Answer: C) divide: distance ÷ velocity
Explanation:
The velocity [tex]V[/tex] equation is distance [tex]d[/tex] divided by time [tex]t[/tex]:
[tex]V=\frac{d}{t}[/tex]
If we isolate [tex]t[/tex] we will have:
[tex]t=\frac{d}{V}[/tex]
Hence, the correct option is C: distance divided by velocity.
During lightning strikes from a cloud to the ground, currents as high as 2.50×10^4 Amps can occur and last for about 40.0 microseconds . How much charge is transferred from the cloud to the earth during such a strike?
The charge transferred during a lightning strike with a current of 2.50 x[tex]10^4[/tex]A lasting for 40.0 microseconds is calculated as 1.00 C using the formula Q = I x t.
The amount of charge transferred during a lightning strike can be calculated by using the formula Q = I x t, where Q is the charge in coulombs (C), I is the current in amperes (A), and t is the time in seconds (s). Given that the current during a lightning strike is 2.50 x [tex]10^4[/tex] A and it lasts for 40.0 microseconds (which is 40.0 x [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] seconds), we can calculate the charge transferred from the cloud to the earth.
By substituting the given values into the formula, we get:
Q = ([tex]2.50 \times 10^4 A) \times (40.0 \times 10^{-6} s[/tex]) = 1.00 C.
Thus, 1 coulomb of charge is transferred from the cloud to the earth during such a lightning strike.
The images show sedimentary layers before and after they were shifted by a geologic event.
After the geologic event, which layer is the oldest?
layer A
layer B
layer C
layer D
Answer:
Layer A is the oldest
Explanation:
The image to the left shows an undisturbed sedimentary sequence and we can use it as our type section. The layers have fossils that can be used to correlate them with other terrane. Here, layer A is at the bottom.
After the geologic event which overturns the rock layers, we see that layer A has come on top and the whole sequence has subsided.
Applying the law of superposition of strata, which states that "in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, the oldest rock layer is at the bottom of the sequence".
Using this law, we see that layer A must have formed first D being the youngest.
Answer:
layer a
Explanation:
A transistor circuit is used as an amplifier. When a signal is applied to the input of the transistor, the output signal is ________ in amplitude.
DIFFERENT in amplitude.
It depends on the "gain" of the amplifier. If gain is less than 1, output amplitude is smaller. If gain is more than 1, output amplitude is greater
A transistor circuit amplifies the signal applied to its input by increasing its amplitude. This is achieved through controlling a large current with a small input voltage or current, a principle that enables sound amplification in devices like microphones and loudspeakers.
Explanation:A transistor circuit is used as an amplifier to increase the amplitude of the signal applied to its input. Transistor amplifiers work by using a small input voltage or current to control a much larger current flow through the circuit. This principle allows devices like microphones and loudspeakers to operate; for example, sound waves cause the diaphragm inside a microphone to move, which in turn varies the voltage applied to the base of a transistor. This small change in the base voltage controls a larger current that flows to the loudspeaker, effectively amplifying the sound. The amount by which the signal is amplified is referred to as the gain, which can be expressed in terms of voltage gain (the ratio of output voltage to input voltage) or current gain (the ratio of output current to input current).
It's important to note, however, that amplifiers can introduce distortion if the input signal amplitude increases beyond the maximum output amplitude the circuit can handle, leading to cutoff peaks in the output signal.
What is the average speed for a car driving a distance of 186 meters to the north in a time of 28 seconds?
a
6.64m/s
b
9.15m/s
c
3.64m/s
d
7.64m/s
e
9.64m/s
Answer:
6.642857143 or a . 6.64 m/s
Explanation:
186/28 = 6.642857143
In December, a city in the Southern Hemisphere has warm weather all month long. What causes this to happen?
Answer:
In the Southern Hemisphere, summer starts in December. This means that during this month the weather is warm.
This is because, in this period of time, the southern hemisphere is receiving more ray lights from the sun, which raises the temperature in the southern hemisphere.
