The sternal angle indicates the location of the __________ pair of ribs.

The structure listed that is not a part of the alimentary canal, yet is an accessory organ to the digestive system is the Pancreas. Option A is correct.

The alimentary canal is also known as the gastrointestinal tract. This includes all organs through which food travels once ingested. Which would be:

Since they are included in this list, options B, C, and D are incorrect given that they do form part of the alimentary canal. The accessory organ is the pancreas given that it secrets substances into this canal that then assist in the digestive process.

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The pancreas is considered an accessory organ to the digestive system.

An accessory organ to the digestive system is an organ that helps in the process of digestion but is not part of the alimentary canal. The pancreas is considered an accessory organ because it produces digestive enzymes and releases them into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

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Answer:

The answer to this question is a bit more complex, because there is not one single name for the three types of muscle fibers in the human body. It is important thus to remember that the human system has three types: skeletal muscle, or voluntary muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle fibers.

In the case of skeletal muscle, the functional unit of myofibrils, the ones responsible for movement, is called a sarcomere, and they are striated. These sarcomeres combine in units of myofibrils that when stimulated by motor neurons, produce movement.

The second case is smooth muscle. In this case, we have single-unit cells, elongated, to form the linings of organs such as the bladder, and their movement is not voluntary. This system´s unit, then, is called a myocytes.

The third type of muscle, which is cardiac muscle, is the one responsible for the movements of organs such as the heart, and their unit is better known as cardiomyocyte.

The functional unit of a muscle fiber is the Sarcomere. It is responsible for muscle contraction and accounts for the striated appearance of skeletal muscles.

The functional unit of a muscle fiber is termed as the Sarcomere. The Sarcomere, which is located inside the muscle fiber, is responsible for the muscle's contraction. It is a repeating unit along the length of the muscle fiber and it represents the smallest functional unit within the myofibril. The arrangement of sarcomeres gives skeletal muscles their striated appearance. In simpler terms, the Sarcomere works like a tiny engine within the muscle, driving muscle contraction.

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Answer:

true

Explanation:

the shape of the rbc are usually sickles or cresent moon shaped. these shapes get stuck in small blood vessels. which can slow or block blood flow

Currently there is no cure for sickle-cell anemia

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Extracting DNA involves firstly harvesting the required cells (such as from the inside of cheeks), then the cells are broken up using enzymes or detergents. The products (usually a mixture of cell products –mainly RNA, DNA, and proteins) are then put in a centrifuge to separate the proteins from the DNA.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

To calculate the volumes related to a spherical human cell, we use the volume formula for a sphere. The total volume of the cell is computed as well as the volume of the membrane, then we determine the percentage of the total cell volume that the membrane occupies, which is about 0.0624%.

To calculate the various volumes requested in these questions regarding a typical human cell modeled as a sphere, we start by computing the volume of the entire cell including its membrane. The formula for the volume of a sphere is V = (4/3)\u03c0r^3.

To find the volume of the cell, including the membrane, with a diameter of 12.00 \u03bcm, we first determine the radius, which is half the diameter, so 6.00 \u03bcm or 6.00 x 10^-6 m. Substituting this into the formula gives us approximately 904.78 x 10^-18 m^3.

For the volume of the cell membrane, we must consider the volume of the cell with the membrane and subtract the volume of the cell without the membrane. The thickness of the membrane is 5.000 nm, or 5.000 x 10^-9 m. The outer radius of the cell is 6.00 \u03bcm, and the inner radius, after subtracting the thickness of the membrane, is 5.995 \u03bcm or 5.995 x 10^-6 m. The volume of the cell membrane is then the volume of the sphere with a 6.00 x 10^-6 m radius minus the volume of the sphere with a 5.995 x 10^-6 m radius, which comes out to approximately 0.565 x 10^-18 m^3.

Lastly, to find the percent of the total volume that the membrane occupies, we divide the membrane volume by the total cell volume and multiply by 100%, resulting in approximately 0.0624%.

Answer:

Trabeculae

Explanation:

The lattice or meshwork of Trabeculae forms a spongy bone.

The lattice or meshwork of Trabeculae forms a spongy bone.

Answer:

The turnover ratio is 10.7

Explanation:

Turnover ratio may be defined as the ration of net credit sales with the average accounts receivable.

The formula used to calculate the turnover ratio is :

[tex]\text{Turn over ratio}= \frac{\text{net credit sales}}{\text{average account receivables}}[/tex]

Net credit sales (2019)=  $1,022,000

Average account receivables = [tex]\frac{(88,000-4000)+(111,000-5,500)}{2}[/tex]

=94750.

