The combustion of ethene in the presence of excess oxygen yields carbon dioxide and water: c2h4 (g) + 3o2 (g) → 2co2 (g) + 2h2o (l) the value of δs° for this reaction is ________ j/k⋅mol.

Answer:

A.sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide water + atp

Explanation:

Cellular respiration is a biological process whereby glucose (sugar) and oxygen are used to produce ATP (energy), with carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. This process consists of three main stages, Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain. Thus, option A: 'sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP' accurately represents cellular respiration.

In the realm of biology, the reaction that best represents cellular respiration is option A: sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP. This is because, in the process of cellular respiration, glucose (sugar) and oxygen are utilized to generate energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), while releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

Cellular respiration consists of three main stages: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), and Electron Transport Chain. During these stages, energy is extracted from glucose and used to form ATP. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the process, ultimately leading to the formation of water.

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Answer:

= 160 mL

Explanation:

The equation for the reaction is;

Ca(OH)2 + 2HNO3 -----> Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O

Moles of Ca(OH)2 =  0.080 L x 5.00^-3 M

                              = 0.0004 moles

From the reaction; 2 moles of HNO3 reacts with 1 mole of Ca(OH)2

Thus; moles of HNO3 = 0.0004 Moles × 2

                                    = 0.0008 moles

Volume = moles/ molarity

Therefore; volume of HNO3= 0.0008 Moles/ 5 × 10^-3 M

                                              = 0.16 L or 160 mL

The volume of 5×10⁻³ M HNO₃ needed to titrate 80ml of 5×10⁻³ M ca(oh)2 to the equivalence point is 160mL.

Volume of any solution will be calculated by using moles and molarity as:

Volume = moles / molarity

Given chemical reaction is:

Ca(OH)₂ + 2HNO₃ → Ca(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O

From the stoichiometry of the reaction it is clear that,

2 mole of HNO₃ = react with 1 mole of Ca(OH)₂

Given volume of Ca(OH)₂ = 80mL = 0.080L

Given molarity of Ca(OH)₂₂ = 5×10⁻³ M

Moles of Ca(OH)₂ = 0.080L x 5×10⁻³M = 0.0004 moles

0.0004 moles of Ca(OH)₂ = react with 2×0.0004 = 0.0008 moles of HNO₃

Given molarity of HNO₃ = 5×10⁻³ M

Volume of HNO₃ = 0.0008moles / 5×10⁻³ M = 0.16L = 160mL

Hence, 160mL of HNO₃ is required.

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Answer:

2 dozen of H₂ particles  + 1 dozen of O₂ particles  → 2 dozen of H₂O particles.

Explanation:

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O.

So, every 2.0 moles of H₂ react with 1.0 mole of O₂ to produce 2.0 moles of H₂O.

So, the represented reaction of the problem is:

2 dozen of H₂ particles  + 1 dozen of O₂ particles  → 2 dozen of H₂O particles.

Elk Cloner: The program with a personality. It will get on all your disks. It will infiltrate your chips. Yes, it's Cloner! It will stick to you like glue. It will modify RAM to send in the Cloner.

Answer:

Elk cloner is a computer virus designed for Apple II. This virus spreads by infecting the disks of computer operating systems. Although this virus was not primarily programmed to cause damage, it could corrupt discs by overwriting reserved tracks regardless of content. If a computer is infected with this virus, at startup it will receive the following message:

Elk Cloner: The program with personality

You will get all your records

it will get into your chips

Yes, it is Cloner!

It will stick to you as glue

will also change your RAM

Pass it on, Elk Cloner!

A. Reactant side: K(+1), Br2(0); Product side: K(+1), Br(-1). B. Potassium is oxidized, and bromine is reduced. C. Bromine is the oxidizing agent in this reaction.

A. Let's analyze the oxidation numbers for each element in the given equation:

On the reactant side:

- Potassium (K) has an oxidation number of 0.

- Bromine (Br2) is a diatomic molecule, and its oxidation number is 0.

On the product side:

- Potassium bromide (KBr) has potassium with an oxidation number of +1, and bromine with an oxidation number of -1.

B. To determine which element is oxidized and which is reduced, compare the oxidation numbers:

- Potassium goes from an oxidation number of 0 to +1, indicating that it loses electrons and is oxidized.

- Bromine goes from an oxidation number of 0 to -1, indicating that it gains electrons and is reduced.

C. The oxidizing agent is the substance that causes another substance to be oxidized. In this reaction, bromine is the oxidizing agent because it causes potassium to lose electrons (undergo oxidation).

