Answer:
Histology is the branch of biology which is related to the study of tissues.
The following are the general steps which are to be taken to examine a tissue under a microscope.
Fixation:Fixation protects the tissue from autolysis. It hardens the tissue due to which it becomes easier in cutting the thin sections of a tissue. Fixation is done with the help of chemicals like aldehydes.
Selection:Selection is done to isolate the particular tissue which we want to observe.
WaxingParaffin waxing is done so that the tissue remains embedded.
Staining:Staining is done so that the tissue can be seen and separated from other tissues.
MicroscopeThe tissue can then be observed under a microscope.
all organisms contain dna, and every organisms DNA is made up of 4 nucleotides. the difference between organisms is simply based on there order of these nucleotides. since all organisms have the same basic universal structure for dna, which of these must be universal?
A. All organisms have the same proteins
B. All living things must have the same amount of DNA
C. All organisms must be genetically identical to each other.
D. All matching codons in all organisms DNA code for the same amino acids.
All matching codons in all organisms DNA code for the same amino acids.
Option D.
Explanation:Codons are defined as group of three nucleotide bases that forms a triplet, and codes for a particular amino acid.
There are four nitrogen bases, so four possible nucleotides. Among them, 3 are stop codons, rest 61 are codons denoting the 20 amino acids. Codons are discrete, meaning no same codon codes for more than 1 amino acid.
And these codons are universal. It means, like AUG denotes for amino acid methionine, and that is same in bacteria, as well as in all organisms. So they are universal.
What is the definition of subduction?
Answer:
Subduction is the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate.
Final answer:
Subduction is the process where a tectonic plate is forced beneath another at a convergent plate boundary, leading to the formation of subduction zones marked by high seismic and volcanic activity.
Explanation:
Subduction is a geological process that occurs at convergent plate boundaries, where one tectonic plate descends beneath another into the Earth's mantle. The descending plate moves in a sideways and downward direction, a phenomenon often associated with regions called subduction zones. Such areas are marked by features like ocean trenches, with the deep Japan trench being a notable example.
During subduction, the oceanic plate—which is typically thinner than the continental plate—is thrust down into the upper mantle. Here, under conditions of high pressure and temperature, the material of the subducted plate eventually melts. This leads to the recycling of crustal material through convection currents, balancing the crust formed at rift zones, where tectonic plates move apart. Earthquakes and volcanic activity commonly occur in subduction zones, revealing insights about the angle and nature of subduction beneath the Earth's surface.
Which of the following statements is true?
Sealab III was the most successful of the three Sealab expeditions.
Spring tides are the highest, while neap tides are the lowest.
Benjamin Franklin is considered the "Father of Oceanography."
All of the above
None of the above.
Answer:
The true statement is: "Spring tides are the highest, while neap tides are the lowest."
Explanation:
The range of difference in the level of water between high and low tide is always larger in spring tide.Neap tides are the moderate tides. It does not have huge difference in higher and low tides because the bulging of the ocean ( by the sun) balances the bulge of the ocean caused by the moon.This balance is not found in spring tides that is the main reason for spring tides to have the highest level for both higher and lower tides.Answer:
Spring tides are the highest, while neap tides are the lowest. is the answer
sealab 2 was the most succesful not sealab 3
and Edward Forbes is considered the father of oceanography.
Explanation:i just took the assignmentt
Did glucose diffuse through the membrane?
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
(ii)
Explain two ways in which bile helps the body to digest fat.
Explanation:
The liver produces bile which emulsifies fats, breaks them down into small droplets for a larger surface area. This will increase the rate at which the fat is digested by lipase. Hope this helps.
Answer:
1. It add water to the chyme, in order to make it more soluble.
2. Emusfication of bile helps to soften the food for easy digestion.
1. Some mice are light-colored, and some mice are dark-colored. Use the words DNA, trait, and
mutation to explain how this happens.
Body colour of mice depends on the gene of the mice.
Explanation:Body colour is a character of mice, and it has different traits like light coloured and dark coloured. The body colour is formed because of the specific genes present in their DNA, which is present in chromosomes. The wild variety of the body colour is dark coloured, while the mutated variety of the body colour is light colored. As the mutations are usually recessive over the wild varieties, so the dark colour is dominant over the light coloured.
