Answer:
The concentration of a solution can be expressed in a number of ways or units. For example:
mol / litermol / kg% g/gExplanation:
The concentration of a solution can be expressed in different units.
Concentration is a measure of the amount of solute in an amount of solvent or solution.
These are some units used to express the concentration, depending on the measure (concept) used:
Measure Definition units
(concept)
Molarity moles of solute per liter of solution mol / liter
Molality moles of solute per kg of solvent mol / Kg
% (w/w) percent mass/mass % g / g
% (w/V) percent mass / volume % g/V
% (V/V) percent volume / volume & V/V
how many moles of water would form the reaction of exactly 58.3 grams of magnesium hydroxide
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{\text{2.00 mol}}[/tex]
Explanation:
We know we will need a balanced chemical equation with masses and molar masses, so, let's gather all the information in one place.
You don't tell us what the reaction is, but we can solve the problem so long as we balance the OH.
M_r: 58.32
Mg(OH)₂ + … ⟶ … + 2HOH
m/g: 58.3
(a) Moles of Mg(OH)₂
[tex]\text{Moles of Mg(OH)$_{2}$} =\text{58.3 g Mg(OH)$_{2}$} \times \dfrac{\text{1 mol Mg(OH)$_{2}$}}{\text{58.32 g Mg(OH)$_{2}$}}\\\\=\text{0.9997 mol Mg(OH)$_{2}$}[/tex]
(b) Moles of H₂O
The molar ratio is 2 mol H₂O = 1 mol Mg(OH)₂.
[tex]\text{Moles of H$_{2}$O}= \text{0.9995 mol Mg(OH)$_{2}$} \times \dfrac{\text{2 mol {H$_{2}$O}}}{ \text{1 mol Mg(OH)$_{2}$}}\\\\= \textbf{2.00 mol H$_{2}$O}[/tex]
The reaction will form [tex]\boxed{\textbf{2.00 mol}}[/tex] of water.
When 58.3 grams of magnesium hydroxide react, it forms 2 moles of water. This is determined through the conversion of grams to moles and using the stoichiometry of the reaction.
Explanation:To find out how many moles of water would form the reaction of exactly 58.3 grams of magnesium hydroxide, we need to convert grams of Mg(OH)2 to moles and then use stoichiometry to find out the number of moles of H2O produced.
The molecular weight of Mg(OH)2 is 58.3197 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of Mg(OH)2 is given by:
Mass (g) / Molecular weight (g/mol) = 58.3g / 58.3197g/mol = 1 mole Mg(OH)₂
According to the reaction Mg(OH)2 -> Mg²⁺ + 2OH⁻, 1 mole of magnesium hydroxide decomposes to form 1 mole of magnesium ions and 2 moles of hydroxide ions. Therefore, 1 mole of Mg(OH)₂ reacts to form 2 moles of water.
So, 1 mole of Mg(OH)2 would result in the formation of 2 moles of water. Hence, 58.3 grams (which correspond to 1 mole) of Mg(OH)2 would form 2 moles of water.
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What is the name of the functional group in the following compound?CH3-O-C-CH2-CH3
It is an ester functional group
The ph of a fruit juice is 2.2 . find the hydronium ion concentration, left bracket upper h 3 upper o superscript plus right bracket , of the juice. use the formula phequals negative log left bracket upper h 3 upper o superscript plus right bracket.
Answer:
[H₃O⁺] = 6.31 x 10⁻³ M.
Explanation:
To find the hydronium ion concentration [H₃O⁺], we can use the relation:pH = - log[H₃O⁺].
∴ 2.2 = - log[H₃O⁺].
∴ log[H₃O⁺] = - 2.2
∴ [H₃O⁺] = 6.31 x 10⁻³ M.
35mL of acid with an unknown concentration is titrated to completion using 63mL of 3.0 MNaOH.
What is the concentration of the acid?
Answer:
5.4 M.
Explanation:
At complete neutralization: It is known that the no. of millimoles of acid equal that of the base.(MV)acid = (MV)NaOH
M of acid = ??? M, V of acid = 35.0 mL.
M of NaOH = 3.0 M, V of NaOH = 63.0 mL.
