The fossil record of horses shows that over millions of years, horses have become larger, developed hooves in place of toes, and have adapted to eat grass instead of leaves.
Further ExplanationThe fossil record of horses was found in sedimentary strata since the beginning of tertiary period in a life span known as Eocene. That is about 50 million years ago.
According to evolution theory, it is very possible to follow horse evolution through millions of years: how the horse became larger and stronger, lost most of its toes, and how the structure of its tooth changed when its moved from eating plant, trees and shrubs to feeding on high dry grass. The horse evolution is believed to been fueled by drying and cooling climate.
The first set of horses lived in humid forest; it is a forest that is full of plant rich in foliage. Their toes, with three at the rear and four at the front spread out at different angle, and this really helped them from drowning into marshy grounds. Plants rich in foliage disappears as climate became drier and new huge grass fields formed. As a result of dried land, the grazers become better runner and were able to escape predators.
All the horses are categorized as the same family (Equidae) because they all resemble each other and due to the striking similarities, it can be hard to recognize any differences through the study of fossils skeleton alone.
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fossil record of horseshoovesleavesfossilsclimateHow many chromosomes are in human
Answer:
46 Chromosomes.
Explanation:
Answer:
46 chromosomes are in human
A___fault moves because it is unber tension
Answer:
A "normal" fault moves.
Explanation:
Hope my answer has helped you!
Which structure is the site of photosynthesis within a plant? A. Roots B. Stomata C. Xylem D. Leaves
Answer:
The site of photosynthesis of a plant a.k.a kitchen of a plant is the leaf.
Explanation:
The leaf is the site of photosynthesis because its broad surface can absorb sunlight. Chloroplast is present in leaves, which contains chlorophyll which is a key factor of photosynthesis. The leaf has stomata under its surface which is responsible for gaseous exchange. Therefore, leaves act as the primary location for photosynthesis.
Hope this helps <3
Final answer:
Leaves are the major site of photosynthesis in plants, specifically within a layer called the mesophyll, and gas exchange occurs through regulated openings known as stomata.
Explanation:
The major site of photosynthesis in plants is the leaves. Photosynthesis occurs in a middle layer of the leaf called the mesophyll, where cells contain chlorophyll, the green pigment crucial for this process. The gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen essential for photosynthesis takes place through the stomata, which are regulated openings typically found on the underside of the leaf. These stomata are controlled by guard cells that respond to osmotic changes to regulate the loss of water and the intake of carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis is the process in which green plants, algae and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen. This process takes place in the chloroplasts which are located in the leaves of a plant. The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that captures light energy from the sun and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen during photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct option is D. Leaves.
Animals have a variety of adaptations, including trachea and gills, which allow this key process to occur. Which provides the molecules necessary for cellular respiration and efficient ATP synthesis? A. Digestion B. Gas exchange C. Nutrient absorption D. Waste elimination
Answer:
b
Explanation:
For oxygen
Which statement is true about crossing over of genes? A. Crossing over does not occur between genes that are far apart from each other on a chromosome. B. Frequency of crossing over is related to the distance between linked genes. C. Genes that are close to each other frequently cross over.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The closer together that particular genes are to each other, the less likely that they will separate during crossing over and the more likely that they are inherited together by offspring – this is a test of linkage of genes. Genes on separate chromosomes are more likely to cross over than genes on the same chromosome.
Which is a vascular tissue in plants?
A. phloem
B. fungi
C. leaves
D. roots
Answer: Phloem
Explanation: In higher plants, the phloem is a vascular tissue that carries sugars and other nutrients synthesized from the organs that produce them, to those in which they are consumed and stored. The phloem is organized in vascular bundles (see image below) , which are longitudinal filaments of the conductive tissue associated with the water-conducting tissue or xylem. The vascular bundles are important structural organs of the herbaceous stems and the leaf nerves.
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Which of these is not a function of some membrane proteins?
A. Keeping the cell from dissolving
B. Transmitting messages to cell organelles
C. Catalyzing chemical reactions in the cell
D. Allowing ions to enter the cell
Answer:
A
Explanation:
D) Examples of membrane proteins include ion channels, receptor proteins, and proteins that allow cells to connect to each other.
C) Almost every chemical reaction in a cell is catalyzed by a class of proteins called enzymes
B) Membrane proteins are the nanomachines that enable membranes to send and receive messages and to transport molecules into and out of cells and compartments.
