The purpose of informed consent in medical research is to provide potential subjects with the necessary information so they can make an informed decision about participation. It is not about protecting the investigator or institution, but rather respecting the autonomy and rights of the subject.
Explanation:The purpose of informed consent in medical research is to provide potential subjects with appropriate information in an appropriate manner, enabling them to make an informed decision about participating in research. It involves ensuring that the subject understands the nature of the study, risks and benefits, procedures involved, and any alternatives. Informed consent is not about obtaining a signature to protect the investigator or institution but rather about respecting the autonomy and rights of the subject.
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Informed consent in research primarily aims to provide potential participants with appropriate and complete information about the study, enabling them to make an informed decision about their participation. Signatures are used for documentation, but the key purpose is ensuring the participant's understanding and choice.
Explanation:The purpose of informed consent in research is mainly to provide a potential participant with all the necessary information about the study, and allow that person to make an informed decision about their participation. That's why option 'a' is the correct one. While obtaining a signature does indeed document an individual's agreement to participate, the core of informed consent is rooted in the ethics of research and stresses the importance of clarity, understanding, and freedom of choice for the participant. The options 'b', 'c', and 'd' are parts of the consent process, but none of them fully capture the primary purpose of informed consent.
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One study of subliminal perception presented statements from one of five categories on an auditory tape that was played backwards. Listeners tried to identify which of the five categories applied to each statement. Results showed they were correct approximately ___ percent of the time.
Answer: Results showed they were correct approximately 20 percent of the time.
You see a newspaper headline that claims that eating pizza is deadly. However, when you read the original scientific article cited in the news, you notice that investigators found a correlation between pizza consumption and death only over a 10-year period. Given what you know about correlation, how would you explain this relationship? a. It is more likely that being closer to death causes pizza consumption, because older people have eaten much more pizza over the course of their lifetime. b. Pizza consumption and death are related somehow, but a correlational study is not able to reveal any kind of causal relationship. c. Pizza consumption causes death, but the mechanisms for this cannot be understood from a correlational study. d. Pizza consumption causes death, but since the period of study is 10 years long, the correlation is very weak at best.
Answer:
Option B, Pizza consumption and death are related somehow, but a correlational study is not able to reveal any kind of causal relationship.Explanation:
A causal relation between two events exists if the occurrence of the first causes an effect to the other. Here, the notion of cause and effect is the primary base to find a relation between events.
The statement that consumption of pizza leads to death is not a direct study which was found after studying the measure or degree of relationship between pizza and death. The investigators in this study found a correlation between pizza consumption and death only over a 10-year period. There may be circumstances like age, health, etc. which might have secured a relation between the two when studied for a long period of time. But that does not mean there is a causal relationship between the two.
A correlation between two events does not necessarily imply causation. It can mean a prediction without a real causation. A causal relation should have an immediate cause and effect result between two events or variables to have a causal relationship.
The correlation between pizza consumption and death over a 10-year period does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship; it merely identifies there is a relationship. Many other factors could contribute to this correlation.
Explanation:Option b is the correct answer. In this case, the study found a correlation, not causation, between pizza consumption and death. A correlational study merely identifies whether there is a relationship between two variables, in this case, pizza consumption and death over a 10-year period. However, it does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship. It could be related to any number of confounding factors, for example, lifestyle habits associated with high pizza consumption like lack of exercise or unhealthy dietary habits in general. To attribute death directly to pizza consumption would be an oversimplification and misleading based on the data provided by a correlational study.
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Assume that the United States imposes an import quota on Columbian coffee. Relative to the equilibrium world price that would prevail in the absence of import quotas, it is likely that the equilibrium price of coffee in the United States will _____ and the equilibrium price of coffee in Columbia will _____.