If the torque on an object adds up to zero
A) the forces on it also add up to zero.
B) the object is at rest.
C) the object could be rotating and its center of mass could be accelerating linearly
D) the object could not be rotating and its center of mass could be accelerating linearly
E) None of the above.
If the net torque acting on the system is zero, the net force may or may not be zero.
The net torque on the Object is zero implies that the Object cannot have an angular acceleration
but it will have an angular velocity.
Thus, the object will rotate.
The center of mass of the object
will have the linear acceleration since because there will be a net force.
Thus, the correct option
is the object could be both turning and accelerating linearly.
the object could be rotating and its center of mass could be accelerating linearly.
Answer :C
If an object's torque increases to zero, the object could be rotating and its center of mass could be accelerating linearly.
What is torque?Torque is a measure of the force which helps an object to rotate about an axis. It is also known as the rotational equivalent of linear force.What happens if the torque on an object adds up to zero?If the net torque acting on the system is zero, the net force may or may not be zero. The net torque on the object is zero implying that the object can't have an angular acceleration but it will have an angular velocity and therefore, the object will rotate. Thus, the object's center of mass will have linear acceleration because there will be a net force.Hence option (C) 'the object could be rotating and its center of mass could be accelerating linearly' is correct.
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I have my answers I want to know am I correct. Thank you
Question 1 1 / 1 point
In a magnet, what type of poles are attracted to each other?
Question options:
south poles
unlike or different poles
like poles
north poles
Question 2
Magnets are surrounded by ______________________.
Question options:
gravitational fields
magnetic fields
positively charged matter
electric fields
Question 3
Bar magnets have ____ poles.
Question options:
1
2
3
4
Question 4
What elements have magnetic properties and will be attracted to magnets?
Question options:
Cobalt, sodium and mercury
Iron, cobalt, and nickel
Nickel, mercury and sodium
Sodium, cobalt and iron
Question 5
The movement or spinning of this subatomic particle is what creates magnetism.
Question options:
protons
Neutrons
electrons
quarks
Question 6
True or False: Magnets are weakest at their poles.
Question options:
True
False
Question 7
______________ are devices that create a magnetic field through the application of electricity.
Question options:
Motors
Electromagnets
Generators
Magnets
Question 8
True or False: Electromagnets are beneficial because they can be turned on and off.
Question options:
True
False
Question 9
The earth has a protective magnetic field around it, that is created by _________.
Question options:
the upward motion of mountain chains forming.
molten iron in the Earth's core.
molten iron in volcanoes.
the movement of tectonic plates.
Question 10
True or False: Doorbells, scrap yards, and rock concerts are all examples of every day uses of electromagnets.
Question options:
True
False
Question 11
True or False: Electromagnets cannot lift heavy objects.
Question options:
True
False
Question 12
Looking that following diagram of bar magnets, determine if the magnets will or will not connect (attract) and why.
barmagnet
Question options:
They will connect because the like poles are facing each other, and like poles attract.
They will connect because the different poles are facing each other, and different poles attract.
They will NOT connect because like poles are facing each other, and like poles repel each other.
They will NOT connect because different poles are facing each other, and different poles repel each other.
are my answers correct before I submit these:
1. unlike or different poles
2. magnetic fields
3. 2
4. Iron, cobalt, and nickel
5. electrons
6. False
7. Electromagnets
8. True
9. molten iron in the Earth's core.
10. True
11. False
12. They will NOT connect because like poles are facing each other, and like poles repel each other.
(its a image of of bar magnets with the north poles facing each other)
Answer:
different poles
Explanation:
different poles attract to each other while same poles repel each other . just remember the old saying opposites attract and likes repel .
Answer: There are a lot of answers, so I will give a short answer to everyone:
1) The magnetic objects only come in dipolar form, so the poles attracted to each other are the different poles (negative to positive9
2) Magnets are surrounded by a field called Magnetic Field.
3) Bar magnets have two poles, as i already said, magnets commonly come in dipolar (two) forms.
