When the reaction
CH3Cl(g) + H2O(g) →CH3OH(g) + HCl(g)
Was studied, the tabulated data were obtained. Based on thesedata, what are the reaction orders?
Initial Concentrations, M; Initial Rates,Ms-1
Exp CH3Cl H2O Rate, Ms-1
1 0.100 0.100 0.182
2 0.200 0.200 1.45
3 0.200 0.400 5.81
A. CH3Cl: firstorder H2O:first order
B. CH3Cl: second order H2O: first order
C. CH3Cl: firstorder H2O: second order
D. CH3Cl: second order H2O: second order
Please EXPLAIN your answer.
The reaction orders for CH3Cl and H2O are determined to be second order for both reactants as evidenced by the quadrupled rate increase when their concentrations are doubled. So the correcct option is D.
Explanation:To determine the reaction orders for CH3Cl and H2O in the given reaction, we analyze the provided experimental data by comparing initial concentrations and initial rates.
Comparing Experiment 1 and Experiment 2: The concentration of both CH3Cl and H2O is doubled, and the rate increases from 0.182 to 1.45, an 8-fold increase. This suggests that both are of second order because doubling the concentration of a second-order reactant increases the rate by a factor of 22, which is 4, and since both reactants are doubled, 4*4=16, accounting for the 8-fold increase.Comparing Experiment 2 and Experiment 3: Only the concentration of H2O is doubled, and the rate increases from 1.45 to 5.81, a 4-fold increase. This change indicates that H2O is second-order because doubling the concentration of a second-order reactant increases the rate by a factor of 22 or 4.Based on these observations, the answer is D. CH3Cl: second order and H2O: second order. Both the concentrations of CH3Cl and H2O have a squared relationship to the rate, characteristic of second-order reactions.
A balloon is floating around outside. The temperature outside is -19 Celsius, and the air pressure is 0.800 ATM. Your neighbor, who released the balloon, tell you that he filled it with 4.50 moles of gas. What is the volume of gas inside this balloon
A circuit contains two devices that are connected in parallel. If the resistance of one of these devices is 12 ohms and the resistance of the other device is 4 ohms, the total resistance of the two devices is
Answer:
16 oms
Explanation: 12+4 +16
A microwave oven produces energy waves with wavelengths that are
A.shorter than visible light
B.longer than visible light
C.the same length as visible light
D.not part of the electromagnetic spectrum
If 6.89 g of CuNO3 is dissolved in water to make a 0.460 M solution, what is the volume of the solution?
To find the volume of a 0.460 M solution of CuNO₃ made from 6.89 g of CuNO₃, you calculate the number of moles and use the molarity formula, resulting in approximately 119 mL of solution.
To solve this problem, follow these steps:
Determine the molar mass of CuNO₃:
Cu: 63.55 g/mol
N: 14.01 g/mol
O: 16.00 g/mol (3 atoms, so 16.00 g/mol × 3 = 48.00 g/mol)
Molar mass of CuNO₃ = 63.55 + 14.01 + 48.00 = 125.56 g/mol.
Find the number of moles of CuNO₃⁺:
Number of moles = mass / molar mass = 6.89 g / 125.56 g/mol ≈ 0.0549 mol.
Use the molarity formula to find the volume of the solution:
M = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters)
0.460 M = 0.0549 mol / volume
Volume = 0.0549 mol / 0.460 M ≈ 0.119 L (or 119 mL).
Therefore, the volume of the solution is approximately 119 mL.
if the column of water in the water barometer rose to a height of 33 feet, what would the atmospheric pressure be in mm Hg?
A column of water that is 33 feet high in a water barometer would indicate normal atmospheric pressure, which is equivalent to a column of mercury that is 760 mm high.
Explanation:In physics, we use tools like the barometer to measure atmospheric pressure. The atmospheric pressure is measured by the height to which a column of liquid, such as mercury or water, rises. If it's a water barometer, normal atmospheric pressure will support a column of water over 10 meters high, but since mercury (Hg) is denser, it only needs to be 1/13.6 as tall as a water barometer.
A standard atmospheric pressure of 1 atm at sea level (101,325 Pa) corresponds to a column of mercury that is about 760 mm high. So if the column of water rose to a height of 33 feet (approximately 10 meters), this would suggest a pressure equivalent to the normal atmospheric pressure.