Final answer:

In the reaction 2K + Br2 → 2KBr, K is oxidized from an oxidation number of 0 to +1 and Br2 is reduced from 0 to -1. Br2 is the oxidizing agent as it gains electrons; K is the reducing agent as it loses electrons.

Explanation:

To answer the question about the chemical reaction 2K + Br2 → 2KBr:

Assigning oxidation numbers: Potassium (K) has an oxidation number of 0 as a pure element, and Bromine (Br2) also has an oxidation number of 0 as a diatomic molecule. In the product, potassium bromide (KBr), K has an oxidation number of +1 and Br has an oxidation number of -1.

Identifying what is oxidized and what is reduced: Potassium (K) is oxidized because its oxidation number increases from 0 to +1. Bromine (Br2) is reduced because its oxidation number decreases from 0 to -1.

Determining the oxidizing agent and reducing agent: The oxidizing agent is Bromine (Br2), because it gains electrons and is reduced to Br- ions. The reducing agent is Potassium (K), as it loses electrons and is oxidized to K+ ions.

Answer: true

Explanation:

Final answer:

The statement about serving hot tea in china tea cups is a cultural preference deeply rooted in Chinese history and the appreciation for fine porcelain from the Song dynasty, highlighting the importance of tradition in the enjoyment of tea.

Explanation:

The statement "Hot tea is best when served in china tea cups" touches upon aspects of culture, history, and personal preference rather than an objective truth. From the perspective of Chinese culture and history, true porcelain, invented in the Song dynasty, became a treasured export product.

The use of china tea cups is often associated with maintaining the temperature and enhancing the flavor of tea due to its thin walls and smooth surface. Additionally, Ceylon tea, known for its purity, along with the ritualistic and cultural aspects surrounding tea consumption, illustrate the historical significance and personal nature of tea drinking preferences. Therefore, the belief that hot tea is best served in china tea cups can be seen as a cultural preference rather than an absolute truth.

You haven't provided a list of answers but the law to which states "volume of gas is proportional to the number of moles of gas," is Avogadro's law.

Answer:

V₂ = 14.56 mL.

Explanation:

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm.

V is the volume of the gas in L.

n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol.

R  is the general gas constant,

T is the temperature of the gas in K.

(P₁*V₁) / T₁ = (P₂ * V₂) / T₂

V₁  =  80.0 mL, P₁ = 0.20 atm, T₁ = 27  °C + 273 = 300 K.

V₂  =  ??? mL, P₂ (STP) = 1.0 atm, T₂ (STP) = 0 °C + 273  =  273 K.

Applying in the above equation

(P ₁* V₁) / T₁ = (P₂ * V₂) / T₂

(0.20 atm * 80.0 mL) / 300 K= (1.0 atm  * V₂) / 273 K

V₂ = (0.20 atm * 80.0 mL * 273 K) / (300 K * 1.0 atm)

V₂ = 14.56 mL

So, the answer is: V₂ = 14.56 mL.

The gas volume at STP will be approximately 14.56 mL, derived using the combined gas law.

To solve this problem, we need to use the combined gas law, which is expressed as:

(P1 * V1) / T1 = (P2 * V2) / T2

Given:

We need to find the final volume V2 at STP.

Rearranging the combined gas law to solve for V2:

V2 = (P1 * V1 * T2) / (P2 * T1)

Plugging in the values:

V2 = (0.200 atm * 80.0 mL * 273 K) / (1 atm * 300 K)

V2 = (4368 mL * K) / (300 K)

V2 ≈ 14.56 mL

Thus, the volume of the gas at STP is approximately 14.56 mL.

Answer: 10 or less

Explanation: The reason it should be ten or less is because having to many people can make you feel uncomfortable. So you want to stick with a big group but not that big of a group.

Ten or less is a comfortable number of guests for an evening of good conversation.  

Usually people visit their neighbors or go as guest to their relative houses during evening time. It is because evening is the exact time during which all the members of the family will be present at home. Some people like to converse with each other.  

The best count for comfortable evening conversation may be ten or less. It is considered as best because; if a guest is visiting our house we need to provide hospitality to them by serving something to eat and to provide space to sit. If the count goes above 10, it will become crowded and will cause problem in hospitality and will not pave wave for good conversation.

Answer:

The correct option is GRADUATED CYLINDER.