4) Ferric materials, so the correct option is iron, cobalt, and nickel.
5) Electrons are the fundamental negative charges. Are the ones responsible of the electromagnetism (which includes the magnteism)
6) False, the magnetic field strength decreases as the distance to the source increases.
7) Electromagnets, as the name implies.
8) Turkish is actually the only benefit, the problem is that they need energy to work, so electromagnets are not actually beneficial for the environment.
9) by the molten iron in the Earth's core.
10) True, doorbells use magnetic fields to make a small piece of metal to vibrate and impact against metal to make noise, scrap yards are moved with big magnets, and the electric guitar and basses need electromagnetism to work, the pickups on those instruments have tiny magnets inside.
11) False, electromagnets do not have theoretical a limit on the magnetic field that they can create.
12) The diagram is missing.
The magnets will connect only if the poles that are facing each other are different.
The number 3 next to hydrogen in NH3 is the ____.
A.coefficient
B.numerator
C.subscript
Answer:
C.subscript
Explanation:
The number 3 is a subscript on the hydrogen atom in ammonia NH₃.
Subscript is a lower notation on a reference atom. It states the number of hydrogen atom covalently bonding with the single N atom.
The superscript is located up. For example P², the 2 is a superscript.
The coefficient is the number before a compound or atom e.g 2C represents two atoms of Carbon.
The numerator is the upper value in a fraction. The denominator is the one beneath.
Answer:
Subscript.
Explanation:
Did it on USA test prep.. hope it helps :)
Which does not increase the strength of an electromagnet?
A. more current in the solenoid
B. using a “soft iron” core
C. fewer turns in the coil
D. more turns in the coil
C is the answer. Decreasing the number of coils would in turn, decrease the current induced and therefore will not increase the strength of the electromagnet.
Answer: The correct answer is "fewer turns in the coil".
Explanation:
Electromagnet: It is not a permanent magnet. When the current passes through iron core wounded by the coils then it will get magnetized.
The domains of the electromagnet gets aligned.
It will loose its magnetism easily when the current is not flowing in it. It is a temporary magnet.
In the electromagnet, the strength of the magnetism can be increased or decreased by increasing the number of turns in the coil or by using a soft iron core and by increasing the current.
Therefore, the correct option is (C).
Microwave ovens emit microwave energy with a wavelength of 12.1 cm. What is the energy of exactly one photon of this microwave radiation?
Answer:
[tex]1.64\cdot 10^{-24}J[/tex]
Explanation:
The energy of a photon is given by:
[tex]E=\frac{hc}{\lambda}[/tex]
where
[tex]h=6.63\cdot 10^{-34} Js[/tex] is the Planck constant
[tex]c=3\cdot 10^8 m/s[/tex] is the speed of light
[tex]\lambda[/tex] is the wavelenght of the photon
For the microwave photons in this problem,
[tex]\lambda=12.1 cm=0.121 m[/tex]
so their energy is
[tex]E=\frac{(6.63\cdot 10^{-34}Js)(3\cdot 10^8 m/s)}{0.121 m}=1.64\cdot 10^{-24}J[/tex]
The energy of a microwave photon can be calculated using the Planck-Einstein relation, with the microwave's frequency derived from its given wavelength. Microwaves are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than infrared but shorter than radio waves, used in applications such as microwave ovens.
Explanation:To determine the energy of a microwave photon, we need to use the Planck-Einstein relation, which states that the energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency and inversely proportional to its wavelength. This relation is given by the equation E=hv where E is the energy, h is Planck's constant and v is frequency.
The frequency v can be determined from the given microwave wavelength 12.1cm using the equation v=c/λ, where c is the speed of light and λ is the wavelength. Since the speed of light and Planck's constant are known quantities, by substituting these values into the Planck-Einstein relation, we can find the energy of a single photon.
It's crucial to note that microwaves, a form of electromagnetic radiation, have longer wavelengths compared to infrared but shorter than radio waves. The energy level they possess makes them suitable for applications such as microwave ovens, where they cause water molecules to rotate faster, resulting in food heating up.