∴ M of acid = (MV)NaOH / (V)acid = (3.0 M)(63.0 mL)/(35.0 mL) = 5.4 M.
What is the first step in most stoichiometry problems?
Answer:
The first step in most stoichiometry problems is to balance the chemical equation.Explanation:
Stoichiometry is the cuantitative study of the chemical reactions.
It is like algebra applied to chemical equations.
The cuantitative relations between the amount of reactants and products is determined by the law of conservation of mass: the number of each kind of atoms in the reactants must equal the number of the same kind of atoms in the products.
Once that relation has been established, as mole ratios, then it can be determined the amount of reactant neeed to obtain a certain amount of product, or vice versa, determine the amount of product that can be obtained from a given amount of reactants.
That is why, after you know the reactants and products in a chemical equation you must balance to assure that the relative amounts are properly established.
Final answer:
The first step in most stoichiometry problems is to plan the problem by writing and balancing the chemical equation correctly, which is foundational for accurate stoichiometry calculations.
Explanation:
The first step in most stoichiometry problems is to plan the problem. This typically involves writing and balancing the chemical equation. Ensuring that all formulas are correct and balanced is crucial as it lays the foundation for all subsequent calculations in the stoichiometry process. Once the equation is balanced, you can proceed to write the ionic and net ionic equations if necessary, assign oxidation numbers, or derive stoichiometric factors to relate the amounts of substances involved. It is also important to identify the 'given' information and what the problem is asking you to 'find,' as well as list other known quantities.
How old is the moon? much older than Earth about the same age as Earth older than the sun much younger than Earth
Answer:
Much younger than Earth
Explanation:
The moon is believed to be much more younger than the earth.
The moon is earth's only natural satellite.
It is hypothesised that a planetary body as big as Mars collided with earth. The impact causes vapourization and hauling of materials from the earth crust and mantle.
The blasted particles and the matter were pulled together by gravity. These ones formed our satellite, the moon.
Some of the matter fell back to the earth surface.
The moon was formed after earth was formed and it is much younger than our blue planet.
The Moon is about the same age as Earth, approximately 4.5 billion years old, with lunar rock samples dating between 3.3 and 4.4 billion years, indicating a shared origin in the solar system.
The age of the Moon is a subject of geologic interest and has been determined through scientific investigation, particularly through the analysis of lunar rocks retrieved during the Apollo missions. Studies have revealed that the Moon and Earth have approximately the same age, which is in the vicinity of 4.5 billion years old. Radiometric age-dating of the lunar rocks has shown that the samples solidified between about 3.3 and 4.4 billion years ago, which are substantially older than most of the rocks found on Earth.
Therefore, when answering the student's question about the Moon's age, the best choice is 'about the same age as Earth'. While there are lunar rocks that are older than most of Earth's rocks, both Earth and Moon formed together in the same time frame, in the earlier days of the solar system.
More than DOUBLE POINTS!! Please help ASAP!! 1 hour left !!
Describe the structure of the water molecule and indicate how the structure is responsible for many of the unique properties of this vital compound.
Everything helps !! Giving BRAINLIEST to the most DETAILED answer!! Thanks in advance!! :)
A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom, and its overall structureis bent. This is because the oxygen atom, in addition to forming bonds with the hydrogen atoms, also carries two pairs of unshared electrons.
Answer:
Explanation:
The structure of water molecule is very simple . it's has a central oxygen atom ( which has a valency of two ) . Since it's valency is two , it can two hydrogen atoms to both of it's sides ( which have a valency of one )
Structure :
H-O-H
Water is known as amphoteric substance , as it has the ability to act as either a base or an acid ( depending upon the substance it's reacting with ) . On top of that a very electro negative oxygen atom reacts with an electro positive hydrogen gives the molecule a strong bonding force ( which results in a molecule that is held by hydrogen bonding , which is a very strong attraction) . And when its bonded with some strong electro forces of attraction , Guess what happens ? It's boiling point increases !!!! ( It means you have to heat it up more to boil water ) . Which also means it has high heat of vaporization ( to get water into it's vapour state ) .all of that just because it has high forces if attraction between one another ...
