The speed of a chemical reaction

a. is constant no matter what the temperature is.

b. is independent of the amount of contact surface of a solid involved.

c. between gases should in all cases be extremely rapid because the average kinetic energy of the

molecules is great.

d. between ions in aqueous solution is extremely rapid because there are no bonds that need to be

broken.

1​

A clear prediction of the anticipated results in an experimental design is known as "Hypothesis".

Explanation:

A theory or hypothesis are often used clearly as a suggested event descriptive one. The scientific methods need that one can be able to examine for a hypothesis termed as scientific hypothesis.

A working in hypothesis is a proposed provisionally accepted hypothesis for on-going research that starts with an appropriate amount of conclusion and thoughts, also known as "Educated Guess".

According to researchers like Schick and Vaughn the weighing up an alternative hypotheses might be taken into understanding like Parsimony, testability, Fruitfulness, Scope and Conservatism.

The tail of a comet is on the opposite side of the comet from the sun, due to the influence of the sun's radiation pressure and solar wind.

The tail of the comet is on the opposite side of the comet from the sun. This happens because the sun's radiation pressure and solar wind push material away from the comet's nucleus, forming a tail that points away from the sun, regardless of the direction the comet is moving. Therefore, the tail of the comet always lies opposite to the direction of the sun.

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Answer:

Homogeneous mixture

Solution

Liquid-gas

Hope this helps, hope its not late.

Answer:

Homogeneous mixture

Solution

Liquid-gas

Explanation:

Answer:

Both are endothermic reactions.

Explanation:

Chemical equation:

1/2H₂(g) + 1/2I₂(g)  →  HI(g)  + 6.2 kcal/mol

Chemical equation:

21.0 kcal/mol + C(s) + 2S(s)  → CS₂

Both reaction are endothermic because heat is added in both of reactions.

Endothermic reactions:

The type of reactions in which energy is absorbed are called endothermic reactions.

In this type of reaction energy needed to break the bond are higher than the energy released during bond formation.

For example:

C + H₂O   →  CO  + H₂

ΔH = +131 kj/mol

it can be written as,

C +  H₂O  + 131 kj/mol  →  CO  + H₂

Exothermic reaction:

The type of reactions in which energy is released are called exothermic reactions.

In this type of reaction energy needed to break the bonds are less than the energy released during the bond formation.

For example:

Chemical equation:

C + O₂   →  CO₂

ΔH = -393 Kj/mol

it can be written as,

C + O₂   →  CO₂ + 393 Kj/mol

Answer:

the answer is A

Explanation:

The chemical formula is C₂H₅OH and the correct answer is C

A Chemical Formula is used to identify the constituent atoms / elements present in the sample and also the proportion in which the elements are mixed.

In the above figure given it can be seen that the colour of the molecules are being used to determine the Type of molecule

It can be easily observed that in the unknown molecule the carbon atom is connected to another carbon atom

The first Carbon atom is connected to 3 Hydrogen atom

and the second Carbon atom is connected to 2 Hydrogen and one Oxygen atom , The oxygen atom is connected to one Hydrogen atom.

So the chemical formula is C₂H₅OH and the correct answer is C

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Answer:

B. To ask and answer scientific questions

To ask and answer scientific questions is the job of a scientist. Therefore, the correct option is option B.

The systematic examination of natural events through theoretical analysis and experimental is referred to as scientific research. Its main goal is to increase our knowledge of and comprehension of numerous scientific disciplines as well as our understanding of the world around us. A hypothesis is a put forth explanation for a phenomenon based on prior information or observation that serves as the starting point for scientific inquiry. Then, using a series of carefully planned tests or observations, this hypothesis is verified.

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Answer:

Sodium hydroxide has the formula NaOH and it contains three atoms, one each of Sodium, Hydrogen and Oxygen.

Explanation:

Answer: 1.806 x 10^24 atoms

Explanation:Please see attachment for explanation

Answer:

If a gas has experienced a small increase in volume but has maintained the same pressure and number of moles, the temperature of the gas will DROP.

Explanation:

According to Boyle’s law of ideal gases, volume and temperature of a gas is inversely related, as long as the pressure is kept constant;

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

Therefore, if the volume of the gas increases, the temperature will definitely decrease due to the inverse relationship. The gas will get cooler.  

