Two saturated aqueous solutions are prepared at 25 ºC.

One is made by dissolving lithium carbonate (Ksp = 8.15 x 10⁻⁴) in 100.0 mL of water until excess solid is present, while the other is prepared by dissolving lithium phosphate (Ksp = 2.37 x 10⁻⁴) in 200.0 mL of water until excess solid is present.

1) What is the molar concentration of Li¹⁺ in the lithium carbonate solution?

2) What is the molar concentration of Li¹⁺ in the lithium phosphate solution?

Please, show all calculation with comments. Thanks!

Answer:

answer in picture    It's B

Explanation:

Explanation:

A physical change is defined as a change that does not bring any difference in chemical composition of a substance.

For example, shape, size, mass, volume, density, etc of a substance are all physical properties.

So, when copper is drawn into wire then there will occur change in its shape but there will not be any change in its chemical composition.

Whereas when a change in chemical composition of a substance occurs then it is known as a chemical change.

Hence, we can conclude that change in the shape of copper when it is drawn into wire indicates a physical change.

There are 25 marbles in a box and 9 of the marbles are blue. What percent of the marbles are a color other than blue.

First, we need to understand what the problem is asking us to do. If we know that there are 9 marbles in the box that are blue and there are 25 marbles that are in the box altogether, we can subtract 9 from 25 and we get a difference of 16. Now we know that we need to find the percent of the marbles that are not blue.

16 ÷ 25 = 0.64

0.64 × 100 = 64%

Therefore, 64% of the marbles are a different color than blue and 36% of the marbles are blue.

Answer: Volume decreases to half of original volume

Explanation:

Boyle's Law: This law states that pressure is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas at constant temperature and number of moles.

[tex]P\propto \frac{1}{V}[/tex]     (At constant temperature and number of moles)

[tex]{P_1V_1}={P_2V_2}[/tex]

where,

[tex]P_1[/tex] = initial pressure of gas = p

[tex]P_2[/tex] = final pressure of gas = 2p

[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume of gas = v

[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume of gas = ?

Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get the final pressure of gas.

[tex]{p\times v}=2p\times V_2[/tex]

[tex]V_2=\frac{v}{2}[/tex]

Therefore, the final volume of the gas will become half of initial volume.

Final answer:

To find the vapor pressure of the glycerin solution, calculate the moles of glycerin and water, determine the mole fraction of water, and apply Raoult's law using the vapor pressure of pure water at the specified temperature.

Explanation:

To calculate the vapor pressure of the solution containing glycerin in water, we will use Raoult's law, which states that the vapor pressure of a solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent. The first step is to calculate the number of moles of glycerin (C3H8O3) by using its molar mass (92.09 g/mol), and then calculate the number of moles of water using its given density (1.00 g/mL) to convert the volume to mass and then to moles with its molar mass (18.015 g/mol).

Once we have both amounts in moles, we can calculate the mole fraction of water and apply Raoult's law to find the new vapor pressure of the solution, knowing the vapor pressure of pure water at the given temperature (30.0 °C) is 30.6 Torr.

The kc is a representation of how fast the reaction proceeds to their products when it has achieved equilibrium. The activation energy for the forward and the one for the reverse reaction are similar because they attained chemical equilibrium. A chemical equilibrium happens when both of the reactant and products achieve the same concentration. An example is the process of melting and freezing. Melting and freezing for a given substance occurs at the same temperature. Because the temperature at which the solid starts to melt is also the temperature at which the liquid starts to freeze. They are at chemical equilibrium.

The specific heat of olive oil is 2 J/g °C'

From the question,

We are to determine the specific heat of olive oil

From the formula

Q = mcΔT

Where Q is the quantity of heat

m is the mass of substance

c is the specific heat of substance

ΔT is the change in temperature

From the given information

Q = 435.2 J

m = 3.4 g

ΔT = 85 °C - 21 °C = 64 °C

Putting the above parameters into the formula, we get

435.2 = 3.4 × c × 64

435.2 = 217.6c

∴  c = 435.2 ÷ 217.6

c = 2 J/g °C

Hence, the specific heat of olive oil is 2 J/g °C

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The pressure in the vessel after the temperature increase is approximately 33.65 MPa.