Answer:
increase, decrease
Explanation:
Markets generate maximum surplus if all bidders and claimants located to the left of the intersection of supply and demand curves can meet and make transactions. These are the inframarginal bidders and plaintiffs. On the other hand, extramarginal bidders and claimants are located to the right of the market equilibrium on their respective curves. Extramarginal claimants have an availability to pay less than the equilibrium price, and extramarginal bidders have availability to trade at prices greater than those of that balance. The more the management of market mechanisms is diverted, the greater the risk of displacement of infra-marginals by extra-marginals and, with this, the greater the risk of not complying with the quota and skewing the distribution of trade.
The topic of food production and consumption can be viewed from a variety of sociological perspectives. One point of view focuses on large corporations that rely on cheap labor (often seasonal, migrant labor) to maximize their profits. This point of view is most aligned with which sociological theory?
Answer:
Social conflict theory
Explanation:
The social conflict theory paints the society as one that is divided into a system of groups that are not equal. This results in conflicts between the various groups.
Considering the case in the question, two groups can clearly be identified. these are:
1. The large corporations, ( representing the rich and wealthy in the society)
2. The poor immigrant laborers who are easily dispatch able
Itemizing these two groups clearly show the economic inequalities that exist between them. As a result of this large economic inequality, conflicts erupt between the two groups as the oppressed clamor for their economic rights, while the oppressors continue to abuse them to make more profits.
Hence the point of view in question is mostly aligned with the social conflict theory.
Executive orders refer to the rights of presidents and their advisers, recognized by the Supreme Court to maintain the confidentiality of their conversations and communications.
a) true
b) false
Answer:
a) true
Explanation:
Executive orders or executive privilege is the right given to the President of United States of America and also to the members of the Executive branch to keep the official communications and conversation confidential under certain circumstances in the public interest.
This executive privilege is recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States.
Hence the answer is (a). TRUE.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Which statement best compares the two jobs? Job A has a lower salary than job B, but the benefits make job A a more attractive pay package. Job B has a lower salary than job A, but the benefits make job B a more attractive pay package. Job A has a higher salary than job B plus benefits that make job A a more attractive pay package. Job B has a higher salary than job A plus benefits that make job B a more attractive pay package.
The correct answer is Job B has a lower salary than job A, but the benefits make job B a more attractive pay package
The comparison is similar to the metaphor used to demonstrate qualities or actions of elements.
Answer:
B on edge
Explanation:
Job B has a lower salary than job A, but the benefits make job B a more attractive pay package
Which of the following statements is false? a. The text contained in an identifying label should be left-aligned within the label. b. An identifying label should be positioned either above or to the right of the control it identifies. c. Identifying labels should use sentence capitalization. d. Identifying labels should end with a colon (:).
Answer:
The correct option is B: An identifying label should be positioned either above or to the right of the control it identifies.
Explanation:
The reason why option B is the false statement from the group of answers is that an identifying label is always positioned either above the control that it identifies or to the left of the control it identifies. It is never positioned to the right of the control and hence, this statement is false. More so, all other options mentioned are actually properties of identifying labels.
Sometimes, a state will react differently to a buildup of another state's military capabilities depending upon whether they identify that other state as an enemy or a friend (e.g. the US might see a buildup of weapons in Canada as unproblematic, but be concerned about the same weapons-building process in North Korea). This is an example of an observation that is most consistent with which theoretical perspective?
Answer:constructivism
Explanation:What is constructivism? Constructivism is a theorical perpective that states that people construct their own knowledge and one's reality is determined by their experiences.
Constructivism believes that people construct their own knowledge and meaning and this meaning is always affected by their prior knowledge. Provided that the US has experienced violent encounter with the North Korea before is eventually going to affect the meaning they associate with build up of weapons in North Korea when compared to Canada which they have never had an violent encounter with before.
________ is the political principle that assigns different functions to different levels of government.
Answer: Federalism
Explanation:
The federalism is basically refers to the government system in which the power is basically divided between the national and the state levels. The federalism perform various types of functions in the form of written agreement that is specifically distributed in the process of law making.
The political system basically evolved the federalism philosophy and it also helps in improve the efficiency.