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Answer:

Choices:

A. It has increased two times.

B. It has increased slightly.

C. It has decreased slightly.

D. It has stayed the same.

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. Edge2021

Explanation:

Element 2 is more reactive than element 1 because element 2 does not have a fully filled valence shell, so it will attract electrons to complete it. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Valence electrons are those electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom while the electrons occupied the inner shell are known as core electrons. Lewis structures can be useful to evaluate number of valence electrons and predict the nature of bonds.

Valence electrons are arranged in different types of shells and these electrons will decide the interaction between atoms and the formation of chemical bonds.

Only valence electrons present in the outermost shell can take part in the formation of a chemical bond or a molecule and are reason of the reactivity of the element such kind of electrons is called valence electrons.

Given, element 1 have electronic configuration of 2,8 while the electronic configuration of element 2 is given 2, 8, 18, 18, 6. Element 1 contains fully filled valence shell while element 2 has an incomplete valence shell of electrons. Therefore, element 2 will be more reactive to get nearednoblegas configuration.

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Answer:

It increased the avaiability of food for humans

Explanation:

Answer:

The electron dot structure of [tex]Cl_2[/tex]

Explanation:

Step 1: First we have to know the number of valence electrons present in a molecule.

Chlorine is an element from group 17 with 7 nos. of valence electrons.

So, the given [tex]Cl_2[/tex] will have 7+7 = 14

Step 2: We, will begin by drawing the skeleton of the molecule.

Step 3: Then, we have to place the bonding pairs of the electrons in the middle atoms so that chemical bonds can be formed.

Step 4: The electrons left will be used as lone pairs for central and terminal atoms in order to achieve an octet and to finish the electron dot structure. The structural formula and electron dot structure has been attached below.

Answer:  

I had to do some research, because I not familiar with Hess's Law.

Hope this helps :)

Stating Hess's Law

Hess's Law is the most important law in this part of chemistry. Most calculations follow from it. It says "The enthalpy change accompanying a chemical change is independent of the route by which the chemical change occurs."

Explaining Hess's Law

Hess's Law is saying that if you convert reactants A into products B, the overall enthalpy change will be exactly the same whether you do it in one step or two steps or however many steps.

Answer:

Hess's Law of Constant Heat Summation (Hess's Law) states that regardless of the multiple stages or steps of a reaction, the total enthalpy change for the reaction is the sum of all changes

Explanation:This law is a manifestation that enthalpy is a state function.

Standard Molar Volume is the volume occupied by one mole of any gas at STP. Remember that "STP" is Standard Temperature and Pressure. Standard temperature is 0 &176:C or 273 K. Standard pressure is 1 atmosphere or 760 mm Hg (also called "torr"). 1 mole of any gas at STP occupies 22.4 liters of volume.

Answer: 4.5 L

Explanation: Ideal gas at STP standard temperature and pressure: at STP

P = 1 atm

T = 1 °C convert to K (273 K)

Solution:

PV= nRT

Derive the equation to find V

V= nRT / P

Substitute the values

V= 0.2 moles x 0.082 L.atm/ mol. K x 273 K / 1 atm

Cancel out the units of moles, atm and K so the remaining uni is in L.

Answer:

2.26 g

Explanation:

Data given:

mass of Sulfuric acid = 3.24 g

mass of Aluminum hydroxide = 0.945 g

Theoretical  yield of Aluminum sulfate = ?

Solution:

First we look for the balance reaction

Reaction

     3H₂SO₄ +  2Al(OH)₃ ----------> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 6H₂O

Now we look for the limiting reactant on which the amount of aluminum sulfate depends

So,

       3H₂SO₄ +  2Al(OH)₃ ----------> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 6H₂O

       3 mol          2 mol

from above reaction it is clear that 3 mole of H₂SO₄ combine with 2 mole of Al(OH)₃

Convert moles to mass

molar mass of Al(OH)₃  =  27 + 3(16 + 1)

molar mass of Al(OH)₃  = 27 + 45

molar mass of Al(OH)₃  =72 g/mol

molar mass of H₂SO₄ = 2(1) + 32 + 4(16)

molar mass of H₂SO₄ = 2 + 32 + 64

molar mass of H₂SO₄ = 98 g/mol

So,

      3H₂SO₄         +      2Al(OH)₃     ---------->   Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 6H₂O

   3 mol (98 g/mol)    2 mol (72 g/mol)