However, we have to convert the height in a barometer containing mercury because of its density relative to water. We know water is 13.6 times less dense than mercury. Therefore, to find the height in a mercury barometer, we would need to divide the height of water by 13.6. So, 33 feet of water would be equivalent to 760 mm (29.92 inches) of mercury.
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What amount of energy is required to change a spherical drop of water with a diameter of 1.80 mm to three smaller spherical drops of equal size? The surface tension, γ, of water at room temperature is 72.0 mJ/m2.
The energy required to split a spherical drop of water into three smaller ones of the same size can be calculated considering the change in surface area of the drops and the surface tension of water. The energy is equivalent to the work done against the surface tension.
Explanation:To solve this question, we need to understand that when a spherical drop of water splits into multiple smaller drops, energy is required. This energy is equivalent to the work done against surface tension. The energy required, also known as the surface energy, is derived from the change in the surface area of the water drops. Surface tension (γ) is the energy required per unit increase in area.
Let's consider the initial drop of water has a diameter D and the smaller drops each having diameter d. The initial surface area of the spherical drop, using the formula for the surface area of a sphere 4πr² (where r is the radius), is 4π(D/2)² and the total surface area of the 3 smaller drops is 3 * 4π(d/2)². The change in surface area ΔA = 3 * 4π(d/2)² - 4π(D/2)².
The energy required which is derived from the surface tension formula is ΔE = γ ΔA. By substituting the ΔA in this equation, we can calculate the energy required. This problem might require additional details like the ratio between the diameters D and d.
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In which case would you revise a hypothesis?
A.When you have no prior knowledge of a subject
B.When you do not have enough data to make a graph
C.When your experiment design does not work
D.When experimental results do not support the original hypothesis
You should revise a hypothesis when the experimental results do not support the original hypothesis (Option D), based on the process of the scientific method.
Explanation:In the process of scientific investigation, a hypothesis is essentially a predicted answer to a research question, which is then tested through experiments. You would revise a hypothesis in the instance where experimental results do not support the original hypothesis (Option D). This is based on the scientific method, where the hypothesis is accepted or revised based on the evidence collected.
For example, if you hypothesize that plants grow faster when exposed to classical music and you conduct an experiment that shows no significant difference in growth rates between plants exposed to classical music and those that weren't, you would then revise your hypothesis, potentially considering variables you hadn't initially accounted for or a different predicted outcome.
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When 1.187 g of a metallic oxide is reduced with excess hydrogen 1.054 g of the metal is produced. what is the metallic oxide?
Answer: The metallic oxide formed will be [tex]Cu_2O[/tex]
Explanation:
We are given a metallic oxide, having general chemical formula [tex]M_2O_n[/tex]
We are given:
Mass of metallic oxide = 1.187 g
Mass of metal = 1.054 g
Mass of oxygen = 1.187 - 1.054 = 0.133 g
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] .......(1)
Given mass of oxygen = 0.133 g
Molar mass of oxygen = 16 g/mol
Putting values equation 1, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of oxygen}=\frac{0.133g}{16g/mol}=0.0083mol[/tex]
Number of moles of metal in the oxide is twice than the number of moles of oxygen
Number of moles of metal = [tex](2\times 0.0083)=0.0166[/tex] moles
Now, calculating the molar mass of metal by using equation 1, we get:
Moles of metal = 0.0166 moles
Mass of metal = 1.054 g
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]0.0166mol=\frac{1.054g}{\text{Molar mass of metal}}\\\\\text{Molar mass of metal}=\frac{1.054g}{0.0166mol}=63.49g/mol[/tex]
The metal having 63.49 g/mol as molar mass is copper
Hence, the metallic oxide formed will be [tex]Cu_2O[/tex]
One loss mechanism for ozone in the atmosphere is the reaction with the ho2 radical what is the rate law expression
One loss mechanism for ozone in the atmosphere is the reaction with the HO₂ radical is Rate = k[O₃][HO₂]. The correct option is a.
The link between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentrations of the reactants is described by the rate law expression.
In this instance, the ozone and HO₂ radical concentrations have a direct correlation with the rate of reaction.
A rate constant is denoted by the letter "k." As a result, Rate = k[O₃][HO₂] is the rate law equation for this reaction.
It shows that the ozone and HO₂ radical concentrations have a direct correlation with the rate of the reaction.
