Answer:
1) Little Albert B (Known as Little Albert today)
2) When he was shown the rat
3) Whenever he saw a white object
4) Conditioned response
Explanation:
The Little Albert experiment presents and example of how classical conditioning can be used to condition an emotional response.
• Neutral Stimulus: The white rat
• Unconditioned Stimulus: The loud noise
• Unconditioned Response: Fear
• Conditioned Stimulus: The white rat
• Conditioned Response: Fear
The Little Albert experiment by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner involved classical conditioning where Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat. The experiment illustrated how emotional responses can be conditioned, showcasing stimulus generalization beyond the initial conditioned stimulus.
Explanation:In the classic Little Albert experiment conducted by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner, a young boy was conditioned to fear a white rat through the process of classical conditioning. At first, Little Albert showed no fear of the rat. During the conditioning phase, Watson and Rayner paired the presentation of the white rat (Conditioned Stimulus - CS) with a loud, frightening noise (Unconditioned Stimulus - UCS), leading to Little Albert’s fear response (Unconditioned Response - UCR) of crying. After repeated pairings, Little Albert began to show fear (Conditioned Response - CR) at the sight of the white rat alone.
This fear later generalized to other furry objects, such as a rabbit and a Santa Claus mask, an example of stimulus generalization. The experiment was significant because it demonstrated that emotional responses such as fear could be conditioned and were not necessarily the result of repressed conflicts as posited by Freud.
George Herbert Mead's proposal that the human mind and self arise in the process of social communication became the foundation of the symbolic interaction schools of thought in sociology and social psychology.
a) true
b) false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Symbolic interactionism: In social psychology and sociology, the term symbolic interactionism is defined as a micro-level theory that aims at the relationship between different individuals in a particular society.
George Herbert Mead has introduced the theory of symbolic interactionism. The theory of symbolic interactionism also involves one to one interactions and observations. It is responsible for explaining social behavior that is best described by the way two different individuals in a particular society through symbols.
In the question above, the given statement is true.
In Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach, the _____ refers to the interactions among systems.
Answer:
The correct answer to the following question will be "Mesosystem".
Explanation:
A part of Urie Bronfenbrenner's theory of ecosystem or ecological systems established in the 70s, is the Mesosystem.It suggests that infants or children who don't only cultivate by influencing their close family eco-surrounding environments are also influencing the children's development.Therefore, Mesosystem is the right answer.
Seth failed to put away his bicycle at night as he was supposed to. His father told him that he would not be allowed to ride his bicycle for one week. Seth's father tried to change Seth's behavior by using_________________
Answer:
Punishment
Explanation:
Punishment is an imposing penalty on a person who conducts an offense. Punishment can be in a different form. It is a proverb for punishment that an eye for an eye. But it is not a must in every situation it works. Because it is explained that the reverse punishment does not always seem right for action.
But it comes in favor of children it is not up to date that every punishment is right for children. Discipline is different and punishment is different. Many of the parents want to encourage their children's behavior when it is socially accepted but always want to decrease or remove that behavior which is not socially accepted.
Thus here Seth is failed to put his bicycle away because his father told him that he won't ride a bicycle. Seth's behavior is changed by using punishment.
Which statement is normative? a. Everyone in the United States deserves to be covered by national health insurance. b. The federal government spends half of its budget on national defense. c. A high rate of economic growth creates jobs. d. The rate of unemployment is 9%.
Answer:
Everyone in the United States deserves to be covered by national health insurance.
Explanation:
Quite simply, a normative statement answers "what should be?" In all 4 options, the statement 'a' is showing a person's opinion of how things should be. And that is what a normative statement is. When people give their opinions, and you cannot make sense whether they're right or wrong. They're simply put, perspectives.
Accessing electronic resources, manually searching library resources, investigating primary sources, and conducting scientific experiments are all examples of ________ research methods.
Answer:
Formal research methods
Explanation:
Formal research methods -
It refers to the research method , which uses the basic and traditional search sources and experiments , is referred to as formal research methods .
