Two polarizers are arranged as shown. How much light will reach point X?



0%

less than 50% but more than 0%

50%

more than 50% but less than 100%

100%

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

It will be 50%

Explanation:

Two polarizers at intertwining angles like that will still have 50% of the light come through. Although if you had them on top of each other at vertical angles then it would be 100%

Answer 2

The correct answer is less than 50% but more than 0%.

To determine how much light reaches point X, we need to understand the behavior of light passing through polarizers. When unpolarized light passes through a polarizer, the intensity of the transmitted light is reduced by half, resulting in polarized light. This means that the first polarizer will transmit 50% of the incident light.

 When this polarized light encounters the second polarizer, the amount of light that passes through depends on the angle between the transmission axes of the two polarizers. If the axes are parallel, 100% of the polarized light will pass through, and if they are perpendicular, no light will pass through.

In the given scenario, the second polarizer is oriented at 45 degrees relative to the first polarizer. According to Malus's law, the intensity I of the transmitted light after passing through the second polarizer is given by:

[tex]\[ I = I_0 \cos^2(\theta) \][/tex]

 Given that [tex]\( \theta = 45^\circ \),[/tex] we have:

[tex]\[ I = I_0 \cos^2(45^\circ) \][/tex]

 Since[tex]\( \cos(45^\circ) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \),[/tex] we can calculate the intensity as:

[tex]\[ I = I_0 \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2 = I_0 \left(\frac{1}{2}\right) \][/tex]

Since [tex]\( I_0 \)[/tex] is already 50% of the original intensity (after the first polarizer), we need to further reduce this by half to find the intensity at point X:

[tex]\[ I = 0.5 \times 0.5 = 0.25 \][/tex]

 This means that 25% of the original unpolarized light will reach point X, which is less than 50% but more than 0%.


Related Questions

Two electrodes connected to a 9.0 V battery are charged to ±45 nC. What is the capacitance of the electrodes?

Answers

Answer:

= 5 × 10^-9 F

Explanation:

Capacitance is calculated by the formula;

C = Q/V;

where, C is the capacitance, Q is the charge in coulombs and V is the voltage across.

in this case;

Charge = ± 45 × 10^-9 Coulombs

Voltage = 9.0 V

Therefore;

Capacitance = 4.5 × 10^-8 /9

                     = 5 × 10^-9 F

the rate of chemical weathering increases with this

A) wedging
B) Mountain Park
C) horizons
D) Surface area

Answers

D Surface Area

Chemical Weathering

Chemical weathering, is an actual change in composition as minerals are modified from one type to another. Many, if not most of the changes are accompanied by a volumetric increase or decrease, which in itself further promotes additional chemical weathering. The rate depends on temperature, surface area, and available water.

Final answer:

The rate of chemical weathering increases with an increase in surface area.

Explanation:

The correct answer is D) Surface area. The rate of chemical weathering increases with an increase in surface area. This is because increased surface area provides more exposure to the elements and allows for more chemical reactions to occur.

For example, if a rock is broken into smaller pieces, the total surface area of the rock increases. As a result, more of the rock is exposed to air and water, which can lead to increased chemical weathering.

In contrast, options A) wedging, B) Mountain Park, and C) horizons are not directly related to the rate of chemical weathering.

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In an area off the Antarctic coast, elephant seals consume 200,000 calories of squid and small fish every month. How much energy must these squid and small fish consume to sustain the elephant seal population?

Answers

The transfer of energy through the food chain is around 10%. So basically we have a situation where the producers have 100% of energy, the organism that consumes them gets 10% of it, the organism that consumes that organism gets 10% of the 10% that organism got and so on to the top of the food chain.

Since the elephant seals consume 200,000 calories from the squid and small fish, this means that the squid and the small fish get 2,000,000 calories from their food, thus they are able to sustain the population of elephant seals.

We got to this result just by multiplying the number of calories the elephant seals get with the number 10, as they only get 10% of the calories of the squid and fish.