Thus, the correct option is a.
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Your question seems incomplete, the probable complete question is:
One loss mechanism for ozone in the atmosphere is the reaction with the ho2 radical what is the rate law expression
a) Rate = k[O3][HO2]
b) Rate = k[O3]^2[HO2]
c) Rate = k[O3][HO2]^2
d) Rate = k[O3]^2/[HO2]
Balance this nuclear reaction by supplying the missing nucleus: 249/98 Cf +__ --> 263/106 Sg +4 1/0 n
Answer: the missing nucleus is an isotope of oxygen 18/8 O
Explanation:
Since the reacting mass must be equal to the resulting mass
That is right hand side must be equal to the left
We check the total number of reacting moles in the equation
On the right hand we have 267/106
On the left hand side we have 249+x/98+x
Equation both we have
249+ x/98+y = 267/106
Therefore x = 18
y = 8
This is an isotope of oxygen
To balance the nuclear equation, we must find a nucleus whose addition will make the mass and atomic numbers equal on both sides. The missing nucleus is an oxygen isotope, 18/8 O, which balances the equation to 249/98 Cf + 18/8 O → 263/106 Sg + 4 1/0 n.
Explanation:The student's question is asking to balance a nuclear reaction by supplying the missing nucleus in the given reaction. After analyzing the reaction 249/98 Cf +__ → 263/106 Sg + 4 1/0 n, we can see that the mass numbers (top numbers) and atomic numbers (bottom numbers) need to be balanced on both sides of the equation. In order to balance the equation, we need to add the missing mass number and atomic number from the left side to match the total on the right side.
To balance this equation, note that the sum of the mass numbers on the right side (seaborgium-263 plus four neutrons) is 263 + (4 × 1) = 267, while the mass number on the left side of the equation is 249 for the californium (Cf) nucleus. The missing mass number is therefore 267 - 249 = 18. Similarly, the sum of the atomic numbers on the right side (seaborgium-106 plus zero from the neutrons) is 106, and the atomic number on the left is 98 for the californium nucleus. The missing atomic number is 106 - 98 = 8.
Therefore, the missing nucleus must have a mass number of 18 and an atomic number of 8, which corresponds to an oxygen nucleus, 18/8 O. The balanced nuclear equation is 249/98 Cf + 18/8 O → 263/106 Sg + 4 1/0 n.
which of the following statements correctly describes boyle's law
Answer:
A law stating that the pressure of a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature.
Explanation:
Final answer:
Boyle's Law states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at constant temperature, described mathematically as PV = k.
Explanation:
The Boyle's Law correctly describes the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas. At a constant temperature, for a given mass of confined gas, the pressure (P) and the volume (V) are inversely proportional, which can be mathematically expressed as PV = k, where k is a constant for the given mass and temperature of the gas. This means that if the volume decreases, the pressure increases proportionally and vice versa, provided the temperature stays the same.
Palmitic acid C16H32O2 is a dietary fat found in beef and butter. The caloric content of palmitic acid is typical of fats in general.
Part A
Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of palmitic acid. Use \rm H_2O(l) in the balanced chemical equation because the metabolism of these compounds produces liquid water.
Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer.
Explanation:
Combustion is a type of chemical reaction in which substance burns under the presence of oxygen or in other words reaction of hydrocarbon with oxygen to produce water and carbondioxide.
Palmitic acid when undergoes combustion it gives carbondioxide and water.
The balanced chemical equation is given as:
[tex]C_{16}H_{32}O_2(s)+23O_2(g)\rightarrow 16CO_2(g)+16H_2O(l)[/tex]
According to stoichiometry, when 1 mol of palmitic acid reacts with 23 moles of oxygen to give 16 moles of carbondioxide and 12 moles of water.
A gas exerts a pressure of 450 atmospheres (atm). What is this pressure in mmHg?
To convert 450 atmospheres to millimeters of mercury, multiply 450 atm by the conversion factor of 760 mmHg per 1 atm, resulting in 342,000 mmHg.
