The freezing point and the boiling point of water can be altered by a
variety of techniques. Which of the following has little or no effect on the
boiling point of water?
A Increasing the air pressure above the liquid
B Adding alcohol to the water
C Adding sodium chloride to the water
D Increasing the amount of water

Total internal reflection is the phenomenon that occurs when a ray of light travels from a medium of high refractive index to a lower refractive index medium.

In this sense, the ray is refracted in such a way that it is not able to cross the surface between both media, being completely reflected.

This is the physical principle used in optical fiber to conduct light through the fiber without energy loss.

It is important to note, that this phenomenon occurs at a limit angle [tex]\theta_{c}[/tex], which is calculated from Snell's law, substituting the angle of the second medium by [tex]\theta_{2}=90\º[/tex]:

[tex]n_{1}sin\theta_{c}=n_{2}sin(90\º)[/tex]

Where [tex]n_{1}[/tex] and [tex]n_{2}[/tex] are the refractive indexes of both media.

Answer:

D) Electric power distribution.

Explanation:

Electric power distribution requires high voltages to efficiently transmit electric power. This requires use of a transformer which uses electromagnetic induction.

Answer:

D) Electric power distribution.

Explanation:

As we know that the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction says that rate of change in magnetic flux linked with a closed conducting loop will induce EMF in the loop.

This induced EMF is used for power production so here when we use it for the production of voltage across conductor.

it is used in AC generator when a coil is rotated at high speed between strong magnetic field of magnets.

This is induced EMF is given by

[tex]EMF = NBA\omega sin(\omega t + \phi)[/tex]

so here correct answer will be

D) Electric power distribution.

CONDENSATION is the process by which water vapor (gas) in the atmosphere turns into water (liquid state). It is the opposite of EVAPORATION.Cool temperatures are essential for condensation to happen, because as long as the temperature in the atmosphere is high, it can hold the water vapor and delay condensation. So the temperature in condensation rises.

Answer:

increase

Explanation:

think about it this way:

if you are falling from 2 different heights, 1- off a chair or 2- from a building

as you increase speed from the building you will have a harder impact, whereas when you fall of a chair your speed does not increase as much, even though itll still cause pain, ti wont be as much.

<3

Answer:

Paper will not stop any radiation.

Copper will stop beta radiation.

Lead will damp the gamma radiation

Explanation:

A Geiger counter is an instrument used to measure the radiation level. There are majorly three types of radiation: Alpha, beta and gamma. Alpha radiations have least energy and gamma radiation have the highest energy. Alpha radiation can be stopped even by a sheet of paper. Beta radiation can be stopped using a sheet of aluminum or copper. To stop the gamma radiation you need lead. Also, the energy of the gamma radiation and thickness of the lead shield will decide how much of the gamma radiation is stopped by the lead sheet.

In the given scenario, when only paper is used neither beta nor gamma radiation will be stopped and Geiger counter will show you the high radiation level. When the source is lined with copper and lead, beta radiation will be stopped and gamma radiation will be damped. So Geiger counter will show reduced level of radiation.

Answer:the answer is d

Explanation:

Answer:

The SI unit for pressure is Pascal (Pa) I believe :)

Mark brainliest if correct please!

Answer:

6 m/s

Explanation:

At constant acceleration, the final velocity is equal to the initial velocity plus the product of time and acceleration:

v = at + v₀

We know that at t=2, v=12.  And at t=4, v=18.

12 = 2a + v₀

18 = 4a + v₀

We can solve the system of equations for v₀.  If we double the first equation:

24 = 4a + 2v₀

And subtract the second:

24-18 = 4a-4a + 2v₀ - v₀

6 = v₀

The initial velocity is 6 m/s.

The answer is inertia

Answer: INERTIA

Explanation:

From newton first law, A body will continue to be in a state of constant motion unless being acted upon by an external force. Example passengers in a moving vehicle will tend to resist motion during stoppage of the car due to a tendency to want to continue in motion.

Answer:

6.642857143 or a . 6.64 m/s

Explanation:

186/28 = 6.642857143

Answer:

= 1.0 Ω

Explanation:

Total resistance of resistors is calculated by adding the resistance of each resistor.

In this case, one resistor is 9.0Ω and lets assume the other has R Ω

Therefore; Total resistance is = (9 + R) Ω

From the Ohm's law; R = V/I

Thus;

(9 + R) = 6.0/0.60

9 + R = 10

R = 1 Ω

Therefore, the resistance of the unknown resistor is 1.0 Ω

Answer:

isotherms

Explanation:

If are spaced closely together on the map,there is a drastic temperature change over the distance called isotherms.