        294 g                      144 g

So its clear from the reaction that  294 g of H₂SO₄ react with 144 g of Al(OH)₃

now if we look at the given amounts the amount Al(OH)₃ is less then the amount of H₂SO₄

So, for Al(OH)₃ if we calculate the needed amount of H₂SO₄

So apply unity formula

            294 g H₂SO₄ ≅ 144 g of Al(OH)₃

             X g H₂SO₄ ≅ 0.945 of Al(OH)₃

Do cross multiplication

            X g H₂SO₄ = 294 g x 0.945 g / 144 g

            X g of H₂SO₄ ≅ 1.93 g

So, 1.93 g of H₂SO₄ will react out of 3.24 grams, the remaining amount of it will be in excess.

So,

Al(OH)₃ will be consumed completely an it will be limiting reactant.

-----------

Now to Calculate for the theoretical yield

First we look for the balance reaction

Reaction

     3H₂SO₄ +  2Al(OH)₃ ----------> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 6H₂O

Now we look for the mole mole ration of Al(OH)₃ to the amount of aluminum sulfate produced

So,

       3H₂SO₄ +  2Al(OH)₃ ----------> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 6H₂O

                          2 mol                       1 mole

from above reaction it is clear that 1 mole of Al₂(SO₄)₃ produce by 2 mole of Al(OH)₃

As we know that

2 mole of Al(OH)₃ = 144 g

So,

if 144 g of Al(OH)₃ gives 1 mole Al₂(SO₄)₃  then how many moles of Al₂(SO₄)₃  will be produces by 0.945 g Al(OH)₃

So apply unity formula

            144 g of Al(OH)₃ ≅ 1 mole of Al₂(SO₄)₃

            0.945 g of Al(OH)₃ ≅ X mole of Al₂(SO₄)₃

Do cross multiplication

           X mole of Al₂(SO₄)₃ = 0.945 g  x 1 mole / 144 g

            X mole of Al₂(SO₄)₃ = 0.0066 moles

So,

0.945 g of  Al(OH)₃ produce 0.0066 mole of Al₂(SO₄)₃

Now conver moles of Al₂(SO₄)₃ to mass

Formula used:

       mass in grams = no. of moles x molar mass . . . . . . (1)

molar mass of Al₂(SO₄)₃ =  2(27) + 3(32 +4(16))

molar mass of Al₂(SO₄)₃ = 54 + 3 (32 +64)

molar mass of Al₂(SO₄)₃ = 54 + 3 (96)

molar mass of Al₂(SO₄)₃ = 54 + 288

molar mass of Al₂(SO₄)₃  =342 g/mol

Put values in equation 1

        mass in grams = 0.0066 g x 342 g/mol

        mass in grams = 2.26 g

So the theoretical yield of Aluminum sulfate (Al₂(SO₄)₃ ) is 2.26 g

Answer:

Mass of CO₂ = 135.96 g

Mass of  TiCl₄ = 586.11 g

Mass of chlorine = 438.78 g

Explanation:

Given data:

Moles of TiO₂ = 3.09 mol

Mass of Chlorine = ?

Mass of all product from 3.09 mol of TiO₂ = ?

Solution:

Chemical equation:

TiO₂ +C + 2Cl₂  →  TiCl₄ + CO₂

Now we will compare the moles of chlorine with TiO₂.

                                TiO₂        :       Cl₂

                                   1            ;        2

                                   3.09     :        2×3.09 = 6.18 mol

Mass of chlorine:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 6.18 mol × 71 g/mol

Mass = 438.78 g

Now we will compare the moles of   TiCl₄ and CO₂ with TiO₂

                                  TiO₂           :          CO₂

                                      1              :            1

                                     3.09         :         3.09

                                     TiO₂         :          TiCl₄

                                         1            :              1

                                      3.09        :            3.09

Mass of CO₂:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 3.09 mol× 44 g/mol

Mass = 135.96 g

Mass of  TiCl₄:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 3.09 mol× 189.68 g/mol

Mass = 586.11 g

i. Mercury

ii. copper

iii. Mercury

iv.Nitrogen becomes a liquid at -200°C. Liquid nitrogen looks like water

Mercury is a liquid at 0°C, Copper is solid at 1000°C, Nitrogen is a gas at 500°C, and Nitrogen is a gas at -200°C.