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please help on this one?
Answer:
B) It is connected in parallel and measures potential differences.
Explanation:
A voltmeter measures electrical potential differences between two points in an electric circuit. It is also connected in parallel to measure a device's voltage, while an ammeter is connected in series to measure a device's current.
Hope this helps! :)
The distance that a free falling object falls is directly proportional to the square of the time it falls (before it hits the ground). if an object fell 64 ft in 8 seconds, how far will it have fallen by the end of 9 seconds
If the distance is proportional to the square of the time, then the distance in 9 seconds will be (9/8)² as long as the distance in 8 seconds.
(9/8)² = 1.265625
(64 ft) · (1.265625) = 81 ft.
The distance that a free falling object falls is directly proportional to the square of the time it falls (before it hits the ground). if an object fell 64 ft in 8 seconds, It will it have fallen by the end of 9 seconds at 81 feet.
What is distance?
The distance covered by a body is equal to the sum of total path covered. It is equal to the total path traveled by an object during its entire journey. This quantity is always positive. It can't be 0 or a negative number. It is defined as a scalar quantity.
If two variables are directly proportional, it means that an increase in the value of one variable would cause a corresponding increase in the other variable. Also, a decrease in the value of one variable would cause a corresponding decrease in the other variable.
Given that distance, d varies directly with square of the time t, if we introduce a constant of proportionality, k, the expression becomes
d = kt²
If d = 64 when t = 8, then
64 = k × 8² = 64k
k = 64/64
k = 1
The equation becomes,
d = 1t²
Therefore, when t = 9 seconds, then
d = 1 × 9² = 81 ft
Thus, the distance can be calculated as 81 feet.
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How many neutrons are present in an atom of Argon-38
Answer:
22
Hope this helps :)
Have a great day !
5INGH
Explanation:
18 protons so 18 electrons
You are driving in heavy traffic and it begins to rain. Explian a defensive driving technique that you could use to help make you and your passenger safer.
slow down, turn your windshield wipers and headlights on, create a bigger space between you and the car in front of you.
Answer:
As mentioned in the explanation.
Explanation:
If we are driving in heavy traffic and it begins to rain, then we use the defensive driving technique (for safe driving) which are the following.
(1). Slow down the speed of the car (vehicle).
(2). Turn your windshield wipers and headlight on.
(3). Create a bigger space between your car and the car in front of you.
BEST ANSWER WILL BE BRANLIEST!! 70 POINTS!!
13. The speed of light in a material is calculated by dividing the speed of light in a vacuum by the index of refraction in the material.
Calculate the speed of light in water which has a refraction rate of 1.33. Showing your work is not necessary.
14. The speed of light in a material is calculated by dividing the speed of light in a vacuum by the index of refraction in the material.
Calculate the speed of light in glass which has a refraction rate of 1.50
Showing your work is not necessary.
Answer:
Explanation:
The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 3×10⁸ m/s.
In water with η=1.33:
v = (3×10⁸ m/s) / 1.33
v = 2.26×10⁸ m/s
In glass with η=1.50:
v = (3×10⁸ m/s) / 1.50
v = 2.00×10⁸ m/s
The speed of light in water with a refraction rate of 1.33 is approximately 2.26 x 10^8 m/s, while the speed of light in glass with a refraction rate of 1.50 is approximately 2.00 x 10^8 m/s.
Explanation:The formula to calculate the speed of light in a material is v = c/n, where v is the speed of light in the material, c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and n is the index of refraction of the material. In the first question, the index of refraction for water is given as 1.33. Plugging this value into the formula, we can calculate the speed of light in water by dividing the speed of light in a vacuum (approximately 3.00 x 10^8 m/s) by 1.33, which gives us a speed of light in water of approximately 2.26 x 10^8 m/s. In the second question, the index of refraction for glass is given as 1.50. Following the same calculation, we obtain a speed of light in glass of approximately 2.00 x 10^8 m/s.
As you move faster does the force of gravity increase or decrease?