So when a pure dark coloured mice is crossed with a purely light coloured mice, the offsprings are all dark coloured.
What is the correct sequence for plant cell mitosis
Answer:
b. C, B, A, D
Explanation:
B is the correct answer.
If it helps, gimmie brainliest.
The correct sequence for plant cell mitosis is: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
What is the sequence of events in plant cell mitosis?Plant cell mitosis involves a series of steps: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. During prophase, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle apparatus forms.
In metaphase, the chromosomes align at the cell's equator. Anaphase follows, during which the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell. Telophase involves the formation of new nuclei at each pole as the chromosomes uncoil. The cytokinesis occurs, resulting in the division of the cytoplasm and the formation of two daughter cells.
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The ecological effects of acid rain are often seen in water environments such as streams and lakes, Adid rain flows into streams and lakes or
falls directly on aquatic environments. Which hypothesis is MOST likely to test the effects of add rain on aquatic environments?
Answer:
We need to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions in the sample. Hydrogen ions are produced when any acidic substance is dissolved in water.
Explanation:
Which phase of meiosis would have the homologous pairs lining up at the equator of
the cell?
Motanbaca il
In metaphase 1, the homologous pair of chromosomes lined up at the equator.
Explanation:
In metaphase the chromosomes are highly condensed and coiled. The centrioles are at the opposite end of the pole. The 2 pairs of homologous chromosome or tetrads already formed in Prophase 1 arrange themselves on a plane called a metaphase plate for separation. Metaphase 1 will be followed by Anaphase 1, in which homologous chromosomes separate.
Complete each statement.
- guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T) are the four
in DNA,
8. In DNA
always forms hydrogen bonds with guanine (G).
9. The sequence of_
carries the genetic information of an organism.
10. The process of
produces a new copy of an organism's genetic
information which is passed on to a new cell.
11. The double-coiled shape of DNA is called a
7. Adenine (A), Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA.
8. In DNA Cytosine always forms hydrogen bonds with guanine.
9. The sequence of nucleotides carries the genetic information of an organism.
10. The process of replication produces a new copy of an organism's genetic information which is passed on to a new cell.
11. The double-coiled shape of DNA is called a double helix
Explanation:
There are four nitrogenous bases in the DNA of an organism. Two of the bases are pyrimidines eg: Thymine and cytosine while 2 of the bases are purine bases namely adenine and guanine. The purine of one strand forms a hydrogen bond with pyrimidine of the parallel strand of DNA.
The bases are present in nucleoplasm as dNMPs and in DNA they are present as dNTPs (deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate). During replication, these dNMPS keeps on bonding with other dNMPs in the presence of ATP and as DNA Polymerase, ligase topoisomerase etc. These nucleotides form the DNA strands and they are responsible for coding proteins. The sequence of DNA is also termed as gene.
The double helix structure of DNA was given by Watson and Crick. Each strand has an alternative backbone of sugar and phosphate group. The four bases bonds with glycosidic and phosphodiester bonds with sugar and phosphoric acid.
7) Adenine is the correct answer. 8) Cytosine is the correct answer. 9) Nucleotides is the correct answer. 10) Replication is the correct answer. 11) Double helix is the correct answer.
There are four nitrogenous bases in the DNA of an organism. Two of the bases are pyrimidines eg: Thymine and cytosine while 2 of the bases are purine bases namely adenine and guanine. The purine of one strand forms a hydrogen bond with the pyrimidine of the parallel strand of DNA.
The bases are present in nucleoplasm as dNMPs and in DNA they are present as dNTPs (deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate). During replication, these dNMPS keep on bonding with other dNMPs in the presence of ATP and as DNA Polymerase, ligase topoisomerase, etc. These nucleotides form the DNA strands and they are responsible for coding proteins. The sequence of DNA is also termed a gene.
The double helix structure of DNA was given by Watson and Crick. Each strand has an alternative backbone of the sugar and phosphate group. The four bases bond with glycosidic and phosphodiester bonds with sugar and phosphoric acid.
Therefore,
7. Adenine, guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) are the four
in DNA.
8. In DNA Cytosine always forms hydrogen bonds with guanine.
9. The sequence of nucleotides carries the genetic information of an organism.
10. The process of replication produces a new copy of an organism's genetic information which is passed on to a new cell.
