Answer:
c. railroads
Explanation:
A water carrier carries both people and goods using waterways or sea routes. One of the main competitor for the movement of grain, coal and ores that are bulk products are the railroads.The competitor exists because majority of the places where it is possible to reach by waterways are also accessible via railroads.For example, the grains can be moved from midwest to New Orleans by both means. Similarly, coal can also be transported by both ways, some of the states where coal is produced and transported by this route is West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Kentucky.Charles and Irene are editors at a content development firm. Both of them, unknowingly, are working on the same copy of the annual report. Irene finishes editing the report and saves her copy; Charles saves his report an hour after Irene. Charles's report replaces Irene's, and her changes are lost. This is an example of which kind of database problem?
Answer:
lost-update program
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that this is an example of the database problem known as lost-update program. This term refers to when more than one individual is attempting to update a database entry within the same column and same row, at the same time. This causes the first entry that was saved by the system to be completely overwritten and lost. Such as what happened to Irene's report since it was saved first and then overwritten by Charle's report.
You measure the concentration of a polar molecule inside and outside of a cell. You find that the concentration is high outside but gradually increasing inside the cell. You also measure the ATP concentration inside the cell and find that it remains constant. Your best hypothesis for the process that is occurring would be: a. active transport b. passive transport c. facilitated diffusion d. simple diffusion e. endocytosis
Answer:
The correct answer is passive transport
Explanation:
Passive transport is the transport in which the molecules move inside the cell along the concentration gradient without the use of energy.
So here there is a concentration gradient and the polar molecule is moving from its high concentration to its lower concentration which results in increment of that polar molecule inside the cell and it is also given that no energy is used in this case as ATP concentration is constant which shows that the transport is passive transport. In active transport ATP is used to transport molecules across cell membrane.
Two parent plants fertilize to produce all tall offspring, depicted by the genotype Dd. D represents the trait for tall plants and d representing the dwarf trait. The only information you are provided is that the female parent exhibits the dwarf phenotype. Answer the following questions: Male Female What is the genotype of the female parent? What is the genotype of the male parent? Dd all tall What is the phenotype of the male parent (NOT genotype)? (one word only)
Answer:
i) genotype of female parent is dd ( dwarf). ii) genotype of male parent is DD(tall). iii) so, phenotype of male is Tall(Dd).Explanation:
Given:
D is dominant on d.
d is recessive allele,
all children are Dd ( tall)
Female parent exhibits the dwarf phenotype, so the genotype of female is dd.
i) genotype of female parent is dd ( dwarf).
ii) genotype of male parent is DD(tall).
iii) so, phenotype of male parent is Tall(Dd).
HELP PLEASE!!!! I need it!! :(
Which of the following factors contribute to the periodic changes in Earth's temperature known as the Milankovitch cycles? Select the THREE correct answers.
A): Earth wobbles slightly on its axis
B): The concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is decreasing
C): Earth's atmosphere has been enriched in oxygen by cyanobacteria
D): Earth's orbit alternates between a circular and an elliptical shape
E): Earth's axial tilt varies between 22 and 24 degrees
F): Earth's shape is spherical
The term Milankovitch cycles refers to the cyclic orbital movements of the earth.
What is Milankovitch cycles?The term Milankovitch cycles refers to the cyclic orbital movements of the earth. It explains the tilting of the earth's axis with respect to its orbital plane.
The following factors contribute to the periodic changes in Earth's temperature known as the Milankovitch cycles;
earth wobbles slightly on its axis earth's orbit alternates between a circular and elliptical shape earth's axial tilt varies between 22 and 24 degreesLearn more about Milankovitch cycles:https://brainly.com/question/17960050
The three factors are A) Earth wobbling slightly on its axis, D) Earth's orbit alternating between a circular and an elliptical shape, and E) Earth's axial tilt varying between 22 and 24 degrees.
The Milankovitch cycles are long-term variations in Earth's climate caused by changes in Earth's orbit, axial tilt, and precession (wobbling on its axis). These cycles influence the distribution of solar radiation reaching Earth's surface, affecting climate patterns over thousands of years.
Factors like variations in Earth's orbit from circular to elliptical and changes in axial tilt contribute to differences in solar radiation receipt, influencing climate patterns and ice age cycles. These cycles play a significant role in shaping Earth's climate dynamics and long-term temperature variations.
Consider the following statement: Bacteria can exchange genetic material through conjugation without the need for any protein structures or control mechanisms. Is this statement True or False
Answer:
FALSE.Explanation:
Bacteria exchange genetic material through conjugation with the help of proteins and various other factors.