In this research method , the sample used is a random sample .
The research method involve the use of library as the source of information and some experiments to conduct the research .
Hence , from the given information of the question ,
The correct term is Formal research methods .
Kathy, a fashion model, witnessed a motor vehicle accident but did not stop because she was late for her pedicure and simply didn't want to get involved. Had she stopped, she could have saved the life of Tom, who was thrown from the car and landed in a water-filled ditch, without danger to herself. When Tom's widow hears that Kathy could have easily saved Tom's life but chose to ignore the situation, she sues Kathy. The state has no "Good Samaritan" laws or duty-to-assist laws, but such cases have been brought in the past. Which of the following will the court apply when making a decision in this case?
A) administrative law
B) statutory law
C) common law
D) equity law
Answer:
C) common law.
Explanation:
Common law is a system of law that is made by the judges decision to resolve issues In the law court. This kind of law is not based on written or legistrative law.
The court will apply the common law when making a decision in the case between Tom's widow and Kathy.
Answer:
id have to say C)common law
Explanation:
Ian does not understand why he is stressed out. He begins each workday by having coffee and listening to his coworker's gossip. During work, Ian volunteers to lead new projects. After work, he goes to the gym and has dinner with friends before going home to bed. What can Ian do to restore balance in his life?
Answer:
Ian can avoid the coworkers who gossip to restore balance in his life.
Explanation:
The only habit that Ian seems to have which can be termed as unhealthy is that of listening to coworkers' gossip. When Ian listens or witnesses his coworkers gossiping about some or the other topic, his energy and focus get diverted to operations that are completely insignificant. The thoughts that the brain keeps processing unconsciously after listening to the gossip drain Ian's energy and make him feel stressed out.Betty Lou has a car washing and detailing business. She charges $20 to wash a car, a process that takes her 20 minutes and requires no help or materials. For car detailing, a process requiring 1 hour, she charges $50 net of materials. Again, no help is required. What do you suggest Betty Lou do to make the most efficient use of her resources?
Answer: Betty Lou should raise the price of car detailing or concentrate on washing cars.
Under the unified command (UC) principle, each incident commander (IC) is responsible for all incident activities, including strategies and tactics and ordering and releasing resources, particularly when an incident occurs within a single jurisdiction. How does this change under a UC?
The agencies have the possibility to work better together even with different legal, geographic and functional authorities, all this is not affected by nothing, because it allows them to work even if they have so many different things.
Baby Jane was just bottle-fed by a babysitter. Having very little experience, her babysitter forgot to burp her. As a result of a buildup of gas, baby Jane is in extreme pain and begins to cry. Which of the following best captures Jane's cry?
a. a cry that expels a small volume of air through the vocal cords
b. a large intake of breath, briefly held, then let loose
c. soft in volume, an unsteady whimper punctuated by pauses and long intakes of breath
d. a warm-up cry with mild whimpers
Answer: Option(b) is correct
Explanation:
According to question, pain cry can start suddenly without any hint in infants if burping is not done. The appropriate way to capture Jane's cry is to take-in a large volume of air and hold it for short amount of time and then let go.This will relax and stop the crying.
Other options are incorrect because expulsion of small air volume due to crying, warm up crying and unstable whimper with pauses along with breathing are not the methods for controlling Jane's cry.Thus, the correct option is option(b).
Baby Jane's cry due to the discomfort from a gas buildup as a result of not being burped would likely be a large intake of breath, briefly held, then let loose, signifying a cry of distress.
Explanation:The question is related to the physiological reaction of a baby when she is not properly burped after feeding. The best descriptor for baby Jane's cry in the given situation would be option 'b' - a large intake of breath, briefly held, then let loose. This is because the discomfort due to gas build-up might trigger a loud and high-pitched cry, often associated with pain or distress, indicating the immediate need for aid or soothe. This reaction to the pain is more closely related to a sudden, loud cry rather than an unsteady whimper or a small volume of air expelled through the vocal cords.