According to the given question, the federalism is basically refers to the political principle which basically assigning the various types different functions to the different government levels.
Therefore, Federalism is the correct answer.
Disparate treatment occurs when either different standards are used to judge individuals or the same standard is used but it is not related to the individuals' jobs. True False
The answer is True
Explanation: Employers are allowed to retaliate against individuals who file discrimination charges.
Dr. Grodner is conducting an experiment on age-related changes in memory. He is comparing how well retirees and high school students perform on a memory task. In order to conveniently schedule research participants, he has the older adults come to the lab during the day, since they are retired. The students come to the lab in the evening, after they are finished with school and other activities. What is the problematic confound in this study?
A. It is unfair to compare older adults to younger adults, because older adults sometimes experience memory problems.
B. Dr. Grodner has not operationally defined memory for the purposes of his study.
C. If memory turns out to be something that varies by time of day, it is problematic that the older adults all do the study in the morning and the younger adults do the study at night.
D. Older adults have a lot more memories than younger adults, which confound the study.
Answer: C. If memory turns out to be something that varies by time of day, it is problematic that the older adults all do the study in the morning and the younger adults do the study at night.
Explanation: Confounding variables are additional variables that are not considered in an experiment but however, have an effect on the results of the experiment. For example, if the time of the day affects the memory, this is a confounding variable and it may explain the differences between the memory of the retirees and the school students rather than their age.
Without considering this possibility, the result of Dr. Grodner's experiment will be useless and invalid.
The problematic confound in this study is the convenience of scheduling the older adults during the day and the younger adults in the evening, which introduces a potential time-of-day effect that could influence the results.
Explanation:The problematic confound in this study is option C, which states that if memory turns out to be something that varies by time of day, it is problematic that the older adults all do the study in the morning and the younger adults do the study at night.
The reason this is a confound is that by scheduling the older adults during the day and the younger adults in the evening, the study introduces a potential time-of-day effect that could influence the results. This means that any differences observed between the two groups may not be solely attributable to their age-related changes in memory. Instead, these differences could be due to the time of day when they were tested, making it difficult to determine the true effect of age on memory.
To eliminate this confound, Dr. Grodner should schedule both groups of participants at the same time of day or randomly assign them to different time slots to ensure that any observed differences are truly due to age-related changes in memory.
The Albertsons establish and enforce rules for their children to follow. They give reasons for the rules and invite their teenagers to join in the discussion when new rules are being made. Psychologists would characterize the Albertsons as ________ parents.
Answer:
Authoritative.
Explanation:
In authoritative parenting style, parents may have high expectations for their children but they also provide their children the resources and support to succeed in their life. Authoritative parents are responsive to the emotional needs of the child, while maintaining high standards. They set limits and they enforce borders very consistently.
God is infinite, God is all. The prince, as prince, is not regarded as a private person: he is a public personage, all the state is in him; the will of all the people is included in his. As all perfection and all strength are united in God, so all the power of individuals is united in the person of the prince. What grandeur that a single man should embody so much?
Answer:
This speech is from Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, an 18th-century French bishop. According to him, a Prince is ONLY a God's representant on Earth, and because of that, a single man with this power was a grandeur honor. Most important, however, is the political inclination of Bousset. When we look at this speech, we see an alignment with the Absolutism.
Explanation:
While babysitting Tim, who is three years old, Jenny shows him a blue car and asks him what it is. He says, "a police car." She then shows Tim a toy man in a blue uniform and asks what he is. Tim responds, "a policeman." The activation occurring in Tim's long-term memory conforms to the _____ model.
Answer:
Semantic network.
Explanation:
The activation occuring in Tim's long-term memory conforms to the semantic network model. This model represents every semantic relation (knowledge that binds and represent concepts) in the mind in a network. For example the blue car: in Tim's mind, that blue car represnets the police car. That way, the activation of his long-term memory finds, in the semantic network, the representation of that, which is the blue car.