The isotherms on a map show the areas with the same temperature levels. Isotherms are the lines that join the points of the same temperature on a map.

In other words, an isotherm of a specific temperature level passes through areas that reflect the temperature identical to the temperature of the isotherm. The functioning of the isotherm lines is similar to that of contour lines. Isotherm lines prove beneficial in the determination of relative temperature variations and other meteorological applications.

An isothermal process has a constant temperature. As a result, the internal energy is constant and there has been no change in it at all. Since there are no intermolecular forces or particle interactions in an ideal gas by definition, a change in pressure at constant temperature does not affect on the internal energy.

Therefore, If are spaced closely together on the map,there is a drastic temperature change over the distance called isotherms.

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Answer:

the answer is d

Explanation:

Yeah answer is d bro

Answer:

Explanation:

The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 3×10⁸ m/s.

In water with η=1.33:

v = (3×10⁸ m/s) / 1.33

v = 2.26×10⁸ m/s

In glass with η=1.50:

v = (3×10⁸ m/s) / 1.50

v = 2.00×10⁸ m/s

The speed of light in water with a refraction rate of 1.33 is approximately 2.26 x 10^8 m/s, while the speed of light in glass with a refraction rate of 1.50 is approximately 2.00 x 10^8 m/s.

The formula to calculate the speed of light in a material is v = c/n, where v is the speed of light in the material, c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and n is the index of refraction of the material. In the first question, the index of refraction for water is given as 1.33. Plugging this value into the formula, we can calculate the speed of light in water by dividing the speed of light in a vacuum (approximately 3.00 x 10^8 m/s) by 1.33, which gives us a speed of light in water of approximately 2.26 x 10^8 m/s. In the second question, the index of refraction for glass is given as 1.50. Following the same calculation, we obtain a speed of light in glass of approximately 2.00 x 10^8 m/s.

Answer :D

Some characteristics shared by all electromagnetic waves are that they all travel at the same speed of light and their own transmission does not need medium. These wave types can also travel through empty spaces

It is D.They have the same speed

Red I believe ????????????????????????

As metal heats, the color gets lighter, so it would start off as red, then change to orange, then yellow then white.

Red is the colder color.

Answer:

c.It is producing either a 435-Hz sound or a 441-Hz sound

Explanation:

Beat is a phenomenon of interference that occurs when two waves with slightly different frequency interfere with each other. When this occurs, the frequency of the beats is given by

[tex]f_B = |f_1 -f_2|[/tex] (1)

where f1, f2 are the frequencies of the two waves.

In this problem, we have 6 beats every 2 seconds, so the beat frequency is

[tex]f_B = \frac{6}{2 s}=3 Hz[/tex]

We also know the frequency of one of the two sounds,

[tex]f_1 = 438 Hz[/tex]

So according to eq.(1), this means that the sound of the second trombone can have 2 different frequencies:

[tex]f_2 ' = f_1 + f_B = 438 Hz + 3 Hz = 441 Hz\\f_2 '' = f_1 - f_B = 438 Hz - 3 Hz = 435 Hz[/tex]

The direction does the magnetic field in the center of the coil point as shown in the diagram is the left.

The rule states that If the right hand fingers curl round the coil in the direction of the current, then the thumb points in the direction of the magnetic field down the centre of the coil.

It is known that at the centre of the circular loop, The magnetic field lines are straight. The various segment of circular loop carrying current create magnetic field lines in the same direction with in the loop.

Conclusively, The direction of magnetic field at the centre of circular coil is simply known to be perpendicular to the place of the coil.

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The direction of the magnetic field in the center of a coil depends on the direction of the current flowing through the coil.

The direction of the magnetic field in the center of a coil depends on the direction of the current flowing through the coil. According to the right-hand rule, if the current flows clockwise in the coil when viewed from the top, the magnetic field points downward in the center of the coil. Conversely, if the current flows counterclockwise, the magnetic field points upward in the center of the coil. Based on this, the correct option would be C. Down.

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slow down, turn your windshield wipers and headlights on, create a bigger space between you and the car in front of you.

Answer:

As mentioned in the explanation.

Explanation:

If we are driving in heavy traffic and it begins to rain, then we use the defensive driving technique (for safe driving) which are the following.

(1). Slow down the speed of the car (vehicle).