Explain how you would determine the molar mass of C2H6.
Answer:-
Name of Chemical Compound: (if given otherwise not necessary) Ethane.
Chemical formula: C2H6.
Finding molar mass of Ethane(C2H6):-
Molar mass of Ethane = 12×2+1×6
Molar mass of Ethane = 2 + 6
Molar mass of Ethane = 30 g/mol
[ Note:
• Molar mass: Mass(is represented/taken in grams)of one mole of a substance.
• g/mol means grams per mole ].
Answer:
Molar mass of ethane is determined by adding atomic mass of all the constituent atoms.
Explanation:
Molar mass of a molecule is determined by adding all the atomic masses of constituent atoms.
In ethane molecule, there are two carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms.
Atomic mass of carbon is 12g and atomic mass of hydrogen is 1g.
So molar mass of ethane is- [tex](2\times atomic mass of C)+(6\times atomic mass of H)[/tex] or [tex](2\times 12g)+(6\times 1g)[/tex] or 30g.
Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous iron(II) chloride to form aqueous aluminum chloride and iron metal. What is the stoichiometric coefficient for aluminum when the chemical equation is balanced using the lowest, whole-number stoichiometric coefficients? Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous iron(II) chloride to form aqueous aluminum chloride and iron metal. What is the stoichiometric coefficient for aluminum when the chemical equation is balanced using the lowest, whole-number stoichiometric coefficients? 3. 1. 4. 2.
Answer:
2.
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of aluminum metal reacts with aqueous iron(II) chloride to form aqueous aluminum chloride and iron metal is:2Al(s) + 3FeCl₂(aq) → 2AlCl₃(aq) + 3Fe(s).
It is clear that 2 mol of Al react with 3 mol of FeCl₂ to produce 2 mol of AlCl₃ and 3 mol of Fe.
So, the the stoichiometric coefficient for aluminum when the chemical equation is balanced is 2.The stoichiometric coefficient for aluminum, Al when the chemical equation is balanced is 2.
To obtain the stoichiometric coefficient for aluminum, we shall write and balance the equation for the reaction. This is illustrated below:
Aluminum => Al
Iron (II) chloride => FeCl₂
Aluminum chloride => AlCl₃
Iron => Fe
Aluminum + Iron (II) chloride —> Aluminum chloride + Iron
Al + FeCl₂ –> AlCl₃ + Fe
There are 3 atoms of Cl on the right side and 2 atoms on the left side. It can be balance by writing 3 before FeCl₂ and 2 before AlCl₃ as shown below:
Al + 3FeCl₂ –> 2AlCl₃ + Fe
There are 2 atoms of Al on the right side and 1 atom on the left. It can be balance by writing 2 before Al as shown below:
2Al + 3FeCl₂ –> 2AlCl₃ + Fe
There are 3 atoms of Fe on the left side and 1 atom on the right side. It can be balance by writing 3 before Fe as shown below:
2Al + 3FeCl₂ –> 2AlCl₃ + 3Fe
Now, the equation is balanced.
The coefficient of Aluminum, Al in the balanced equation is 2.
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in order to protect aquifers near landfills, material is placed under the soil to prevent pollution. which following property must the protective material possess?
a) high porosity
b) low permeability
c) high reflectivity
d) low conductivity
Answer:
b) low permeability
Explanation:
In landfills, materials with low porosity and low permeability are often placed under the soil to prevent pollution.
Permeability deals with the inter-connectivity of pore spaces within a rock or soil unit. Permeability aids the movement or transmission of fluids within the pores of a rock. When pore spaces are interconnected, permeability increases. This would eventually lead to leaking of dissolved materials from the landfill into the ground water system and can contaminate the environment.
Which compound can act as both a Brønsted-Lowry acid and a Brønsted-Lowry base?
a. water
b. oxygen
c. sodium hydroxide
d. hydrochloric acid
What kind of decay must have occurred given the reaction below?
These are two questions and two complete answers.
Answers:
Question #5.: alpha decayQuestion #6.: SnExplanation:
A) Question #5.
