Answer:
The intravenous potassium dose will be given undiluted.
Explanation:
This Potassium Chloride Injection, is a sterilized, highly concentrated, nonpyrogenic, ready-to-use, Potassium Chloride solution, USP in Water for Injection, USP also for electrolyte replacement in an only dose bottle for intravenous administration. It is an highly concentrated drug and must be diluted before being administered.
A statement like "The intravenous potassium dose will be given undiluted." shows that the graduate nurse is still ignorant about how to administer drugs and thus reflects a need for further teaching.
1) Forensic science is the application of science to:1)A)both criminal and civil laws.B) criminal laws.C) civil laws.D)crime scene reconstruction.2) The fictional character of Sherlock Holmes was created by:2)A) Dalton.B) BoyleC) Darwin.D)Doyle
Forensic science is the application of science to both criminal and civil laws. Sherlock Holmes was created by Doyle and is known for using forensic techniques to solve crimes.
Explanation:Forensic science is the application of science to both criminal and civil laws. It involves using scientific methods to analyze evidence and solve crimes. For example, forensic scientists might use DNA analysis to link a suspect to a crime scene.
The fictional character of Sherlock Holmes was created by Doyle. He is a famous detective known for his exceptional observation and deduction skills. Sherlock Holmes is often portrayed as using forensic techniques to solve crimes.
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Forensic science is the application of science to answer questions related to the law. Forensic scientists provide scientific evidence for use in courts by examining trace materials associated with crimes. They analyze samples such as hair, blood, and other body fluids, process DNA, and analyze other biological evidence at crime scenes.
Explanation:Forensic science is the application of science to answer questions related to the law. Forensic scientists provide scientific evidence for use in courts and their job involves examining trace materials associated with crimes. Their work includes analyzing samples such as hair, blood, and other body fluids, and processing DNA found in different environments and materials. Forensic scientists also analyze other biological evidence left at crime scenes, such as insect larvae or pollen grains.
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What do we call the idea that government policies should favor people born in the United States over immigrants such as Mexicans or Canadians (legal or otherwise)
Answer:
The correct answer is : Nativism
Explanation:
It refers to the policy that protects the interests of native-born or people who are set up in the country against those of immigrants. It is also the favoring of those who were born in a particular place, over those who moved there to live. The residents are given a better status compared to new immigrants.
________ is traditionally defined as the systematic gathering, recording, and analyzing of data to provide information useful to marketing decision making.
Answer:
Marketing research
Explanation:
Marketing research is traditionally defined as the systematic gathering, recording, and analyzing of data to provide information useful to marketing decision making, it is the process of determining the market viability of a new product or service through research conducted on potential customers. Market research is important as it provides the firm with useful information which could be necessary for product improvement and also in identifying a products market segment.
A new client uses the services of an Investment Advisor and has requested that duplicate copies of statements and confirmations from his account be forwarded to the IA. Which of the following is true with regard to this request?[A] Such a request must be confirmed with each trade and the order ticket must specify that a duplicate copy is being sent.[B] The request and the name and address of the IA should be noted on the new account form.[C] The sales department of the firm should be informed since they will handle all paperwork.[D] The IA must have a power of attorney to receive duplicate copies.
Answer: [B] The request and the name and address of the IA should be noted on the new account form
Explanation:
The request and name of the IA should be in the form because it would formalize the request to avoid any misunderstanding moving forward.
If the requirement is in the Account form, it can be executed more efficiently and effectively to the best interest of the client.
Recently, a famous news channel broadcasted that their country experienced the lowest rate of unemployment in the last ten years. This made the viewers feel optimistic. In this scenario, the media outlet was able to influence the viewers' opinions with a technique called _____.
Answer:
Priming
Explanation:
Priming refers to a prior exposure to a stimuli so as to get an individual ready or prepared for the resultant effect or another resulting stimuli.
The news of a low rate of unemployment in the last ten years primed the viewers and cause them to be optimistic and ready for what to come next.
What is the theoretical position developed by karl marx?