(i) The element that is a liquid at 0°C is Mercury. It has a melting point of -39°C and a boiling point of 357°C, so it is in liquid state at 0°C.

(ii) The element that is a solid at 1000°C is Copper. It has a melting point of 1085°C, which means it remains in solid state at 1000°C.

(iii) The element that is a gas at 500°C is Nitrogen. It has a boiling point of -196°C, so it has already changed into a gas at 500°C.

(iv) Nitrogen at -200°C is in the gas state. Its boiling point is -196°C, which means it has already changed into a gas at -200°C.

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Full gas bottles, when involved in a fire, can experience a dangerous rise in internal pressure leading to potential explosions. Bottled gas is heavier than air and collects on the floor, creating significant fire hazards if it leaks. Proper storage and safety measures including seismic shut-off valves can help mitigate these risks.

Gas bottles, such as those containing propane or butane, are stored at high pressure typically around 200 atmospheres. These bottles have a safety factor where they are designed not to fail until reaching pressures around 400 atmospheres. However, if a fire exposes the gas bottle to high temperatures, the pressure inside the bottle will increase significantly. If the heat from the fire causes the internal pressure to exceed the safety limit of the bottle, it might no longer be able to contain the gas leading to a potential explosion or rupture.

Furthermore, gas bottles such as those containing propane or butane are denser than air. In the event of a leak, the gas would collect near the ground creating a severe fire hazard as it might be ignited by any nearby source of flame or heat. This is why warnings such as those on hairspray cans caution against exposure to heat or open flames, to prevent the dangerous increase in pressure and the risk of explosion or fire.

Additionally, during natural disasters like earthquakes, improperly secured gas tanks might be disturbed, causing leaks that can lead to fires. Installing seismic shut-off valves and flexible connections can mitigate this risk significantly.

Answer:

Option C

Explanation:

The answer to this question will be the third option "It is bendable." Malleable means to be able to change the shape of a object without damaging or breaking it. In this case a malleable solid would be for example drainage pipes. These pipes have curves and different shapes but still remain its product of a metal.

Hope this helps!

Final answer:

A malleable solid can be shaped under compression into thin sheets without breaking, a property typically found in metals, which also possess ductility, the ability to be drawn into wires.

Explanation:

If a solid is malleable, it means that it can be pounded into thin sheets or bent into shape without breaking. This property is commonly associated with metals, which are elements known for their ability to conduct electricity and heat, their shiny appearance, and their variable hardness and melting temperatures. At room temperature, metals are typically solid, with the well-known exception of mercury.

The ductility of a metal refers to its ability to be drawn into thin wires, and malleability refers to being shaped under compression, such as hammering or rolling into sheets. For instance, metals like copper are used in electrical wiring because they are both malleable and ductile; they don't break when being bent into the needed shapes and can be stretched into thin wires that conduct electricity efficiently.

Answer:

A proton has positive charge of 1, that is, equal but opposite to the charge of an electron. A neutron, like the name implies, is neutral with no net charge. The charge is believed to be from the charge of the quarks that make up the nucleons (protons and neutrons). need a pictur of the question

Explanation:

Answer:

Two physical systems are in thermal equilibrium if there is no net flow of heat between them.

Explanation:

Two Physical systems are said to be in thermal equilibrium if there is no net flow of heat energy between them when they are connected and both of the system is at the same temperature.

Thermal equilibrium is of two varieties i.e Two thermally connected bodies and Internal thermal equilibrium.

If two bodies are thermally connected to each other then there will only transfer of the heat to maintain equilibrium but no transfer of the matter and mass.

Also, a internal thermal equilibrium is maintained in a isolated body where there is no transfer of the heat from the body outside or inside of it.

Thermal equilibrium follows zeroth law of thermodynamics which says that Two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with each other if they individually are in thermal equilibrium with a third body.

Answer:

:Grassland

Explanation:

Explanation: Grasslands have too little water to support trees as it does not rain very often in more temperate Grasslands

Grasslands are the biome that receives insufficient water for tree growth, making them dominated by grasses instead of trees. Boreal forests, or taigas, are inaccurately described by the statement claiming they are dominated by deciduous trees, as they are in fact dominated by coniferous trees.