Explanation:

Each of the glassware used in the laboratory has its specific functions. The graduated cylinder is especially manufacture to facilitate the measurement of accurate volume of liquids in the laboratory. Measurements obtained by means of graduated cylinder can be considered to be moderately accurate; volumentric flasks are more accurate than graduated cylinder and should be used when higher precision are required.

The most accurate piece of glassware to measure the volume of a liquid is a graduated cylinder, due to its precise measurement markings. Other forms of glassware like test tubes, beakers, and flasks can also measure volume, but with less accuracy.

The piece of glassware used to measure the volume of a liquid with the greatest accuracy among the given options is a graduated cylinder. Test tubes, beakers, and flasks provide approximate measurements, but for higher accuracy, a graduated cylinder is used. This is due to the precise measurements inscribed on the surface of the cylinder. Graduated cylinders are typically used in scientific experiments where accuracy is crucial for obtaining reliable and valid results.

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The answers would be 3 and 2 so the subscripts would both equal 6.

Answer: [tex]3O_2(g)\rightarrow 2O_3(g)[/tex]

Explanation:

According to the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed. Thus the mass of products has to be equal to the mass of reactants. The number of atoms of each element has to be same on reactant and product side. Thus chemical equations are balanced.

The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction will be:

[tex]3O_2(g)\rightarrow 2O_3(g)[/tex]

where the (g) stands for the state of reactants and products which is gaseous.

Answer:

The relationship of pH and concentration of H+ ion is pH = -lg[H+]. So the concentration of H+ is 10^(-2). And [OH-][H+]=10^(-14). pOH + pH = 14. So the right answer is A.

Answer:

i don't see the statement but value is 14

Explanation:

Answer:

The excitation energy is always greater than the emission energy .

Explanation:

When a molecule absorbs energy, electrons are excited from the ground state (S₀) to different vibrational levels of the excited state (S₁) in about 1 fs.

In the next picosecond, most of them will drop to the lowest vibrational level of S₁.

They remain there for about 10 ns, and then they drop to different vibrational levels of S₀.

The excitation energy is always greater than the emission energy because excitation occurs from the ground state of S₀ to a higher vibrational level of S₁, while emission occurs from the lowest vibrational level of S₁ to a higher vibrational of S₀.

The excitation energy of fluorescence is greater than the emission energy.

Excitation has to do with absorption of energy by a ground state molecule in (S₀) moving it to a different vibrational levels  (S₁) which is higher in about 1 fs.

It the subsequently drops in one picosecond, most of them will drop to the lowest vibrational level of S₁.

Note that excitation energy must be greater than emission energy owing to the fact that excitation begins at the ground state moving up to a higher vibrational level , while emission begins at the lowest vibrational level moving up to a higher vibrational levels.

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The answer is inversely

Answer:

Option (b) "inversely

"

Explanation:

The energy of a photon is given by :

[tex]E=\dfrac{hc}{\lambda}[/tex]

Where

h is the Planck's constant

c is the speed of light

[tex]\lambda[/tex] is the wavelength

Or it can be written as :

[tex]E=h\nu[/tex].....(1)

[tex]\nu[/tex] is the frequency.

Equation (1) can be rearranged as :

[tex]h=\dfrac{E}{\nu}[/tex]

So, it is clear that Planck's constant relates the energy in one photon of electromagnetic radiation is inversely proportional to the frequency of the radiation. Hence, the correct option is (b) "inversely".

Number of your protons in an atom

The number of Protons

Atomic number 70

weight 173

number of neutron = weight - Atomic number

= 173 -70

=103

The optimal number of neutrons for a nucleus containing 70 protons is 130

In chemistry, the nucleus is the positively charged center of the atom that consist of protons and neutrons. It's also known as the "atomic nucleus"

The neutron is a subatomic particle with no net electric charge and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton. The neutron is have symbol n or n⁰. Protons and neutrons constitute the nuclei of atoms.

Neutron is a type of atomic particle which does not possess any kind of charge on it. It has neutral behavior toward atoms since it does not possess any kind of charges but it contributes to the mass of the atoms.