11. The double-coiled shape of DNA is called a double helix.
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Chloroplasts are organelles that convert light energy to sugars. These organelles are found only in plants. Which organelles are found only in animals?
Question 11 options:
golgi apparatus
lysosomes
mitochondria
ribosomes
None of the options given are only found in animal cells.
Explanation:
The plant and animal cell differ only in three more organelles in plant cells. The presence of cell wall, vacuoles and plastids in plant cell make it different from the animal cell.
The options of organelles provided are common to both animal and plant cell.
The correct answer is "Lysosomes".Chloroplasts are specialized organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, and they contain the pigment chlorophyll for absorbing light energy. In contrast, lysosomes, containing digestive enzymes, are organelles found predominantly in animal cells.
In plant cells, chloroplasts are essential organelles responsible for photosynthesis, which is the process of converting light energy into sugars using water and carbon dioxide. This process creates glucose and molecular oxygen, serving as a foundation for most ecosystems' food chains. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs the sun's energy, vital to this process, and they are only found in eukaryotic cells of plants and algae. On the other hand, organelles such as lysosomes are found predominantly in animal cells. Lysosomes are special vesicles that contain enzymes designed to digest and break down various biological molecules.
In the sterilisation area instruments should move from a/an whst to a what area
Answer:
In the sterilization area instruments should move from a contaminated to a clean area.
Explanation:
Sterilization is the process of destroying, removing, killing or deactivating all the micro-organisms like viruses, fungi, spores, bacteria, unicellular eukaryotic organisms as plasmodium and many more.
This process differ from pasteurization, disinfection and sanitization by reducing rather than removing the micro-organisms and other biological agents. An object is known as sterile or aseptic after sterilization. As the principle for cleaning process in any field is to go through from dirty place to clean place and such that clean the entire area.
Wetlands are important ecosystems for many reasons. Select all that apply.
A. They filter excess nutrients, sediment, and even pollution from the water that
flows through them.
B. They help prevent flooding.
C. They are a rich habitat for many plant and animal species.
D. They help increase the rate of extinction of mammals by creating a loss of
habitat..
A, B & C
Wetlands are important ecosystems for the following reasons;
They filter excess nutrients, sediment, and even pollution from the water thatflows through them.They help prevent flooding.They are a rich habitat for many plant and animal species.Explanation:
Wetlands are regions in the environment on land that spend most of the time, if not all seasons, submerged in water. They include estuaries, marshes, swamps, mangroves, floodplains, lagoons etcetera. They have their own ecosystems adapted to these wet conditions. They play a critical role in the environment and their destruction causes an increased risk of flooding, pollution, and loss of habitat.
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The number of covalent bonds that an atom tends to form is equal to:
A: the number of valence electrons.
B: the number of unbalanced neutrons.
C: the number of unpaired electrons.
D: the atomic number.
E: the number of nearby atoms.
Answer: A). the number of valence electrons.
Explanation: Atom has certain numbers of valence electrons, which developed bonds in order to complete their valence shell. In a neutral atom the number of bonds is equal to the number of electrons in the valence shell minus the number of valence electrons. This technique is useful in order to attain an atom valence shell without changing its charge when it form covalent bond and add another electron in its valence shell.
Example:
Number of bonds = (Whole valence shell) - ( Amount of valence electron)
For hydrogen
1 = 2 - 1
For carbon
4 = 8 - 4
Write a hypothesis that describes why you think some materials absorb heat better than others.
Absorption of heat is directly dependent on heat conductivity which is explained below.
Explanation:Heat conductivity is defined as a property of a matter by which it can absorb heat from a source and conduct the same to its other part, with increase in its own temperature. Heat conductivity is a very good property of metals by which metals can very quickly transfer heat from one part to other. This occurs because metals get heated up very quickly owing to its low specific heat capacity. The matter with highest specific heat is water, so its the worst conductor of heat. Thus copper tubes are used as heat conductors while water is used as the coolant.
Final answer:
Darker colors and materials with higher thermal conductivity, such as metals, are better at absorbing heat due to their efficiency in absorbing and emitting radiation. The specific heat capacity also plays a role, affecting the rate at which a material heats up or cools down.