A) Proteins that are anchored by dissolving in the bilayer core are said to be integral to the membrane. Lipids: Lipid-soluble substances (e.g. alcohol, chloroform) can dissolve into the bilayer and thus cross the membrane.
Keeping the cell from dissolving is not a functions of some membrane proteins.
What are the functions of membrane proteins?Membrane proteins mediate processes that are fundamental for the flourishing of biological cells. Membrane-embedded transporters move ions and larger solutes across membranes, receptors mediate communication between the cell and its environment.
Integral membrane proteins are permanently embedded within the plasma membrane. They have a range of important functions. Such functions include channeling or transporting molecules across the membrane.
Membrane proteins provide temporary binding sites that guide cell migration and other cell-to-cell interactions. Some glycoproteins (proteins bonded to short chains of sugars) serve as identification tags that are specifically recognized by other cells.
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Which two molecules do green plants use to make glucose?
O
A. Nitrogen and water
O
B. Hydrogen and oxygen
O
C. Carbon dioxide and water
O
D. Methane and iron oxide
Answer:
C. Carbon dioxide and water
Explanation:
The Carbon and Oxygen from glucose come from Carbon Dioxide and the Hydrogen and Oxygen come from the water.
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Carbon dioxide and water two molecules do green plants use to make glucose.
Do green plants make glucose?
In contrast to humans and other animals, plants can produce glucose through a process known as photosynthesis.
What 2 molecules are used in photosynthesis?
During the process of photosynthesis, cells use carbon dioxide and energy from the Sun to make sugar molecules and oxygen.
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Before viruses can reproduce, they must
A. replicate the contents of their nucleus. B. undergo binary fission. C. infect a host cell. D. initiate the cell cycle.
Hello There!
Before viruses can reproduce, they must infect a host cell.
Viruses need a way to enter the body before they can infect a host cell.
Before a virus can reproduce, it must infect a host cell. It then commandeers the host cell's machinery to create more of itself. The other options listed are not necessary for virus reproduction.
Explanation:Before viruses can reproduce, they must C. infect a host cell. Viruses, unlike cells, lack the capacity to independently reproduce because they do not possess the required machinery to do so. Instead, they rely on host cells to reproduce. After a virus has entered a host cell (a process known as infection), it takes control of the host’s machinery and begins creating more viruses. None of the other options mentioned including, A. replicating the contents of their nucleus, B. undergoing binary fission, or D. initiating the cell cycle, are a prerequisite for viruses to reproduce.
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What stage of cellular respiration yields the most ATP?
electron transport chain
pyruvate production
NADH formation
glycolysis
Answer:
A.electron transport chain
Explanation:
Well i really don't have an explanation
but hope it helps
^U^
The electron transport chain yields the most ATP during cellular respiration.
The electron transport chain is the final stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic cells. In this stage, the high-energy electron carriers NADH and FADH2, which are produced in earlier stages (glycolysis and the citric acid cycle), donate their electrons to a series of protein complexes within the electron transport chain.
As electrons pass through these protein complexes, energy is released and used to pump protons (H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, creating an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient stores potential energy.
The electrons then reach the final protein complex, cytochrome oxidase, where they combine with oxygen (O₂) to form water (H₂O). This reaction is critical for aerobic respiration since oxygen is the final electron acceptor.
The flow of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix through the ATP synthase enzyme is driven by the electrochemical gradient, and this flow of protons generates ATP. The process of ATP synthesis coupled to the flow of protons is called chemiosmosis.
The electron transport chain is highly efficient in generating ATP since it harnesses the energy from the movement of electrons and the pumping of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is estimated that around 26-28 molecules of ATP are produced from each molecule of glucose during aerobic cellular respiration, with the majority of ATP generated in the electron transport chain.
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What cellular process released energy by breaking down glucose when oxygen is not available
describe the relationship between fish and coral
Answer:
Commercialism. The fish have protection from predators , so they benefit. The coral does not benefit from the fish though
sorry if my spelling is off
A boy with an extra X chromosome probably has which of the following syndromes?
Answer:
Klinefelter syndrome I took the plato test and got a 100
Explanation:
Good luck!
Select the correct answer.
Which mutation is harmful to the organism?