Atomic number = 70

Atomic weight = 173

Atomic weight = number of protons + number of neutrons

Atomic number = number of protons

Therefore, the number of protons = 70

Number of neutrons = atomic weight - number of protons

Number of neutrons = 173 - 70 = 103

Optimal number of neutrons = 130

Grade:  9

Subject:  chemistry

Chapter:  the optimal number of neutrons

Keywords: protons, nucleus, neutrons

Answer:

beaker and flasks

Explanation:

Answer:

The right choice is:

B. 21, 21, 53.

Explanation:

Atomic Number = Number of electrons = Number of protons

So, the No. of protons (A) =  Number of electrons =21

Atomic Number (B) = Number  of electrons =21

Mass number (C) = Number of electrons + Number of neutrons = 21 + 32 = 53

So, the right choice is:

B. 21, 21, 53.

Answer:

Explanation:

1. A mixture that does not have a uniform composition and the individual components remain distinct.

HETEROGENEOUS

An heterogeous mixture is a mixture with components in different phases.

2. A mixture that does have a uniform composition throughout and is always in the same state.

HOMOGENOUS

Homogenous mixtures have just one phase that is uniform all through.

3. A substance that will not dissolve in a solvent.

INSOLUBLE

When a solute cannot dissolve in a solvent to form a solution, we say it is insoluble.

4. A homogeneous mixture

SOLUTION

Solutions are made up of homogenous mixtures solute and solvent.

5. A molecule with no internal charge variation due to bonding.

NON-POLAR

Even distribution of charges especially between species whose electronegativity difference is 0 would lead to the formation of a non-polar compound. Here,

6. A molecule with an uneven distribution of charge due to unequal sharing of electrons during bonding

POLAR

Unequal sharing of electrons forms a polar compound. The more electronegative attracts the shared electron to itself and there is separation of charges. This leads to polarity.

7. A solution which has dissolved as much solute as it can at a particular temperature.

SATURATED

A saturated solution cannot dissolve more solute beacuse it contains enough solute as it can dissolve at a temperature.

8. A solution which is still able to dissolve solute.

UNSATURATED

An unsaturated solution is able to dissolve more solute.

A mixture that does not have a uniform composition and the individual components remain distinct is called a heterogeneous mixture. A mixture that does have a uniform composition throughout and is always in the same state is called a homogeneous mixture or solution. A substance that will not dissolve in a solvent is referred to as insoluble.

1. A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that does not have a uniform composition and the individual components remain distinct. For example, a mixture of oil and vinegar is heterogeneous because you can see separate layers of oil and vinegar.

2. A homogeneous mixture, also known as a solution, is a mixture that does have a uniform composition throughout and is always in the same state. An example is a sugar dissolved in water. The sugar particles are evenly distributed throughout the water.

3. Insoluble refers to a substance that will not dissolve in a solvent. For instance, sand is insoluble in water, meaning it does not dissolve in water.

4. A solution is considered saturated when it has dissolved as much solute as it can at a particular temperature. Any additional solute added will not dissolve and will form a precipitate.

5. A nonpolar molecule is a molecule with no internal charge variation due to bonding. Examples include methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

6. A polar molecule is a molecule with an uneven distribution of charge due to unequal sharing of electrons during bonding. Water (H2O) is a polar molecule because the oxygen atom attracts electrons more strongly than the hydrogen atoms.

7. An unsaturated solution is a solution that is still able to dissolve solute. It has not yet reached its maximum capacity to dissolve solute.

8. A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that does not have a uniform composition and the individual components remain distinct. An example is a mixture of oil and water. The oil and water do not mix and separate into distinct layers.

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Answer:

303 K

Explanation:

Converting 30 degrees Celsius to Kelvin temperature would come out to 303.15 ; it would not be any higher considering the decimal amount, so it would remain a positive 303 k. Hope this helps!

The Kelvin temperature for 30°C is 303k.

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Answer:

1.874 M.

Explanation:

Molarity is defined as the no. of moles of a solute per 1.0 L of the solution.

M = (no. of moles of solute)/(V of the solution (L)).

∴ M = (mass/molar mass)of NiCl₂/(V of the solution (L)).

∴ M = (mass/molar mass)of NiCl₂/(V of the solution (L)) = (85.0 g / 129.59 g/mol)/(0.35 L) = 1.874 M.

Answer:

Gases tend to deviate from ideal gas law at high pressures and low temperatures.

Explanation:

The main statements from molecular kinetic theory to describe an ideal gas is that 1) the gas particles occupy a neglictible fraction of the total volume of the gas, and 2) there is not force of attraction between gas particles.

HIgh pressure means that the gas particles will be forced  closer to each other, making that the mean distance between the particles be realtively more important and their volume less neglictible. This is a violation the first assumption described above.

Since the temperature is directly related to the kinetic energy, and the latter with the movement of the particles (average speed), low temperatures lead to the molecules being less independent of each other, i.e. the forces between the molecules will count more . This fact constitutes a violation of the second principle established in the first paragraph.

