Answer:
Local Chemical condition
Explanation:
Precapillary sphincter is a small smooth muscles that regulates the flow of blood into the capillaries.
Blood flows to the surrounding branches of the capillary due to the fact that surrounding capillaries require oxygen when the sphincters are open and the blood flows directly from the arteriole( which is a small artery) to the venule( which is a small vein) when the sphincters are closed
The opening and closing of precapillary sphincters at the beginning of a true capillary is controlled by chemical signals.
These signals work at the level of the sphincters to trigger either constriction or relaxation.
This control allows for the regulation of blood flow into a particular capillary.
For example, if the sphincter is open, blood will flow into the associated branches of the capillary blood.
Conversely, if all sphincters are closed, the blood will flow directly from the arteriole to the venule through the thoroughfare channel.
These muscle rings allow the body to accurately regulate when capillary beds receive blood flow, depending on the body's needs at any given time.
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Intracellular condensates are non-membrane bound biochemical subcompartments that form due to phase separation among networks of weakly interacting molecules. Sabari et al., 2018, proposed that the transcriptional coactivator BRD4 helps form intracellular condensates containing other transcriptional proteins. A prediction of this proposal is that BRD4 should behave as a liquid within the condensate with rapid movement. Which procedure could be used to analyze movement of BRD2 in living cells?
Answer:
Fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching.
Explanation:
This is a very valuable microscopic technique in cell biological research which is process used to measure molecular diffusion and transport. This process is based on irreversible bleaching of pool fluorescent probes in order to monitor the recovery in fluorescence caused by the movement of intact probes into the bleached spot.
Consider a situation in which the enzyme is operating at optimum temperature and pH, and has been saturated with substrate. What is your best option for increasing the rate of the reaction?
Hints
A. Increase the pH.
B. Increase the temperature.
C. Increase the enzyme concentration.
D. Increase the substrate concentration
Answer:
The correct answer is option C, that is, increase the concentration of the enzyme.
Explanation:
Biological molecules or proteins that enhance the rate of a chemical reaction taking place within the cell are known as enzymes. These proteins play an essential part in the proper functioning of the body, as they help in the process of metabolism and digestion.
In the given case, if the enzyme gets saturated with the substrate, and is working at optimum pH and temperature, then to enhance the rate of the reaction the only thing that can be done is to enhance the concentration of the enzyme. However, further stimulation of some of the enzymes can be done with the addition of allosteric activators in the reaction, otherwise, enhancing the concentration of the enzyme is the only way.
Final answer:
To increase the reaction rate when the enzyme is saturated with substrate, the best option is to increase the enzyme concentration, which adds more active sites for the substrate to bind to. Thus, option C is correct.
Explanation:
When an enzyme is operating at optimum temperature and optimum pH, and the enzyme has already been saturated with substrate, further increasing the substrate concentration will not increase the reaction rate. This is because all the enzyme's active sites are already occupied by the substrate. In such a scenario, the best option for increasing the rate of the reaction would be to increase the enzyme concentration. More enzyme molecules would provide more active sites for the substrate to bind to, thereby increasing the reaction rate, provided that there is enough substrate available to occupy these additional active sites.
During a trip to the Galapagos Islands, which observation led Charles Darwin to suspect that organisms change over time? Island finches were able to breed with mainland species. Island finches resembled mainland finches, but were not the same species. Island finches resembled extinct species from other islands around the world. Island finches did not have beaks of the same size and shape.
Charles Darwin observed graded variations in finch beak sizes and shapes, indicating potential species modifications from an original mainland species.
The correct option is 'B'.
Charles Darwin suspected that organisms change over time due to the observation that island finches exhibited a graded series of beak sizes and shapes with similarities to mainland species.
He proposed that the island species might have been modified from an original mainland species, indicating the concept of evolution.
Darwin noticed that the finches on the Galapagos Islands resembled those found on the mainland, yet they exhibited distinct differences in beak size and shape.
This observation suggested to Darwin that these finches had adapted to different environments on the islands, leading to the development of unique traits over time—a concept that contributed to his formulation of the theory of evolution by natural selection.
This observation of diversity and adaptation among the finches led Darwin to develop his theory of natural selection.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is :
During a trip to the Galapagos Islands, which observation led Charles Darwin to suspect that organisms change over time?
A. Island finches were able to breed with mainland species.
B. Island finches resembled mainland finches, but were not the same species.
C. Island finches resembled extinct species from other islands around the world.
D. Island finches did not have beaks of the same size and shape.
Sir John Eccles discovered that if a neuron was stimulated, a chemical substance was released into a synapse that caused a nearby neuron to allow the movement of sodium ions into the cell. In turn, this caused the charge of the internal membrane to increase and become more positive and an action potential became more likely to occur. This was a reversal of the electric charge.
True or False
Answer:
Option- True
The given statement, "Sir John Eccles discovered that if a neuron was stimulated, a chemical substance was released into a synapse that caused a nearby neuron to allow the movement of sodium ions into the cell. In turn, this caused the charge of the internal membrane to increase and become more positive and an action potential became more likely to occur. This was a reversal of the electric charge", is correct in all senses.Explanation:
As, the difference in chemical balance between the different neuron structures causes the synapses and thus with the help of chemicals or charge particles the message or information is sent from the initial point to its destination in order to analyze all the required information.While, Sir John Eccles was a well known neurologist and research worker who perform various experiments on improving the knowledge regarding the human nerve system.In positive control of several sugar metabolism-related operons, the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) binds to DNA to stimulate transcription. Which of the following environmental conditions causes an increase in CRP activity in stimulating transcriptionCorrect a decrease in glucose and an increase in cAMP
Answer:
CRP (cAMP receptor protein) is a protein found in bacteria. It is a regulatory protein.