When Socrates first asks what piety is, Euthyphro initially claims that it is... a. acting kindly and fairly. b. treating everyone equally. c. being very religious. d. prosecuting wrongdoers.
Euthyphro initially claims that it is d. prosecuting wrongdoers.
Explanation:
Socrates was a great Greek philosopher and famous for his Western ethical tradition of thought. Socrates is one among the founders of Western philosophy.
According to Euthyphro, holy is what is agreeable to the gods. But Socrates disagree with Euthyphro, he mentions that the point agreed by one individual may not be agreeable to all.
Euthyphro defines piety as which is loved by the gods. He also argues that god love things which are spiritual.
One of the great debates that has shaped the field of psychology is the question of whether people choose their behaviors or are obliged to act in certain ways by factors beyond their control. This is known as the __________ debate.
Answer:
Free Will - Determinism Debate
Explanation:
In the Free Will - Determinism Debate, two opposing views about human psychology clash.
Those who believe in free will think that humans have agency to act in the ways they want, and to freely decide what course of action to take according to external conditions. (even if they cannot fully control those external conditions).
Those who believe in determinism think that free will does not exist because external conditions, or conditions outside one's control, always determine (hence the term determinism) the course of action of life path that a person takes.
Erin is applying for a job at a major fast-food chain. What type of psychologist is most likely to have developed the employee selection procedures, training sessions, and performance appraisal system that she will be subjected to?
Answer: Industrial psychologist
Explanation:
Psychology has several branches of application, one of them is industrial psychology. Industrial psychology is one that is responsible for studying the processes of selection, training, and supervision of personnel in the industry. The person who is a graduate of the area of industrial psychology is known as an industrial psychologist.
Industrial psychology has been growing. More and more are the companies that need psychologists in their offices, but not only for the simple fact of carrying out a selection and recruitment process, but it is also important to take into account the mental health of the employees of a company.
When a person is going to be interviewed for a job, it is common to be interviewed by an industrial psychologist. The industrial psychologist will know not only the reasons why the person wants to enter the company or entity but also its skills and the possibility that this person can do a good job and contribute to the growth of the company. Then, that the person is admitted, it must go through an induction process, where everything relevant to the organization and its functions are taught.
In Erin's case, the industrial psychologist is responsible for carrying out the process of selection, training, and evaluation of their performance. The psychologist will see how Erin develops from the first day she joined the company and how her evolution takes place.
What is the cocktail party effect? Group of answer choices
The ability to pay attention to one message and ignore others, yet hear distinctive features of the unattended messages.
The inability to pay attention to one message in the presence of competing messages.
The diminished awareness of information in a crowd.
The equal division of attention between competing messages.
Answer:
The ability to pay attention to one message and ignore others, yet hear distinctive features of the unattended messages.
Explanation:
In psychology, the term cocktail party effect refers to the phenomenon by which the brain can focus its attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out the other stimuli that are not relevant to it. This phenomenon happens especially at places where there's a lot of noise where the listener is able to focus his/her attention in one particular stimulus. However, if there is a distinctive stimulus (like someone saying your name) you can hear this part of the message even if your attention is focused somewhere else.
Therefore, we can conclude that the cocktail party effect is the ability to pay attention to one message and ignore others, yet hear distinctive features of the unattended messages.
The cocktail party effect in psychology refers to the human ability to focus on one conversation or sound in a noisy environment, while still being subtly aware of other 'unattended messages'.
Explanation:The Cocktail Party Effect is a psychological phenomenon that pertains to attention. More specifically, it refers to the human ability to pay attention to a single conversation or auditory input in a noisy environment, such as a crowded room or a 'cocktail party', while tuning out other conversations or sounds. Although the person is focusing on one specific source of sound, they remain aware of their surroundings to the extent that they can shift their attention if their name or some other 'distinctive feature' is mentioned in the unattended messages.