To convert the pressure of a gas from atmospheres to millimeters of mercury (mmHg), we use the standard conversion factor between these two units of pressure. The relationship is 1 atmosphere (atm) is equivalent to 760 millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Given that the gas pressure is 450 atmospheres (atm), the conversion to mmHg would be as follows:
(450 atm)
(760 mmHg / 1 atm) = 342,000 mmHg
Step-by-Step Calculation:
Start with the given pressure in atmospheres (450 atm).Multiply by the conversion factor 760 mmHg / 1 atm.Calculate the product to find the pressure in mmHg.Therefore, a pressure of 450 atm is equal to 342,000 mmHg.
Which of the following is not true of chemical changes?
A chemical change rarely occurs at the molecular level.
Flammability and decomposition are examples of chemical changes.
Chemical changes involve a rearrangement of atoms to form new substances.
Chemical changes can often be identified by clues such as formation of a gas or a solid and a release of heat.
Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
At molecular level there will be need of energy always for breaking or making of chemical bonds. Therefore, a chemical change will always occur at molecular level.
Thus, we can conclude that out of the given options, the statement a chemical change rarely occurs at the molecular level is not true of chemical changes.
How many electrons are transferred between the cation and anion to form the ionic bond in one formula unit of each compound? (1 electrons, 2 electrons, 3 electrons, 4 electrons) ?
NaCI
CaS
BaO
KBr
LiF
Final answer:
In ionic compounds such as NaCl, CaS, BaO, KBr, and LiF, 1 or 2 electrons are transferred to form the ionic bond, depending on the charges of the ions involved, to achieve electrical neutrality.
Explanation:
The number of electrons transferred between the cation and the anion to form an ionic bond in one formula unit of each compound can be determined by considering the charges of the ions involved.
Each compound aims for overall electric neutrality by balancing the total positive and negative charges.
For NaCl (sodium chloride), one electron is transferred from Na to Cl, forming Na+ and Cl-For CaS (calcium sulfide), two electrons are transferred, forming Ca2+ and S2-For BaO (barium oxide), two electrons are transferred, forming Ba2+ and O2-For KBr (potassium bromide), one electron is transferred from K to Br, forming K+ and Br-For LiF (lithium fluoride), one electron is transferred from Li to F, forming Li+ and F-Accordingly, NaCl transfers 1 electron, both CaS and BaO transfer 2 electrons each, and KBr and LiF also transfer 1 electron each.
Calculate ΔH∘ in kilojoules for the reaction of ammonia NH3 (ΔH∘f=−46.1kJ/mol) with O2 to yield nitric oxide (NO) (ΔH∘f=91.3 kJ/mol) and H2O(g) (ΔH∘f=−241.8kJ/mol), a step in the Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid.
4NH3(g)+5O2(g)→4NO(g)+6H2O(g)
Answer: [tex]\Delta H^o[/tex] for the given reaction is -901.2 kJ.
Explanation: Enthalpy of the reaction is the amount of heat released or absorbed in a given chemical reaction.
Mathematically,
[tex]\Delta H_{rxn}=\Delta H_f_{(products)}-\Delta H_f_{(reactants)}[/tex]
For given reaction:
[tex]4NH_3(g)+5O_2(g)\rightarrow 4NO(g)+6H_2O(g)[/tex]
[tex]H_f_{(NH_3)}=-46.1kJ/mol[/tex]
[tex]H_f_{(O_2)}=0kJ/mol[/tex]
[tex]H_f_{(H_2O)}=-241.8kJ/mol[/tex]
[tex]H_f_{(NO)}=-91.3kJ/mol[/tex]
[tex]\Delta H_{rxn}=[6\Delta H_f_{(H_2O)}+4\Delta H_f_{(H_2O)}-[4\Delta H_f_{(NH_3)}+5\Delta H_f_{(O_2)}][/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\Delta H_{rxn}=[6mol(-241.8kJ/mol)+4mol(91.3kJ/mol)]-[4mol(-46.1kJ/mol)+5mol(0kJ/mol)][/tex]
[tex]\Delta H_{rxn}=-901.2kJ[/tex]
To calculate ΔH∘ for the reaction, we need to use the given ΔH∘f values for the reactants and products. By finding the difference between the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the products and reactants, we can calculate ΔH∘.
