpreted balance here, where the concentrations are averagely equal. Also , we have pH 8 to 14 where we have the alkalinity, the higher the value the higher the concentration of OH-.

Now let’s solve the question at hand.

1 is wrong

Water is termed neutral with an average balance of the two ions. pH 9 means higher OH- which stipulates lesser H+ than water.

2 is correct

The pH is termed alkaline and has more hydroxide concentration than water.

3 is wrong

It should have a higher concentration of OH- than water

4 is wrong

It should have a higher acidity and lesser alkalinity. This translates to higher H+ and lower OH- relative to water

Final answer:

The enthalpy of combustion of two isomers with the same molecular formula will be different due to their different structural arrangements. The rod-shaped n-pentane has less possible vibrational and rotational motions compared to the almost spherical neopentane.

Explanation:

The enthalpy of combustion of two isomers with the same molecular formula will be different. Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. For example, the isomers of C4H10 are n-butane and isobutane. The balanced chemical equations for their combustion reactions are:

n-Butane: C4H10 + 6.5O2 → 4CO2 + 5H2O

Isobutane: C4H10 + 6.5O2 → 4CO2 + 5H2O

When calculating the combustion enthalpy from the standard enthalpies of formation of products and reactants, the difference in enthalpy will be due to the different standard enthalpies of combustion of the two isomers.

The rod-shaped n-pentane has less possible vibrational and rotational motions than the almost spherical neopentane. This is because neopentane is a more compact, three-dimensional molecule, while n-pentane is a linear molecule. Linear molecules have fewer degrees of freedom and therefore have fewer potential vibrational and rotational motions compared to more complex, three-dimensional molecules like neopentane.

The enthalpies of combustion for isomers are different due to structural variations. N-pentane has more vibrational and rotational motions compared to neopentane.

'We expect the enthalpy of combustion of two isomers to be different. The molecular formulas of two molecules are isomers, so the balanced chemical equations for the two combustion reactions are very similar. In calculation of combustion enthalpy from standard enthalpies of formation of products and reactants, the difference will be in the standard enthalpies of combustion of the two molecules.'

The rod-shaped n-pentane has more possible vibrational and rotational motions than the almost spherical neopentane.

Answer:

Therefore the required function is

[tex]C= \frac{5}{9} (F-32)[/tex]

Therefore 25°C=57°F

Explanation:

F denotes temperature of Fahrenheit and C denotes temperature of Celsius.

[tex]\frac{C-0}{100-0} =\frac{F-32}{212-32}[/tex]

[tex]\Rightarrow C= \frac{100}{180} (F-32)[/tex]

[tex]\Rightarrow C= \frac{5}{9} (F-32)[/tex]

Therefore the required function is

[tex]C= \frac{5}{9} (F-32)[/tex]

Putting C=25°C in above equation

[tex]25=\frac{5}{9} (F-32)[/tex]

[tex]\Rightarrow 25 \times \frac{9}{5} = F-32[/tex]

⇒45 =F-32

⇒F=32+45

⇒F=57

Therefore 25°C=57°F

The conversion function from Celsius to Fahrenheit is F = (C × 9/5) + 32. Using this, 25°C is converted to 77°F.

The subject of this question is temperature conversion between Celsius and Fahrenheit scales. To create a conversion function from Celsius to Fahrenheit, we use the relationship that a change of 1°C is equivalent to a change of 1.8°F. Since the freezing point of water is 0°C and 32°F, we can derive the following function for converting temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit:

F = (C × 9/5) + 32.

Using this function, we can convert 25°C into Fahrenheit as follows:

Therefore, 25°C is equal to 77°F.

Answer:

nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides

Explanation:

Factors responsible for antropogenic pollution are:

The primary air pollutants released from burning of fossil fuels are oxides of nitrogen, sulfur oxides and carbon monoxide.

Out of which the main pollutants that are responsible for acidic precipitation are oxides of nitrogen and sulfur oxides.