Explanation:
A hypothesis that describes why some materials absorb heat better than others might state that materials with darker colors and higher thermal conductivity absorb heat more effectively due to their increased ability to absorb and emit electromagnetic radiation, as well as their increased rate of heat transfer. For example, black objects are known to absorb heat better than lighter colored objects because black absorbs all wavelengths of radiation, making it an efficient absorber and emitter of heat. In contrast, white objects are poor absorbers and radiators, reflecting most radiation like a mirror. Furthermore, the composition of the material plays a significant role, with metals like copper and aluminum being good conductors of heat, while materials like wood, plastic, and rubber are not.
Additionally, specific heat capacity influences how materials absorb heat, with substances like water having higher heat capacities and thus taking longer to change temperature. These principles explain real-world observations, such as why black asphalt gets hotter than adjacent gray sidewalks in the summer and why woolen clothes, which have a large specific heat, are good at insulating against heat loss.
The stage of cellular respiration called______
transport chain takes place in the part of the above illustration labeled with a 1.
The electron transport chain takes place in mitochondria.
Explanation:Aerobic respiration is the main respiratory system of most of the animals. In humans, it is the exclusive respiratory system. There are three processes involved in aerobic respiration. They are glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle and electron transport chain. The glycolysis takes place in Cytoplasm, and the rest takes place in mitochondria. The Kreb's Cycle takes place in mitochondrial matrix, and the Electron Transport Chain takes place in inner mitochondrial membrane. In the inner mitochondrial membrane are embedded different electron carriers in form of complexes, which are complex 1a, 1b, 2, 3, and 4. Electrons get transported through these carriers and atlast gets accepted by oxygen.
Answer:
electron transport chain
Explanation:
Which term names an ecological system with all its biotic and abiotic factors?
A. habitat
B. community
C. ecosystem
D. pure culture
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
In an ecosystem you have all the factors that contribute to a population of a variety of organisms. You have wind, water or sun as some abiotic factors which in turn help plants and trees survive with sustain different species.
Answer:
(C) Ecosystem
Explanation:
At which point does the cell transform from diploid to haploid during meiosis?
Answer:
A diploid cell becomes haploid during Meiosis I and is completed after Telephase I. These homologous chromosomes (from mom & dad, all duplicated) pair up during prophase I forming tetrads. The pairs of homologs line up on the metaphase plate during metaphase I.
Explanation:
Which body of water does not directly contribute water vapor into the atmosphere
Full question:
Which body of water does not directly contribute water vapor into the atmosphere ?
A. Aquifers
B. Rivers
C. Oceans
D.Lakes
Answer:
Aquifers body of water not directly contributes water vapor into the atmosphere
Explanation:
Added indication for groundwater is "aquifer," although the aforementioned word is normally applied to explain water-bearing forms proficient of generating sufficient water to provide communities' practices. Aquifers are a tremendous repository of Earth's water and bodies all across the world depend on groundwater in their everyday lives.
Water in aquifers beneath the oceans is commonly saline, while the water under the ground surfaces is usually freshwater. Since aquifer are underground water it does not straight supply water vapor into the atmosphere
Water vapor is the gaseous phase of liquid water. Aquifers are the water body that does not directly contribute water vapor into the atmosphere.
What is Aquifers?Aquifers are the water content or the water body of the underground level that is present between the rocks and soils. The water from the aquifers is pulled using the water wells and pumps.
As the water is stored underground the heat of the sun cannot evaporate the water and cannot convert them into water vapor. Whereas, rivers, oceans, and lakes have open surfaces from where the water can get evaporated.
Therefore, option A. aquifers do not directly contribute to the formation of the water vapor.
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Build atoms just as you did before. Examine the chemical symbol and the three numbers. What does the chemical symbol show?
Answer:
In chemistry, a chemical symbol can be described as a shorthand method for an element. In such a way, we are at ease. Instead of writing the name of any particular element, we can simply represent it with a symbol. For example, they symbol for the element iron is Fe. The symbol for the element hydrogen is H. The symbol for the element helium is He. The symbol for the element nitrogen is N.
Answer:
In chemistry, a chemical symbol can be described as a shorthand method for an element. In such a way, we are at ease. Instead of writing the name of any particular element, we can simply represent it with a symbol. For example, they symbol for the element iron is Fe. The symbol for the element hydrogen is H. The symbol for the element helium is He. The symbol for the element nitrogen is N.