Explanation:To calculate the standard enthalpy change (ΔH°) for a reaction, we need to use the given standard enthalpy of formation (ΔH°f) values for the reactants and products. We'll start by determining the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the products and reactants, and then find the difference to calculate ΔH°. For the given reaction:
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
ΔH° = (4ΔH°f(NO) + 6ΔH°f(H2O)) - (4ΔH°f(NH3) + 5ΔH°f(O2))
Substituting the given ΔH°f values into the equation, we get:
ΔH° = (4 * 91.3 kJ/mol + 6 * -241.8 kJ/mol) - (4 * -46.1 kJ/mol + 5 * 0 kJ/mol)
Simplifying the equation, we find:
ΔH° = 603.4 kJ/mol
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A 70.0 mL sample of water is heated to its boiling point. How much heat is required to vaporize it? (Assume a density of 1.00 g/mL.)
Explanation:
As density is the amount of mass divided by volume of the substance.
Mathematically, Density = [tex]\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]
It is given that volume is 70.0 ml and density is 1.00 g/ml. Therefore, mass of the given substance will be as follows.
Density = [tex]\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]
1.00 g/ml = [tex]\frac{mass}{70.0 ml}[/tex]
mass = 70.0 g
As we known that heat of vaporization of water is 2260 J/g for 1 g of a substance. Therefore, heat of vaporization of water for 70.0 g will be as follows.
[tex]70.0 g \times 2260 J/g[/tex]
= 158200 J
or, = 158.2 kJ (as 1 kJ = 1000 J)
Thus, we can conclude that 158.2 kJ heat is required to vaporize given sample of water.
Calculate the equilibrium constant for each of the reactions at 25 ∘C. 2Fe3+(aq)+3Sn(s)→2Fe(s)+3Sn2+(aq)
Equilibrium constants are calculated using thermodynamic data such as standard free energy changes and standard cell potentials, which are then related to the equilibrium constant at a specific temperature using the formula ΔG° = -RTlnK.
Explanation:The calculation of equilibrium constants for chemical reactions requires the use of thermodynamic data, such as standard free energy changes (ΔG°) or standard cell potentials (E°cell). The relationship between the standard free energy change and the equilibrium constant (K) at a given temperature (T) is given by the equation ΔG° = -RTlnK, where R is the universal gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
For a reaction such as 2Fe3+(aq) + 3Sn(s) → 2Fe(s) + 3Sn2+(aq), the standard free energy change ΔG° can be calculated from the standard reduction potentials of the half-reactions involved. The equilibrium constant K is then calculated using the aforementioned relationship. If ΔG° is negative, the reaction is spontaneous, and at equilibrium, there will be a greater concentration of products than reactants. Conversely, if ΔG° is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous, and reactants will predominate at equilibrium.
To determine the equilibrium constant for a solubility product (Ksp), like for FeF2 (s), the concentration of the ions at equilibrium is calculated, considering that the product of the ion concentrations raised to the power of their respective stoichiometric coefficients in the dissolution reaction equals the Ksp. This assessment is key for predicting whether a precipitate will form when solutions containing different ions are mixed.
Final answer:
The equilibrium constant for a chemical reaction can be calculated using standard free energy change and the relationship K = e^{-ΔG°/RT}, or by using standard cell potentials through the equation ΔG° = -nFE°.
Explanation:
The question asks to calculate the equilibrium constant for a chemical reaction at 25 °C. The equilibrium constant, denoted as K, is a dimensionless number that provides a measure of the extent to which a reaction will proceed at a given temperature. The calculation of K often involves using the standard free energy change (ΔG°) and the relationship given by the equation K = e^{-ΔG°/RT}, where R is the universal gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin. To determine ΔG° for a reaction, one may need to reference thermodynamic data for the formation of compounds and elements involved in that reaction.
Standard cell potentials can also be used to calculate the equilibrium constant as they are related to the free energy change through the equation ΔG° = -nFE°, where F is Faraday's constant, E° is the standard cell potential, and n is the number of moles of electrons transferred in the reaction.
A compound is 54.53% C, 9.15% H, and 36.32% O by mass. What is its empirical formula?
Atoms in molecules share pairs of electrons when they make what type of bonds?
Many amines with useful medicinal properties are sold as their ammonium salts true or false
what are radial wave function and angular wave function
The radial wave function represents the radial behavior of the electron, while the angular wave function describes the orientation and shape of the electron orbital.
Explanation:The radial wave function and angular wave function are components of the wave function in quantum mechanics.
The radial wave function, denoted by R, depends only on the radial coordinate r and represents the probability density of finding an electron at a certain distance from the nucleus. It is responsible for the radial behavior of the electron.