A.
a mutation allowing moths to camouflage better on blackened tree bark
B.
a mutation making Staphylococcus aureus resistant to the antibiotic methicillin
C.
a mutation inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus from attaching to and entering the cell
D.
a mutation causing uncontrolled cell division
E.
a mutation giving plant leaves a bitter taste to discourage herbivores from eating them
Answer:
D. A mutation causing uncontrolled cell division
Explanation:
Cell division is controlled by various mechanisms. Any mutations in the genes regulating the cell division lead to uncontrolled cell division. Loss of control over the process of cell division leads to the formation of tumors.
These tumors may cause cancer if they are transformed into malignant tumors. Hence, a mutation that causes loss of control over cell division is harmful.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Cell specialization is directed by instructions found in
Answer:
DNA
Explanation:
cell specilaisation is directected by instructions found in DNA
Which is a trait of all seed plants?
Answer:
All seed plants share two characteristics. They have vascular tissue and use seeds to reproduce. In addition, they all have body plans that include leaves, stems, and roots. Most seed plants live on land.
Explanation:
Answer:All seed plants share two characteristics. They have vascular tissue and use seeds to reproduce. In addition, they all have body plans that include leaves, stems, and roots. Most seed plants live on land.
Explanation: i know cuz i know my boy
Let's say I hypothesize that plants need water in order to grow. I have a pack of pumpkin seeds that I wish to use in
the experiment. Explain in detail how I should conduct a controlled experiment to test my hypothesis.
In order to make a proper experiment and see does the plants, in this case the pumpkin seeds, need water to grow, there's several things that should be done. The pumpkin seeds should be planted in several pots, let's say eight pots. All pots should have the same size. The soil in all eight pots should be the exact same. Every pot should be exposed to the same amount of sunlight. Every pot should have the same temperature, thus they should all be kept in the same conditions. Half of the pots with pumpkin seeds will receive water, while the other half will not receive water at all. Every day checks should be made, and notes taken about each of the pots. If the pumpkin seeds in the pots that receive water grow, and the pumpkin seeds in the pots without any water don't, then we can say that the plants need water for their growth and survival.
An example of natural selection is the red color of a male cardinal. The females of the species choose mates based on the vibrant colors of the males’ feathers. If females begin using different criteria than feather color when they choose mates, what would most likely happen to the color of the male cardinals over time? increased variation in the shades of red because the selection pressure has been relieved increased variation in the shades of red because the cardinals try different ways to impress the females decreased variation in the shades of red because no form of the trait is advantageous decreased variation in the shades of red because the only reason for variation was selection pressure
Answer:
Option D, decreased variation in the shades of red because the only reason for variation was selection pressure
Explanation:
Certain factors which make an organism with in its species selective over other which provide an added leap of survival over others.
Here, red color of male cardinal has only purpose and this purpose is to attract females thereby making themselves a selective species over other male species.
Now, if somehow females start selecting males on the basis of some other characteristics then it is sure that the variations in the color of male cardinals will gradually slow down and eventually will stop as selective pressure was the only cause of their variation.
Hence, option D is correct
When are hypothesis supposed in science?
Answer:
The basic idea of a hypothesis is that there is no pre-determined outcome. For a hypothesis to be termed a scientific hypothesis, it has to be something that can be supported or refuted through carefully crafted experimentation or observation.
An hypothesis in science is pretty much what you think your project will do in the results.
which describes a role of enzymes
Answer:
Enzymes fulfill many important functions in our bodies. One of their main functions is to accelerate the rate of all chemical reactions that occur in our bodies. Besides, some enzymes help the body digest large molecules by breaking them into small pieces. They also help with the metabolism process.
A geologist and a biologist performed an experiment together and examined the data. Each scientist formed a different conclusion. Both conclusions were supported by the evidence. How is this possible? Both conclusions are the same but have different wording. If more than one conclusion is supported, the hypothesis is invalid. There can be alternate explanations for the same evidence. Each conclusion is based on different data.
Answer:
There can be alternate explanations for the same evidence
Explanation:
The geology and the biology are two different scientific fields, thus the geologists and biologists have different focus and viewpoints when examining something. When a same experiment is done by scientists from two different fields, it is very likely that the conclusions would be different. The main reason for this is that both of them will have different view and methods to come to the conclusion, as their focus is on different things, or at least the approach is different.
Answer:
the answer is C.