We are given a scenario where liquefied natural gas (LNG) stored in a rigid, sealed vessel experiences a temperature increase beyond its critical point, causing it to transition from a liquid to a gas phase. We need to find the final pressure in the vessel using the ideal gas law.

2. Modeling the system:

We treat the LNG as pure methane ([tex]CH_4[/tex]) for simplification.

We assume the system behaves like an ideal gas, meaning it follows the ideal gas law.

3. Setting up the equation:

The ideal gas law relates pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), gas constant (R), and temperature (T) through the equation:

PV = nRT

4. Identifying known and unknown values:

V: 0.17 m³ (volume of the vessel)

R: 8.314 J/(mol·K) (universal gas constant)

T: 200 K (final temperature)

P: Unknown (pressure we need to solve for)

5. Converting mass of LNG to moles:

Molar mass of methane ([tex]CH_4[/tex]): 16.04 g/mol

Mass of LNG (m): 55 kg = 55,000 g

Number of moles (n):

n = m / molar mass

n = 55,000 g / 16.04 g/mol

n ≈ 3433 mol

6. Solving for pressure:

Plug the known values into the ideal gas law and solve for P:

P = (n * R * T) / V

P = (3433 mol * 8.314 J/(mol·K) * 200 K) / 0.17 m³

P ≈ 33,647,247 Pa

7. Converting units and expressing final answer:

Convert pressure from Pascal (Pa) to Megapascal (MPa):

P = 33,647,247 Pa * (1 MPa / 1,000,000 Pa)

P ≈ 33.65 MPa

The question probable may be:

55 kg of liquefied natural gas (lng) are stored in a rigid, sealed 0.17 m3 vessel. in this problem, model lng as 100% methane. due to a failure in the cooling/insulation system, the temperature increases to 200 k, which is above the critical temperature; thus, the natural gas will no longer be in the liquid phase. What would be  pressure in the vessel after the temperature increase

Answer:

The molality is [tex]0.8901m[/tex]

Explanation:

Let's start defining the molality.

[tex]Molality=\frac{MolSolute}{KgOfSolvent}[/tex]

We also know that in terms of masses :

[tex]SoluteMass+SolventMass=SolutionMass[/tex] (I)

Finally, we define the mass percent as :

[tex]MassPercent=\frac{MassOfSolute}{MassOfSolution}.(100)[/tex]

Using the data of the mass percent we find that :

[tex]13.82=\frac{MassOfSolute}{MassOfSolution}.(100)[/tex]

[tex]\frac{MassOfSolute}{MassOfSolution}=0.1382[/tex] ⇒ [tex]MassOfSolution=\frac{MassOfSolute}{0.1382}[/tex]    (II)

We know that the molar mass of glucose is [tex]180.16\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]

Therefore, if we use the mass of 1 mole of glucose ([tex]180.16g[/tex]) in (II) ⇒

[tex]MassOfSolution=\frac{180.16g}{0.1382}[/tex]

[tex]MassOfSolution=1303.618g[/tex]

Now, if we use the equation (I) :

[tex]180.16g+SolventMass=1303.618g[/tex]

[tex]SolventMass=1123.458g[/tex]

[tex]1Kg=1000g[/tex] ⇒ [tex]SolventMass=1.1234Kg[/tex]

We find that 1 mole of glucose ([tex]180.16g[/tex] of glucose) are combined with [tex]1.1234Kg[/tex] of solvent to obtain [tex]1303.618g[/tex] of solution which is a 13.82% by mass glucose solution.

If we want to find the molality, we can replaced all the data in the equation of molality :

[tex]Molality=\frac{(1Mol)OfGlucose}{(1.1234Kg)OfSolvent}[/tex]

[tex]Molality=0.8901m[/tex]

We use 1 mol of glucose in the equation (which corresponds to 180.16 g of glucose)

The letter ''m'' is the unit of molality.