The angular wave function, denoted as φ (phi), depends on the polar angle θ (theta) and azimuthal angle φ (phi). It describes the orientation and shape of the electron orbital.
How many grams of carbon are present in 45.0 g of CCl4?
To find the grams of carbon in 45.0 g of CCl4, calculate the molar mass of CCl4, convert the mass of CCl4 to moles, and then multiply the moles of carbon by the molar mass of carbon. The result is 3.513 grams of carbon.
Explanation:To calculate the grams of carbon in 45.0 g of CCl4, we first need to determine the molar mass of CCl4. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) consists of one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms. The atomic mass of carbon (C) is approximately 12.01 g/mol, and the atomic mass of chlorine (Cl) is approximately 35.45 g/mol. So, the molar mass of CCl4 can be calculated as follows:
Molar mass of CCl4 = (1 × 12.01 g/mol) + (4 × 35.45 g/mol)
= 12.01 g/mol + 141.80 g/mol
= 153.81 g/mol.
Next, convert the mass of CCl4 to moles:
Moles of CCl4 = 45.0 g / 153.81 g/mol
= 0.2927 moles of CCl4.
Since there is one carbon atom in each molecule of CCl4, the moles of carbon are equal to the moles of CCl4. Now multiply the moles of carbon by the molar mass of carbon to get the grams:
Grams of Carbon = 0.2927 moles × 12.01 g/mol
= 3.513 grams of carbon.
the h3o+ of a solution with pH = 8.7 is
The concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) in a solution with a pH of 8.7 is approximately 2.0 × 10^-9 M. This is determined using the formula [H3O+] = 10^{-pH}.
Explanation:The student is asking about the concentration of hydronium ions, or H3O+, in a solution with a pH of 8.7. The pH scale is used to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution and is calculated as the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration. To find the H3O+ concentration from pH, we use the formula:
[H3O+] = 10^{-pH}
So, for a solution with a pH of 8.7:
[H3O+] = 10-8.7
On a calculator, you would take the antilog, or the "inverse" log, of -8.7 to find the H3O+ concentration:
[H3O+] = antilog (-8.7)
Or simply calculate:
[H3O+] = 10-8.7
This results in the hydronium ion concentration of approximately 2.0 × 10-9 M.
The [H₃O⁺] of a solution with a pH of 8.7 is approximately 2 × 10^-9 M.
The [H₃O⁺] of a solution with pH = 8.7 can be calculated using the formula:
[H₃O⁺] = 10-pH.
For pH = 8.7, the calculation is [H₃O⁺] = 10-8.7.
Using a calculator, you find [H₃O⁺] ≈ 2.015 × 10-9.
Comparing this result with the given options, the closest one is 2 × 10-9 M.
Therefore, the correct answer is [H₃O⁺] ≈ 2 × 10-9 M.
The complete question is:
The [H_3 O^+ ]of a solution with pH=8.7 is
5.3M
8.7×10^(-1) M
8.7M
2×10^(-9) M
5×10^(-6) M
Chloric acid, HClO3, contains what percent hydrogen by mass?
Chloric acid, HClO3, contains 1.19% percent hydrogen by mass
What is chloric acid used for?Chloric acid is a colorless liquid. It will accelerate the burning of combustible materials and can ignite most on contact. It is corrosive to metals and tissue. It is used as a reagent in chemical analysis and to make other chemicals.
Where is chloric acid found?Chloric acid is not found in nature. It is prepared. Physical properties: Chloric acid is a colorless liquid. Its density is 1 g mL-1.
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What is the temperature written on the thermometer
When an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate is electrolyzed, a gas is observed to form at the anode. the gas is?
The electrolysis of an aqueous solution of copper sulphate using copper electrodes (i.e. using active electrodes) results in transfer of copper metal from the anode to the cathode during electrolysis. The copper sulphate is ionised in aqueous solution.
CuSO4 ==> Cu(++) + SO4(-.-)The positively charged copper ions migrate to the cathode, where each gains two electrons to become copper atoms that are deposited on the cathode.
Cu(++) + 2e(-) ==> CuAt the anode, each copper atom loses two electrons to become copper ions, which go into solution.
Cu ==> Cu(++) + 2e(-)The sulphate ion does not take part in the reaction and the concentration of the copper sulphate in solution does not change. The reaction is completed when the anode is completely eaten away. This process is used in electroplating.