Explanation:
Which of these is one of the nitrogenous bases in DNA?
A. Proline
B. Leucine
C. Glycine
D. Thymine
what are the effects of the release of the hormone catecholamine on a person
Answer: increases in heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and a general reaction of the sympathetic nervous system
The release of the hormone catecholamine can cause anxiety, fear, and panic.
12. Which of the following best describes the process of hydration?
O A. Water moving through soil carries away important nutrients,
B. Water bonds with elements in the minerals that make up a rock, forming new substances,
C. Water transports weathered sediment from one place and deposits it in another.
D. Water breaks existing bonds among elements in the minerals that make up a rock.
The answer you are looking for is B
Answer:
B. Water bonds with elements in the minerals that make up a rock, forming new substances is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Hydration refers to a reaction where a substance is combined with water.
hydration takes place during the weathering process when the mineral structure absorbs water to form a unique or new substances.
hydration causes the rock to rise in a volume that puts tension or stress on the rock and makes it more susceptible to weathering process.
Thus option(B)Water bonds with elements in the minerals that make up a rock, forming new substances is the correct answer.
what is a cyclical disturbance
Hello There!
"Cyclical Disturbance" is a disturbance that repeats over and over again.
Answer:
A disturbance that repeats over and over
Explanation:
A.P.E.X
Looking at the phylogenetic tree, which three statements can you make about the interconnectedness of the species A, B, C, D, and E?
Species A and C may have shared features from a common ancestor.
Species C is more related to species D than species D is related to species E.
Species B and C are more closely related than species C and D.
Species B and E may have shared features from a common ancestor.
Species A is more related to species B than species B is related to
*****Three answers you have to choose*****
Answer:
- Species A and C may have shared features from a common ancestor
- Species B and E may have shared features from a common ancestor
- Species A is more related to species B than species B is related to (any of the other species)
Explanation:
From this phylogenetic tree we can see that all five species have a shared distant, common ancestor, meaning that they all evolved from a single species. Because they all share the same common ancestor, there's every chance that the species A and C, or species B and E, share some features from their common ancestor even though they have become separate species and have been so for longer period of time. If we look at the present bonds, than we can see that the species A and B are much more closely related between each other than with any of the other species, and the same can be inferred for the species D and E.
Based on the phylogenetic tree, we can surmise that Species A and C, Species C and D, as well as Species B and E share features from common ancestors, with the shared features indicating the degree of relatedness and the likelihood of more recent common ancestry for each paired comparison.
Explanation:Analyzing a phylogenetic tree helps us understand the evolutionary relationships between different species. When a scientist conducts a genetic analysis by determining the number of genetic similarities among species, certain patterns emerge. These patterns allow us to make educated statements about the relatedness of different species.
Based on the information given, we can deduce the following:
Species A and C may have shared features from a common ancestor, indicating they are part of a lineage that diverged from a common node on the phylogenetic tree.Species C is more related to species D than species D is related to species E, suggesting that species C and D share a more recent common ancestor with each other than either does with species E.Species B and E may have shared features from a common ancestor, implying that they may be part of a group that branched off from other lineages earlier in evolutionary history.The interconnectedness reflected on the phylogenetic tree serves as a visual representation of these genetic relationships, where closer branches indicate more recent common ancestry and therefore greater genetic similarities.
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what is the 77 element on the periodtic table
Answer:
Iridium
Explanation:
A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is the second-densest metal (after osmium) with a density of 22.56 g/cm3 as defined by experimental X-ray crystallography.
Answer:
Iridium, with atomic number 77 and two stable isotopes, 191 and 193, is formed in a platinum alloy in the regular bar and the weight used for many years to define the meter and the kilogram.
What Iridium is?
Iridium is a very strong, fragile and thick metal and is very rare, too. Iridium is the most corrosion-resistant compound in the Periodic Table of Elements. It has the largest density of all the elements, too. Since it is resistant to deterioration, it is used to set standards for weights and measures.
A store manager timed Janette to see how long it would take her to fold and put away a sweater, a shirt, a pair of pants, and a scarf. It took her 26.1 seconds for the shirt, 24.3 seconds for the sweater, 32.8 seconds for the pants, and 18.2 seconds for the scarf. What was the average time it took Janette to fold and put away all four items?