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Following his experience in the military, Hans developed a classically conditioned fear response to radio static. After he left the military, the response extinguished. However, after not hearing radio static for several months, Hans again shows the conditioned fear response. Hans’s experience is best described by_____________
Answer:Spontaneous recovery
Explanation:Spontaneous recovery is a phenomenon in which a behavior that was thought to have been extincted suddenly appears.
This response is the one that has resulted from classical and operant conditioning.
Spontaneous recovery in this way can be defined as a conditioned response that appears after it it rest period.
This usually occurs when the conditioned response stimulus is no longer associated with unconditioned stimulus.
Hans conditioned fear had extinguished after he left the military buy after months it came back again this is spontaneous recovery.
The perspective that does not rigidly believe in any one theoretical perspective but considers multiple theories and selects the best features from each is known as ______ theoretical orientation.
Answer: Eclectic
Explanation: Eclectic theory employs a robust perspective which synergise various approaches at tackling or solving a particular problem by exploring multiple principles aimed at solving such problem. It deviates from a rather straightforward and specific approach. Eclectic theories are employed in psychological therapies, teaching and so on. They usually yield better and well rounded result due to their robust nature which combines the best features of multiple approaches suitable for a specific problem or treatment.
The interactional approach assumes thata. situational and personal variables are codeterminants of behaviorb. personality interacts with the psychological core to determine behaviorc. highly aggressive people, for example, will usually react in an aggressive manner when placed in an aggressive situationd. a and ce. a and b
Answer:
d. a and c
Explanation:
Interactional approach: The term interactional approach is defined as a phenomenon that considers the situational influence as well as the psychological traits on an individual's behavior. These two different aspects tend to mix with each other and therefore capable of altering an individual's behavior.
In other words, an individual's situational or environmental influences and psychological traits interact with each other in a unique pattern and hence sculpt his or her behavior.
In the question above, the correct answer is option "d".
Mr. Jenkins is an avid reader of educational research. Mr. Jenkins is familiar with research in mathematics instruction which asserts a rapid pace of instruction increases achievement. Yet Mr. Jenkins students are in need of additional reinforcement of some key skills so he slows his instruction pace accordingly. Mr. Jenkins is demonstrating his ability to:
Answer: Common sense
Explanation:
Common sense is the sensible and sound approach for making decision, judgement, opting choice,perception, realization, understanding etc. that is made in any situation or matter.It determines sensibility of any person .
According to the question, Jenkins is displaying common sense by setting his instruction pace at slow mode for student even though he knows that fast pace of instruction is more favorable in achieving success.He understands student's need and thus uses his sensibility to work accordingly for extra reinforcement .
Mr. Jenkins demonstrates his ability to differentiate instruction by adjusting his teaching pace to reinforce key skills, despite research suggesting a faster pace aids achievement. This shows his respect for his students' learning needs and his dedication to their understanding of vital concepts.
Mr. Jenkins is demonstrating his ability to differentiate instruction based on his students' needs. Despite the research he has read suggesting a faster pace aids in academic achievement, he recognizes that his students require additional reinforcement of certain key skills. This insight prompts him to slow down his instructional pacing to ensure they sufficiently understand these skills before progressing.
Differentiated instruction is a teaching philosophy that acknowledges and respects the varied learning needs and styles of students in a classroom. It involves the modification of content, process, and product based on a student's readiness, interest, and learning profile. Mr. Jenkins leverages this approach effectively by adjusting his pace of instruction to make certain his students fully grasp fundamental concepts.
This adjustment aligns with the reference pointing out the need for exploring new techniques to stimulate love for learning and capacity for creation, reinforcing key concepts, and improving critical thinking skills through knowledge expansion. These actions build a supportive learning environment, establishing credibility and effectiveness as a teacher by adopting strategies that best serve his students' learning needs.