It is the temporary union of two bacteria for the exchange of genetic material.
Steps :
An F+ donor (donor bacteria) cell contains its chromosomal DNA and an F plasmid.
It uses its pilus to attach to the recipient cell, and then these two cells are pulled together.
Then A channel forms between the cytoplasms of the two cells, through which conjugation occurs.
The very limited gene pool of wild cheetahs is an example of A. founder effect. B. natural selection. C. evolutionary decline. D. mate selection. E. the bottleneck effect.
Answer:
The very limited gene pool of wild cheetahs is an example of evolutionary decline
Explanation:
When there is limited gene pool of wild cheetah is an example of evolutionary decline, as there is decrease in number of gene pool of cheetah in the wild which makes it to be scarce
_____ is the oldest possible age that members of a species can attain, whereas _____ is how long an average newborn in a particular place is likely to live.
Answer: Life span, Life expectancy.
Explanation:
The predatory bacterium, Bdellovibrio bacteriophorus, drills into a prey bacterium and, once inside, digests it. In an attack upon a gram-negative bacterium that has a slimy cell covering which can inhibit phagocytosis, what is the correct sequence of structures penetrated by B. bacteriophorus on its way to the prey's cytoplasm? 1. membrane composed mostly of lipopolysaccharide 2. membrane composed mostly of phospholipids 3. peptidoglycan 4. capsule A) 4 ?? 3 ?? 1 ?? 2 B) 1 ?? 4 ?? 3 ?? 2 C) 2 ?? 4 ?? 3 ??1 D) 4 ?? 1 ?? 3 ?? 2 E) 1 ?? 3 ?? 4 ?? 2
Answer:
D) 4,1,3,2
Explanation:
Once past the capsule, the next membrane is composed of lipopolysaccharides. Then comes the peptidoglycan cell wall. Finally, the inner membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
Bacteria can replicate once:
A. Every 20 seconds
B. Bacteria can not replicate without the help of a host
C. An hour
D. Every 24 hours
Answer:
most bacteria replicate every 20 minutes, if the conditions are good. i really dont know about the other answers, because bacteria can live outside of a host, longer than a normal virus can. and for sure its NOT A or C. so its a 50-50 shot B or D. sorry i couldn't help any further
Explanation:
When Mr. T’s blood pressure dropped, his heart rate increased. Which part of his autonomic system was responsible for this response? What other signs of autonomic activity did you observe in Mr. T?
Answer:
Medulla oblongata is responsible for autonomic regulation system.
Explanation:
Autonomic regulation is a controlling system that regulates different function of body such as heart rate,digestion,blood pressure,urination,respiratory rate,papillary response etc.
Hypothalamus is the main center of controlling this functions.
Autonomic dysfunction occur when autonomous nervous system damages,and the effect may be mild to life threatening.
Autonomic activity may leads to certain kind of side effects like-
Dizziness,faintingexercise intolerance.sweating abnormalities.Diarrhea,constipation,difficulty in swallowing.Urinary problems,incomplete emptying of the bladder.Vision problems,blurry vision,vaginal dryness etc.
The term _____ refers to a group of related plants that grow in some regions of Central and South America and whose leaves are used as natural sweeteners
Answer:
dtyykuk
Explanation:
utlilitli
Intracellular condensates are non-membrane bound biochemical subcompartments that form due to phase separation among networks of weakly interacting molecules. Sabari et al., 2018, proposed that the transcriptional coactivator BRD4 helps form intracellular condensates containing other transcriptional proteins. A prediction of this proposal is that BRD4 should behave as a liquid within the condensate with rapid movement. Which procedure could be used to analyze movement of BRD2 in living cells?
Answer:
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching.
Explanation:
The molecules can move inside and outside of the cell trough the semi permeable membrane. The molecules might require or do not require energy depending upon the concentration gradient.
The FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) is the techniques used to identify the diffusion and lateral movement of molecules. This technique uses the fluorescence molecule and then the photobleaching of that particular molecule is directly proportional to the movement of molecule. The bleaching can be observed on the autoradiography.
A cell replicates its entire chromosomal dna only __________.
A cell replicates its entire chromosomal dna only before its about to divide.
Thus, Only during the S phase of the cell cycle does a cell duplicate its full chromosomal DNA. The G1 phase (Gap 1), S phase (Synthesis), G2 phase (Gap 2), and M phase (Mitosis) are some of the stages that make up the cell cycle.