The figure shows that the parent nuclide is [tex]^{222}_{86}Ra[/tex] and the daughter nuclide is [tex]^{218}_{84}Po[/tex]
A mass number balance and an atomic number balance show the features of the radiation emitted.
a) Mass number balance:
The mass number is the superscript to the left of the chemical symbol and is the amount of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.
222 = x + 218 ⇒ x = 222 - 218 = 4Hence, the mass number of the unknown emitted particle is 4.
b) Atomic number balance.
The atomic number is the subscript to the left of the chemical symbol and is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.
86 = x + 2 ⇒ x = 86 - 2 = 84.Hence, the atomic number (number of protons) of the unknown emitted particle is 2.
Conclusion: the emitted particle is a particle with 2 protons and 2 neutrons, which is a nucleus of helium, ⁴₂He, also called alpha particle, and the reaction is named alpha decay.
B) Question #6
Again, a mass number balance and an atomic number balance will tell which element is the missing product in the reaction.
The reaction is:
[tex]^{233}_{92}U+^1_0n{->}^{99}_{42}Mo+3^1_0n+?[/tex]
a) Atomic number balance:
92 + 0 = 42 + 3(0) + x ⇒ x = 92 - 42 = 50Hence, the missing product has atomic number 50 which permits to tell that it is an atom of tin (Sn).
b) Mass number balance:
233 + 1 = 99 + 3(1) + x ⇒ x = 233 + 1 - 99 - 3 = 132Which means that the missing product has a 132 neutrons and protons:
50 protons (determined above) and 132 - 50 = 82 neutrons.The symbol of this atom is:
[tex]^{132}_{50}Sn[/tex]Which BEST describes the illustration below?
A pure substance made of a compound
A pure substance made of an element
A mixture made up of different compounds
A mixture made up of different elements
Answer:
KIKOKEN
Explanation:
When calcium and chlorine react to form calcium chloride, which substance is reduced? *
calcium
clhorine
calcium chloride
not enough info
Answer:-
When the reaction takes place Ca is reduced or is an oxidizing agent.
Reaction:
Ca + 2Cl =CaCl2
Note: There is a +2 charge on Ca(Calcium) and -1 charge on each Cl-atom(Chlorine atom) hence the charges are cancelled. Therefore, the total charge on the whole compound is zero.
Explanation:-
• Reduction: gain of electron/electrons
gain of hydrogen
loss of oxygen
Oxidation: gain of oxygen
loss of hydrogen
loss of electron/electrons.
• Oxidizing agent/reduced
Reducing agent/oxidized
• The molecule that is oxidized loses an electron and the molecule that is reduced gains the electron that was lost by the oxidized molecule.
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{\text{Chlorine}}[/tex]
Explanation:
We must use oxidation numbers to decide which substance is reduced.
[tex]\rm \stackrel{\hbox{0}}{\hbox{Ca}} + \stackrel{\hbox{0}}{\hbox{ Cl}_{2} }\longrightarrow \stackrel{\hbox{+2}}{\hbox{Ca }}\stackrel{\hbox{-1}}{\hbox{Cl}_{2}}[/tex]
The oxidation number of Ca increases from 0 in Ca to +2 in CaCl₂.
The oxidation number of Cl decreases from 0 in Cl₂ to -1 in CaCl₂.
[tex]\text{A decrease in oxidation number is reduction, so } \boxed{\textbf{Cl$_{2}$ is the substance reduced.}}[/tex]
In a perfect gas all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly elastic and there are no intermolecular attractive forces. Many common gases behave as a perfect or ideal gas at room temperature and pressure. The ideal gas law relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a known amount of gas. Which equation represents the pressure-volume-temperature-mole relationship of an ideal gas?
A)
(P1/T1)=(P2/T2)
B)
(P1V1/T1)=(P2V2/T2)
C)
P1V1=P2V2
D)
PV=nRT
Answer:
PV=nRT
Explanation:
P stands for Pressure T for absolute temperature, n is the number of moles of the ideal gas which is calculated by dividing the mass of the gas by the relative molecular mass, that is, mass(grams)/ RMM, R is the univeral gas constant=8.31441J/Kmol
Option D) PV =nRT is the correct answer.