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Gene and Alex bought a property that backed up to a neighborhood park. The previous owner mentioned that ever since the park was built eight years ago, the next-door neighbor who works at the park has cut through the yard to get to the park rather than go around via the streets, which saves about half a mile. What kind of easement is this__________.
Answer:Easement by prescription
Explanation:Easement by prescription refers to an easement that allows a person to use someone else's land in a hostile , uninterrupted and adverse way.
This is when a person uses another person's land either as a way to pass through, in a continuous and exclusive way for years.
How would the poem ""We Wear the Mask"" be different if Paul Laurence Dunbar had written it in more informal language or without as much structure?
Answer: It would not have been as powerful as it is
Explanation: While using less formal language and structure would have made the poem more understanble by different classes of readers, it would not have the poignant and gripping effect the formal language portrays.
It is another way of expressing the level of facade and layers of masks the African Americans had to wear in order for their behaviour to be considered socially acceptable.
While the language and tone of the poem clearly indicates the eloquence of Dunbar's literary prowess, the type of informal language as used in his more popular poems would have diminished the point he was trying to make with the pain and anguish experienced by the African Americans who at that time most likely didn't speak so formally.
Answer:
“We Wear the Mask” would have been interpreted as subjective and emotional if Dunbar had used more informal language and fewer structural elements. Simpler words would have been more accessible to his audience. However, the formal structure allows all Americans to relate to the poem, no matter their race. The formal structure is evident in the following lines:
Why should the world be over-wise,
In counting all our tears and sighs?
Nay, let them only see us, while
In this case, Dunbar uses an old English word, nay—not likely a word that every African American at the time knew. Dunbar uses such formal language and structure to present his point of view in an objective manner to readers.
Explanation:
From Plato
An employee working in a payroll department uses a customized program to keep track of the hours employees have worked. The customized program is an example of _____. hardware software
Answer: Software
Explanation:
According to the given question, the employees basically works on the payroll department and it uses the various types of customized programs for keep tracking the working hours of the employees.
So, the customized program is one of the example of the software as it helps in developing the various types of specific functions and the efficient characteristics based o the customers requirements.
The main advantage of the customized software is that it helps in the development process and it is cost effective, personalization, integration. Therefore, Software is the correct answer.
Did the researcher draw the correct conclusions given the data?"" or ""Is there a chance that the researcher said there was an effect when there really wasn’t one?"" are examples of:__________
Answer:
statistical validity
Explanation:
Statistical Validity may be defined as the extent where the conclusions or results drawn from any statistical test are reliable and accurate. In order to achieve a statistical validity, the researchers or the experimenter must have an sufficient size of the sample and pick a right statistical test so as to analyze the given data.
Hence the answer is -- statistical validity
Sometimes, books and movies surprise and intrigue people because they depict characters who put their need for love and belongingness above their own safety. This is in contrast to the expected order in:__________.
Answer:
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Explanation:
Maslow's hierarchy of needs: In psychology, the hierarchy of needs was proposed by Abraham Maslow and he has mentioned five distinct stages of needs in his theory that an individual goes through in life including physiological needs, safety needs, love, and belonging need, esteem needs, and self-actualization.
According to Maslow, an individual can move into the other stage of the hierarchy of needs once he or she has completed the previous needs.
In the question above, the given statement is in contrast to the expected order in the Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
In 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt established the Grand Canyon National Game Preserve on the Kaibab Plateau in northern Arizona.The preserve was created to protect deer from hunting and predation, which had reduced the population of Kaibab deer to only about 4000. Hunters were prohibited from shooting deer, but they were allowed to shoot the deers predators, including cougars and coyotes. Between 1907 and 1923, over 600 cougars and 3000 coyotes were trapped or killed. As a result, the deer herd began to increase. By 1915, the deer were estimated at 25,000; by 1920, at 50,000; and by 1923, at approximately 100,000.