The DNA of the cell is copied during the S phase in order to prepare for cell division.
During the following M phase, the replicated chromosomes are subsequently dispersed to daughter cells, ensuring that each daughter cell obtains a full copy of the genetic material.
Thus, A cell replicates its entire chromosomal dna only before its about to divide.
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Why does temperature affect heart rate in ectothermic organisms
Answer:cause its hot
Explanation:
Answer:
hii
Explanation:
Use of synthetic fertilizers often leads to the contamination of groundwater with nitrates. Nitrate pollution is also a suspected cause of anoxic "dead zones" in the ocean. Which of the following might help reduce nitrate pollution?a) growing improved crop plants that have nitrogen-fixing enzymes.
b) adding nitrifying bacteria to the soil.
c) adding denitrifying bacteria to the soil.
d) using ammonia instead of nitrate as a fertilizer.
Explanation:
Growing improved crop plants that have nitrogen fixing enzymes
Nitrate pollution occurs because of the introduction of excessive amounts of nitrogen to ground water and surface waterUse of synthetic fertilizers has resulted in high levels of pollution and eutrophication of lakes and rivers When nitrogen fertilizers are leached deep down into the soil they cause serious pollution problemsPlants that can do nitrogen fixation include members of family FabaceaeThe symbiotic association between legumes and Rhizobium is the most important nitrogen fixing association; rhizobia bacteria convert nitrogen gas to ammonia and this process is called nitrogen fixationAdding denitrifying bacteria to the soil could help reduce nitrate pollution by converting nitrates into nitrogen gas through the process of denitrification.
The excessive use of fertilizers leads to high levels of nitrates in groundwater and contributes to the creation of anoxic "dead zones" in the ocean. To help reduce nitrate pollution, one effective method could be adding denitrifying bacteria to the soil. These bacteria perform denitrification, a process where they convert nitrates (NO3−) into nitrogen gas (N2), thereby reducing the levels of nitrates in the soil and preventing the leaching of these compounds into groundwater and ultimately the ocean. This reduction in nitrate levels could decrease the occurrence of eutrophication and subsequent anoxic conditions.
WILL BE MARKED AS. BRAINLIEST The process of inflammation _____.
a. is an ongoing response to long-term infection
b. produces chemotaxis
c. is a fast process that destroys infected or damaged tissue
d. produces prostaglandins
e. is never helpful to healing
Answer:
E
Explanation:
Inflammation occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause.
Answer:Option d is correct that is Produces prostaglandins.
Explanation
Because prostaglandins are the chemical the releases at the site of infection. This chemical cause the release of the fluid from blood vessels to tissues and causes swelling. It act as ap part if healing process.
A leukocyte is responsible for:
bringing oxygen to the other body cells
fighting disease by phagocytosis or antibody production
causing muscle contraction
conducting nervous impulses throughout the body
Answer:
The second one is correct
Explanation:
A leukocyte is responsible for the immune system
Answer: fighting disease by phagocytosis or antibody production
Some of the largest leaves in the world can be found on plants near the floor of dense tropical rain forests. Which of the following precursors for photosynthesis is most likely limited in these large leaves?A) oxygenB) carbon dioxideC) glucoseD) light
Light.
Explanation:
The tropical rainforest have a dense plant cover and the canopy of tall and densely packed trees do not allow much light to penetrate through them. However, light is essential precursor of photosynthesis for all green plants. To adapt in such conditions the plants that thrive on the forest floor of tropical rainforest developed large leaves so that more and more available light could be trapped in order to carry out photosynthesis.
Thus we can say here light being limited ,acts factor that lead to such morphology.
Bacteria are a commonly used organism for studies of genetic material in the research laboratory. The nucleic acids must first be isolated from the cells for these studies. Which of the following would most likely be used to lyse the bacterial cells for nucleic acid isolation?
a. lysozyme
b. polymixins
c. alcohol
d. water
e. mycolic acid
Answer: a. lysozyme
Explanation: Lysozyme discovered by Sir. Alexander Fleming are enzymes that catalyzes the breakdown of some carbohydrates present in the cell walls of some bacteria. They can be used to lyse the cell walls of bacteria for isolation of the nucleic acids.
Which of the following is true of digoxin? Multiple Choice Digoxin should only be administered intravenously. Food interferes with the extent of absorption of digoxin. Food delays the absorption of digoxin. Digoxin is bound significantly to plasma proteins.