In conclusion, high pressures and low temperatures tend to deviate gases from the ideal gas law.

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Answer:

C. Cl2 and SF6

Explanation:

Therefore, in this case we need two gases that have a ratio of their rates of diffusion as 1.43.

Thus; For Cl2 and SF6

Molecular mass of Cl2 is 70.906 g/mol, while that of SF6 is 146.06 g/mol

Therefore, the ratio of their rates of diffusion will be;

√(MM of SF6)/√(MM of Cl2) = √ 146.06/√70.906

                                              = 1.4352

                                              = 1.43

Therefore; the two gases required are Cl2 and SF6

Based on Graham's law, if one gas effuses 1.43 times as fast as another, the faster-moving gas likely has a lower molar mass. An exemplary pair could be helium and neon.

The phenomenon of effusion is dictated by Graham's law, which states the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles. If one of the gases escapes 1.43 times as fast as the other, it could be inferred that the slower-moving gas has a greater molar mass in comparison to the faster one due to an inverse relationship.

However, without specific details about the exact molar masses, it's challenging to state precisely what the gases could be. Nonetheless, in a hypothetical scenario, it could be a pair of helium and neon, where helium being lighter would effuse faster. Please remember, that this is just an illustrative example.

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Answer:

Amine

Explanation:

This functional group is that of amines. Specifically a secondary amine. It is called an N-subsituted amino group.

Here, two Hydrogen atoms of ammonia have been replaced by alkyl and/or aryl groups. The functional group of this class of amines is -NHR (N-alkylamino or N-arylamino group).

The amines shows considerable basicity.

Answer:

amine

Explanation:

The ideal gas law has the power to unravel any enigmatic gas law enigma. The captivating gas law intertwines the connections between pressure, volume, temperature, and the multitude of moles of gas.

It is conveyed through the equation PV = nRT, where P symbolizes pressure, V signifies volume, n represents the count of moles, R stands for the ideal gas constant, and T embodies temperature.

This equation empowers us to compute any of the four variables (pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles) if we possess knowledge of the other three. It bestows a comprehensive framework for comprehending and prophesying the conduct of gases in diverse circumstances.

The spellbinding gas law can be employed to crack riddles concerning modifications in volume, pressure, or temperature of a gas, as well as enigmas involving the calculation of the number of moles of gas. It is an elemental instrument in the exploration of gases and is extensively applicable in domains such as chemistry, physics, and engineering.

In summary, the ideal gas law is an adaptable equation that encompasses the bonds between pressure, volume, temperature, and the multitude of moles of gas, rendering it the paramount preference for unraveling a vast array of gas law enigmas.

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Answer:D - adding a catalyst

Explanation:

In this analogy, adding more students is analogous to adding more particles of reactants in a chemical reaction. Shrinking the hallways is analogous to decreasing the volume of the reaction container. A chemical catalyst helps change the rate of a chemical reaction by decreasing the activation energy.

Question 1: Adding more students in this analogy is analogous to adding more particles of reactants in a chemical reaction. Just like adding more students can increase the amount of activity and interactions in a classroom, adding more particles of reactants can increase the collision frequency and hence the reaction rate.

Question 2: Shrinking the hallways in this analogy is analogous to decreasing the volume of the reaction container in a chemical reaction. Just like shrinking the hallways restricts the movement of students, decreasing the volume of the reaction container restricts the movement of particles and increases the collision frequency.

Question 3: A chemical catalyst helps change the rate of a chemical reaction by decreasing the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. It provides an alternate reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, allowing more particles to have sufficient energy to react.

Question 4: Shortening the passing periods in this analogy is analogous to increasing the temperature of the reaction in a chemical reaction. Just like shortening the passing periods allows students to move faster and increases their chances of colliding, increasing the temperature of the reaction increases the kinetic energy of particles and enhances their collision frequency.

Question 5: Hiring a matchmaker in this analogy is analogous to adding a chemical catalyst in a chemical reaction. Just as a matchmaker facilitates the meeting of compatible people, a chemical catalyst facilitates the reaction between reactant particles, increasing the reaction rate.

Question 6: Two conditions that must be met for a chemical reaction to take place are collisions with the proper orientation and sufficient activation energy. Collisions between reactant particles must occur with the proper orientation to enable the formation of new chemical bonds, and these collisions must also have sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier.