Answer:
increase
Explanation:
think about it this way:
if you are falling from 2 different heights, 1- off a chair or 2- from a building
as you increase speed from the building you will have a harder impact, whereas when you fall of a chair your speed does not increase as much, even though itll still cause pain, ti wont be as much.
<3
which of the following affect(s) the half-life of a radiocative substance?
A. The addition of a catalyst.
B. The temperature of the substance.
C. The mass of the substance.
D. The type of isotope.
check all that apply.
help fast!!!!!
Answer:
option (D)
Explanation:
The half life of a radio active substance is defined as he time in which the activity of radioactive substance becomes half. For example let the halflife of a radioactive substance is T, it means its activity becomes half in time T.
The relation between halflife T and decay constant K is
T = 0.6931 / K
The half life of a radioactive substance is independent to the mass of substance, temperature of substance and the addition of catalyst.
It is different for different isotopes.
Answer:
d, the type of isotope
Explanation:
ap ex verified
In the military, night vision goggles are used to pull off secret missions into areas that are very dangerous. For this reason, the soldiers try to infiltrate at night so they can't be seen. Thermal-imaging devices are often used as well to locate people on these highly secretive missions. What type of electromagnetic radiation is being utilized?
Answer:
infrared waves
Explanation:
im not sure, but i chose it as an answer and i got it right, so....
Read the scenario.
An acorn starts at a position of 0 m. A squirrel picks it up and moves it to a position of 4 m west. Then, a second squirrel steals it and brings it to a final position of 2 m west.
Which option represents a vector quantity from the scenario?
velocity = 6 m/s west
distance = 6 m
displacement = 2 m west
displacement = 6 m
Answer:
displacement = 2 m west
Explanation:
The displacement of an object is a vector connecting the final point of the motion of the object to the initial point, and its magnitude is equal to the length of the vector. So the magnitude of the displacement is basically the distance (measured in a straight line) between the final point and the starting point.
In this problem, we have:
- initial position of the acorn: 0 m
- final position of the acorn: 2 m west
So, the displacement has a magnitude of
d = 2 m - 0 m = 2 m
And the direction is west, since the final position is west compared to the initial position.
A deglaciated cirque often contains a basin in which a(n ________ can be found. a deglaciated cirque often contains a basin in which a(n ________ can be found. tarn erratic moraine arete knickpoint
Answer:
tarn
Explanation:
The deglaciated cirques very often contain tarn. The tarn can simply be explained as a lake formed from the melted ice, having a natural dam made by a moraine, glacial till, or the lip of the underlying bedrock. The tarn is a small lake, as the space is very limited. This small lake is marking the downstream limit of the glacial overdeepening. This lakes can last for either very short period of time, or be present for a long period of time, depending on the climate conditions.
"One step in the manufacture of silicon wafers used in the microelectronics industry is the melt crystallization of silicon into a crystalline silicon ingot. This processis carried out within a special furnace. When the newly solidified ingot is removed from the furnace, it is assumed to have a uniform initial temperature of 1600 K, which is below the crystallization temperature. At this temperature, the thermal conductivity of silicon is 22 W/(m•K), the density is 2300 kg/m3, and the heat capacity is 1000 J/(kg•K). The hot solid silicon ingot is allowed to cool in air maintained at a constant ambient temperature of 30°C. The diameter of the silicon rod is 15 cm. End effects are considered negligible. The convective heat transfer coefficient is 147 W/(m2•K). What temperature will exist 1.5 cm from the surface of the ingot after a cooling time of 583 sec (9.72 min)?" Consider the rod as acylinder placed vertically.
Answer:
fgfgfdgdg
Explanation:
gfdgfgfgd
Find a numerical value for ρearth, the average density of the earth in kilograms per cubic meter. use 6378km for the radius of the earth, g=6.67×10−11m3/(kg⋅s2), and a value of g at the surface of 9.80m/s29.80m/s2.