Explanation:
Digoxin is bound significantly to plasma proteinsDigoxin is derived from the digitalis plant through the leaves.It helps regular rhythm and make the heart beat strongerIt used to treat heart failureIt used to treat the a heart rhythm disorder of the atria and atrial fibrillationThe Digoxin take continue even if you have no symptoms and feeling wellDigoxin injection is given as an fusion in to vein and shot into muscleYou find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. Which line of evidence would definitively support your hypothesis?
Final answer:
The presence of specialized structures like roots, stems, and leaves, as well as the ability to undergo photosynthesis, would definitively support the hypothesis that the green organism is a plant and not an alga.
Explanation:
The line of evidence that would definitively support the hypothesis that the green organism found in the pond near your house is a plant and not an alga is if it has specialized structures such as roots, stems, and leaves. These structures are characteristic of plants and are not found in algae. Additionally, if the organism undergoes photosynthesis and contains chloroplasts, it would further support the idea that it is a plant.
If the frequency of a particular allele that is present in a small, isolated population of alpine plants decreases due to a landslide that leaves an even smaller remnant of surviving plants bearing this allele, then what has occurred? A. A bottleneck B. Genetic drift C. Microevolution D. A and B only E. A, B, and C are all correct.
Answer:
Option-E
Explanation:
Genetic drift refers to the change in the frequency of the alleles in a small population over a short duration of time. This change in frequency is due to the random process like a natural catastrophe.
In the given question, the population of alpine decreased and resulted in the smaller surviving plant population. This changed the gene pool of the population and resulted in the genetic drift.
However, this also leads to the macroevolution as the process changes the population survival, as well as the bottleneck effect, is observed as the smaller gene pool survives and will reproduce.
Thus, Option-E is correct.
Osteocytes maintain contact allowing them to communicate and permitting nutrients and wastes to be relayed from one osteocyte to the next through __________.
Explanation:
The ducts or small canals which are present in the body, such as in the bone, or in some plants are termed as Canaliculi.These are channels which comes out from the Lacunae. These lacunae are comprised of osteocytes cells.The function of Canaliculi is that the nutrients are supplied through blood vessels,provides a means of communication between osteocytes and cellular wastes are removed with the help of Canaliculi.The type of bone present in Canaliculi is Compact Bone.Above a certain substrate concentration, the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction drops as the enzymes become saturated. Which of the following would lead to a faster conversion of substrate into product under these saturated conditions?
a. an increase in concentration of enzyme
b. decreasing the temperature
c. increasing the substrate concentration
d. add a noncompetitive inhibito
Answer:
- An increase in concentration of enzyme
- Increasing the substrate concentration.
Both will increase the enzyme concentration or slightly increasing the temperature will increase the rate of product formation
In the Z-scheme ____ is the initial electron donor and ____ is the final electron acceptor. A. Water; NADP B. NADPH; oxygen C. Water; oxygen D. ATP; carbon dioxide
Explanation:
Z scheme also known as non cyclic electron flow which starts with the absorption of light by photosystem II
Z scheme involves both photosystem(PS) I and photosystem(PS) IIWater becomes oxidized and oxygen gas is released/evolved as a result NADP+ gets reduced and produces NADPHOxidation of water and release of protons in lumen is done by PSII whereas reduction of NADP+ to NADPH is done by PSIOxidation of water molecule establish gradient of proton and this gradient drives synthesis of ATPIn the Z-scheme of photosynthesis, water (H2O) is the initial electron donor, and NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) is the final electron acceptor. Therefore option A is correct.
The Z-scheme, also known as the light-dependent reactions, occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
During this process, light energy is absorbed by photosystems I and II, exciting electrons in chlorophyll molecules.
These electrons are then transferred along an electron transport chain, which includes cytochrome complexes, plastocyanin, and finally, NADP+. In the last step, NADP+ accepts two electrons and a proton, becoming reduced to NADPH.
Water is split, providing the electrons needed to replenish the electrons lost from chlorophyll in photosystem II, and oxygen (O2) is released as a byproduct.
Therefore option A Water; NADP is correct.
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As president, Theodore Roosevelt was persuaded by Gifford Pinchot to refrain from setting aside millions of acres of federal land as wildlife preserves. True
Explanation:
Wildlife preserves can be found in each nation, each condition and each environment. Preserves hold however much of a primitive character as could be expected, acting as sanctuaries for flora and fauna and the characteristic procedures interesting to a considerable lot of these regularly special areas. Preserves are shielded from improvement trying to save their character. Unfortunately, bueracrats and psuedo-conservationalists at times have alterior thoughts of a preserve's purpose.