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Answer:

D. 2NH₃(g) ⟶ N₂(g) + 3H₂(g)

Explanation:

A chemical equation must show the correct formulas for reactants and products.

A and B are wrong, because they have NH₃ as a product.

C is wrong. H₃ does not exist.

A is correct. The equation for the decomposition of ammonia is

2NH₃(g) ⟶ N₂(g) + 3H₂(g)

2NH₃(g) ⟶ N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) correctly represents the reaction that takes place when nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas are formed as ammonia decomposes. Hence, option D is correct.

A decomposition reaction occurs when one reactant breaks down into two or more products.

This can be represented by the general equation: AB → A + B.

Thus, 2NH₃(g) ⟶ N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) correctly represents the reaction that takes place when nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas are formed as ammonia decomposes.

Hence, option D is correct.

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Answer:

The answer is urine (A)

Explanation:

The strong acid and strong base has high rate constant of dissociation. The rate constant for weak acid and base for the dissociation is low, they do not easily dissociate in water. Therefore, option A is the correct option.

Acid is a solution which releases H⁺ hydrogen ion when dissolved in water. Base releases hydroxide ion OH⁻ ion when dissolved in water.

pH is a measurement of amount of hydronium ion H₃O⁺ in a given sample. Strength of acidic nature is directly proportional to the concentration of hydronium ion.

On subtracting pH from 14, we get pOH which measures the concentration of hydroxide ion in a given solution. Temperature affect the pH. At room temperature pH scale is between 0 to 14. 7 is the pH of neutral solution. Urine among all the given option  would have the highest pOH level.

Therefore, option A is the correct option.

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Answer:

Desertification mainly impacts land  resources.

Point and nonpoint sources refer to types of water pollution.

The process of people moving to cities, called   urbanization , greatly impacts land, air, and water resources.

The burning of fossil fuels can cause smog and acid rain.

Explanation:

Desertification impacts natural resources. Point and nonpoint sources refer to types of water pollution. Urbanization has significant impacts on land, air, and water resources. The burning of fossil fuels can cause environmental pollution.

Desertification mainly impacts natural resources. This process refers to the degradation of once fertile land into barren desert due to factors such as climate change, deforestation, and overgrazing. It can lead to the loss of agricultural productivity, water scarcity, and biodiversity decline.

Point and nonpoint sources refer to types of water pollution. Point sources are specific and identifiable sources of pollution, such as pipes discharging industrial waste into a river. Nonpoint sources are diffuse sources, such as runoff from agricultural fields, that enter water bodies indirectly.

The process of people moving to cities, called urbanization, greatly impacts land, air, and water resources. Urbanization often leads to the conversion of agricultural land into concrete jungles, increased air pollution from vehicles and industries, and increased water demand and waste generation.

The burning of fossil fuels can cause environmental pollution. When fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are burned for energy production or transportation, they release pollutants like carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. These pollutants contribute to air pollution, climate change, and acid rain.

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Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{3.54 ng/L}}[/tex]

Explanation:

At equilibrium we have

[tex]\begin{array}{cccccc} &\text{Co}_{3}\text{(PO}_{4})_{2} & \rightleftharpoons &3\text{Co}^{2+}&+ & 2\text{PO}_{4}^{3-}\\\text{I:}& & & 0 & & 0.029\\\text{C:}& & & +3s & & 0.029 + 2s \\\text{E:}& & & 3s & &0.029+2s\\\end{array}[/tex]

[tex]K_{sp} = [\text{Co}^{2+}]^{3}[\text{PO}_{4}^{3-}]^{2}= 2.05\times10^{-35}\\\\(3s)^{3}\times (0.029 + 2s)^{2} = 2.05\times10^{-35}[/tex]

Assume that s ≪ 0.029. Then

[tex]27s^{3}\times (0.029)^{2} = 2.05\times10^{-35}\\\\2.27 \times 10^{-2}s^{3} = 2.05\times10^{-35}\\\\s^{3}= 9.028\times10^{-34}\\\\s = \sqrt[3]{9.028\times10^{-34}}= 9.665\times10^{-12}[/tex]

[tex]s = \dfrac{9.665\times10^{-12}\text{ mol}}{\text{1 L}}\times \dfrac{ \text{366.73 g} }{\text{1 mol}}\\\\ = 3.54\times 10^{-9} \text{g/L} = \text{ 3.54 ng/L}[/tex]

The solubility of cobalt(II) phosphate is [tex]\boxed{\textbf {3.54 ng/L}}[/tex].