The volume occupied if the pressure is decreased to 1.21 atm at constant temperature is 27.08 L

The new volume of the gas can be obtained by using the Boyle's law equation as illustrated below:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

4.52 × 7.25 = 1.21 × V₂

Divide both sides by 1.21

V₂ = (4.52 × 7.25) / 1.21

V₂ = 27.08 L

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Answer:

The lengths of the C-C bonds increases with the decrease in the resistance of said bond, for example, a triple bond has a shorter length than in the case of a single bond. Butane has the single bonds and the CC bond is hybridized with sp3 hybridization, however in the butylcyclohexane structure the CC bond is also sp3 and the angle is 120°, however the angle shown is equal to 109.5°, so there is a certain angular tension and it is very unstable with respect to butane

Explanation:

Three equivalents of hydrogen can react with one equivalent of phosphorus to form compounds like phosphine, where each hydrogen atom forms a bond with one of the unpaired electrons of phosphorus.

Phosphorus typically has three unpaired electrons and hydrogen has one unpaired electron, which means that three equivalents of hydrogen can react with one equivalent of phosphorus. For instance, in the formation of phosphine, PH₃, three hydrogen atoms will combine with one phosphorus atom, each hydrogen providing one electron to form a single bond with phosphorus. Since phosphorus has three unpaired electrons available, it is able to form three single bonds with three hydrogen atoms, resulting in the phosphine compound.

The chemical formula of the bright yellow precipitate is PbI₂ (lead iodide).

A chemical equation is the representation of a chemical reaction which consists of reactants participating, formed products, and an arrow indicating the direction of the chemical reaction.

The equation that has the number of atoms of substances equal on either side of the chemical equation is known as a balanced chemical equation.

The law of conservation of mass has to be followed by a balanced chemical equation, according to which, the total mass of the elements on the reactant side must be equal to the total mass of elements on the product side.

The chemical equation of the reaction of lead nitrate and an aqueous solution of sodium iodide:

[tex]Pb(NO_3)_2(aq) + 2NaI \longrightarrow 2NaNO_3(aq) + PbI_2 (s)[/tex]

The bright yellow precipitate formed in the above chemical reaction has the chemical formula PbI₂.

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Assuming that the reaction from A and C to AC5 is only one-step (or an elementary reaction) with a balanced chemical reaction of:

A + 5 C  --->  AC5

Therefore the formation constant can be easily calculated using the following formula for formation constant:

Kf = product of products concentrations / product of reactants concentration

Kf = [AC5] / [A] [C]^5                    

---> Any coefficient from the balanced chemical reaction becomes a power in the formula

Substituting the given values into the equation:

Kf = 0.100 M / (0.100 M) (0.0110 M)^5

Kf = 6,209,213,231

or in simpler terms

Kf = 6.21 * 10^9                  (ANSWER)

It's reasonable to assume the specific heats of NaOH and HCL solutions are the same as water because these solutions are largely water, and the solutes blend into the solution without significantly altering its inherent properties. This assumption is commonly made in calorimetry experiments. However, this is an approximation, and exact values may deviate for solutions with high concentrations.

It's reasonable to assume the specific heats of NaOH and HCL solutions are similar to that of water because they are largely composed of water. When HCL and NaOH (both of which are solutes) are added to water, they dissociate and blend into the solution without significantly altering the water's inherent properties, like specific heat.

We rely on this assumption when conducting calorimetry experiments. Here, we trap heat in a calorimeter to eliminate any heat transfer between the reaction solution (rxn soln) and the external environment. We then use the specific heat of water to help calculate the heat either absorbed or released during the reaction.

Examples for this assumption include calculations where the enthalpy change of reactions involving HCL and NaOH are measured, or where their mass or heat capacity are considered and observed to result similarly as with water. However, it's also important to note that this is an approximation, and exact values may deviate for solutions with higher concentrations.

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Answer:

160.0 g

Explanation:

Since O2 has an amu of  32 and it has a coefficent of five in the balanced equation you would do 32 x 5 = 160.0g

Approximately 4.995 moles of oxygen (O2) are required to react with 52.0 g of acetylene (C2H2).

To determine how much oxygen is required to react with 52.0 g of acetylene (C2H2), we need to consider the balanced chemical equation and use stoichiometry.

The balanced equation for the reaction between acetylene and oxygen is 2 C2H2 + 5 O2 → 4 CO2 + 2 H2O.

From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of acetylene react with 5 moles of oxygen to produce 4 moles of carbon dioxide and 2 moles of water.