Electrolysis of an Aqueous Solution of Sodium SulphateThe electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium sulphate using inert electrodes produces hydrogen at the cathode and oxygen at the anode and a neutral solution of sodium sulphate remains unaltered by the electrolysis. Cathode Reaction : 4 H2O + 4 e(-) ==> 2 H2 + 4 OH(-)Anode Reaction : 2 H2O ==> O2 + 4 H(+) + 4 e(-)
The overall cell reaction is : 6 H2O ==> 2 H2 + O2 +4 H(+) +4 OH(-)
If the reaction is carried out in a Hofmann Voltammeter, with some universal indicator in the solution, it will be noticed that around the cathode the solution becomes alkaline and around that anode the solution becomes acidic. This is explained as follows :
At the cathode :Hydrogen ions are being removed from solution, thereby leaving an excess of hydroxyl ions which makes the solution alkaline, andAt the anode :Hydroxyl ions are being removed, so leaving an excess of hydrogen ions which makes the solution acidic.Electrolysis of a solution of dilute Sulphuric AcidThe electrolysis of an aqueous solution of dilute sulphuric acid is often carried out in a Hofmann Voltammeter, an apparatus in which the gases evolved at the anode and cathode can be collected in separate graduated tubes. When the solution is electrolyzed hydrogen is produced at the cathode and oxygen at the anode. These gases can be shown to be present in a 2 to 1 ratio and result from the electrolysis of water under acidic conditions.Sulphuric acid is a strong electrolyte is fully dissociated in aqueous solution.
H2SO4 ==> 2 H(+) + SO4(2 -)Water is a weak electrolyte and is only slightly dissociated
H2O ==> H(+) + OH(-)During electrolysis, the hydrogen ions migrates towards the cathode, and are discharged there (i.e. they gain an electron and are converted to hydrogen gas).
2 H(+) + 2 e(-) ==> H2At the anode the concentration of hydroxyl ions is too low to maintain a reaction and the sulphate ions are not oxidized but remain on in solution at the end. Water molecules must be the species reacting at the anode.
2 H2O ==> O2 + 4 H(+) + 4 e(-)The overall reaction is
Cathode Reaction :2 H(+) + 2e(-) ==> H2 4 H(+) + 4e(-) ==> 2H2 Anode Reaction :2 H2O ==> O2 + 4 H(+) + 4 e(-) Overall Cell Reaction:4 H(+) + 2 H2O ==> 2 H2 + O2 + 4 H(+)For every hydrogen ions discharged at the anode, another hydrogen ion is formed at the cathode. The net result is that the concentration of the sulphuric acid remains constant and this electrolysis consists of the decomposition of water with the overall reaction
2H2O ==> 2H2 + O2When an aqueous sodium sulfate solution is electrolyzed, the gas formed at the anode is typically oxygen. This is because the electrolysis of water, which involves similar processes, produces oxygen at the anode. However, the exact reactions at the anode may differ based on the specific conditions.
Explanation:When an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate is electrolyzed, a gas is observed to form at the anode. This is a common phenomenon observed in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of ionic compounds. The gas that is produced depends on the species undergoing reaction at the electode, which may involve either water species (H₂O, H¹, OH´) or solute species (the cations and anions of the compound). However, in the electroysis of aqueous sodium solutions, the hydrogen ions are more easily reduced than the sodium ions, resulting in the formation of hydrogen gas at the cathode.
It's important to note that the reaction taking place at the anode may vary depending the specific conditions. In general, however, it could be said that oxygen gas may form at the anode during electrolysis. This is suggested by the fact that electrolysis of water produces stoichiometric amounts of oxygen gas at the anode. So, similar effects might be expected in this case.
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what is solution in chemistry
A solution in chemistry is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent). It might involve physical or chemical changes.
Explanation:In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as the solvent. The process of dissolving can involve physical changes, like if you dissolve granulated sugar in water, you see it disappear since it changes to the microscopic level. However, it can also involve chemical changes, for instance, when you dissolve baking soda in vinegar. You observe a chemical reaction producing carbon dioxide gas, among other things, which indicates a new substance is created.
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If 71.5 moles of an ideal gas is at 5.03 atm at 6.80 °C, what is the volume of the gas?