[tex]\text{Turn over ratio}=[tex]\frac{1,022,000}{94750}[/tex]

= 10.7

Hence, The turn over ratio is 10.7.

The region of a long bone that articulates with another bone at a joint is the Epiphysis.

The extracellular matrix of bone consists primarily of collagen, providing soft framework and flexibility, and hydroxyapatite, a mineral that lends hardness to bones. These two components allow bones to be both strong and flexible.

The extracellular matrix of bone primarily consists of collagen, a protein that provides a soft framework, and hydroxyapatite, a hard mineral made of calcium phosphate. Together, these two components allow the bones to be strong, yet flexible enough to withstand physical stress. While collagen provides tensile strength and flexibility, hydroxyapatite gives bone its hardness and compressive strength. This combination of ingredients in the extracellular matrix enables bones to fulfill their many functions including support, movement, and protection of various body organs.

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The extracellular matrix of bone consists of organic material made of collagen and elastic fibers and inorganic material primarily composed of calcium salts, forming hydroxyapatite. These components together ensure that bones are strong, hard, but not brittle.

The extracellular matrix of bone is a mixture of organic and inorganic material. The organic material primarily includes collagen and elastic fibers, which give bone its strength and flexibility. The inorganic material primarily includes mineral salts, specifically hydroxyapatite formed from calcium salts, and contributes to the bone's hardness and strength. Essential cells of the bone, such as osteocytes, are embedded within this matrix, contributing to the unique properties of the bone tissue.

Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. The extracellular matrix's balance of these components allows bones to be durable while also having some degree of flexibility.

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Answer:

because caffeine and stress can cause tremors

c

The metaphyses of a 40-year-old's long bones have appositional growth.

The broad segments of long bones and the areas of the bone where growth takes place are referred to as metaphyses (plural: metaphysis). The metaphysis portion next to the growth plate experiences growth (physis).

Between the diaphysis and epiphysis is the metaphysis. The metaphysis is more vulnerable to osteomyelitis and hematogenous spread of infection in children because of its relatively rich blood supply and increased vascular stasis.

Between the epiphysis and the diaphysis, a long bone's neck is known as the metaphysis.  It houses the growth plate, the portion of the bone that develops during childhood. As it expands, the growth plate ossifies close to the diaphysis and the epiphyses.

Therefore, The metaphyses of a 40-year-old's long bones have appositional growth.

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Final answer:

The metaphyses of a 40-year-old's long bones have an epiphyseal line, indicating that the growth plates have closed and the bones can no longer grow in length.

Explanation:

The metaphyses of a 40-year-old's long bones have undergone a process known as epiphyseal plate closure. By the age of 40, the regions of cartilage typically found in the metaphyses during childhood and adolescence, which are responsible for the longitudinal growth of the bones, have been replaced by osseous tissue. This replacement transforms the epiphyseal plate, also referred to as the growth plate, into an epiphyseal line. Therefore, in a 40-year-old individual, the long bones no longer can grow in length, as the cartilage cells have ceased dividing and have been completely substituted with bone, resulting in the fusion of the epiphysis and diaphysis.

Answer:

loss of movement of the left leg

Explanation:

The main function of the brain motor cortex is the regulation of body movements. This area of brain controls the voluntary movements of the body.

Right half of the body controls the left side of body and left half of the body controls the right side o body. Any lesion in right motor cortex may cause the loss of movement of left leg.

Thus, the correct answer is option (A).

Answer:

"Question" states what she is asking, and "Hypothesis" states what she thinks the answer to that question is in 'if. then

... because" format.

Explanation:

In the scientific method, the question should tell what it is that you are trying to discover or accomplish in your experiment. On the other hand, the hypothesis is an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proved.

"Question states what she is asking, and "Hypothesis" states the result of her experiment. thus option A is correct.

What do you mean by hypothesis?

A hypothesis is a statement of fact, or a concept that is made for the sake of debate and then evaluated to see if it is correct.

A part from a basic background assessment, the hypothesis is formed using the scientific method before any relevant research is conducted. You pose a question, research previous research, and then formulate a hypothesis.

A hypothesis is usually a speculative assertion or proposal that is made only for the purpose of being tested.

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Answer: B. beta

Explanation:

Sickle cell anemia is a inherited disorder which occur due to mutation of gene responsible for synthesis of hemoglobin protein. Typically the gene which is responsible for synthesis of beta-globin protein which make the beta chains in the hemoglobin is affected by the mutation.  As a result of this the red blood cells acquire a shape of sickle rather than round. Pain, cold, stress, dehydration and illness are the symptoms associated with this disorder.