The equation that represents pressure-volume-temperature-mole relationship of an ideal gas is PV = nRT
Ideal Gas LawThe Ideal gas law or general gas equation emphasizes on the state or behavior of a hypothetical ideal gas. It states that pressure P times volume V is equal to moles times temperature and the universal gas constant. It is expressed;
[tex]PV = nRT[/tex]
Where;
P is pressureV is volumen is the amount of substance molesT is temperature and R is the ideal gas constant.Hence, Option D) PV =nRT is the correct answer.
The equation that represents pressure-volume-temperature-mole relationship of an ideal gas is PV = nRT
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Calcium is obtained industrially by electrolysis of molten cacl2 and is used in aluminum alloys. how many coulombs are needed to produce 13.3 g of ca metal? if a cell runs at 15 a, how many minutes will it take to produce 13.3 g of ca(s)?
Answer:
64 000 C; 71 min
Explanation:
1. Number of coulombs
a. Write the equation for the half-reaction.
Ca²⁺ + 2e⁻ ⟶ Ca
b. Calculate the moles of Ca
Moles of Ca = 13.3 g Ca × (1 mol Ca/40.08 g Ca) = 0.3318 mol Ca
c. Calculate the moles of electrons
Moles of electrons = 0.3318 mol Ca × (2 mol electrons/1 mol Ca) = 0.6637 mol electrons
d. Calculate the number of coulombs
No. of coulombs = 0.6637 mol electrons × (96 485 C/1 mol electrons)
= 64 000 C
It takes 64 000 C to produce 13.3 g of Ca.
2. Time required
Q = It
t = Q/I = 64 000 C/15 C·s⁻¹ = 4270 s
t = 4270 s × 1 min/60 s = 71 min
The process will take 71 min.
Water heating on a gas-powered stove involves?
electromagnetic energy.
thermal energy.
solar energy.
mechanical energy.
chemical energy.
nuclear energ
Water heating on a gas-powered stove involves thermal energy and chemical energy.
What is thermal energy?
Thermal energy is defined as a type of energy which is contained within a system which is responsible for temperature rise.Heat is a type of thermal energy.It is concerned with the first law of thermodynamics.
Thermal energy arises from friction and drag.It includes the internal energy or enthalpy of a body of matter and radiation.It is related to internal energy and heat .It arises when a substance whose molecules or atoms are vibrating faster.
These vibrating molecules and atoms collide and as a result of which heat is generated in a substance , more the collision of particles , higher is the thermal energy.It has 3 forms: 1) conduction 2) convection 3) radiation.
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_____ is a measurement of heat. A) Only warmth B) Only cold C) Warmth or cold D) Temperature
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Answer:
D
Explanation:measurement of heat The usual means of measuring temperature is a thermometer. It measures the degree or intensity of heat and usually consists of a glass tube with a bulb at the lower portion of the tube that contains mercury, colored alcohol, or a volatile liquid.
What is the relative rate of effusion for hydrogen iodide (128 g/mol) compared to gaseous hydrochloric acid (36.5 g/mol)
This question is hard but I found the answer from merit nation
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For the reaction below, describe the temperature and pressure conditions that would produce the highest yield for the forward reaction. Explain your answer in terms of Le Châtelier's principle. (2 points)
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ---><--- 2NH3(g) delta H = -92 kJ/mol
Answer:
"CO(g) + 2H2 (g) <---> CH3OH (g) and that the reaction is exothermic (the delta H value is negative). The reaction is exothermic, so lowering the temperature will shift the equilibrium toward the right. Since the reaction uses 3 moles of gas to form 1 mole of gas, increasing the pressure will shift the reaction toward the right. So, low temperature and high pressure will produce the highest yield.
What change in the mass number of a nucleus occurs when the nucleus emits an alpha particle? 1. The mass number decreases by 2. The mass number decreases by 4. The mass number increases by 4 The mass number increases by 2.
Alpha particles are respective to the helium-4 ion. Therefore it has a mass of four and a positive charge of two. The correct answer is the mass number increases by 4.
If a nucleus emits an alpha particle, the mass number decreases by 4
What is an alpha particle?An alpha particle is essentially identical to a helium nucleus. An alpha particle has a mass of four units and a positive charge of two units just as the helium nucleus.