(2). Turn your windshield wipers and headlight on.

(3). Create a bigger space between your car and the car in front  of you.

1)

1. B

2. H

3. C

4. A

5. F

6. D

7. E

8. G

2) Perpendicular

3) Parallel

Make sure you study this

I'm up to modern physics this was a nice review for me

Final answer:

The force constant of the pogo-stick spring is 3266.67 N/m.

Explanation:

The force constant of a spring can be found using Hooke's Law, which states that the force exerted by a spring is directly proportional to its displacement. The formula to calculate the force constant is: k = F / x, where k is the force constant, F is the force exerted by the spring, and x is the displacement of the spring. In this case, the force exerted by the spring is the weight of the girl standing on the pogo stick, which can be calculated using the formula:

F = mg, where m is the mass of the girl and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

Plugging in the values:
F = (40 kg) * (9.8 m/s²) = 392 N

Substituting the values into the formula for the force constant:
k = (392 N) / (0.12 m) = 3266.67 N/m

Answer:

C) a potential difference across its ends.

Explanation:

We know , according to Ohm's law, at a constant temperature, current flows through a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage applied.

                   [tex]V=I\times R[/tex]    Here R is resistance provide by circuit.

                   [tex]I=\dfrac{V}{R}.[/tex]

Also, currents flows in the opposite direction of electrons. If current flows then only electron flows.

From Ohm's law , current flows only when their is a potential difference.

Therefore, same goes with electrons as they flow only when current flows electrons.

C) Option is correct.

Electrons will flow in a wire when there is a potential difference (voltage) across its ends (C) or an imbalance of charges in the wire (A). This flow creates a current. Similar to water in a pipe, electrons move from areas of high potential energy to areas of low potential energy.

Electrons flow in a wire when there is a potential difference across its ends. This potential difference, commonly known as voltage, it is kind of like the 'push' that gets the electrons moving.  It's like sending a sled down a hill, the top of the hill has more potential energy, the 'push', than the bottom of the hill. It's similar with electrons and voltage. If there's more voltage at one end of the wire than the other - hence, a potential difference - the electrons will 'slide' down this 'hill', creating a current.

Another way to think about it is water in a pipe. The water (electrons) will flow from a place of high potential energy to a place of low potential energy. So, if there's a higher potential (voltage) at one end of the wire than the other, the electrons will flow to equalize the energy.

An imbalance of charges in the wire can also lead to electron flow, as electrons move from areas of high concentration (negatively charged) to areas of lower concentration.

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Answer:

Costructively

Explanation:

The condition for constructive interference is:

[tex]|d_1 -d_2| = n \lambda[/tex] (1)

where

d1 is the distance of the point from the 1st source

d2 is the distance of the point from the 2nd source

n is an integer number

[tex]\lambda[/tex] is the wavelength of the wave (in this case, 6 meters)

In this problem, we are considering a point which is 10 m from both speakers, so we have:

[tex]d_1 = 10 m\\d_2 = 10 m\\d_1 - d_2 = 0[/tex]

And so eq.(1) is satisfied when n=0, which is an integer. Therefore, constructive interference occurs.

The sound waves from the two speakers, emitting in unison with a wavelength of 6 m, would neither interfere constructively nor destructively at a point 10 m from both speakers. This is because the distance of 10 m does not constitute an integral multiple of the wavelength or an odd multiple of half the wavelength.

In this scenario, two speakers are emitting sounds with an identical wavelength of 6 m in unison. It is important to understand that whether sounds interfere constructively or destructively depends on their phase difference, which in turn is connected to the path lengths the sounds waves have traveled to reach the listening point. In this case, both sound waves are traveling the same distance (10 m) to reach the point in question.

As a principle, constructive interference occurs when the wave peaks (crests) or troughs coincide, which happens when the path difference is an integral multiple of the wavelength. On the other hand, destructive interference occurs when a wave peak coincides with a trough, and this happens when the path difference is an odd multiple of half the wavelength.

In this case, the distance from each speaker to the listening point is 10 m, which is not an integral multiple of the wavelength (6 m) or an odd multiple of half the wavelength (3 m). Therefore, neither perfectly constructive nor destructive interference would occur at a point 10 m from both speakers.