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The term _____ refers to being cognizant of the internal aspects of one's nature, such as personality traits, beliefs, emotions, and perceptions, and appreciating how your patterns affect other people.
Answer: Self-awareness
Explanation: Self-awareness simply means familiarity or knowledge of one's ability, character or individuality. It refers to an indepth knowledge and understanding of one's personal attribute. It is an individual's conscious knowledge or thought of one's own personality traits, emotion, feelings and perception. It enables an individual to acknowledge differences in his behavioral patterns and that of others within the environment.
Which sociological perspective emphasizes the distribution of power and the allocation of resources?
Answer:
The correct answer to the following question will be the "Functionalist perspective".
Explanation:
The functionalist viewpoint views society as a complex process, the pieces of which operate together just to foster unity and harmony.This perspective looks at culture via a quantitative-level lens, which reflects generally on the societal structures that form an entirety society.Therefore, it's the right answer.
The ________ is a process that involves internalizing and acting from social perspectives that we learn in the process of communicating. a. Mind b. Particular other c. Prototype d. Self
Answer: Self
Explanation: The self is simply the schema that has every single detail about our self. It can be refered to as a dynamic responsive procedure that structures neural pathways over a significant amount of time, both past and present including; spiritual perspective, material and social perspective. It is categorized into the body and the superficial self of mind.
An 81-year-old resident of a long-term care facility has confided in the nurse that the client is profoundly fearful of death. Within Erikson's psychosocial theory, this statement may suggest a failure to resolve which developmental conflict?
Answer:
Ego integrity versus despair
Explanation:
Ego integrity versus despair: In psychology, the term has been introduced by a psychologist named Erik Erikson and is considered as the last or the eighth stage in his theory of psychosocial development. This stage starts in the late adulthood period of an individual's life i.e, around sixty-five years of age and lasts through or ends at the death of the person.
During this period or stage, an individual tends to contemplate his or her accomplishments and therefore develops a sense of ego integrity if he or she sees oneself as leading a very successful life and develops despair if he or she feels of not leading a successful life.
A service counter employs two servers. On average a server requires 8 minutes to process a customer and service times follow an exponential distribution. Customers arrive at the counter at the rate of 12 per hour according to a Poisson distribution. The average amount of time, in minutes, spent in the system (i.e., waiting and being served) is approximately:
Answer:
14.22 minutes
Explanation:
A service counter employs two servers. On average a server requires 8 minutes to process a customer and service times follow an exponential distribution. Customers arrive at the counter at the rate of 12 per hour according to a Poisson distribution. The average amount of time, in minutes, spent in the system (i.e., waiting and being served) is approximately: 14.22 minutes
Given a service rate of 15 customers per hour and an arrival rate of 12 customers per hour, the approximate average time a customer spends in the system, including both waiting and being served, is 20 minutes.
Explanation:The situation you described is a classic scenario in queuing theory, a mathematical approach to the study of waiting lines. Here, the service rate (µ) of servers is 1 / 8 customers per minute (since, on average, a server needs 8 minutes to process a customer) or 7.5 customers per hour, and there are two servers, so the total service rate is 2 * 7.5 = 15 customers per hour. The arrival rate (λ) of customers is 12 per hour.
For an M/M/2 queue (Markovian/Markovian/2 servers queue), where arrivals follow a Poisson distribution and service times follow an exponential distribution, the average time a customer spends in the system (waiting and being served) can be calculated by the formula:
R = 1 / (µ - λ).
Substituting the given λ and µ values into this formula gives an approximate average time spent in the system of:
R = 1 / (15 - 12) = 1 / 3 = 0.333 hours or 20 minutes.
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Which of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial crises revolves around the child’s learning to direct his or her own behavior?
Answer:
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
Explanation:
Erickson believed that human personality evolves through eight stages of psychological development, from infancy to adulthood and autonomy vs. shame and doubt was the second stage which started at the age of 18 months upto 2-3 years. At this level performance of the children will lead to the virtue of the will, they exert greater control over their lives. If children are encouraged in their increased independence at this point, they will become more confident and secure about their own ability to survive in the world.