Answer:

Adrenergic/effector/sympathetic

Explanation:

The two main divisions of autonomic nervous system are sympathetic nervous system and para sympathetic nervous system. This nervous system controls the involuntary actions of the body.

Adrenergic receptors are included in the G protein coupled receptors. Alpha and beat receptors are adrenergic receptors. These receptors are present on the effector molecule. Alpha and beta receptors are important during fight and flight response and are included in the sympathetic nervous system.

Thus, the correct answer is option (e).

Answer:

A reflex arc with single synapse (integrating center) is a monosynaptic reflex arc.

Explanation:

A reflex arc consists of sensory neurons, motor neurons, integrating center, sensory receptors, and effectors.

A monosynaptic reflex arc is the one that consists of only a single synapse in the central nervous system. This means that the whole monosynaptic reflex arc has only one synapse between single sensory and motor neurons.

Answer:

A. scientists could measure the amount of bycatch

Explanation:

Answer: Scientists could measure the amount of by catch.

Explanation:

Overfishing is the process of fishing in which a considerable number of fish species are removed from the water body at a rate that the population of such species cannot be replenished for a long period of time. This results in the decline in the population of the fish species, or extinction of the species. This can lead to the loss of biodiversity.

If the researchers wants to the impact of the overfishing they could measure the amount of by-catch. As the by-catch over the expected or standard limits can lead to the decrease in the fish population belonging to a particular species. This may lead to the extinction of many fish species.

Answer:

Cell membrane or plasma membrane is the semi-permeable outer layer surrounding the components of the cell.

It is important to the cell as it provides important properties to the cell as it separates the aqueous interior of the cell from the external environment, helps in cell–cell contact, in surface recognition, signaling and transport.

The plasma membrane is made up of different types of molecules like phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, carbohydrates providing flexibility to the layer so, the model of membrane is known as fluid mosaic model.

The primary constituent of membrane is a lipid molecule called Phospholipids which is made up of glycerol molecules attached to a phosphate group and forms a hydrophilic head while long fatty acyl chains attached to the head froms hydrophobic tails.

It is the fatty acid chains which provide hydrophobic nature to the cell membrane. These layers are arranged in the form of bilayer with head towards outside while tails inside.

Along with phospholipid membrane posses peripheral and integral proteins which helps in transport of the molecules across membrane.

Answer:

Flexion.

Explanation:

Flexion is the movement of bones that occur at sagittal plane. Flexion refers the bending or movement of a limb or join. Flexion allows the movement of hinge joint.

Flexion movement decreases the angle between the two bones. The knee flexion decreases the angle between the femur and tibia. The movement of elbow decreases the angle between the humerus and ulna.

Flexion is the movement that decreases the angle between articulating bones, bringing them closer together, like when you bend your arm at the elbow or knees.

Flexion is the movement that decreases the angle between articulating bones, bringing them closer together, like when you bend your arm at the elbow or knees.

The movement that decreases the angle between articulating bones is called flexion. This is a common movement in many joints, such as the elbow or knee.

During flexion, the angle between the bones decreases, bringing them closer together. For example, bending your arm at the elbow when lifting something or bending your knees to squat are both examples of flexion.

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during dehydration the concentration of urine is increased and the volume of it is decreased. Because kidneys want to retain and reabsorb as much water as possible back into the blood.

Excessive water intake causes less concentrated urine with increased volume. The kidneys don’t reabsorb that much water because there is enough of it in the plasma.

Answer:

The answer is B. Rectus abdominis

Hope this helps!

Answer:

the answer is b!

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer will be options neck and back.

Explanation:

The trapezius muscle is a broad and flat muscle which is named for its "trapezoid" shape. This triangular muscle is one of the widest back muscles beneath the skin which work to stabilize the scapula, turn and tilt the head and neck and twist the arms.

This muscle covers the upper back of the shoulders and neck extending from the occipital bone (base of the skull) to middle of the back which is divided into three parts:

1. Upper part: at the back of the neck.

2. Middle part:  in the shoulders and upper back.

3. Lower part:  in the middle of the back.

Thus, the neck and back are the correct options.

The trapezius muscle, located mainly in the back and neck regions, plays a crucial role in moving the head, shoulders, and vertebral column. It is part of the posterior thorax and works alongside other muscles in the neck and back area.

The trapezius muscle is located in the area of the back and neck. This large, complex muscle plays a pivotal role in moving the head, shoulders, and vertebral column. It works in conjunction with other muscles of the neck and back, such as the splenius capitis, the splenius cervicis, and the erector spinae muscle group.

The trapezius muscle extends down the back of the neck and upper spine, stretching across to the shoulder blades, making it part of the posterior thorax, rather than being positioned in the abdomen, head, or strictly the neck or thorax.