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Answer:

0.103 m/s to the south

Explanation:

The total momentum of the launcher+ball system must be conserved before and after the launch, so we can write:

[tex]p_i = p_f\\0 = m_L v_L + m_B v_B[/tex]

where

[tex]p_i =0[/tex] is the total initial momentum (before the launch)

[tex]m_L = 20 kg[/tex] is the mass of the launcher

[tex]v_L[/tex] is the velocity of the launcher after the launch

[tex]m_B = 0.057 kg[/tex] is the mass of the ball

[tex]v_B = +36 m/s[/tex] is the velocity of the ball after the launch (we take the north direction as positive)

Solving for [tex]v_L[/tex], we find

[tex]v_L = -\frac{m_B v_B}{m_L}=-\frac{(0.057 kg)(+36 m/s)}{20 kg}=-0.103 m/s[/tex]

and the negative sign means that the direction is south.

Answer:

C) could be as small as 2.0 m, or as large as 12 m.

Explanation:

The magnitude of the vector given by the sum of the two vectors depends on the directions of the vectors.

In fact, we have two extreme conditions:

- when the two vectors have same directions, then the magnitude of their sum is equal to the sum of the magnitudes of the two vectors:

[tex]R=A+B=5.0 m + 7.0 m = 12.0 m[/tex]

- When the two vectors have opposite directions, the magnitude of their sum is equal to the difference between the magnitudes of the two vectors:

[tex]R=|A-B|=|5.0 m-7.0m|=2.0 m[/tex]

In all other intermediate cases, where the two vectors are neither parallel nor anti-parallel, the magnitude of the vector sum changes according to the components of the two vectors, and so it will span within this range of minimum length (2.0 m) and maximum length (12.0 m).

The magnitude of the resulting vector from the addition of two displacement vectors can range from a minimum value of their subtracted magnitudes to a maximum of their added magnitudes, depending on their alignment.

When adding two vectors, the sum depends on their directions. If the vectors are in the same direction when added together, then their magnitudes will simply add up, which in this case gives us 12 m (5.0 m + 7.0 m). However, if the vectors are in opposite directions, we'd subtract the smaller magnitude from the larger. Here, that would be 7.0 m - 5.0 m, resulting in a magnitude of 2.0 m. So, the resultant displacement could range anywhere from 2.0 m (if completely opposite) to 12 m (if directly aligned).

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Answer:

[tex]1.64\cdot 10^{-24}J[/tex]

Explanation:

The energy of a photon is given by:

[tex]E=\frac{hc}{\lambda}[/tex]

where

[tex]h=6.63\cdot 10^{-34} Js[/tex] is the Planck constant

[tex]c=3\cdot 10^8 m/s[/tex] is the speed of light

[tex]\lambda[/tex] is the wavelenght of the photon

For the microwave photons in this problem,

[tex]\lambda=12.1 cm=0.121 m[/tex]

so their energy is

[tex]E=\frac{(6.63\cdot 10^{-34}Js)(3\cdot 10^8 m/s)}{0.121 m}=1.64\cdot 10^{-24}J[/tex]

The energy of a microwave photon can be calculated using the Planck-Einstein relation, with the microwave's frequency derived from its given wavelength. Microwaves are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than infrared but shorter than radio waves, used in applications such as microwave ovens.

To determine the energy of a microwave photon, we need to use the Planck-Einstein relation, which states that the energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency and inversely proportional to its wavelength. This relation is given by the equation E=hv where E is the energy, h is Planck's constant and v is frequency.

The frequency v can be determined from the given microwave wavelength 12.1cm using the equation v=c/λ, where c is the speed of light and λ is the wavelength. Since the speed of light and Planck's constant are known quantities, by substituting these values into the Planck-Einstein relation, we can find the energy of a single photon.

It's crucial to note that microwaves, a form of electromagnetic radiation, have longer wavelengths compared to infrared but shorter than radio waves. The energy level they possess makes them suitable for applications such as microwave ovens, where they cause water molecules to rotate faster, resulting in food heating up.

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Answer:

[tex]1.69\cdot 10^{10}J[/tex]

Explanation:

The total energy of the satellite when it is still in orbit is given by the formula

[tex]E=-G\frac{mM}{2r}[/tex]

where

G is the gravitational constant

m = 525 kg is the mass of the satellite

[tex]M=5.98\cdot 10^{24}kg[/tex] is the Earth's mass

r is the distance of the satellite from the Earth's center, so it is the sum of the Earth's radius and the altitude of the satellite:

[tex]r=R+h=6370 km +575 km=6945 km=6.95\cdot 10^6 m[/tex]