If you were to graph the population growth of the Kaibab deer from 1906 to 1923, what would you see?
a. a straight line, showing a steady increase over time
b. a J-shaped upward curve showing a very rapid increase
c. an up-and-down, wavelike pattern
d. an S-shaped curve that shows a smooth, rapid increase leveling off in 1923
Answer:
b. a J-shaped upward curve showing a very rapid increase
Explanation:
A graph of the growth of deer population between 1906 to 1923 will be J-shaped upward curve showing a rapid increase in deer population.
The graph of the population growth of the Kaibab deer from 1906 to 1923 would show an S-shaped curve that shows a smooth, rapid increase leveling off in 1923.
Explanation:The graph of the population growth of the Kaibab deer from 1906 to 1923 would show option (d): an S-shaped curve that shows a smooth, rapid increase leveling off in 1923. Initially, the deer population increased steadily, but as the number of predators decreased due to hunting regulations, the deer population grew rapidly, reaching a peak in 1923.
The law-making function lies in which body of government in the United States? A. Judicial B. Legislative C. Executive D. None of these cj 100
What is the process of removing all syntax and logical errors from a program in order to create a working program that accomplishes all intended tasks known as?
Answer: Debugging
Explanation:
Debugging is the process that is carried out for removal of all the faults and error of the program in computing field. Potential errors present in programs are know as bugs which are analysed and detected for elimination.
Debugging process provides assuring that incorrect instruction is not executed to produce invalid or incorrect results.Resolving the bug is the process through which correction in syntax and logic is made.
Describe your ideas about why indigenous groups of people in different parts of the world have different skin colors from other groups of people.
Answer:
The answer has been stated below.
Explanation:
There would also have been more people living all over the world, and peoples' skin colors would have evolved slowly over the years and the people inhabited at higher altitudes would have created more variability because the amount of exposure would have varied as people move around the world. People would have traveled around the earth, but they kept the DNA of their skin color.
Skin color in different indigenous groups is a result of evolutionary adaptation to varying levels of UV radiation exposure in different geographic areas. The concept of 'race' is not biologically validated and much variation exists within all human groups. Social constructs and cultural differences also impact the perception and significance of skin color.
Explanation:The variations in skin color among different indigenous groups can be attributed to evolutionary adaptation to different environmental conditions, particularly levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It's important to understand that skin color doesn't reflect race, as
biological anthropology
affirms that there's significant genetic diversity within all human groups, and 'race' is a sociocultural construct, not a biological one.
The ancestors of modern humans, who originated in Africa, had dark skin high in melanin to provide protection against intense UV radiation. As some groups migrated to areas with less UV exposure, such as Europe, lighter skin tones evolved over generations. This is because lighter skin allows for more efficient production of vitamin D in low-UV conditions.
It’s also crucial to recognize the historical and societal context of skin color perception. Unfortunately, features like skin color have been used to justify discrimination and race-based prejudice, known as colorism. While some societies treat lighter or darker skin as preferable, this is a form of prejudice, not a scientific truth. Cultural differences also impact the perception and significance of skin color, highlighting that societal values are influential in shaping our understanding of human variation.
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Jennifer is studying the effects of nutrition on student performance in school. She researches a group of students and finds that students who miss breakfast often do poorly during the school day. What is the dependent variable in this scenario?
Answer:Student school performance
Explanation:The dependent variable is a variable that is being tested in an experiment. Student perfomance is measured here by looking at how it is affected by nutrition in one's body
Experiment tests how independent variable causes change to the dependent variable hence dependent variable is depended on independent variable like in this case the students performance is dependent on their nutrition intake.
Jose is asked to complete an assessment measure that focuses on depression. The instructions given on the instrument state, "Rate each of the following items using the following scale: Always, Frequently, Sometimes, or Never.
" Which of the following types of assessment instruments is Jose being asked to complete?