Explanation:
jus cus
These sunflowers are all facing the same way in the morning. The direction of all the flowers will change together as it gets later in the day. What other plant activity is this MOST like?
A) Roots grow down into the soil.
B) Vines wrap around a pole they touch.
C) Leaves wilt when there is not enough water.
D) Stems grow toward a gap of light in a forest.
Eliminate
Answer:
The correct answer is Option D) "Stems grow toward a gap of light in a forest."
Explanation:
The phenomenon due to which plant shoot shows a tendency to move towards light is known as "Phototropism".This is caused by a plant hormone called "Auxin".Auxin is produced at the apical ends (both shoot tip and root tip) of the plants and it promotes cell elongation.However, auxin is sensitive to light and gets degraded when exposed to light, so in the shoot tip it is produced on that side of the stem which is not exposed to light.As a result of this, the side of the stem away from light elongates more (due to exposure to auxin) as compared to that which is exposed to light.This causes the stem to bend towards the direction of light.This is the reason for both the sunflower's diurnal movement and movement of the stem towards the light source in forest.Roots grow down the soil due to the phenomenon called Geotropism. The hormone auxin is responsible for the elongation of root-tip towards gravity.The phenomenon due to which vines wrap around the pole they touch is called Thigmotropism (directional movement induced by touch). The plant hormone auxin has an essential function here.Water drawn from soil by roots is used to maintain a turgor pressure (water pressure) in the leaves that keeps them erect. Absence of water results in a reduction of the turgor pressure in the leaves. This causes the leaves to wilt. Wilting of leaves reduce the surface area of the leaves that is exposed to the sunlight. This again lowers the rate of transpiration through the stomata in absence of water thereby protecting the plant from dehydration.Final answer:
Sunflowers changing direction to face the sun throughout the day is an example of phototropism, similar to how stems in a forest grow towards gaps of light.
Explanation:
The activity of sunflowers facing the same way in the morning and changing direction throughout the day is called phototropism. This directional growth in response to light is most like option D) Stems grow toward a gap of light in a forest. Both the sunflowers and the stems are exhibiting a growth movement towards light, which is crucial for their photosynthetic processes. In both cases, the movement is due to the presence of a plant hormone called auxin, which becomes more concentrated on the side of the plant that is away from the light, causing those cells to elongate and the plant to bend towards the light. This directional growth is called phototropism, a plant's growth response to light.
Unlike roots growing down into the soil, vines wrapping around a pole they touch, or leaves wilting when there is not enough water, stems growing towards light showcase positive phototropism.
Which renewable energy source depends on changing water levels?
solar energy
o geothermal energy
tidal power
wind energy
The renewable energy source that depends on changing water levels is tidal power. Tidal power harnesses the kinetic energy of the ocean tides to generate electricity.
Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Tidal power works by utilizing the gravitational forces between the Earth, Moon, and Sun. These forces cause the ocean tides to rise and fall throughout the day.
2. Tidal power plants are built near coastlines or in estuaries where there is a significant difference in water levels between high tide and low tide.
3. The most common method of generating tidal power is through tidal barrages. A tidal barrage consists of a dam-like structure built across a bay or estuary.
4. During high tide, the barrage allows water to enter the basin behind it. As the tide recedes, the water trapped behind the barrage is released through turbines, which are connected to generators to produce electricity.
5. The difference in water levels between high tide and low tide creates a pressure gradient, and as the water flows through the turbines, it spins them, converting the kinetic energy of the flowing water into electrical energy.
6. The direction of the flow changes as the tides reverse, allowing the turbines to generate electricity during both high and low tides.
7. Tidal power is a predictable and reliable source of energy since tides follow a regular pattern based on the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun.
8. However, tidal power plants have high upfront costs and are limited to areas with suitable tidal ranges, which restricts their widespread use.
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What part of the cell does the DNA of a strawberry come from?
Answer:
The chromosomes
Explanation:
Answer:
chromosones
Explanation:
What is the role of the carbon cycle
Answer:
The carbon cycle describes the way the element carbon moves between the Earth's biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere. It is important for a few reasons: ... One form carbon takes is the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, CO2. Increased levels of carbon dioxide insulate the Earth, causing temperatures to rise
Monica is loading a box that weighs 96 N into a truck. She pushes the box up
a ramp using a force of 32 N. What is the mechanical advantage of the ramp?