20000 calories of energy must these squid and small fish consume to sustain the elephant seal population.

What is a calorie?

A calorie is an energy unit. Scientists have traditionally defined a calorie as a unit of energy or heat derived from a range of sources,

Fats, proteins, carbs, and sugars are vital sources of calories that individuals require to live and operate.

Around 10% of energy is transferred through the food chain. So we have a scenario where the producers have 100% energy, the organisms that eat them receive 10%,

The organisms that devour that organism get 10% of the 10% that organism got, and so on all the way to the top of the food chain.

Because elephant seals consume 200,000 calories from squid and tiny fish, the squid and small fish receive 2,000,000 calories from their meal, allowing them to support the elephant seal population.

The amount of energy  fish consume to sustain the elephant seal population is found as;

[tex]\rm E = 200000 \times \frac{10}{100} \\\\ \rm E =20000 \ calories[/tex]

Hence 20000 calories of energy must these squid and small fish consume to sustain the elephant seal population.

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What is the value of work when a piston of volume 0.2 l expands against an external pressure of 200 kpa to a volume of 3.4 l?

Answers

Answer:

[tex]W=640Pam^3=640J[/tex]

Explanation:

To calculate the work, given a change in volume we use the following formula:

[tex]W=p\Delta V=p(v_{f}-v_{i})[/tex]

Where [tex]W[/tex] is work, [tex]p[/tex] is pressure, [tex]v_{f}[/tex] is the final volume, and [tex]v_{i}[/tex] is the initial volume.

In this case:

[tex]p=200kPa=200x10^3Pa[/tex]

[tex]v_{f}=3.4l[/tex]

[tex]v_{i}=0.2l[/tex]

We need to convert liters to [tex]m^3[/tex] (to get joule units in the work ) Since [tex]1l=0.001m^3[/tex]

[tex]v_{f}=3.4l=0.0034m^3[/tex]

[tex]v_{i}=0.2l=0.0002m^3[/tex]

Thus, thw work is:

[tex]W=200x10^3Pa(0.0034m^3-0.0002m^3)[/tex]

[tex]W=200x10^3Pa(0.0032m^3)[/tex]

[tex]W=640Pam^3=640J[/tex]

the value of work in the expansion is [tex]640J[/tex]

This question involves the concepts of work done by the piston and the pressure-volume-work equation.

The value of work done will be "640 J".

The pressure-volume-work equation is given as follows:

[tex]W=P\Delta V[/tex]

where,

W = Work done by the piston = ?

P = External pressure = 200 KPa = 200000 Pa

ΔV = Change in volume = 3.4 L - 0.2 L = 3.2 L = 0.0032 m³

Therefore,

[tex]W=(200000\ Pa)(0.0032\ m^3)[/tex]

W = 640 J

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The attached picture shows pressure-volume-work equation.

in situations involving equal masses, chemical reactions produce less energy than what reactions?



help fast!!!!!

Answers

In comparison to chemical reactions, nuclear reactions such as nuclear fusion and fission produce significantly more energy and involve a more noticeable change in mass, in line with Einstein's mass-energy equivalence principle.

In situations involving equal masses, chemical reactions produce less energy than nuclear reactions, such as nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. The differences in mass and energy are principles rooted in Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, summarized by the famous equation E=mc2, which relates mass (m) to energy (E). Chemical reactions typically involve energy changes on the order of thousands of kilojoules per mole, while nuclear reactions involve changes several orders of magnitude greater, often billions of kilojoules per mole. Hence, the energy released or absorbed in chemical reactions is significantly less than that in nuclear reactions, which are also accompanied by a more noticeable decrease in mass according to Einstein's principle.

describe the magnetic field in a bar magnet. Enter your answer in the spave provided.

Answers

Answer:

The lines of the magnetic field from a bar magnet form closed lines. By convention, the field direction is taken to be outward from the North pole and into the South pole of the magnet. Permanent magnets can be made from ferromagnetic materials.