A) Subjective response measure
B) Self-report measure
C) Clinician-rated measure
D) Objective response measure
Answer:
self-report measure
Restricting messages to a specific character count, a(n) __________ can be used to build communities and share customer success stories. A. microblog B. webpage C. instant message D. blog E. podcast
Answer:
A. microblog
Explanation:
Microblog -
It refers to the online broadcast medium which exists as a specific form of blogging , is referred to as microblog .
It enables the users to exchange of small video , images , and hence is used and hence it is famous , and widely used .
Hence , from the question ,
The correct option is A. microblog .
In case of a municipal revenue bond, provisions for the flow and application of funds normally are established by the: (A) Prospectus (B) Feasibility study (C) Legal opinion of a bond attorney (D) Bond indenture
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
Bond Indenture can be defined as an agreement between two parties in which legal and important features are mentioned and agreed by both the parties. The terms that are mentioned in bond indenture includes restrictions on the issuer, consequences faced by the issuer at the time of failure to make payments.
In Municipal Revenue, Bond indenture is used to check the flow and application of funds.
So, the correct answer is option D.
If the price of pork rinds falls, the substitution effect due to the price change will cause:_______
a. a decrease in the quantity of pork rinds demanded.
b. an increase in the quantity of pork rinds demanded.
c. an increase in the demand for pork rinds.
d. an increase in the demand for corn chips, a substitute for pork rinds.
Answer:
A decrease in the quantity of pork rinds demanded
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Monica is investigating the ways that poverty is dealt with in socialist and capitalist societies. She predicts that socialist societies will be more likely to expand in order to find jobs for the poor than capitalist societies. Which of the following theories is Monica likely using?
a. Demographic transition
b. Conflict
c. Wealth flow
d. Symbolic interactionist
Answer:
The correct answer is: B. Conflict theory.
Explanation:
The conflict theory is a sociological theory proposed by thinker and philosopher Karl Marx that consists in a view of society as an ideal playground for conflict to arise because in this society human beings are competing against each other for limited resources.
According to this theory capitalists, societies do their best to benefit the rich and dehumanize the poor.
In this particular case Monica is investigating the ways that poverty is dealt with in socialist and capitalist societies. She predicts that socialist societies will be more likely to expand in order to find jobs for the poor than capitalist societies.
The theory that she is most likely using is: B. Conflict.
Acts "involving direct physical contact between at least one offender and at least one person or object which that offender attempts to take or damage" are defined by Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson as what type of crime? Select one: a. felony crime b. theft crime c. aggravated crime d. predatory crime
Acts "involving direct physical contact between at least one offender and at least one person or object which that offender attempts to take or damage" are defined by Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson as predatory crime
Explanation:
The crimes refers to the acts that are against the law or an act that harms other. There are many types of crimes such as personal, property, statutory, financial crimes,etc predatory crimes refers to the crime that is very well planned and executed.
For instance, the robbery that is associated with bank is an example of predatory crime. With this, the thieves will first determine the place where robbery should take place, then need to know about the timings of the institution,the methods and technologies used for security, etc.Hence, the given example is Predatory crime.
"The correct answer is d. predatory crime.
Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson's research on crime categorizes offenses based on the nature of the act. According to their classification, ""predatory crime"" refers to acts that involve direct physical contact between at least one offender and at least one person or object which that offender attempts to take or damage. These crimes are characterized by the offender's intent to illegally obtain something from the victim, often involving violence or the threat of violence. Predatory crimes include offenses such as robbery, burglary, and theft, where the offender benefits directly from the act at the expense of the victim.
To clarify the other options:
a. Felony crime: This is a broad category that includes serious crimes, typically punishable by imprisonment for more than one year. Predatory crimes can be felonies, but not all felonies are predatory crimes.
b. Theft crime: Theft is a type of predatory crime, but the term ""theft crime"" is more specific and refers to offenses where the offender takes someone else's property without consent and with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of it.
c. Aggravated crime: This term usually refers to a crime that is made worse by certain factors, such as the use of a weapon, the degree of injury to a victim, or the criminal history of the offender. It is not a specific category of crime like predatory crime.