First, we need to convert the given mass of acetylene (52.0 g) to moles. Using the molar mass of acetylene (26.02 g/mol), we find that 52.0 g of acetylene is equal to 1.998 moles.

Next, we use the mole ratio from the balanced equation to determine the moles of oxygen required. The ratio of acetylene to oxygen is 2:5, so for every 2 moles of acetylene, we need 5 moles of oxygen.

Using the mole ratio:

(1.998 moles C2H2) x (5 moles O2 / 2 moles C2H2) = 4.995 moles O2

Therefore, approximately 4.995 moles of oxygen (O2) are required to react with 52.0 g of acetylene (C2H2).

165.04 grams of CO2 will be produced when 7.5 moles of HCl is fully reacted with Na2CO3 according to the balanced chemical equation provided, using stoichiometry and the molar mass of CO2.

Calculating the Mass of CO2

To find out how many grams of CO2 are produced when 7.5 moles of HCl is fully reacted, we will use the given balanced chemical equation and stoichiometry. The balanced equation is Na2CO3 + 2HCl
ightarrow 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O. According to the stoichiometry of the equation, 2 moles of HCl will produce 1 mole of CO2. Since we have 7.5 moles of HCl, this would react to produce 7.5 / 2 = 3.75 moles of CO2.

The molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/mol. So to convert moles of CO2 to grams, we multiply the number of moles by the molar mass: 3.75 moles  imes 44.01 g/mol = 165.0375 grams of CO2. Therefore, 165.04 grams of CO2 (rounded to two decimal places) will be produced when 7.5 moles of HCl is fully reacted.

36.30%

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Answer:

There is 4184 Joule of energy required

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Mass of water = 50.0 grams

Initial temperature of water = 35.0 °C

Final temperature = 55.0 °C

Specific heat of water = 4.184 J/g°C

Step 2: Calculate the heat

Q = m*c*ΔT

⇒ Q = the heat transfer (in Joules)

⇒ m = the mass of water = 50.0 grams

⇒ c = the specific heat of water = 4.184 J/g°C

⇒ ΔT = The change of temperature of the water = T2 - T1 = 55.0°C - 35.0 °C = 20.0 °C

Q = 50.0g * 4.184 J/g°C * 20.0 °C

Q = 4184 J

There is 4184 Joule of energy required

If the pOH of a solution is 2.8, you subtract it from 14 to find the pH, resulting in a pH of 11.2.

To calculate the pH from a given pOH, we can use the relationship that the sum of the pH and pOH is equal to 14 at 25 °C (298 K). If the pOH is 2.8, then we can find the pH by subtracting the pOH from 14:

pH = 14 - pOH

pH = 14 - 2.8

pH = 11.2

Therefore, if the pOH of a solution is 2.8, the pH is 11.2.

Answer: 0.103 moles of oxygen

Explanation:

According to avogadro's law, 1 mole of every substance occupies 22.4 Liters at STP and contains avogadro's number [tex]6.023\times 10^{23}[/tex] of particles.

To calculate the moles, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given volume}}{\text {Molar volume}}[/tex]

[tex]\text{Number of moles of sodium}=\frac{9.5g}{23g/mol}=0.413moles[/tex]

[tex]4Na+O_2\rightarrow 2Na_2O[/tex]

According to stoichiometry:

4 moles of [tex]Na[/tex] combine completely with 1 mole of [tex]O_2[/tex] to give 2 moles of [tex]Na_2O[/tex]

Thus 0.413 moles of [tex]Na[/tex] will combine completely with=[tex]\frac{1}{4}\times 0.413=0.103[/tex] moles of [tex]O_2[/tex]

Thus 0.103 moles of oxygen are needed to completely react with 9.5 grams of sodium

Explanation:

According to the the ideal gas law, PV= nRT.

This means that pressure is directly proportional to temperature.

So, when HCl and zinc are combined in a flask then it will lead to the formation of zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.

The reaction equation will be as follows.

             [tex]HCl + Zn \rightarrow ZnCl_{2} + H_{2}[/tex]

Since, the flask is sealed hence, hydrogen gas will not be able to move out of the flask.

So, when it will behave ideally then due to directly proportional relation between pressure and temperature there will occur a decrease in temperature with decrease in pressure.