So the initial total energy is

[tex]E_i=-(6.67\cdot 10^{-11})\frac{(525 kg)(5.98\cdot 10^{24} kg)}{2(6.95\cdot 10^6 m)}=-1.51\cdot 10^{10}J[/tex]

When the satellite hits the ground, it is now on Earth's surface, so

[tex]r=R=6370 km=6.37\cdot 10^6 m[/tex]

so its gravitational potential energy is

[tex]U = -G\frac{mM}{r}=-(6.67\cdot 10^{-11})\frac{(525 kg)(5.98\cdot 10^{24}kg)}{6.37\cdot 10^6 m}=-3.29\cdot 10^{10} J[/tex]

And since it hits the ground with speed

[tex]v=1.90 km/s = 1900 m/s[/tex]

it also has kinetic energy:

[tex]K=\frac{1}{2}mv^2=\frac{1}{2}(525 kg)(1900 m/s)^2=9.48\cdot 10^8 J[/tex]

So the total energy when the satellite hits the ground is

[tex]E_f = U+K=-3.29\cdot 10^{10}J+9.48\cdot 10^8 J=-3.20\cdot 10^{10} J[/tex]

So the energy transformed into internal energy due to air friction is the difference between the total initial energy and the total final energy of the satellite:

[tex]\Delta E=E_i-E_f=-1.51\cdot 10^{10} J-(-3.20\cdot 10^{10} J)=1.69\cdot 10^{10}J[/tex]

Answer:

In the Southern Hemisphere, summer starts in December. This means that during this month the weather is warm.

This is because, in this period of time, the southern hemisphere is receiving more ray lights from the sun, which raises the temperature in the southern hemisphere.

1. b. The number of electrons emitted from the metal per second increases.

In the photoelectric effect, when light is shone on a metallic surface, the photons of the light give energy to the electrons in the metal. Electrons can then be emitted by the surface if they receive enough energy, according to the equation:

[tex]hf=\phi + K[/tex] (1)

where

(hf) is the energy given by the photon, with h being the Planck constant and f the frequency of the photon

[tex]\phi[/tex] is the work function of the metal, which is the minimum energy required to extract an electron from the metal

K is the maximum kinetic energy of the electron

Keep in mind that in the photoelectric effect, 1 photon hits 1 electron only. Now let's analyze the 3 statements:

a. The work function of the metal decreases.  --> FALSE. In fact, the work function of the metal depends only on the properties of the metal itself, so it is not affected by the intensity of the incident light.

b. The number of electrons emitted from the metal per second increases.  --> TRUE. When the light intensity is increased, more photons are shone on the metal, so more photons hit more electrons, and so more electrons in the metal are emitted.

c. The maximum speed of the emitted electrons increases. The stopping potential increases.  --> FALSE. As we see from the equation (1), the maximum kinetic energy of the electrons depends only on the frequency of the incident photon (f), not on the number of photons: therefore, the maximum speed is also not affected by the intensity of the light, and the stopping potential is not affected neither (the stopping potential is equal to the minimum potential necessary to prevent the photoelectrons from escaping the metal)

2) c. The maximum speed of the emitted electrons increases. The stopping potential increases.

In this case, the frequency of the incident light is increased: this means that the incident photons have more energy, therefore they give more energy to the electrons, therefore the electrons will be emitted with larger maximum speed. As a consequence, the stopping potential will also be larger, since a larger potential will be needed to stop the photoelectrons. So the only correct statement is c.

The other 2 statements are wrong because:

a. The work function of the metal decreases.  --> FALSE. In fact, the work function of the metal depends only on the properties of the metal itself, so it is not affected by the intensity of the incident light.

b. The number of electrons emitted from the metal per second increases.  --> FALSE. This depends only on the intensity of the light (number of photons emitted), which in this case does not change.

When the intensity of the incident light is increased, the number of electrons emitted from the metal per second increases.

The term potoelectric effect refers to the fact that electrons are emitted from the surface of a  metal when irraditaed with light of appropriate frequency.

We know that when the frequency of the incident light is increased, the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is increased. Again,When the intensity of the incident light is increased, the number of electrons emitted from the metal per second increases.

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Answer:

tarn

Explanation:

The deglaciated cirques very often contain tarn. The tarn can simply be explained as a lake formed from the melted ice, having a natural dam made by a moraine, glacial till, or the lip of the underlying bedrock. The tarn is a small lake, as the space is very limited. This small lake is marking the downstream limit of the glacial overdeepening.  This lakes can last for either very short period of time, or be present for a long period of time, depending on the climate conditions.