Answer:
5501 kg/m^3
Explanation:
The value of g at the Earth's surface is
[tex]g=\frac{GM}{R^2}=9.70 m/s^2[/tex]
where G is the gravitational constant
M is the Earth's mass
[tex]R=6378km = 6.378 \cdot 10^6 m[/tex] is the Earth's radius
Solving the formula for M, we find the value of the Earth's mass:
[tex]M=\frac{gR^2}{G}=\frac{(9.81 m/s^2)(6.378\cdot 10^6 m)^2}{6.67\cdot 10^{-11}}=5.98\cdot 10^{24}kg[/tex]
The Earth's volume is (approximating the Earth to a perfect sphere)
[tex]V=\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 = \frac{4}{3}\pi (6.378\cdot 10^6 m)^3=1.087\cdot 10^{21} m^3[/tex]
So, the average density of the Earth is
[tex]\rho = \frac{M}{V}=\frac{5.98\cdot 10^{24} kg}{1.087\cdot 10^{21} m^3}=5501 kg/m^3[/tex]
The average density of the earth is about 5.50 × 10³ kg/m³
[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]
Further explanationLet's recall the Gravitational Force formula:
[tex]\boxed {F = G\ \frac{m_1 m_2}{R^2}}[/tex]
where:
F = Gravitational Force ( N )
G = Gravitational Constant ( = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg² )
m = mass of object ( kg )
R = distance between object ( m )
Let us now tackle the problem!
[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]
Given:
Radius of The Earth = R = 6378 km = 6378000 m
Gravitational Constant = G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg²
Gravitational Acceleration = g = 9.90 m/s²
Asked:
Average Density of the Earth = ρ = ?
Solution:
Firstly , we will calculate the mass of the Earth as follows:
[tex]g = G \frac{M}{R^2}[/tex]
[tex]\boxed {M = \frac{g R^2}{G} }[/tex] → Equation 1
[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]
Next , we could calculate the average density of the Earth as follows:
[tex]\rho = M \div V[/tex]
[tex]\rho = (\frac{g R^2}{G}) \div ( \frac{4}{3} \pi R^3 )[/tex] ← Equation 1
[tex]\rho = \frac{3gR^2}{4 \pi G R^3}[/tex]
[tex]\rho = \frac{3g}{4 \pi G R}[/tex]
[tex]\rho = \frac{3 \times 9.80}{ 4 \pi \times 6.67 \times 10^{-11} \times 6378000 }[/tex]
[tex]\boxed {\rho \approx 5.50 \times 10^3 \texttt{ kg/m}^3}[/tex]
[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]
Learn moreUnit of G : https://brainly.com/question/1724648Velocity of Runner : https://brainly.com/question/3813437Kinetic Energy : https://brainly.com/question/692781Acceleration : https://brainly.com/question/2283922The Speed of Car : https://brainly.com/question/568302[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]
Answer detailsGrade: High School
Subject: Mathematics
Chapter: Gravitational Force
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion is called _______
The answer is inertia
Answer: INERTIA
Explanation:
From newton first law, A body will continue to be in a state of constant motion unless being acted upon by an external force. Example passengers in a moving vehicle will tend to resist motion during stoppage of the car due to a tendency to want to continue in motion.
Can someone help??? PLEEEASE!!! I really wanna finish this exit ticket (>_<)
**Wrong answers will be reported**
Answer:
Explanation:
A planet.
Stars produce energy through fusion, and galaxies are made of stars.
Asteroids do not have objects orbiting around them.
The principal quantum number indicates what property of an electron?
The main quantum number, identified by n, gives information about the orbital energy level of the electron.
To understand it better:
According to the current model of the atom, it has a central nucleus with electrons orbiting around. These orbits are located at different energy levels that are related to the distance from the electron to the nucleus.
So, the first energy level, is considered the lowest, because it is the smallest and the one that is in average closer to the nucleus, and as n increases, the farther away from the nucleus is the orbital and therefore more energy the electron has.
It should be noted that the values of n will always be positive integer numbers, for example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7. Although theoretically its value oscillates between 1 and infinity, until now only atoms whose maximum energetic level is 8 are known.