Answer:64N
Explanation:
96n-32n=64n
0Answer:
The correctvanswer is 3.0
Explanation:
MA= output force/ input force
Input force is 96
output force is 32
so ma=96/32=
Help me labels this
Answer:
Here are the labels:
6. Zygomatic bone
7. Vomer
8. Mandible
9. Maxilla
18. Sternum
19. Costal cartilage
20. True ribs
21. False ribs
22. Floating ribs
Explanation:
The skull comprises the 8 cranial bones that house and protect the brain and 14 facial bones that protect the sensitive organs such as eyes, nose and mouth.Out of the 14 facial bones, the mandible, maxilla, zygomatic and vomer along with the frontal bone are the primary bones of the skull. The rib cage comprises of 12 pairs of ribs connected to the sternum, the main bone that anchors the rib cage, through the costal cartilage.The ribs numbered 1 to 7 are called true ribs because costal cartilage connects these bones directly to the sternum.The ribs 8 to 12 are classified as false ribs because they are not directly connected to the sternum.The last two ribs 11 and 12 are called floating ribs because they do not connect to the sternum at all.Determine if the statement is true or false, and why. “If a point mutation occurs in a proto-oncogene it can form an oncogene. This can stimulate excessive cell division, leading to the formation of a tumor.”
The statement is generally true.
Proto-oncogenes are genes that regulate cell growth and division. When mutated, these genes can become oncogenes, leading to the continuous activation of cell proliferation signals, and potentially resulting in tumor formation.
What did Gould and Eldridge infer about the pace and timing of evolutionary change?
Question: What did Gould and Eldridge infer about the pace and timing of evolutionary change?
Evolutionary change occurred gradually and constantly throughout time.
The pace of evolutionary change has slowed down over time and it only rarely occurs now.
Periods during which evolution occurred were always preceded by a catastrophe.
Long periods of stability were punctuated with periods of evolutionary change.
Answer:
The Gould and Eldridge inferred about the pace and timing of evolutionary change is that " long periods of stability were punctuated by with periods of evolutionary change."
Explanation:
Gould and Eldredge inferred about the pace and timing of evolutionary change that long periods of stability were punctuated by with periods of evolutionary change.
Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge coined the term Punctuated Equilibrium in 1972. This means that species are stable, they just chance a Little in millions of years. But all of a sudden, the pace is punctuated by a fast change that allows the new species to come. The process is so fast that it leaves few fossils.
This is Mohs hardness scale.
Which example lists minerals from hardest to softest?
Mineral
Hardness
talc
apatite, quartz, fluorite, talc
diamond, talc, fluorite, topaz
talc, calcite, orthoclase, diamond
corundum, quartz, calcite, gypsum
2
gypsum
calcite
fluorite
apatite
orthoclase
quartz
topaz
corundum
diamond
8
10
Answer:
D. corundum, quartz, calcite, gypsum
The Mohs hardness scale characterizes minerals according to their resistance to be scratched. According to this scale, the correct list is: corundum, quartz, calcite, gypsum.
-------------------------------------------------
Theoretical framework:
Hardness is one of the physical properties of minerals and is a significant one when identifying and recognizing them.
Hardness measures the resistance level of a surface to abrasion. In the specific case of minerals, it measures how minerals resist being scratched or penetrated.
The hardness level is determined by an attempt to scratch or produce a mark on an unmarked surface using sharp elements, such as nails, copper coin, glass, or a steal knife. Notice that these elements also vary in their hardness.
There are different methods used to define hardness, and they are not comparable to each other. The Mohs hardness method defines an ordinary qualitative scale that characterizes the mineral according to their resistance to being scratched by a harder element.
According to the Mohs hardness scale, from the hardest to the softest hardness level, minerals are placed as follows,
Hardest level
Diamond ⇒ 10 Corundum ⇒ 9 Topaz ⇒ 8 Quartz ⇒ 7 Orthoclase ⇒ 6 Apatite ⇒ 5 Fluorite ⇒ 4 Calcite ⇒ 3 Gypsum ⇒ 2 Talc ⇒ 1Softest level
According to this scale, the following list is the correct option ⇒ corundum, quartz, calcite, gypsum.
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What is the letter E in the above equation an abbreviation for?
Answer:
Energy
Explanation:
although no picture is attached, E is usually energy.