Hence, if a nucleus emits an alpha particle, the mass number decreases by 4 while the atomic number decreases by two.
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What fraction of a sample is left after exactly 3 half-lives?
(1/2)^3 is the fraction of a sample after 3 half lives
From the list of elements given, select 2 elements that would likely form an ionic bond. k, c, br, ar
Answer:
k and br is right answer
The list of elements given where k and br are two elements that form the ionic compound.
The following information should be considered:
Ionic compounds comprise of ions and are held together by the attractive forces among the oppositely charged ions.Or it should be lies between the 2 atoms with various electronegatives. In this way, k and br should form an ionic compound.Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/8041076?referrer=searchResults
Read the information in the table below:
Reaction
A Energy to break bonds is more than energy release to form bonds
B Energy to break bonds is less than energy release to form bonds
Which type of reaction is represented by B?
Endothermic reaction
Exothermic reaction
Reaction between liquids
Reaction between solids
Exothermic Reactions
Answer:
Reaction B is exothermic
Explanation:
From the context of thermodynamics, chemical reactions can be broadly classified as endothermic and exothermic reactions.
Endothermic reactions involve absorption of energy and show a positive value for the reaction enthalpy i.e. ΔH is positive. In contrast, exothermic reactions are accompanied by the release of energy and show a negative value for the enthalpy change i.e. ΔH is negative.
In a given chemical reaction energy is required to break bonds and it is released during the formation of new bonds.
The Reaction B is such that, the energy required to break bonds is less than energy released during formation bonds. Therefore, since there is a net release of energy, the reaction is exothermic.
At 66.0 ∘c , what is the maximum value of the reaction quotient, q, needed to produce a non-negative e value for the reaction so42−(aq)+4h+(aq)+2br−(aq)⇌br2(aq)+so2(g)+2h2o(l) in other words, what is q when e=0 at this temperature?
The value of q when e = 0 at the given temperature in the question is :
Q = 1.3 * 10⁻²⁶
Determine the value of q when e = 0Given that
E = 0, ΔG = -nFE,
therefore ΔG = 0
Also
Given that
ΔG = ΔG° + RTIn q
ΔG° = - RTIn q
Hence ; Q = e^ (nFE°cell / RT) -- ( 1 )
where : n = 2, F = 96500, E°cell = -0.87 volt, R = 8.314, T = 339 k
insert values into equation ( 1 )
Q = 1.3 * 10⁻²⁶
Note : E°cell = reduction half reaction + oxidation half reaction
= 0.20 volt - 1.07 volt = -0.87 volt.
Hence we can conclude that The value of q when e = 0 at the given temperature in the question is : Q = 1.3 * 10⁻²⁶
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C3H8(g) + 2O2(g) → 4H2O(g) + 3CO2(g)
ΔHreaction=2,220 kJ/mol
Calculate the enthalpy of combustion for 24.5g propane given the molecular weight of propane is 44.097 g/mol.
A)
723 kJ
B)
1,010 kJ
C)
1,230 kJ
D)
2,390 kJ
Answer:
Option C) 1,230 kJ
Explanation:
According to the data, 1 mol of propane liberates 2,220 kJ of energy when it is combusted. If we have 24.5 g of propane, this mass is equal to 0,56 mol (of propane):
44.097 g of propane---->1 mol
24.5 g of propane-------x= 0.56 mol
Then, the enthalpy of the described chemical reaction (propane´s combustion) is 2,220 kJ when 1 mol of propane is combusted, so:
1 mol propane---------->2,220 kJ of energy
0.56 mol propane (24.5 g)------------x= aproximately 1,24 kJ (which would be option C)
To calculate the enthalpy of combustion for 24.5g propane, divide the mass by the molecular weight to obtain the number of moles. Then, multiply the moles by the given enthalpy of reaction to find the enthalpy of combustion. The enthalpy of combustion for 24.5g propane is 1,230 kJ.