As can be visualized with the magnetic field lines, the magnetic field is strongest inside the magnetic material. The strongest external magnetic fields are near the poles. A magnetic north pole will attract the south pole of another magnet, and repel a north pole.

Final answer:

A bar magnet's magnetic field is shown with lines that form loops from the North pole to the South, through the magnet, and back to the North. The direction of the magnetic field is tangent to the field line and can be determined by a compass.

Explanation:

The magnetic field in a bar magnet can be visualized using magnetic field lines. These lines emerge from the North pole (N), loop around to the South pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the North pole, forming complete loops. This loop pattern shows that magnetic field lines never stop.

The direction of the magnetic field is tangent to the field line at any point in space. A small compass will point in the direction of the field line, which also indicates that the field lines point in the direction that the North pole of a compass would point.

The magnitude of the magnetic field is represented by the density of the field lines: the stronger the magnetic field, the denser the field lines. The magnetic field is strongest at the center and weakest just outside the bar magnet, between the two poles. Consequently, the field lines are densest at the center and least dense between the poles.

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What do we mean by gravitational time dilation?
A) It is the idea that time runs slower in places where gravity is stronger. B) It is the idea that clocks run slow for people moving at high speed past you. C) It is the idea that everyone measures time differently, depending on his/her reference frame. D) It is the idea that clocks run faster in stronger gravitational fields.

Answers

Gravitational time dilation is a form of time dilation, an actual difference of elapsed time between two events as measured by observers situated at varying distances from a gravitating mass. ... Demonstrating larger effects would require greater distances from the Earth or a larger gravitational source.
Final answer:

Gravitational time dilation refers to the concept that time slows down in locations of stronger gravity – a principle in the theory of general relativity. An experimental demonstration involved atomic clocks on airliners.

Explanation:

Gravitational time dilation, a concept in Physics, particularly in the theory of relativity, best corresponds to option A: the idea that time runs slower in places where gravity is stronger. This phenomenon occurs due to the effect of gravity on the passage of time. For example, a clock positioned at a lower altitude (closer to a gravitational source) tends to tick slower than one at a higher altitude (further from the source). This was experimentally demonstrated using atomic clocks on two commercial airliners, confirming Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity.

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What is the relationship between frequency and the Doppler effect ?

Answers

Answer:The Doppler effect can be described as the effect produced by a moving source of waves in which there is an apparent upward shift in frequency for observers towards whom the source is approaching and an apparent downward shift in frequency for observers from whom the source is receding.

Explanation:

Final answer:

The Doppler effect causes a change in the observed frequency of a wave based on the relative motion between the source and the observer, resulting in a Doppler shift. This principle applies to all waves, including sound and light, and has practical applications in areas such as astronomy and medical diagnostics.

Explanation:

The Doppler effect is a phenomenon where the observed frequency of a wave, such as sound or light, changes based on the relative motion between the source of the wave and the observer. If the source and the observer are moving closer together, the observed frequency increases; if they are moving apart, the frequency decreases. This shift in frequency is known as a Doppler shift. An example of the Doppler effect is when you hear the pitch of a train whistle changing from high to low as the train passes by.

The Doppler effect applies not only to sound but to all types of waves. For instance, it can be observed in light waves from distant stars and galaxies, helping scientists to determine their velocities and infer valuable information about the universe. In medicine, Doppler shifts are utilized in ultrasounds to assess blood flow. The greater the speed of the source or the observer, the more pronounced the Doppler effect will be.

As you move toward a warning siren, the pitch _____.

increases
decreases
stays the same
disappears

Answers

Answer:

As you move toward the siren the pitch should get louder

Explanation:

Answer: Increases.

Explanation:

Warning siren is generally used to make people alert of danger. Danger can be anything associated with the health and hazard.

Warning siren can be due to tsunami, earthquake, fire, flood, et cetera. The pitch of siren is low when a person is afar from the siren.

As the person moves close to the siren, the pitch of siren increases.

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