The grassland biome is characterized by receiving too little water to support the growth of large trees. In a grassland, the dominant vegetation consists of grasses which are adapted to environments with less precipitation. Unlike deciduous forests, which have moderate rainfall and temperatures to support tree growth, and taigas (boreal forests) and rainforests, which have significant precipitation that fosters dense tree growth, grasslands are more suited for grasses and herbaceous plants.

It's noteworthy that one of the statements about biomes might be false. Specifically, statement c. Boreal forests are dominated by deciduous trees is incorrect because boreal forests, also known as taiga, are actually dominated by coniferous trees, not deciduous trees.

Answer:

Net ionic equation:

Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)  →   BaSO₄(s)

Explanation:

Chemical equation:

BaCl₂ +  Na₂SO₄   →   BaSO₄ + NaCl

Balanced Chemical equation:

BaCl₂(aq) +  Na₂SO₄(aq)   →   BaSO₄(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

Ionic equation:

Ba²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + 2Na⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)  →  BaSO₄(s)+ 2Na⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq)

Net ionic equation:

Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)  →   BaSO₄(s)

The Cl⁻(aq) and Na⁺ (aq) are spectator ions that's why these are not written in net ionic equation. The BaSO₄ can not be splitted into ions because it is present in solid form.

Spectator ions:

These ions are same in both side of chemical reaction. These ions are cancel out. Their presence can not effect the equilibrium of reaction that's why these ions are omitted in net ionic equation.  

Explanation:

mass of an object affect the density and object if the the volume is keep constant.

here we can explain by using the example.

if the mass of an object is 30kg. and volume is 2m3

then density pf given substance is become 15kg/m3

again,

if the mass of the is 40kg/m3 and volume is same

then density is become 20kg/m3 (formula=kg/m3)

here above density and below density is becime different by changing the mass of an object and affect the density and objecy although volume is kept constant or same

Answer: An increase in mass will increase the density

A decrease in mass will decrease the density

Explanation: So any changes in the mass of the object will affect its density even with constant volume. Mass is directly proportional to density. So when mass is increased density will increase as well and vice versa.

Answer: 4.32g

Explanation:

MM of H2 = 1 x 2 = 2g/mol

2g of H2 contains 6.02x10^23 atoms.

Therefore Xg of H2 will contain 1.3 x 1024 atoms i.e

Xg of H2 = (2 x 1.3 x 1024) / 6.02x10^23 = 4.32g

Answer:

10 electrons

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is: 10 electrons

Explanation:

Answer:

2.95 [tex]\times 10^{-9}[/tex] is the fraction of the nucleus is present in atom.

Explanation:

Given:

The diameter of the nucleus - 10A

The diameter of atom - 1.5 A

From this, we can find the radius of nucleus and atom i.e.

For nucleus [tex]=\frac{10}{2}[/tex]

For atom [tex]= \frac{1.5}{2}[/tex]

Now, the fraction of nucleus [tex]= \frac{volume of nucleus}{volume of atom}[/tex]

                                               = [tex]\frac{4}{3}\pi (\frac{10}{2})\frac{3.14}{2}\pi (\frac{10}{2})^3[/tex]

  or,                                         = [tex](\frac{10}{1.5})^3[/tex]

                                               = 2.95 [tex]\times 10^{-9}[/tex]

Therefore, 2.95 [tex]\times 10^{-9}[/tex] is the fraction of nucleus in the atom.

The volume of a nucleus is found by the formula for the volume of a sphere. Given the diameters specified, the nucleus occupies a very small fraction, specifically one trillionth, of the total atomic volume. Hence, atoms are mostly comprised of empty space.

Both an atom and its nucleus are approximately spherical in shape. To calculate the volume of each, we can use the formula for the volume of a sphere, which is 4/3π*r3.

Hence, the volume fraction of the atom taken up by the nucleus would be the ratio of the volume of the nucleus to the volume of the atom.

The volume of the nucleus (Vn) is 4/3π*(101 A)3 = 4,188.79 cubic A.

The volume of the atom (Va) is 4/3π*(105 A)3 = 4.18*1015 cubic A.

Finally, the volume fraction of the atom taken up by the nucleus is

Vn/ Va = 4,188.79 / 4.18*1015 = 1*10-12 or one trillionth.

So, the nucleus occupies a very small proportion of the total atomic volume. This explains why atoms are mostly empty space.

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Answer:

ivy growing around the pole of a fence

Explanation:

Answer:

the answer is, colliding hydrogen atoms to produce heavier helium atoms.