If you wanted to sequence the genome of Ötzi, the 5,300-year-old "Iceman" mummy found in the Alps in 1991, which method would you be most likely to use?
The question is incomplete as it does not have the options which are:
a) DNA
b) AGCT
c) PCR
d) SNP
Answer:
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
Explanation:
The polymerase chain reaction is the technique which replicates and produces multiple copies of the DNA molecule artificially in a short period of time.
The PCR technique employs a variety of enzymes and all the prerequisites which are required in the DNA replication in vivo conditions.
In the given question, if the genome of the mummy has to sequence then after the collection of samples from the bones, the DNA has to replicate through the process of PCR. The samples from the different bone structures can be compared and analysed and a complete genome sequence can be analysed.
Thus, PCR is correct.
Based on what we know about the osmosis of water molecules across plasma membranes, predict what will happen to the cytoplasmic volume of the cells of Elodea (that is, the amount of liquid stored inside the cells) when an Elodea leaf is placed in a 15% NaCI solution (a hypertonic environment)
Based on what we know about the osmosis of water molecules across plasma membranes, predict what will happen to the cytoplasmic volume of red blood cells (that is, the amount of liquid stored inside the cells) when red blood cells are placed in distilled water (a hypotonic environment)
Answer:
when placed in hyper tonic solution , the cytoplasmic volume of elodea plant will be reduced, this is because, elodea is a water plant with high water potential; therefore,with cytoplasm of high water potential elodea will loose water from the cytoplasm to the external; hypertonic solution, of lower of potential by osmosis. This reduces the cytoplasmic volume.With time the protoplasm pulls away from the cell wall, and the whole elodea structure shrinks.
However,, when RBC is placed in hypotonic solution, of higher water potential than the RBC (which has lower water potential), the cytoplasmic volume increases as water moves into the cytoplasm by osmosis. The RBC swells and eventually busted. This is hemolysis.
Explanation:
In hypertonic solutions, water leaves cells causing cytoplasmic volume to decrease. In hypotonic solutions, water enters cells causing cytoplasmic volume to increase.
Explanation:In a hypertonic environment, such as a 15% NaCI solution, water molecules will move out of the Elodea cells through osmosis, causing the cytoplasmic volume to decrease. The hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solute compared to the cytoplasm, so water will leave the cells to equalize the concentration. This can lead to shrinkage or wilting of the Elodea cells.
In a hypotonic environment, like distilled water, water molecules will move into the red blood cells through osmosis, causing the cytoplasmic volume to increase. The hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solute compared to the cytoplasm, so water will enter the cells to equalize the concentration. This can result in the swelling and potential bursting of the red blood cells.
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What feature of DNA allows for faithful copies to be made during DNA replication and passed on to the daughter cells? If you cannot remember from high-school biology, you can review these basic concepts by completing this week's homework assignment first, before continuing this pre-lecture lesson: Molecular Basis of Heredity complementary base-pairing rules redundancy of genetic code no restriction of sequence of nucleotides along length of DNA molecule Central Dogma of Biology
Answer:
complementary base-pairing rules
Explanation:
DNA is the genetic material of living cells. It is a long chain of double-stranded molecules, in which each strand is complementary to one another i.e. Adenine base is paired with Thymine base while Guanine base pairs with Cytosine base following the complementary base pairing rule as proposed by Chargaff. This pairing is responsible for the double helical structure of the DNA.
The complementary base pairs that a DNA molecule contains make it able to produce identical copies of itself during replication or duplication. Before replication of DNA can occur, the double strands need to unwind to form two separate strands, which serves as a template for the synthesis of new complementary strands.
In this manner, each new strand contains one template strand and one complementary strand, which forms two new double helix that is identical to the original strand. This two identical copies of DNA gets separated into two daughter cells, which is the essence of the DNA replication.
Which linkages would you expect to find at a branch point in glycogen or amylopectin?
Answer:
α-1,6-glycosidic linkage.
Explanation:
The carbohydrates are the polymers made of the sugars and bonded together through the glycosisdic bonds. The monosaccharides are the simplest unit of the carbohydrates.
The glycogen and amylopectin share similar structural features. Both have α-1,4-glycosidic linkage in their linear structure. The branching has been introduced in the glycogen and amylopectin structure through the α-1,6-glycosidic linkage.
Thus, the answer is α-1,6-glycosidic linkage.