Answer: Conflict Between Social Groups
Explanation:
Sandy, Gale, and Marylou are on the board of directors for an area non-profit organization. At a recent meeting, guest David delivered a rousing speech on how group leadership is often too complex and that non-profits could often be better served by a CEO and no board of directors. Sandy emphatically disagreed with David stating that not having the board could open the organization up to massive levels of corruption. Gale agreed with David and feels that maybe the organization might do better if only one of the ladies were in charge, mainly herself. Marylou chose not to comment on the matter, thus leading Sandy to assume that she agreed with her. It could be said that Sandy is suffering from ________. groupthink groupshift group polarization both groupthink and groupshift all, groupthink, groupshift, and group polarization
Answer:
Group think and group shift
Explanation:
Group think is like when we want to speak in community, group, meeting, etc. Many of us feel shy and hesitate in sharing their thought in groups.
There are some symptoms of group think:
The group people make an assumption and justify their group thinks that they made. In the group think if one of member have doubt they make them resist and have to follow them. The decision making made a person at the highest or extreme position. Conservative people have to more cautious about it.According to the text, a direct link between psychological stress and psychopathology is seen not only in post-traumatic stress disorder but also in the _____ disorders.
Answer:
Mental disorder
Explanation:
According to the text, a direct link between psychological stress and psychopathology is seen not only in post-traumatic stress disorder but also in the mental disorders.
The Stress psychopathology is a psychological theory that attempts to explain behaviour as predisposition vulnerability together with stress from life experiences. and it can take the form of genetic, psychological, biological, or situational factors. A large range of individual differences exist between persons in their vulnerability to the development of disorder. Interventions which deals with treat and prevent mental illness. Pathology refers to illness or disorder.
Answer:
dissociative
Explanation:
According to the text, a direct link between psychological stress and psychopathology is seen not only in post-traumatic stress disorder but also in the dissociative disorders.
Dissociative disorders are mental disorders that involve experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions and identity.
Dissociative disorders usually develop as a reaction to trauma, psychological stress and help keep difficult memories at bay. Symptoms ranging from amnesia to alternate identities depend in part on the type of dissociative disorder you have. Times of stress can temporarily worsen symptoms, making them more obvious.
Amateur forgers who case bad checks because of some financial crisis but have little identification with a criminal subculture are referred to as __________________ forgers
Answer:
naive check forgers
Explanation:
Amateur forgers who case bad checks because of some financial crisis but have little identification with a criminal subculture are referred to as naive check forgers . A naive check forger is an individual who no prior criminal records and is indicted for check forgery for the first time, the crime itself is mostly spurred by some sort of financial constraints.
Jason belongs to a college fraternity and has been told to show up for a hazing ritual to take place later that week. Jason is against the whole idea of hazing but is not sure how to avoid participating. According to your textbook, Jason will find it easier to refuse to participate in the hazing if: A. he decides to simply attend the ritual but not participate in any way. B. he tells the fraternity president about the anti-hazing rules in the college disciplinary guide. C. he agrees to participate in some of the milder hazing behavior but resolves to refuse to participate if the hazing seems to be getting too severe. D. he finds another fraternity member to join him in his refusal to participate.
Answer:
D). He finds another fraternity member to join him in his refusal to participate.
Explanation:
As per the question, Jason would find it more convenient to refuse to take part in the hazing if 'he finds another fraternity member to join him in his refusal to participate' as this would not only provide him the necessary strength to make the decision but also boost his confidence to make it quickly. Lately, the studies have proved that social support makes it easier for an individual to take a specific decision as it assures him/her that their thought is approved and confirmed by the society. Thus, option D is the correct answer.
Anti-redism and antiforeignism were reflected in a notorious case, ____ and ____ were convicted in 1921 of the murder of a Massachusetts paymaster and his guard.
Answer:
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzotti
Explanation:
In 1921, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, both Italian-Americans, were convicted of robbery and murder. Although the arguments brought against them were mostly disproven in court, the fact that the two men were known radicals (and that their trial took place during the height of the Red Scare) prejudiced the judge and jury against them.
Some scientific explanations are so well established that no new evidence is likely to alter them. The explanation becomes a scientific theory. In everyday language a theory means a hunch or speculation. Not so in science. In science, the word theory refers to a comprehensive explanation of an important feature of nature supported by facts gathered over time. Theories also allow scientists to make predictions about as yet unobserved phenomena.