The principal quantum number is a crucial quantum number that designates the energy level or shell of an electron in an atom. It helps outline the general area where an electron is most likely found. It also offers understanding about the behavior and positions of electrons in atomic orbitals.
Explanation:The principal quantum number, denoted as n, is one of the four quantum numbers used to characterize an electron within an atom. This quantum number indicates the energy level, or shell, that the electron occupies in an atom. Specifically, it defines the general region in which an electron is most probable to reside, based on probabilistic solutions of the Schrödinger equation and the quantum mechanical model.
An electron in an atom’s quantum state is determined by its quantum numbers (n, l, m₁, ms), with the mixed values of n ranging from 1, 2, 3, etc. Defining n also limits the values of the following quantum numbers. For instance, once n is known, the angular momentum quantum number l can only have the following values: l = 0, 1, 2, ..., n − 1.
Further, in accordance to the Pauli exclusion principle, no two electrons in an atom can possess the same set of the four quantum numbers. Hence, the principal quantum number, in conjunction with other quantum numbers, helps us to understand the behavior and positions of electrons within specific atomic orbitals. The understanding of how these quantum numbers work provides a fundamental basis for comprehending the quantum mechanical model of an atom.
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In 2005 astronomers announced the discovery of a large black hole in the galaxy Markarian 766 having clumps of matter orbiting around once every 27 hours and moving at 30,000 km/s.
A. How far are these clumps from the center of the black hole?
B. What is the mass of this black hole, assuming circular orbits? Express your answer in kilograms and as a multiple of our sun's mass.
C. What is the radius of its event horizon?
A) [tex]4.6\cdot 10^{11} m[/tex]
The period of the orbit of the clumps around the black hole is
[tex]T=27 h \cdot (3600 s/h)=97,200 s[/tex]
While their orbital speed is
[tex]v=30,000 km/s=3.0\cdot 10^7 m/s[/tex]
And the orbital speed is equal to the ratio between the circumference of the orbit and the orbital period:
[tex]v=\frac{2\pi r}{T}[/tex]
So re-arranging the equation, we find the radius of the orbit of the clumps:
[tex]r=\frac{vT}{2\pi}=\frac{(3.0\cdot 10^7 m/s)(97,200 s)}{2\pi}=4.6\cdot 10^{11} m[/tex]
B) [tex]6.2\cdot 10^{36}kg, 3.1\cdot 10^6 M_s[/tex]
The mass of the black hole can be found by equalizing the gravitational attraction between the black hole and the clumps to the centripetal force:
[tex]G\frac{Mm}{r^2} = m\frac{v^2}{r}[/tex]
where G is the gravitational constant, M the mass of the black hole, m the mass of the clumps.
Solving for M,
[tex]M=\frac{v^2r}{G}=\frac{(3.0\cdot 10^7 m/s)^2(4.6\cdot 10^{11} m)}{6.67\cdot 10^{-11}}=6.2\cdot 10^{36}kg[/tex]
And since 1 solar mass is
[tex]M_s = 2.0\cdot 10^{30} kg[/tex]
the mass of the black hole in multuple of solar masses is
[tex]M=\frac{6.2\cdot 10^{36}kg}{2.0\cdot 10^{30} kg}=3.1\cdot 10^6 M_s[/tex]
C) [tex]9.2\cdot 10^9 m[/tex]
The radius of the event horizon of a black hole is given by
[tex]R=\frac{2GM}{c^2}[/tex]
where
G is the gravitational constant
M is the mass of the black hole
c is the speed of light
Substituting, we find
[tex]R=\frac{2(6.67\cdot 10^{-11})(6.2\cdot 10^{36}kg)}{(3.0\cdot 10^8 m/s)^2}=9.2\cdot 10^9 m[/tex]
Explanation of distance from the black hole, mass calculation, and event horizon radius for the given scenario.