Explanation:To calculate the enthalpy of combustion for 24.5g propane, we need to first convert the mass of propane to moles. Dividing the mass by the molecular weight of propane gives us 24.5 g / 44.097 g/mol = 0.5558 mol. Then, we can use the equation given to calculate the enthalpy of combustion:
Enthalpy of combustion = ΔHreaction * moles of propane
Plugging in the values, we get:
Enthalpy of combustion = 2,220 kJ/mol * 0.5558 mol = 1,230 kJ
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What do elements in the same family generally have similar properties?
Answer:
Explanation:
Elements in the same family belong to the same group.
A group on the periodic table is the vertical arrangement of elements. Elements in the same group have the same amount of valence electrons in their outermost shell. We know that the valency of an element dictates its chemical properties. In group I for example, elements here have just a valence electron, this makes group I elements readily lose their electrons to achieve a noble configuration.
Physical properties to an extent also varies and progresses down the group steadily.
This is why elements in the same family are said to generally have similar properties
Elements in the same family or group on the periodic table generally have similar properties, such as reactivity and the types of compounds they form, because they have the same number of valence electrons. For example, the halogens in Group 17 and the alkali metals in Group 1 have similar properties due to their shared valence electron configurations.
Explanation:The elements in the same family or group on the periodic table generally have similar properties because they have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells. These valence electrons determine how elements interact with other substances and react chemically. For example, elements in the same family tend to have similar reactivity and form similar types of compounds.
For instance, the halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine) are all located in Group 17 of the periodic table and have similar properties because they all have seven valence electrons. They are highly reactive nonmetals that have a tendency to gain one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Another example is the alkali metals (lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.), which are found in Group 1. They all have one valence electron and are highly reactive metals that readily lose this electron to form a +1 cation.
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Explain how the sizeof particles, catalyst,concerntration and temperature of the substance can affect the rate of reaction?
Answer:
Look at explanation
Explanation:
Size of particles increases, rate of reaction decreases, and vise versa
Catalyst causes the rate of reaction to increase
Concentration increases, rate of reaction increases, and vise versa
Temperature increases, rate of reaction increases, and vise versa
Which ionic equation represents a spontaneous reaction that can occur in a voltaic cell? 1. Cu(s) + Zn(s) → Cu2+(aq) + Zn2+(aq) 2. Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s) 3. Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s) → Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq) 4. Cu2+(aq) + Zn2+(aq) → Cu(s) + Zn(s)
The ionic equation, [tex]Cu_{2}[/tex]+(aq) + Zn(s) → Cu(s) + [tex]Zn_{2}[/tex]+(aq), represents a spontaneous reaction in a voltaic cell where Zinc is oxidized (loses electrons) and Copper is reduced (gains electrons). This occurs because Zinc is more reactive than Copper.
Explanation:In a voltaic or galvanic cell, oxidation occurs at the anode and reduction occurs at the cathode. The reaction is spontaneous, which means it can occur without any external energy. Considering your given ionic equations, 3. [tex]Cu_{2}[/tex]+(aq) + Zn(s) → Cu(s) + [tex]Zn_{2}[/tex]+(aq) best represents a spontaneous reaction that would occur in a voltaic cell. This is because zinc is more active than copper and donates electrons (becomes oxidized) spontaneously. The zinc becomes zinc ions ([tex]Zn_{2}[/tex]+(aq)) and copper ions ([tex]Cu_{2}[/tex]+(aq)) gain the electrons and reduce to copper (Cu(s)). The redox potential of the [tex]Cu_{2}[/tex]+/Cu redox couple is lower than that of the [tex]Zn_{2}[/tex]+/Zn, making the reaction spontaneous in forward direction.
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An unknown substance with a mass of 25 grams releases 550 joules of energy when undergoing a temperature increase of 10 degrees Celsius. What is the specific heat of that substance? Show your work in the space below.
Answer:
2.2 J/°C.g.
Explanation:
To solve this problem, we can use the relation:Q = m.c.ΔT,
where, Q is the amount of heat released by the unknown substance (Q = 550 J).
m is the mass of the unknown mass (m = 25.0 g).
c is the specific heat of the unknown substance (c = ??? J/°C.g).
ΔT is the difference between the initial and final temperature (ΔT = 10°C).
∴ c = Q/(m.ΔT) = (550 J)/(25.0 g)(10°C) = 2.2 J/°C.g.