During a catered lunch, an average of 4 cups of tea are poured per minute. The lunch will last 2 hours. How many gallons of tea should the caterer bring if there are 16 cups in one gallon?
Answer:
Part A= 25.35 seconds
Part B= 30 gallons
Explanation:
Part A
26.1+24.3+32.8+18.2=101.4
101.4/4=25.35
Part B
2 hours=120 min
4x120=480/16=30
what begins the process of solar system formation?
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> This is a document I wrote a while back, you don't have to read it all but I thought you might be interested in knowing some epik space things.➤ Answer
Gravity.
➤ Reason
We meet again old buddy, gravity. When solar systems form, they need resources. Dust is optimal, any sort of cosmic dust that can pull together. The gravity of these groups of cosmic dust combine together into one gravitational pull, attracting more dust. They eventually start to squeeze together, heating up. This process continues until it is so hot, the first nuclear fusion process begins, the point where matter is so hot, the atoms cannot repel each other when colliding in time, and instead they smash directly into each other, releasing massive bursts of energies, each like atomic bombs. One reaction produces more heat, more energy, which causes more fusion, and it's a huge chain reaction. The gravity of the gas is strong enough to maintain its shape, making a round sphere, which we call, stars, balls of burning energy. Stars are not solid objects, they are rather just clumps of really, really, r e a l l y hot cosmic dust, roaring with energy.
other stuffPlanets form the same way, although on much smaller scales. There isn't enough dust to compact into a star, so they rather turn out to be large rocks. Stars that form with more dust, usually turn out to be bigger, but because they are bigger, they burn fuel more quickly, meaning the star will die a lot faster than a smaller, more calm and concentrated star. Newly form stars after there formation will slowly become more calm, and stay that way most of their lives. Then when they become old, they'll turn into violent supergiant stars, which eventually use their fuel, no longer have enough energy to maintain their gravity, and the fusion active core collapses under pressure, crunching the atoms together so quickly that they all collide together, resulting in the spectacular event we call a supernova, an explosion resulting from the core collapsing, ripping the outer layers of the star into space, which is what we call Novas, Nebulae that were formed from the remnants of what was once a star. If a star that is too small collapses after using its fuel, it won't explode. The core doesn't smash the atoms together fast enough to do this, instead, the core of the star simply crunches into a ball, called a white dwarf. The outer layers of the star no longer are being held onto the core, and expand into outer space, forming a nebula as well, which supply dust for new stars to form, therefore beginning the process of star formation once again. If a star that is large enough, collapses after using its fuel, the core crunches together so immensely fast, it warps the area so badly, it literally rips a tiny gap in space, which is like a hole in a pool, anything getting to close getting sucked in. Black holes are not the craziest idea really, everything has a limit, what do you think would happen if you compressed one of the greatest forces in the entire universe onto a spot the size of a pin head, yeah. Black holes as well are not solid or invisible objects, we just cannot see them in general. The black sphere that you once thought was the black hole, is actually just a simple result of a black hole. The escape velocity is greater than the speed of light, meaning that light doesn't travel fast enough to escape the pull of the black hole, so it is dragged back inside, and probably never seen again. Since the light never escapes, it doesn't reach our eyes, therefore, it is just a blind spot in our field of view, we can't see it.
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Answer: Gas and dust in a nebula is disturbed by an outside force.
Explanation:
Apex
Which best describes scientific facts?
observable and objective
true and subjective
unsupported and believed
estimated and unquestioned
Answer:
Observable and objective
Explanation:
Scientific facts require repeatable experiments or proven qualities that can be repeated over and over again. If you do an experiment to verify a scientific fact, I should be able to do the same experiment and get the same result.
A scientific fact does not and cannot change.
Scientific facts are best describes by observable and objective. Thus, option A is correct.
What are scientific thinking?Scientific thinking is a type of knowledge that includes intentional information seeking, including asking questions, testing hypothesis and making observations as well as recognizing pattern.
The scientific or scientists are clear as to the purpose at hand and questions at the issue. The scientific essential standards that should be implies on the elements of scientific thought such as clarity relevance depth, breath, logic and accuracy.
The scientific thinking prefers to thinking about the content of science and the set of reasoning process.
The example of scientific thinking is that question information, conclusions and points of view which is strive to be accurate, relevant and precise.
Therefore,Scientific facts are best describes by observable and objective. Thus, option A is correct.
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