A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experimentation. Such fact-supported theories are not "guesses" but reliable accounts of the real world. The theory of biological evolution is more than "just a theory." It is as factual an explanation of the universe as the atomic theory of matter (stating that everything is made of atoms) or the germ theory of disease (which states that many diseases are caused by germs). Our understanding of gravity is still a work in progress. But the phenomenon of gravity, like evolution, is an accepted fact.
Not some key features of theories that are important to understand from this description:
A. Theories are explanations of natural phenomenon. They aren't predictions (although we may use theories to make predictions). They are explanations why we observe something.
B. Theories aren't likely to change. They have so much support and are able to explain satisfactorily so many observations, that they are not likely to change. Theories can, indeed, be facts. Theories can change, but it is a long and difficult process. In order for a theory to change, there must be many observations or evidence that the theory cannot explain.
C. Theories are not guesses. The phrase "just a theory" has no room in science. To be a scientific theory carries a lot of weight; it is not just one person's idea about something.
NOTE some key features of theories that are important to understand from this description:
Answer:
B. Theories aren't likely to change. They have so much support and are able to explain satisfactorily so many observations, that they are not likely to change. Theories can, indeed, be facts. Theories can change, but it is a long and difficult process. In order for a theory to change, there must be many observations or evidence that the theory cannot explain.
Explanation:
From the passage or description of the word scientific theory, it was concluded that:
1. Theory is a scientific explanations, well defined or established that now new evidence will change them
2. Theory may change or their interpretation may change, but not the facts that are well determined in the theory.
3. Theory can be used to predict unobserved situation or phenomenon based on the facts well established by the theory.
4. Theory in scientific terms is different from general usage of the term.
As theory in science explaexplainsin well defined facts, while the general usage are often times mean hunch or speculation.
6) The problem created by asymmetric information before the transaction occurs is called ________, while the problem created after the transaction occurs is called ________.
Answer:
Adverse selection; Moral hazard
Explanation:
Asymmetric information refers to a situation in which one person have more information about the other person while engage in a transaction.
Suppose there are a buyer and a seller in a insurance market. In this market, a buyer have more information than the insurance seller because he knows better about his health condition and how much he is involved in riskier activities. Therefore, this problem is known as adverse selection.
Moral hazard refers to a problem which occurs after the transaction has occured. It occurs when someone try to engage in riskier activities because he or she knows that other party bears the burden of cost if there is anything goes wrong.
Adverse selection occurs before a transaction due to asymmetric information leading to one party leveraging its benefit unfairly, while moral hazard happens post-transaction when behavior cannot be effectively monitored. Both problems illustrate how imperfect information can cause market inefficiencies.
The problem created by asymmetric information before the transaction occurs is called adverse selection, while the problem created after the transaction occurs is called moral hazard.
Adverse selection refers to situations where asymmetric information makes it difficult for parties to enter into mutually beneficial transactions. This is because one party leverages its informational advantage to the detriment of the other. An example of adverse selection can be seen in the market for used cars, where sellers know more about the cars' condition than buyers do, potentially leading to a market where only lower-quality cars are sold. On the other hand, moral hazard arises after the transaction has taken place and is related to one party's inability to monitor the other's behavior or effort accurately. This can lead to one party taking more risks at the expense of the other.
These concepts outline how asymmetric information can lead to market failures, affecting both the users and providers of insurance as a classical example, but they also apply broadly across many market transactions.
At a particular college, 72% of all students are receiving some kind of financial aid. The school newspaper selects a random sample of 100 students and 78% of the respondents say they are receiving some sort of financial aid. Which of the following is true?
Answer: 78% is a parameter and 72% is a statistics
Explanation: Parameters are numbers that summarize data for an entire population while, statistics are numbers that summarize data from a sample. Furthermore, it should be noted that the difference between a statistic and a parameter is that statistics describe a sample while a parameter describes an entire population.
In the scenario above, 78% is a parameter and 72% is a statistics
Select the FALSE statement from below: A. Asking for participant feedback may cause a session to end on a negative note. Therefore, you should avoid asking for feedback. B. Forming partnerships with other organizations or getting sponsorship from the business community can help defray some of the expenses for supplies, materials, and refreshments. C. Taking photographs of preparedness sessions may be useful for promoting future sessions. Remember, you should get releases from individuals before publishing the photographs. D. Working with faith-based organizations, libraries, civic associations, schools, or government office buildings may help you locate space for hosting the sessions.
Answer:
A. Asking for participant feedback may cause a session to end on a negative note. Therefore, you should avoid asking for feedback.
Explanation:
Experiences are not the same, which is why, after any event, program or workshop, it’s important to gather feedback from as much participants as you possibly can. This will make sure that you are receiving the most valuable and helpful feedback, it should be noted that asking for participant feedback can never cause a session to end on negative note, in face it would give you some positive note to work on for other events.
A 62-year-old female client with severe depression and psychotic symptoms is scheduled for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) tomorrow morning. The client's daughter asks the nurse, "How painful will the treatment be for Mom?" The nurse should respond by saying which of the following?1. "Your mother will be given something for pain before the treatment."2. "The physician will make sure your mother doesn't suffer needlessly."3. "Your mother will be asleep during the treatment and will not be in pain."4. "Your mother will be able talk to us and tell us if she's in pain."
Answer:
3. "Your mother will be asleep during the treatment and will not be in pain."
Explanation:
The nurse is supposed to enlighten him that ECT is a safe treatment and that his mom will be given an ultra- short-acting anesthetic to make her sleep before ECT and a drug to relax her muscle just to prevent musculoskeletal complications during the seizures, which normally lasts between thirty to sisty seconds to be therapeutic.
Atropine will be given prior to the ECT to inhibit salivation and respiratory tract secretions and in that way reduce the risk of aspiration. The daughter should also be assured that the physician will make sure that the client does not suffer needlessly in providing accurate information about ECT.
The response that the nurse is supposed to say to the clients daughter should be Your mother will be asleep during the treatment and will not be in pain.
The answer to this question is option 3. The reason why this is the best answer is because of the nature of treatment that the client is to have.
An ECT is a medical procedure that is done after the patient is under general anesthesia. The patient would receive medications that are going to put her in a sleep like state.
She would be in an unconscious state and so she would not feel any forms of pains as it is being done
Electricity would then be induced into the brain of the patient in order to manage the depression.
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Plato's distrust of the ability of ordinary citizens to make political choices that were unswayed by irrational emotional appeals and illogical arguments was inspired by _______.
Answer:
the death of Socrates
Explanation:
Plato's distrust of the ability of ordinary citizens to make political choices that were unswayed by irrational emotional appeals and illogical arguments was inspired by the death of Socrates. Socrates was executed in Athens in 399 BCE and his death caused his student Plato to abandon his literary ambitions and instead devote his live to philosophy.
Christine has recently hired Wanda, Ming, and Jasmine for a consulting position in her firm. Not only did Jasmine attend the same college but they were also in the same sorority, but several years apart. Christine is very excited about Jasmine joining the team and has told her that she knows someone with her background will move up the ladder quickly. According to the Pygmalion effect theory, which is the most likely outcome in this situation?
Answer:
Jasmine will succeed because Christine's expectations can form self-fulfilling prophecy.
Explanation:
Self-fulfilling prophecy is a result of the Pygmalion effect. According to this theory, we are influenced by other people's expectations of us. If people believe we will succeed, we too begin to believe we will succeed. For that reason, we change our behavior, aligning it with the belief, making a self-fulfilling prophecy out of it. Therefore, according to the Pygmalion effect theory, Jasmine will succeed because Christine believes she will. Jasmine's performance will be influenced by Christine's expectations.
True or false? Have your content reviewers make edits directly to your content as opposed to tracking changes because it makes the editing process quicker and more efficient.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Content reviewers should track changes, rather than making edits directly.
This is because, review is the term that describes the action of reviewing the points covered about the content of a certain thing (written, filmed, etc.) in order that the changes are made by the author and with the common agreement between the reviewer and the author . The revision must be made so that possible errors, failures, contradictions and discrepancies are highlighted so that the editing can be done later, with the adoption of the editing suggestions.
Two similar rodent species are consistently more different from each other when they occupy the same habitat than when they live separately. What is the most likely explanation for the increased divergence when they live together
Answer:
Character displacement & Evolution by natural selection
Explanation:
Character displacement is the name used to illustrate an evolutionary change that happens when two related or similar species inhabit the same environment. Under this type of conditions, natural selection supports a divergence in the characters--morphology, behavior, ecology, or physiology--of the living organisms.
While natural selection refers to the differential survival and reproduction of species in an environment due to differences in phenotype. It is a vital mechanism of evolution, the change in the genetic traits and characteristic of a population over several generations.
Charles was studying symbolic interactionism in his sociology class. Charles was surprised to find that sociologists who take this viewpoint think that having love as the central reason for people to get married __________.
Answer:
actually may cause a weakening of the marriage
Explanation:
Symbolic interactionism: In sociology, the term "symbolic interactionism" is described as a phenomenon that is focused on the exquisite relationship among different individuals or persons in a specific society. A researcher who is engaged in applying "symbolic-interactionist" thinking-pattern sees the specific interaction pattern between different people. However, it also involves "one-to-one" interaction.
In the question above, the given statement signifies that according to the symbolic interactionist viewpoint an individual who is engaged in love marriage often experience weakening in the bond of marriage.
A particular student wants to do well in school, but never seems to be able to earn higher than a "D." In pursuit of academic success, the student begins to cheat on exams. This is most consistent with which form of adaptation in Merton’s Strain theory?
Answer:
It is most consistent with Innovation theory of adaptation.
Explanation:
According to Marton's Strain theory, innovation is a way in which a person uses not approved or non conventional means in order to achieve their goals. In this case this student's is cheating in orden to have better grades in his exams.
Strain thoery says that people are more likely to comete a crime, when there are not legitimate opportunities for people to achieve social goals.
When Maria comes home from work she finds that her yard has been mowed and trimmed. An hour later a man comes to her door to collect payment for the yard work. Maria refuses to pay him because she has never seen him before nor had she hired him to do the work. Which of the following is accurate?
Maria would not have to pay anything
Answer: D. Maria would not have to pay anything
Explanation:
Maria would not have to pay anything because this does not fall under the terms of a QUASI CONTRACT as she did not gain unjustified enrichment.
In a QUASI contract, the main bone of contention is the ACCEPTANCE of a service but not the AGREEMENT of terms which can lead to unjust enrichment. In other words, if you ACCEPT a service but did not request it, you still have to pay.
Maria in this case neither requested NOR ACCEPTED the service and so she does not have to pay.
When Jarid is teaching his social psychology class, he emphasizes that the field must encompass a range of research techniques and cultural perspectives if it is to flourish. Jarid’s emphasis reflects a(n)
Answer: Pluralistic orientation
Explanation:
Pluralistic orientation is defined as measure used for analyzing temperament and skill that is required by a person in a diverse society. Development and living of people are based on different nature,culture, language etc.
According to the question, Jarid's teaching is depicting about pluralistic orientation.He is emphasizing about various cultural approach and methods used for diverse society.
The question of jurisdiction of U.S. law over acts committed outside the territorial limits of the country has been settled by the courts through application of a long-established principle of international law called the:_______________.
Answer:
Principle of Nationality.
Explanation:
Nationality principle entails the power a state has to punish its citizen or national over an offence committed in another state. Through this principle, a state can exercise jurisdiction over its citizens even when they are not within the confines of the state. For instance, an English national can be prosecuted in the United States for a murder committed. Nationality Principle helps to resolve the issue of the jurisdiction where conflicts arise on territorial jurisdiction.
It empowers a state to punish its citizen who committed an offence even when the act has not termed it an offence in the state it was committed.
Goals that are so big, inspiring, and outside the prevailing paradigm that they hit people in the gut and shift their thinking are called ______ goals.
Answer:
Goals that are so big, inspiring, and outside the prevailing paradigm that they hit people in the gut and shift their thinking are called big hairy audacious goals.
Explanation:
In the field of business, a big hairy audacious can be described as a compelling goal for which an organization must strive. Big hairy audacious goals tend to excite and energize people in an appropriate way.
Big hairy audacious goals tends to compel workers of an organization to pull together and perform tasks for achieving the bigger goal.
Big hairy audacious goals have the capability to change the thinking of the workers and force them to wok hard and achieve the inspiring goals.
Goals that vastly inspire and prompt a shift in thinking are referred to as moonshot or stretch goals. They contrast with less effective, vague goals and emphasize the importance of setting specific, challenging, but achievable targets.
Explanation:Goals that are so big, inspiring, and outside the prevailing paradigm that they hit people in the gut and shift their thinking are often referred to as moonshot goals or stretch goals. These are the kind of ambitions that go beyond incremental improvements and aim for transformative change. Research by Locke & Latham (2006) has found that groups are more effective when they set specific, difficult, yet attainable goals, such as "improve sales by 10% over the next six months" as opposed to vague ambitions like "let's sell as much as we can!".
Moonshot or stretch goals aspire to achieve something that may seem nearly impossible at the time, challenging a group's most foundational ideas, ideals, and values. This is in contrast to abstract idea words like "dream," "love," or "curiosity," which are intangible and cannot be directly experienced through the five senses. The idea of setting concrete goals is further reinforced with the notion that "A goal unwritten is just a good idea," emphasizing the importance of committing goals to writing to turn them into tangible expectations.
Many at the continental congress were skeptical of allowing presidents to be directly elected by the legislature because ________.
Answer:
they feared that it would created opportunities for corruption in the administration.Explanation:
The Continental Congress was a convention comprised of delegates who represented the first 13 American colonies during the time of American Revolution. It also addressed itself as the provisional government of the 13 colonies and controlled the whole administration until the 'Declaration of Independence' was signed on 4th July, 1776.Many members of the Continental Congress were, however, skeptical of allowing presidents to be directly elected by the legislature as provided in the Articles of Confederation. They feared that this provision would create opportunities for corruption in the administration system.Many at the Continental Congress were skeptical of allowing presidents to be directly elected by the legislature due to concerns about power concentration, corruption, and the weaknesses of an electoral college. They also worried about subjecting the commander-in-chief to public scrutiny.
Explanation:Many at the Continental Congress were skeptical of allowing presidents to be directly elected by the legislature because they were worried about giving the legislature too much power, they feared the opportunities created for corruption, and they knew the weaknesses of an electoral college. Pennsylvania's James Wilson, who had proposed the direct election of the president, faced rejection, and his suggestion of electors chosen throughout the nation gained ground. Delegates also worried about subjecting the commander-in-chief to public scrutiny. The framers of the Constitution aimed to strike a balance between granting the president power while avoiding potential abuses.
Scarlett finds that she needs more than the 8 hours of sleep recommended for adults. If she gets less than 10 hours of sleep per night, she has difficulty concentrating, is forgetful, has problems driving, and cannot work effectively. Scarlett would most likely be diagnosed with:
Answer:
The answer is hypersomnolence.
Explanation:
Hypersomnolence is a condition in which a person experiences a sense of sleepiness or exhaustion, even when they had the recommended amount of sleep time (around seven hours).
This disorder can affect a person's life in area such as school or the workplace. The symptoms usually appear in adolescence, and they have been linked to stress and other disorders like depression. Hypersomnia is often treated with stimulants (e.g. amphetamine).
Sarah is a toddler who weighs far less than other children her age. When her parents sought medical help, they discovered Sarah has a problem with her intestines so that she doesn't absorb food. Sarah's condition is:________.
a. categorized as organic failure to thrive.
b. an example of intestinal dwarfism.
c. known as nonorganic failure to thrive.
d. the result of Munchausen's syndrome by proxy.
Answer: Option(a) is correct
Explanation:
Organic failure to thrive(FTT) is the metabolism medical disorder that is present in a person from the time of birth. It can cause malabsorption, metabolism problem, etc.
According to the question,Sarah's problem of weighting less than other children of her age and malabsorption of food describe about organic failure to thrive.
Other options are incorrect because interstitial dwarfism, Munchhausen's syndrome through [proxy or non-organic failure is not depicted through Sarah's state.Thus, the correct option is option(a).
A kindergartner, nervous because he is about to attend his first day of school, receives advice from his older sister (who is in the sixth grade) about how to act. This is an example of __________.
Answer:
socialization
Explanation:
Socialization refers to a mechanism that presents the social norms and customs to people belonging the society. It helps the members of a society to adapt to it effectively and therefore helps to stabilize society. Social institutions like family, friends, teachers, religious leaders, etc all play significant roles within the process of socialization of an individual. A per the question, older sisters guides her younger system about the social environment of school and therefore helps in her socialization process.