A. How far are these clumps from the center of the black hole?
To calculate the distance, we can use the formula for orbital speed: v = 2πr / T. Given T = 27 hours and v = 30,000 km/s, we can find r. r = v * T / (2π) = 30,000 km/s * 27 hours / (2π) = 405,389 km from the center of the black hole.
B. What is the mass of this black hole, assuming circular orbits?
Using Kepler's third law, we have M = r * v^2 / G, where G is the gravitational constant. Plugging in the values, we can find the mass both in kilograms and as a multiple of our sun's mass.
C. What is the radius of its event horizon?
The event horizon radius of a black hole is given by the formula r = 2GM / c^2, where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass, and c is the speed of light.
What is total internal reflection? When does it occur?
Total internal reflection is the phenomenon that occurs when a ray of light travels from a medium of high refractive index to a lower refractive index medium.
In this sense, the ray is refracted in such a way that it is not able to cross the surface between both media, being completely reflected.
This is the physical principle used in optical fiber to conduct light through the fiber without energy loss.
It is important to note, that this phenomenon occurs at a limit angle [tex]\theta_{c}[/tex], which is calculated from Snell's law, substituting the angle of the second medium by [tex]\theta_{2}=90\º[/tex]:
[tex]n_{1}sin\theta_{c}=n_{2}sin(90\º)[/tex]
Where [tex]n_{1}[/tex] and [tex]n_{2}[/tex] are the refractive indexes of both media.
Will our Sun ever undergo a white dwarf supernova explosion? Why or why not?
A) No, because it is not orbited by another star.
B) No, because the Sunʹs core will never be hot enough to fuse carbon and other heavierelements into iron.
C) Yes, about a million years after it becomes a white dwarf.
D) Yes, right at the end of its double-shell burning stage of life.
Answer:
(A)
Explanation:
No, because it is not orbited by another star
Hope this help :)
Your eyes have three different types of cones with maximum absorption at 437 nm, 533 nm, and 564 nm.What photon energies correspond to these wavelengths? (answer in eV)
The energy [tex]E[/tex] of a photon is given by the following formula:
[tex]E=h.f[/tex] (1)
Where:
[tex]h=4.136(10)^{-15} eV.s[/tex] is the Planck constant
[tex]f[/tex] is the frequency in hertz [tex]Hz=s^{-1}[/tex]
Now, the frequency has an inverse relation with the wavelength [tex]\lambda[/tex]:
[tex]f=\frac{c}{\lambda}[/tex] (2)
Where [tex]c=3(10)^{8}m/s[/tex] is the speed of light in vacuum
Substituting (2) in (1):
[tex]E=\frac{hc}{\lambda}[/tex] (3)
Knowing this, let's begin with the answers:
437 nmFor [tex]\lambda=437nm=437(10)^{-9}m[/tex]
[tex]E=\frac{(4.136(10)^{-15} eV.s)(3(10)^{8}m/s)}{437(10)^{-9}m}[/tex]
[tex]E=\frac{1.24(10)^{-6}eV.m }{437(10)^{-9}m}[/tex]
[tex]E=2.837eV[/tex]
533 nmFor [tex]\lambda=533nm=533(10)^{-9}m[/tex]
[tex]E=\frac{1.24(10)^{-6}eV.m }{533(10)^{-9}m}[/tex]
[tex]E=2.327eV[/tex]
564 nmFor [tex]\lambda=564nm=564(10)^{-9}m[/tex]
[tex]E=\frac{1.24(10)^{-6}eV.m }{564(10)^{-9}m}[/tex]
[tex]E=2.2eV[/tex]
Which example best illustrates the transfer of energy between two waves?
A)A buoy rises in the water as a boat speeds past.B)A basketball rebounds from the backboard during a missed shot.C)An egg that rolls off the counter falls and breaks on the floor.D)A car that rear ends another car causes damage to both vehicles.
Answer:
A) A buoy rises in the water as a boat speeds past.
Explanation:
The passing boat transfers energy in the form of a wave. Other options illustrate other physics concepts like gravity (falling egg) or Newton's law (for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction).