Answer:
The limiting reactant can be described as the substance that is depleted first and stops
Explanation:
Imagine you have hydrogen and oxygen to produce water.
The reaction is: 2H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2H₂O(g)
You have 1 mol of each reactant. As you see ratio is 2:1, so the limiting reactant is the hydrogen.
You know by stoichiometry, that 2 moles of H₂ need 1 mol of O₂ to react
If I have 1 mol of H₂, I will need the half of moles of O₂, so 0.5 moles. It is ok because I have 1 mole, as I need the half, then half a mole will remain unreacted. This is what is called excess reagent,
If I make to react 1 mol of oxgen I need 2 moles of H₂. As I have 1 mol, of course I will need 2 moles but the thing is I have 1 mol.
This is the limiting reactant. I do not have enough of reactant so the reaction will happen until I complete to use it, that's why we can say that is depleted first and stops.
In a chemical reaction, when you have data of both reactants you can determine the limiting. Otherwise the excersise must tell that one ractant is in excess, to work with the limiting. Limiting reactant is the first step to work with the reaction, all the operations must be done by it. You do not use the reagent in excess
5. Explain in your own words what the author means when he says that “on a molecular level, no one compound is grosser than any other.”
On a molecular level, the author means that no compound is grosser than any other, as all compounds are made up of the same fundamental building blocks: atoms and molecules.
Explanation:The author means that, on a molecular level, no one compound is inherently more disgusting or repulsive than another. This statement suggests that all compounds, regardless of their odor, appearance, or taste, are made up of the same fundamental building blocks: atoms and molecules. For example, two compounds may have different smells, but they are both composed of the same elements and bond together in similar ways. So, while certain compounds may be perceived as gross or unpleasant to our senses, from a molecular standpoint, they are all equally fascinating and interconnected.
Consider a culture medium on which only gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus colonies can grow due to an elevated NaCl level. A yellow halo surrounds the growth, indicating the bacterium fermented a sugar in the medium, decreasing the pH as a result and changing the color of a pH indicator chemical. This type
Explanation:
Selective media allow specific types of organisms to develop, and inhibit the development of different living beings. The selectivity is cultivated in a few ways.For model, living beings that can use a given sugar are handily screened by making that sugar the main carbon source in the medium. On the other hand,selective hindrance of certain sorts of microorganisms can be accomplished by adding dyes, anti-infection agents, salts or explicit inhibitors which influence the digestion or enzyme systems of the living beingsDifferential media are utilized to separate firmly related life forms or groups of living beings. owing to the pre of specific colors or synthetic compounds in the media, the creatures will deliver trademark changes or development designs that are utilized for ID or separation. An assortment of particular and differential media are utilized in clinical, demonstrative and water contamination research facilities, and in food and dairy laboratoriesSelective media because elevated NaCI level is designed to help grow selective bacteria.differential media because the fermented sugar gives off a yellow halo which allows for differentiate between bacteriaGenerally speaking, elements with high electronegativities are 1. nonmetals. 2. likely to form anions (except the noble gases). 3. All of these 4. easily reduced (except the noble gases).
Answer:
1. Nonmetals.
2. Likely to form anions (except the noble gases).
3. All of these
4. Easily reduced (except the noble gases).
Explanation:
Elements with high electronegativities are found towards the upper right corner of the Periodic Table. Thus, they have all the above properties.
Nonmetals.
Likely to form anions (except the noble gases).
All of these
Easily reduced (except the noble gases).
electronegativity can be regarded as chemical property that is been possessed by an element which gives description of the tendency that the atom or a functional group of that elements have to attract electrons toward itself. All electronegative elements posses the tendency which gives the enablement to form anions only although Noble gases are excepted from thisFluorine can be regarded as the most electronegative element electronegative elements are regarded as non-metals , such as Chlorine, Oxygen, Fluorine and otherselectronegative elements can be reduced easily during redox reactionIn the periodic table , Electronegativities of this elements tends to experience increase from left to right across.Therefore, Electronegative elements are known to be non-metals.
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When an electron moves from a higher energy level in an atom to a lower energy level, a. a redshifted spectrum is emitted. b. a photon is absorbed. c. a photon is emitted. d. a continuous spectrum is emitted.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The question asks to know what happens when an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level.
Firstly, it is important to note that when an electron moves from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, energy is absorbed by the atom. Conversely, when an electron moves from a region of higher energy to a region of lower energy, energy is released by the atom.
Thus we can say that the movement of an electron from a region of higher energy to a region of lower energy can result in the emission of a photon of light as energy is released by the atom
In electron energy transition when an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower one in an atom, it emits a photon. This is because the electron discards the excess energy it no longer needs when it shifts to a less energetic state. These energy releases as photons create atomic spectral lines that help astronomers identify certain elements in the universe.
This physics-related query pertains to the behavior of electrons in electromagnetic radiation, which can be best understood through photons -- particles of light. When an electron goes from a higher energy level to a lower one within an atom, option (c) - a photon is emitted is accurate. This movement signifies that an electron is transmitting energy, which happens in the form of a photon.
In a higher energy state, the electron has more energy than it requires to maintain its 'orbit' around the nucleus of the atom. Consequently, when it descends to a lower energy level, the reduction in energy gets emitted as a photon. The different energy levels in an atom correspond to certain fixed amounts of energy; as such, the energy difference between the higher and lower levels translates into a photon of a specific frequency. This entire process forms the basis of atomic spectral lines, that aid astronomers in determining the elements present in a celestial body.
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Which aqueous solution of KI freezes at the lowest temperature?
a. 1 mol of KI in 500. g of water
b. 2 mol of KI in 500. g of water
c. 1 mol of KI in 1000. g of water
d. 2 mol of KI in 1000. g of water
Answer:
b. 2 mol of KI in 500. g of water
Explanation:
We have to apply the colligative property of freezing point depression.
The formula is: ΔT = Kf . m . i
As the (Kf . m . i) is higher, then the freezing temperature will be lower.
i refers to the Van't Hoff factor (number of ions dissolved in the solution)
KI → K⁺ + I⁻ (i =2)
Kf is constant so, we have to search for the highest m (molality)
Molality means the moles of solute in 1kg of solvent.
The highest m is option b → 2 mol of KI / 0.5 kg = 4 mol/kg
a. 1 mol of KI / 0.5 kg = 2 mol/kg
c. 1 mol of KI / 1kg = 1 mol/kg
d. 2 mol of KI / 1kg = 2 mol/kg
1000 g = 1kg. In order to determine molality we need to convert the mass (g) of solvent to kg
Draw the major organic product formed when the compound shown below undergoes a reaction with hno3 and h2so4.
Answer:
The solution is shown in the attached image to this answer.
Explanation:
The first attached image is the complete question.
The second attached image is the solution to the question.
The major organic product formed when the compound undergoes a reaction with HNO3 and H2SO4 is the corresponding nitro compound, specifically 2-nitrobenzoic acid.
When the given compound reacts with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), it undergoes a nitration reaction. This reaction results in the substitution of a nitro group (-NO2) at the meta position (position 2) of the benzene ring, yielding 2-nitrobenzoic acid as the major product.
The concentrated sulfuric acid serves as a catalyst and helps in the generation of the nitronium ion (NO2+), which is the electrophile responsible for attacking the benzene ring. The nitro group is introduced as a substituent on the aromatic ring, and the carboxylic acid group (-COOH) remains intact. Overall, this reaction is a common method for introducing nitro groups onto aromatic rings and is widely used in organic synthesis for the preparation of various nitroaromatic compounds.
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When one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms, a ______ bond is formed.
Answer: covalent bond
Explanation:
An ionic bond is formed when an element completely transfers its valence electron to another element. The element which donates the electron is known as electropositive element or the metal and the element which accepts the electrons is known as electronegative element or non metal. Example: [tex]NaCl[/tex]
A covalent bond is formed when an element shares its valence electron with another element. This bond is formed between two non metals. Example: [tex]F_2[/tex] which is formed by sharing of one electron each from flourine atom.
A covalent bond is formed when one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms. This bond helps the atoms to complete their valence shell. Multiple pairs of electrons can also be shared, resulting in double and triple bonds.
When one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms, a covalent bond is formed. This type of bond is a strong one that can be formed between two atoms of the same or different elements. The sharing of electrons fulfills each atom's need to complete its valence shell, or outer ring of electrons.
For example, hydrogen gas (H-H) is an instance of a single covalent bond where two atoms of hydrogen each share their solitary electron.
Further, it is important to note that more than one pair of electrons can be shared between a pair of atoms, leading to what we call double and triple bonds. For instance, in formaldehyde (CH₂O), a double bond forms as two pairs of electrons are shared between the carbon and oxygen atoms.
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The percentage of water vapor present in the air compared to that required for saturation is the ____. a. mixing ratio b. relative humidity c. dew point d. absolute humidity
Answer:
B. Relative Humidity
A certain amount of chlorine gas was placed inside a cylinder with a movable piston at one end. The initial volume was 3.00 L and the initial pressure of chlorine was 1.85 atm . The piston was pushed down to change the volume to 1.00 L. Calculate the final pressure of the gas if the temperature and number of moles of chlorine remain constant
Answer:
P₂ = 5.55 atm
Explanation:
Mathematically, Boyle's law can be stated as:
[tex]{\displaystyle P\propto {\frac {1}{V}}}[/tex]
Pressure is inversely proportional to the volume
[tex]{\displaystyle PV=k}[/tex] Pressure multiplied by volume equals some constant [tex]{\displaystyle k}[/tex]
where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, and k is a constant.
The equation states that the product of pressure and volume is a constant for a given mass of confined gas and this holds as long as the temperature is constant. For comparing the same substance under two different sets of conditions, the law can be usefully expressed as:
[tex]{\displaystyle P_{1}V_{1}=P_{2}V_{2}[/tex]
The final pressure of a gas is calculated using Bolyes law formula
that is P1V1 =P2V2
Because the temperature and number of moles remained constant, we can use the formula
P₁V₁=P₂V₂
3.00 L * 1.85 atm = P₂ * 1.00 L
P₂ = 5.55 atm
We observe a distant object in space and see that the spectral lines for hydrogen in the object's light appear at a shorter wavelength than normal. What does this tell us about the object
Answer:
This tells us the radial velocity of the object and that the object is approaching or coming towards us.
Explanation:
Certain chemicals radiate with particular wavelengths or colors when their temperature is raised or when they are charged electrically. Also observable are dark strokes separating the spectrum known as absorption lines
These spectral lines of chemicals are well known as stated above and from the phenomenon of Doppler effect, spectroscopy can be used to detect the movement of a distant object by the change of the emitted frequency of the wavelength
The Doppler effect is used in calculating the radial velocity of a distant object due to the fact that an approaching object compresses its emitted signal wavelength while a receding object has a longer wavelength than normal
Suppose a group of volunteers is planning to build a park near a local lake. The lake is known to contain low levels of arsenic (As). Therefore, prior to starting construction, the group decides to measure the current level of arsenic in the lake.A) If a 15.7 cm3 sample of lake water is found to have 164.5 ng As, what is the concentration of arsenic in the sample in parts per billion (ppb), assuming that the density of the lake water is 1.00 g/cm3?
B) Calculate the total mass (in kg) of arsenic in the lake that the company will have to remove if the total volume of water in the lake is 0.710 km3?
C) Based on the company\'s claim and the concentration of arsenic in the lake, how many years will it take to remove all of the arsenic from the lake, assuming that there are always 365 days in a year?
A) 10.75 is the concentration of arsenic in the sample in parts per billion .
B) 7,633.66 kg the total mass of arsenic in the lake that the company have to remove.
C)It will take 1.37 years to remove all of the arsenic from the lake.
Explanation:
A) Mass of arsenic in lake water sample = 164.5 ng
The ppb is the amount of solute (in micrograms) present in kilogram of a solvent. It is also known as parts-per million.
To calculate the ppm of oxygen in sea water, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{ppb}=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{Mass of solution}}\times 10^9[/tex]
Both the masses are in grams.
We are given:
Mass of arsenic = 164.5 ng = [tex]164.5\times 10^{-9} g[/tex]
[tex]1 ng=10^{-9} g[/tex]
Volume of the sample = V = [tex]15.3 cm^3[/tex]
Density of the lake water sample ,d= [tex]1.00 g/cm^3[/tex]
Mass of sample = M = [tex]d\times V=1.0 g/cm^3\times 15.3 cm^3=15.3 g[/tex]
[tex]ppb=\frac{164.5\times 10^{-9} g}{15.3 g}\times 10^9=10.75[/tex]
10.75 is the concentration of arsenic in the sample in parts per billion.
B)
Mass of arsenic in [tex]1 cm^3[/tex] of lake water = [tex]\frac{164.5\times 10^{-9} g}{15.3}=1.075\times 10^{-8} g[/tex]
Mass of arsenic in [tex]0.710 km^3[/tex] lake water be m.
[tex]1 km^3=10^{15} cm^3[/tex]
Mass of arsenic in [tex]0.710\times 10^{15} cm^3[/tex] lake water :
[tex]m=0.710\times 10^{15}\times 1.075\times 10^{-8} g=7,633,660.130 g[/tex]
1 g = 0.001 kg
7,633,660.130 g = 7,633,660.130 × 0.001 kg=7,633.660130 kg ≈ 7,633.66 kg
7,633.66 kg the total mass of arsenic in the lake that the company have to remove.
C)
Company claims that it takes 2.74 days to remove 41.90 kilogram of arsenic from lake water.
Days required to remove 1 kilogram of arsenic from the lake water :
[tex]\frac{2.74}{41.90} days[/tex]
Then days required to remove 7,633.66 kg of arsenic from the lake water :
[tex]=7,633.66\times \frac{2.74}{41.90} days=499.19 days[/tex]
1 year = 365 days
499.19 days = [tex]\frac{499.19}{365} years = 1.367 years\approx 1.37 years[/tex]
C)
Company claims that it takes 2.74 days to remove 41.90 kilogram of arsenic from lake water.
Days required to remove 1 kilogram of arsenic from the lake water :
[tex]\frac{2.74}{41.90} days[/tex]
Then days required to remove 7,633.66 kg of arsenic from the lake water :
[tex]=7,633.66\times \frac{2.74}{41.90} days=499.19 days[/tex]
1 year = 365 days
499.19 days = [tex]\frac{499.19}{365} years = 1.367 years\approx 1.37 years[/tex]
It will take 1.37 years to remove all of the arsenic from the lake.
The concentration of arsenic in the lake water sample is 10.5 ppb. The total mass of arsenic in the entire lake is 7445 kg. However, the time required to remove all arsenic from the lake cannot be calculated as the daily removal rate is not specified.
Explanation:To compute the concentration of arsenic in the sample in parts per billion (ppb), we first need to convert the mass of arsenic from ng to g. This gives us 164.5 ng x 10^-9 = 1.645 x 10^-7 g. Given that the density of the water is 1 g/cm^3 = 1 g/mL, a sample of 15.7 cm^3 would weigh 15.7 g. so, the concentration in ppb would be: (1.645 x 10^-7 g / 15.7 g) x 10^9 = 10.5 ppb.
Next, to find the total mass of arsenic in the whole lake, first convert the volume of the lake to cm^3. 0.710 km^3 = 0.710 x 10^15 cm^3. Using the concentration we found earlier, the total mass of arsenic (in g and then in kg) is (10.5 ppb x 0.710 x 10^15 g) x 10^-9 = 7445 kg of arsenic.
Finally, the time to remove all of the arsenic will depend on how much arsenic the company can remove per day, which is not mentioned in the problem. Thus, we can't calculate it based on the information given.
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If 1 10 liter sample of O2 gas at 300 kelvin and 0.5 atmosphere of pressure contains 5.0 x 10^22 molecules ....... how many molecules would a 10 liter sample of H2 have if it was at the same temperature and pressure as the oxygen remember that hydrogens are 1/16th the size of oxygen
Answer:
Explanation:
The detailed steps and calculations is as shown in the attached file.
Answer:
Number of molecules of H2=4.5454375x[tex]10^{21}[/tex]
Explanation
Given:
P1=P2=0.5 atmosphere=0.505x[tex]10^{5}[/tex]pa
T1=T2=300k
V1=10 liters of O2
N=5.0x[tex]10^{22}[/tex] molecules
10 liters of H2
V2=? liters of O2
H2=1/16 of O2
Procedure:
for every liter of H2, there are 16 liters of O2 since H2=1/16 of O2,
Therefore, 10 liters of H2= 160 liters of O2 i.e.
V2=160 liters of O2.
Applying ideal gas equation,
VP=NkT :where P is pressure, V is volume, N is number of molecules, T is temperature in kelvin and k is Boltzman constant=1.38X[tex]10^{-23}[/tex]J/K.
considering change in volume of O2, N can be calculated as follows:
V1P1=N1kT1..................................(1)
V2P2=N2kT2...............................(2)
dividing (2) by (1)
V2P2/V1P1=N2kT2/N1kT1
but P1=P2 and T1=T2 since they remain the same, they cancel out.
∵ V2/V1=N2/N1
substituting values, we have
160/110=N2/5.0x[tex]10^{22}[/tex]
N2=1.4545x5.0x[tex]10^{22}[/tex] =7.2727x[tex]10^{22}[/tex] molecules of O2
Recall that
N2 of H2=1/16 of N2 of O2
∵Number of molecules of H2=1/16 of 7.2727x[tex]10^{22}[/tex]
=4.5454x[tex]10^{21}[/tex]
Number of molecules of H2=4.5454375x[tex]10^{21}[/tex]
A compound was determined to have the simplest formula CH2. If the molecular weight of the compound is 70 u, what is the molecular formula of the compound? 1. C5H10 2. C10H5 3. C4H22 4. C4H8
Answer:
The answer to your question is letter A
Explanation:
Data
Empirical formula CH₂
Molecular weight = 70 u
Process
1.- Calculate the molecular weight of the empirical formula (CH₂)
CH₂ = (12 x 1) + (1 x 2) = 12 + 2 = 14 g
2.- Divide the molecular weight by the molecular weight of the empirical formula
70/14 = 5
3.- Write the empirical formula
5(C₁H₂) = C₅H₁₀
1. C₅H₁₀
Given:
Empirical formula = CH₂
Molecular weight = 70 u
To find Molecular formula of the compound:
1.- Calculate the molecular weight of the empirical formula (CH₂)
CH₂ = [tex](12 * 1)+(1*2)=12+2=14 u[/tex]
(As molecular weight of C=12u and H= 1u)
2.- Divide the molecular weight by the molecular weight of the empirical formula
[tex]\frac{\text{Molecular weight}}{\text{ Molecular weight of Empirical formula}} = \frac{70}{14} =5[/tex]
3.- Write the empirical formula
5(C₁H₂) = C₅H₁₀
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Our best evidence and theoretical calculations indicate that the solar system began with a giant spinning system of gas and dust that scientists call __________.
Answer:
Solar nebula
Explanation:
The theory of the origin of the solar system emanates from the believe that a dense giant spinning cloud of dust condensed to produce our solar system.
This cloud of dust is called the solar nebula.
The solar nebula is a gaseous cloud of dust. It is made up of very tiny particles that were constantly spinning around one another. This cloud was postulated to have formed the solar system we have now.Suppose a small island is home to two troops of monkeys. Every year, a certain fraction of each troop of monkeys are killed by predators. Every summer, each surviving pair of monkeys has one child. In this simplified model, the monkey population would look something like this:
Troop #1: Troop #2:
Year Season Number of
Monkeys
1 Spring 7
Summer 10
2 Spring 8
Summer 12
3 Spring 9
Summer 13
4 Spring 10
Summer 15
Year Season Number of
Monkeys
1 Spring 7
Summer 10
2 Spring 9
Summer 13
3 Spring 11
Summer 16
4 Spring 14
Summer 21
The first troop spends more time on the ground. The second troop spends more time in the trees.
Compare the sizes of the two monkey troops through time. Which of the following statements about the monkey troops is true?
A.
Because members of the first troop were better able to avoid predators, more of them were able to reproduce.
B.
Because members of the first troop were better able to reproduce, more of them were able to avoid predators.
C.
Because members of the second troop were better able to reproduce, more of them were able to avoid predators.
D.
Because members of the second troop were better able to avoid predators, more of them were able to reproduce.
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Answer:
D) Because members of the second troop were better able to avoid predators, more of them were able to reproduce
In an ecosystem, because members of the second troop were better able to avoid predators, more of them were able to reproduce.
What is an ecosystem?Ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.
Energy enters the system through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system .Living organisms also influence the quantity of biomass present.By decomposition of dead plants and animals by microbes nutrients are released back in to the soil.
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Nalorphine (c19h21no3), a relative of morphine, is used to combat withdrawal symptoms in narcotics users. how many grams of a 1.3 x 10-3 m aqueous solution of nalorphine are needed to obtain a dose of 1.5 mg?
Answer:
3.7g
Explanation:
First we calculate the molar mass of the drug. Secondly, we now obtain the mass of the drug solution required at the given concentration to obtain a 1.5 milligram dose of the drug. The substitution is now properly done and the mass is obtained as 3.7g of the nalorphine drug which is a relative or morphine used to combat withdrawal symptoms in narcotic users.
The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of hexane is:2C6H14(g) + 19O2(g) The balanced chemical equation for the combustion 12CO2(g) + 14H2O(g)Answer the question in Part 1 through Part 3, if the rate of reaction of C6H14 is 1.43 mol L-1s-1. The rate of reaction of C6H14 is the rate of disappeareance of C6H14.1. What was the rate of formation of CO2?2. What was the rate of formation of H2O?3. What is the rate of reaction of O2?
Answer:
The rate of formation of CO2 = 1.43 mol L-1s-1.
The rate of formation of H2O = 1.43 mol L-1s-1.
The rate of reaction of O2 = 1.43 mol L-1s-1.
Explanation:
2C6H14(g) + 19O2(g) -------> 12CO2(g) + 14H2O(g)
The rate of reaction of C6H14 is 1.43 mol L-1s-1.
The rate of reaction is theoretically defined as the speed of a chemical reaction. It is how fast or how slow the reactants are being used up or products are being formed.
It is the rate of change of concentration, amount etc., of any of the reactant or any of the product with time. The rate of reaction is the same and uniform for any of the products and reactants.
For a chemical reaction, A + 2B -----> 2C
r = -(dA/dt) = -(dB/dt) = (dC/dt)
Hence, the rate of reaction = rate of disappearance of C6H14 = rate of formation of CO2 = rate of formation of H2O = rate of reaction of O2 = 1.43 mol L-1s-1.
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Given that 7.25 moles of carbon monoxide gas are present in a container of volume 11.90 L, what is the pressure of the gas (in atm) if the temperature is 87°C?
Answer:17.955atm
Explanation:Pv=nrt
P= nrt/v
P= 7.25*0.08205*360/11.90
P= 214.1505/11.90
P=17.995atm
Aromatic compounds, also known as arenes or aromatics, are chemical compounds that contain conjugated planar ring systems with delocalized pi electron clouds instead of discrete alternating single and double bonds.True / False.
Answer:True
Explanation:
An aqueous potassium carbonate solution is made by dissolving 6.35 moles of K 2 CO 3 in sufficient water so that the final volume of the solution is 4.30 L . Calculate the molarity of the K 2 CO 3 solution.
Answer:
The molarity of the solution is 1,48M
Explanation:
In chemistry, molarity, M, is an unit of concentration that represent the ratio between moles of solute and volume of solvent in liters.
In the problem, the solute is potassium carbonate, K₂CO₃, and the solvent is water.
There are 6.35moles of potassium carbonate and 4.30L of water. That means molarity is:
6,35mol / 4,30L = 1,48M
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Consider a cup of coffee that has a temperature of 93 oC. Assume the mass of the coffee is 550 g and that the specific heat of coffee is about the same as the specific heat of the water. Is a 230 g ice cube (at 0 oC) a large enough ice cube to bring the temperature of the coffee to 23 oC?
Answer:
The answer to your question is No, is not enough
Explanation:
I attached the problem because it says that my answer has bad words.
Liquid nitrogen trichloride is heated in a 1.25−L closed reaction vessel until it decomposes completely to gaseous elements. The resulting mixture exerts a pressure of 773 mmHg at 86°C. What is the partial pressure of each gas in the container?
Answer:
N2= 193.25mmHg
Cl2= 579.75mmHg
Explanation:
Total number of moles=4
For N2 mole fraction=1/4
Partial pressure of N2= 1/4× 773= 193.25mmHg
For Cl2, mole fraction= 3/4
Partial pressure of Cl2= 3/4 × 773 = 579.75 mmHg
The correct partial pressures of each gas in the container are:
[tex]\[ P_{\text{N}_2} = \frac{2}{3} \times 773 \text{ mmHg} \] \[ P_{\text{Cl}_2} = \frac{1}{3} \times 773 \text{ mmHg} \][/tex]
To find the partial pressures of each gas, we use Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, which states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas. The chemical equation for the decomposition of nitrogen trichloride (NCl3) is:
[tex]\[ 2\text{NCl}_3(l) \rightarrow 2\text{N}_2(g) + 3\text{Cl}_2(g) \][/tex]
From the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, we see that 2 moles of NCl3 decompose to form 2 moles of N2 and 3 moles of Cl2. Therefore, for every mole of NCl3 that decomposes, 1 mole of N2 and 1.5 moles of Cl2 are produced. This gives us a molar ratio of N2 to Cl2 of 2:3 or, simplified, 2 parts N2 for every 3 parts Cl2, which corresponds to a ratio of 2/5 for N2 and 3/5 for Cl2 in the mixture.
Since the total pressure of the mixture is 773 mmHg, we can calculate the partial pressure of each gas by multiplying the total pressure by the respective molar ratios:
For nitrogen (N2):
[tex]\[ P_{\text{N}_2} = \frac{2}{5} \times 773 \text{ mmHg} \] \[ P_{\text{N}_2} = \frac{2}{3} \times 773 \text{ mmHg} \][/tex]
For chlorine (Cl2):
[tex]\[ P_{\text{Cl}_2} = \frac{3}{5} \times 773 \text{ mmHg} \] \[ P_{\text{Cl}_2} = \frac{1}{3} \times 773 \text{ mmHg} \][/tex]
Thus, the partial pressure of nitrogen gas (N2) is[tex]\( \frac{2}{3} \times 773 \text{ mmHg} \)[/tex] , and the partial pressure of chlorine gas (Cl2) is [tex]\( \frac{1}{3} \times 773 \text{ mmHg} \)[/tex]. These are the partial pressures of each gas in the container after the decomposition of liquid nitrogen trichloride.
Seawater density increases with increasing salinity and decreasing pressure. True or False
Answer:
FALSE
Explanation:
The density of seawater depends on certain factors such as-
Amount of salt present- The density of seawater is directly proportional to the salt concentration in the seawater. More is the amount of salt, more is the water density. Pressure- The seawater density increases with the increasing pressure. Pressure thus plays a significant role in controlling the density of seawater. The temperature of the seawater- The temperature also plays an important role, as both temperature and density of seawater are inversely proportional to each other.Thus, the above-given statement is False.
Objects with higher temperatures:________________.1. emit only shortwave radiation. 2. emit most of their energy in the form of longwave energy. 3. radiate less total energy than cooler objects radiate. 4. emit more shortwave radiation than cooler objects do.
Answer:
the awnser is 20dggrees
Explanation:
“A student in your class claims that chemical bonds and intermolecular forces are the same thing. Is this student correct? Justify your answer”
Answer:
The answer to your question is below
Explanation:
This student is wrong.
Chemical bonds are forces that hold atoms together to form a molecule or compound. These interactions are inside the molecule. Example
Ionic bond: NaCl (sodium and chlorine).
Intermolecular forces are weaker than chemical bonds and they are forces between atoms or molecules. These interactions are among different molecules.
Example
Two molecules of water interact forming hydrogen bridges.
A solution of permanganate is standardized by titration with oxalic acid (). It required 54.77 mL of the permanganate solution to react completely with 0.3577 g of oxalic acid. The unbalanced equation for the reaction is What is the molarity of the permanganate solution
Answer:
0.1814 M
Explanation:
From the balanced equation of reaction:
[tex]2MnO_4^- + 16H^+ + 5C_2H_4^{2-} --> 2Mn^{2+} + 10CO_2 + 8H_2O[/tex]
2 mole of the permanganate requires 5 moles of oxalic acid.
Mole of 0.3577 g of oxalic acid = [tex]\frac{mass}{molar mass}[/tex]
= 0.3577/90.03
=0.00397 mole
Mole of permangante that will require 0.00397 mole of oxalic acid:
= 5 x 0.00397/2
= 0.00993 mole
Molarity of permanganate = mole/volume
Volume of permanganate = 54.77 mL = 0.05477 L
Molarity = 0.00993/0.05477
= 0.1814 M
The molarity of the permangante solution is 0.1814 M
Answer:
See explanation below
Explanation:
The reaction between permanganate and oxalic acid, is a redox reaction, and this can be balance in acid medium or basic medium.
The reaction (without being balanced) is the following:
MnO₄⁻ + H₂C₂O₄ -------> Mn²⁺ + CO₂ + H₂O
Now, to get the molarity, we need to use the following expression:
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ (1)
Where:
1: permanganate
2: oxalic acid
And the moles:
n = M*V (2)
However, expression (1) is only valid when the mole ratio between the two species, is the same (or 1:1). In this case, we do not know if the mole ratio is 1:1 because the reaction is unbalanced. Once the reaction is balanced we will see the mole ratio, and then, use the expression (1) to get the concentration.
Balancing the equation using the acid medium:
MnO₄⁻ + 8H⁺ + 5e⁻ -------> Mn²⁺ + 4H₂O Reduction
H₂C₂O₄ ------------> 2CO₂ + 2e⁻ + 2H⁺ Oxidation
Equalling both equations:
(MnO₄⁻ + 8H⁺ + 5e⁻ -------> Mn²⁺ + 4H₂O) *2
(H₂C₂O₄ ------------> 2CO₂ + 2e⁻ + 2H⁺) * 5
___________________________________
2MnO₄⁻ + 16H⁺ + 10e⁻ -------> 2Mn²⁺ + 8H₂O
5H₂C₂O₄ ------------> 10CO₂ + 10e⁻ + 10H⁺
____________________________________
2MnO₄⁻ + 5H₂C₂O₄ + 6H⁺ -------> 2Mn²⁺ + 10CO₂ + 8H₂O
This is the balanced equation. According to this, we can say that the mole ratio is 2:5, therefore expression (1) becomes:
2M₁V₁ = 5M₂V₂ ---> solving for M₁:
M₁ = 5M₂V₂ / 2V₁ (3)
Now that we know the expression, and the volume required, we need to get the concentration and volume of the acid. However, we do not know that, we only know the mass. So, we have to use the moles of oxalic acid to get the concentration. So replacing (2) in (3) we have:
M₁ = 5n₂ / 2V₁ (4)
Now, to get the moles, we need the molecular weight of the oxalic acid which is:
MM = (2*1) + (2*12) + (4*16) = 90 g/mol
The moles would be:
n = 0.3577 / 90 = 0.00397 moles
Finally, the concentration of the permanganate solution:
M₁ = 5*0.00397 / 2*0.05477
M₁ = 0.1812 M
A 60g sample of tetraethyl lead, a gasoline additive, is found to contain 38.43g lead, 17.83g carbon and 3.74g hydrogen. Determine the compounds empirical formula.
Answer:
Empirical formula (which matches the molecular formula) is = PbC₈H₂₀
Explanation:
Our sample: 60 g of tetraethyl lead
In order to determine the compound empirical formula we need the centesimal composition:
(Mass of element / Total mass) . 100 =
(38.43 g lead / 60g ) . 100 = 64.05%
(17.83 g C / 60g) . 100 = 29.72%
(3.74 g H / 60g) . 100 = 6.23 %
These % are the mass of the elements in 100 g of compound. Let's find out the moles of them:
64.05 g / 207.2 g/mol = 0.309 moles
29.72 g / 12 g/mol = 2.48 moles
6.23 g/ 1 g/mol = 6.23 moles
Next, we divide the moles, by the lowest value of them (0.309)
0.309 / 0.309 = 1 mol Pb
2.48 / 0.309 = 8 mol C
6.23 / 0.309 = 20 mol H
There, we have our formula PbC₈H₂₀
Unit mass is measured in...
Answer: The kilogram is the SI unit of mass and it is the almost universally used standard mass unit.
Explanation: When we use kilograms to measure weight, we are actually referring to kgf or kilogram-force.
Write the balanced net ionic equation for the reactions that occur when the given aqueous solutions are mixed. Include the physical states. A. silver nitrate, AgNO 3 AgNO3 , and magnesium bromide, MgBr 2 MgBr2 net ionic equation: B. perchloric acid, HClO 4 HClO4 , and potassium hydroxide, KOH KOH net ionic equation: C. ammonium sulfide, ( NH 4 ) 2 S (NH4)2S , and cobalt(II) chloride, CoCl 2 CoCl2 net ionic equation:
Answer : The balanced net ionic equation for the reactions are:
(A) [tex]2Ag^{+}(aq)+2Br^{-}(aq)\rightarrow AgBr(s)[/tex]
(B) [tex]H^{+}(aq)+OH^{-}(aq)\rightarrow H_2O(l)[/tex]
(C) [tex]Co^{2+}(aq)+S^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow CoS(s)[/tex]
Explanation :
Complete ionic equation : In complete ionic equation, all the substance that are strong electrolyte and present in an aqueous are represented in the form of ions.
Net ionic equation : In the net ionic equations, we are not include the spectator ions in the equations.
Spectator ions : The ions present on reactant and product side which do not participate in a reactions. The same ions present on both the sides.
Part A :
The balanced molecular equation will be,
[tex]2AgNO_3(aq)+MgBr_2(aq)\rightarrow Mg(NO_3)_2(aq)+2AgBr(s)[/tex]
The complete ionic equation in separated aqueous solution will be,
[tex]2Ag^+(aq)+2NO_3^{-}(aq)+Mg^{2+}(aq)+2Br^{-}(aq)\rightarrow Mg^{2+}(aq)+2NO_3^{-}(aq)+2AgBr(s)[/tex]
In this equation the species [tex]Mg^{2+}\text{ and }NO_3^-[/tex] are the spectator ions.
By removing the spectator ions from the balanced ionic equation, we get the net ionic equation.
The net ionic equation will be,
[tex]2Ag^{+}(aq)+2Br^{-}(aq)\rightarrow AgBr(s)[/tex]
Part B :
The balanced molecular equation will be,
[tex]HClO_4(aq)+KOH(aq)\rightarrow H_2O(l)+KClO_4(aq)[/tex]
The complete ionic equation in separated aqueous solution will be,
[tex]H^+(aq)+ClO_4^{-}(aq)+K^{+}(aq)+OH^{-}(aq)\rightarrow K^{+}(aq)+CLO_4^{-}(aq)+H_2O(l)[/tex]
In this equation the species [tex]K^{+}\text{ and }ClO_4^-[/tex] are the spectator ions.
By removing the spectator ions from the balanced ionic equation, we get the net ionic equation.
The net ionic equation will be,
[tex]H^{+}(aq)+OH^{-}(aq)\rightarrow H_2O(l)[/tex]
Part C :
The balanced molecular equation will be,
[tex](NH_4)_2S(aq)+CoCl_2(aq)\rightarrow 2NH_4Cl(aq)+CoS(s)[/tex]
The complete ionic equation in separated aqueous solution will be,
[tex]2NH_4^+(aq)+S^{2-}(aq)+Co^{2+}(aq)+2Cl^{-}(aq)\rightarrow 2NH_4^{+}(aq)+2Cl^{-}(aq)+CoS(s)[/tex]
In this equation the species [tex]NH_4^{+}\text{ and }Cl^-[/tex] are the spectator ions.
By removing the spectator ions from the balanced ionic equation, we get the net ionic equation.
The net ionic equation will be,
[tex]Co^{2+}(aq)+S^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow CoS(s)[/tex]
Final answer:
The net ionic equations are: 2Ag+ + 2Br- -> 2AgBr(s); H+ + OH- -> H2O(l); Co2+ + S2- -> CoS(s).
Explanation:
The net ionic equation for the reaction between silver nitrate (AgNO3) and magnesium bromide (MgBr2) is:
2Ag+ + 2Br- -> 2AgBr(s)
The net ionic equation for the reaction between perchloric acid (HClO4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) is:
H+ + OH- -> H2O(l)
The net ionic equation for the reaction between ammonium sulfide ((NH4)2S) and cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2) is:
Co2+ + S2- -> CoS(s)
The maximum number of electrons that are possible at a given energy level depends on the number of ____ at the energy level.
Answer:
orbitalsExplanation:
Each orbital may contain a maximum of two electrons.
The energy level is the principal quantum number: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
The principal quantum number limits the kind of orbital (ℓ ) and the number of orbitals (mℓ ).
I. Principal quantum number, n = 1
Angular or orbital quantum number : ℓ = 0 ⇒ ortibal s
Magnetic quantum number: mℓ = 0
⇒ number of orbitals 1 ⇒ number of electrons: 2
II. Principal quantun number, n = 2
Angular or orbital quantum number : ℓ = 0 and 1 ⇒ ortibal s and p
Magnetic quantum number:
for ℓ: mℓ = 0: 1 s ortibal
for ℓ = 1: mℓ = -1, 0, and +1: 3 p ortitals
⇒ number of orbitals 4 ⇒ number of electrons: 8
III. Principal quantun number, n = 3
Angular or orbital quantum number : ℓ = 0, 1, and 2 ⇒ ortibal s, p and d
Magnetic quantum number:
for ℓ: mℓ = 0: 1 s ortibal
for ℓ = 1: mℓ = -1, 0, and +1: 3 p ortitals
for ℓ = 2: mℓ = -2, -1, 0, +1, and +2: 5 d ortitals
⇒ number of orbitals 9 ⇒ number of electrons: 18
IV. Principal quantun number, n = 4
Angular or orbital quantum number : ℓ = 0, 1, 2, and 3 ⇒ ortibal s, p, d and f
Magnetic quantum number:
for ℓ: mℓ = 0: 1 s ortibal
for ℓ = 1: mℓ = -1, 0, and +1: 3 p ortitals
for ℓ = 2: mℓ = -2, -1, 0, +1, and +2: 5 d ortitals
for ℓ = 3: mℓ = ±3, ±2, ±1, and 0: 7 f ortitals
⇒ number of orbitals 16 ⇒ number of electrons: 32.
Thus, you have:
energy level, n maximum number of maximum number of
orbitals electrons
1 1 2
2 4 8
3 9 18
4 16 32
Those numbers follow a rule: n² and 2n². You can verify that the previous numbers are in accordance with those formulas.