Its primary functions include stabilizing and moving the vertebral column and contributing to various movements involving the shoulder blades and arms. So, essentially, the trapezius muscle has a considerable role in postural and active movement tasks.

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Answer: a. epicondyles

Explanation:

Distally the humerus bone is flattened. It exhibit a prominent bony projection on the medial side it is called as the medial epicondyle of the bone. The lateral epicondyle is present on the lateral side of the distal part of the humerus bone.  

The grasping and powerful muscles of the forearm are attached with the medial epicondyle. It is typically robust and larger as compared to the lateral epicondyle. The lateral epicondyle is attached with the weaker muscles attached posteriorly.

The adult human vertebral column contains five lumbar vertebrae, which are designated as L1-L5 and located in the lower back region.

The human vertebral column includes a series of bones known as vertebrae, which are categorized into different regions. Among these regions, the lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back. According to the provided information, the vertebral column consists of seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), twelve thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12), and five lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5). The lumbar vertebrae are especially crucial as they endure the stress of lifting and carrying and provide flexibility and movement to the torso.

The sacrum is formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae, while the coccyx or tailbone originates from the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae. Overall, the adult vertebral column typically consists of 24 individual vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx, with the lumbar section exclusively containing five lumbar vertebrae.

Answer:

b. They are produced by memory B cells

Explanation:

The rapid cell division in activated B cells is followed by the differentiation of daughter cells into the plasma cells. The plasma cells are the precursor for antibodies and memory B cells. The antibodies kill the antigens while memory B cells are long-lived cells.  

Hence, antibodies are not produced by memory B cells but by plasma cells.

Unipolar Neuron:

The cell body has a single process extending from it, which later branches into two.

Bipolar Neuron:

The cell body has two processes: one axon and one dendrite.

Multipolar Neuron:

The cell body has multiple processes, typically one axon and multiple dendrites.

The classification of neurons as unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar is determined by the number and arrangement of processes extending from the cell body. In a unipolar neuron, there is a single process that emerges from the cell body and later splits into two branches, while a bipolar neuron possesses two processes – one axon and one dendrite – extending from opposite ends of the cell body. On the other hand, multipolar neurons feature multiple processes, usually one axon and several dendrites, emerging from the cell body.

The structural diversity among these neuron types reflects their specialized functions in transmitting and processing information within the nervous system. Unipolar neurons are often involved in sensory functions, bipolar neurons are commonly found in sensory organs like the retina, and multipolar neurons play a key role in motor functions and interneuronal communication within the central nervous system.

Answer:

BMR ( Basal metabolic rate)

BMR may be defined as the energy required for the proper functioning of body at rest. This is the amount of energy required from the basal metabolism of the body. BMR is always less than TDEE. BMR of the body remains same in case of weight gain or weight loss.

TDEE ( Total daily energy expenditure)

TDEE may be defined as the daily energy expenditure of the body. The amount of energy requires from the physical activity and basal metabolism of the body. TDEE is always higher than the BMR. TDEE of the body may be affected by the weight gain or weight loss.

BMR represents the energy expended for essential bodily functions at rest, making up about 70% of daily energy use. TDEE, however, includes energy usage for all activities, not just at rest, and therefore is normally higher than BMR.

The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) are two different aspects of metabolism.

The BMR refers to the amount of energy expended by a human at rest in a neutrally temperate environment, largely to maintain the basic functions of the body's organs, accounting for about 70 percent of all daily energy expenditure. As we age, or lose muscle mass, the BMR generally decreases.

On the other hand, the TDEE represents the total amount of energy expended in one day, combining the energy utilized for basic bodily functions (resting metabolic rate, close to BMR), the energy consumed during physical activities, and the energy required for body thermoregulation. Therefore, TDEE would be higher than BMR in active people with more lean body mass.

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Answer:

Sponges

Explanation:

A.p.e.x

The first organisms that developed on Earth were most likely simple, single-celled microorganisms. These early life forms emerged around 3.5 to 4 billion years ago during the Precambrian era.

They were likely prokaryotic organisms, lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. These early life forms were adapted to the harsh conditions of the ancient Earth, where there was no oxygen-rich atmosphere and the environment was dominated by volcanic activity.

Over time, through natural processes of evolution and natural selection, more complex and diverse life forms evolved. The first eukaryotic cells, which have a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, appeared around 1.6 billion years ago. Multicellular organisms, such as simple algae and protozoans, emerged around 1 billion years ago.

The process of evolution has led to the development of a wide variety of organisms, culminating in the diverse array of life forms that exist on Earth today.

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