Under a ______ system of government, sovereignty / powers are shared between the national government and the states.
Answer: Federal
Explanation:
The federal system is one of the government form of developing the various types of power system that is specifically divided between the national and the state government.
The federal system is basically refers to system of assigning or dividing the power to each constitutions and it is also known as the federalism.
According to the given question, the federal system is one of the government form that sharing the power between the different forms of government.
Therefore, Federal system is the correct answer.
The following attributes are commonly used to describe surveillance systems. Which of the attributes are critical for a surveillance system designed to detect and control infectious disease outbreaks and characterize populations at greatest risk for those diseases?
The following attributes are commonly used to describe surveillance systems. Which of the attributes are critical for a surveillance system designed to detect and control infectious disease outbreaks and characterize populations at greatest risk for those diseases?
A. Simplicity
B. Flexibility
C. Data quality
D. Acceptability
E. Sensitivity
F. Predictive value positive
G. Representativeness
H. Timeliness
I. Stability
Answer:
Sensitivity, Predictive value positive, representativeness and timeliness.
Explanation:
In order to detect outbreaks and thus group people based on greatest risks, it is mandatory for a surveillance system to be sensitive and thus detect a reasonable amount of cases in the community alongside changes in severity of cases over a period of time. It is also expected that there is high predictability and be representative of cases in the community capable of describing the occurrence of disease by person, time ad place. It should also be timely in its execution, without any delays, as this will allow investigation and control measures to commence quickly.
Polling, whether done by the media, interest groups, or politicians, is aimed at __________. gauging political culture measuring transparency capturing public opinion influencing public opinion
Answer: capturing public opinion
Explanation:
That's the absolute aim. Knowing what the public think about that particular issue.
Postmodernism in law posits that concepts like justice and truth are not objective. Group of answer choices True False
Answer:True
Explanation: Postmodernist have high scepticism and they hold various views such as (1) they believe there is no objective reality , what ever is thought to be real is subjective (2) They deny the existence of scientific or historical truth (3) They consider technological development as just instrument of power.(4) They don't consider logic and reason as universally valid. (5) They don't consider knowledge to be certain.
A framework for the Constitution, introduced by William Paterson, that called for equal state representation in the national legislature regardless of population?
Answer:
New Jersey Plan framed by William Patterson.
Explanation:
This plan was introduced after Virginia plan framed by James Madison. It demanded that the representation of legislatures should be decided according to the number of population and it was in the interests of the larger states because they would have great representation in the assembly. And it was opposed by smaller states and in response, William framed the New Jersey Plan which manifested that each state will have a single vote, therefore, preventing larger states crushing the smaller ones.
Products include goods and services, as well as ___, which are thoughts, opinions, and philosophies that can be marketed, just as goods and services can. (Remember to type only one word in the blank.)
Answer:
Ideas
Explanation:
ideas usually lead to innovation that could become a catalyst for a new and emerging market. In most developed countries, Stealing ideas could make you subjected to a lawsuit.
A famous example of this would be Face-book.
MarkZucker berg was accused of stealing the ideas to create the site from the Winklevoss twins, who eventually brought Mark to the court. The twins won the case and receive around $65 million payout from the lawsuit.
Along with goods and services, the term 'products' may also refer to ideas, which include thoughts, opinions, or philosophies that can be marketed. Products include goods and services, as well as ideas, which are thoughts, opinions, and philosophies that can be marketed.
Explanation:Products, in the broadest sense, include goods and services but they also encompass another category often overlooked: ideas. These can be thoughts, opinions, and philosophies that can be marketed just as goods and services can. In fact, the knowledge economy thrives on the marketing and sales of these 'intellectual' products. For example, a thought leader might sell their unique insights or philosophies via books, webinars, or speaking engagements. This category of products is essential for understanding aspects of marketing and business in the digital age.
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