Sulfur oxides and Oxides of nitrogen reacts with moisture present in the air to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid respectively.

These acids get mixed with rain and cause acidic precipitation.

Therefore, the correct option is oxides of nitrogen and sulfur oxides.

Answer:

The answers to the question are as follows

First part

The mass of PbO2 (s) reduced at the cathode during the period is = 467.55_g

Second part

The electrical charge are transferred from Pb to PbO2 is 377186.86_C or 3.909 F  

Explanation:

To solve this, we write the equation for the discharge of the lead acid battery as

H₂SO₄ → H⁺ + HSO₄⁻

Pb (s) + HSO⁻₄ → PbSO₄ + H⁺ + 2e⁻

at the cathode we have

PbO₂ + 3H⁺ + HSO⁻₄ + 2e⁻ → PbSO₄ + 2H₂O

Summing the two equation or the total equation for discharge is

Pb (s) + PbO₂ + 2H₂SO₄ → 2PbSO₄ + 2H₂O

From the above one mole of lead and one mole of PbO₂  are consumed simultaneously hence

Number of moles of lead contained in 405 g of Pb with molar mass  = 207.2 g/mole = (405 g)/ (207.2 g/mole) = 1.95 mole of Pb

Hence number of moles of  PbO₂ reduced at the cathode = 1.95 mole

mass of  PbO₂ reduced at the cathode = (number of moles)×(molar mass)

= 1.95 mole × 239.2 g/mol = 467.55 g of Lead (IV) Oxide is reduced at the cathode

Part B

Each mole of Pb transfers 2e⁻ or 2 electrons, therefore 1.95 moles of Pb will transfer 2 × 1.95 = 3.909 moles of electrons transferred

Each electron carries a charge equal to -1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C or one mole of electrons carry a charge equal to 96,485.33 coulombs

hence 3.909 moles carries a charge = 3.909 × 96,485.33 coulombs =377186.86 Coulombs of electrical charge

or transferred electrical charge = 377186.86 C or 3.909 Faraday

Answer:

Explanation:

A) Moles Pb = [tex]\frac{405 g}{207.2 g/mol}[/tex]

[tex]= 1.95[/tex]

Moles Pb = moles [tex]PbO_2[/tex] reduced

Molar mass [tex]PbO_2 = 239.19 g/mol[/tex]

Grams [tex]PbO_2 = 1.95 mol * 239.19 g/mol[/tex]

[tex]= 466.42g[/tex]

B) 1 mol [tex]PbO_2[/tex] -------------------> 2 F electricity

1 .95 mol [tex]PbO_2[/tex] --------------> 2 * 1.95 F electricity = [tex]3.9F[/tex]

number of coulombs = [tex]3.9 * 96485C[/tex]

[tex]= 3.76*10^5C[/tex]

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Answer: Both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

Lipids are heterogeneous group of compounds of biochemical importance. Lipids may be defined as compounds which are relatively insoluble in water and are concentrated of energy source.

Fatty acids are aliphatic carboxylic acids and have the general formula, R-COOH, where COOH is the functional group and R group are hydrocarbon chain.

The structure of fat contains lot of C-C and C-H bonds and there are lot of calories, and therefore energy is packed into thier chemical structure.

Despite fat contains glycerol polar group, the long chains of hydrocarbon which are non polar makes fats insoluble in water.

Answer:

Both (a) and (b)

(a) rich in energy.

(b) insoluble in water.

Explanation:

Fats are stored as triesters (triglycerides), which when hydrolyzed form the three alcohol molecules (triglycerol) and three fatty acids. The acids that are liberated usually have long carbon chains that contain anywhere from 4 to 18 carbons. The C-C and C-H have high electron molecules present hence whey they are good sources of energy.

However, the bonding between carbon (C-C) and hydrogen (C-H) are not polar. This is because the electrons in covalent bonds are shared equally between the carbon and the hydrogen (due to their similar electronegative values) and there are no partial charges. Thus, long chains of C-C and C-H bonds form fats.