Explanation:
CRP binds to cAMP which brings the conformational change which leads to the binding of CRP to specific sites on DNA promoter. This activates the transcription through interaction with RNA polymerase. Decrease in glucose and increase in cAMP causes an increase in CRP activity. cAMP is low when glucose behaves as a carbon source. This is due to inhibition of adenylate cyclase enzyme (cAMP producing enzyme). So, a decrease in glucose level will increase cAPM level.
Use the information from the article to answer the question.
Asteroids and Comets
Which statements describe the characteristics of asteroids? Check all that apply.
formed 4.6 billion years ago
orbit the Sun beyond Jupiter
range in size from a few feet to more than 300 miles across
have a total mass greater than the mass of the moon
most are found in the asteroid belt
Answer: Formed 4.6 billion years ago and most are found in the asteriod belt
Explanation:
Answer:
1.)formed 4.6 billion years ago 3.)range in size from a few feet to 300 miles across 5.) most are found in the asteroid belt
Explanation:
read the article provided
The connective tissue that covers structure a is continuous with _______
Explanation:
Tendons, situated at each finish of a muscle, connect muscle to bone. Tendons are found all through the body, from the head and neck right down to the feet. The Achilles ligament is the biggest ligament in the body. It connects the lower leg muscle to the heel bone. The rotator sleeve Tendons help your shoulder turn forward and in reverseTendons are also rough cord, yet they have somewhat more give than tendons. As a muscle gets, the appended ligament maneuvers the bone into development. Consider what happens to your bicep when you twist your elbow. Tendons likewise help ingest a portion of the effect muscles make as they spring into moveSo, the right answer for fill up the blank is "Tendon"A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes, one for head shape (H) and one for tail length (T). Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes is possible in a gamete from this organism?
A) tt
B) Hh
C) HhTt
D) T
E) HT
Answer:
The correct answer is - option E) HT
Explanation:
Gametes are the male or female haploid cells that can unite with the another haploid cell of opposite sex that carry one copy of the allele of every gene and form the zygote.
In the following question the given organism have genotype HhTt that will form gametes by the meiosis of Th, TH, tH, and ht genotype.
Thus, the correct answer would be - option E.
From the genotype HhTt, gametes would contain one allele for head shape and one for tail length due to independent segregation. The correct answer is HT, showing that gametes are haploid and can only have one allele per gene.
Explanation:The student's question pertains to the subject of genotype possibilities during sexual reproduction in animals. The organism in question has a genotype of HhTt for unlinked genes concerning head shape (H) and tail length (T). In sexual reproduction, two gametes combine, with each gamete contributing one allele per gene. As the organism is heterozygous for both traits (HhTt), its gametes can contain only one allele of each gene, segregating independently due to their unlinked nature.
Each gamete formed by this organism during meiosis will have one allele for head shape and one allele for tail length. The possible combinations of alleles it can produce in its gametes are HT, Ht, hT, and ht, where 'H' represents the dominant allele for head shape, 'h' the recessive allele, 'T' the dominant allele for tail length, and 't' the recessive allele. So, the correct answer to the question of which genotype is possible in a gamete from this organism is:
E) HT
Options A) tt and B) Hh are incorrect because gametes are haploid and thus contain only one allele per gene. Option C) HhTt is incorrect as it represents a diploid genotype, not a haploid gamete. Option D) T is not a complete gamete for these genes, as it omits the allele for head shape.
EEG studies of the neocortex suggest that the __________ frontal lobe is more active when a person wants to approach something pleasant, while activity in the __________ frontal lobe is associated with wanting to withdraw from something unpleasant.
Consider the consequences of a mutation in the DNA template sequence 5'ATG3' to 5'TTG3': What is (a) the resulting change in the mRNA codon and (b) the effect on the corresponding amino acid?
Answer:
Point mutation is the mutation that affect the single nucleotide base.
Explanation:
In the present question, ATG is replaced by TTG, that is, A (adenine, purine) is replaced by T (thymine, pyrimidine). ATG codes for methionine and TTG codes for leucine.
(a) The resulting mRNA codon will have leucine instead of methionine. ATG is a initiation codon. Without initiation codon.
(b) The resulting change will affect the amino acid also. As methionine will be replaced by leucine. The correct protein synthesis will not occur without the initiation codon.
This type of mutations are known as transversions, where purine (A) is replaced by pyrimidine (T).
What feature distinguishes this type of capillary from a continuous capillary?
Explanation:
Fenestrated capillaries are "leakier" than ceaseless vessels. They contain little pores, notwithstanding little holes between cells, in their dividers that take into consideration the trading of bigger particles. This sort of narrow is found in territories that require a great deal of trade between your blood and tissues.Function-
Capillaries are exceptionally minor veins so little that a solitary red platelet can scarcely fit through them. They help to interface your courses and veins in addition to facilitating the trading of specific components between your blood and tissues. This is the reason tissues that are extremely dynamic, for example, your muscles, liver, and kidneys, have a wealth of vessels. Less metabolically dynamic tissues, for example, specific sorts of connective tissue.The characteristics of the active site microenvironment of an enzyme can be largely independent of individual catalytic mechanisms. In general, active site microenvironments promote catalysis in which of the following ways
Answer: (1) Providing an optimized orientation of the substrate.
(2) Decreasing the ∆G in reaction.
(3) Excluding excess water.
Explanation: The active sites of enzymes increase the rate of reaction because they decrease the activation energy of the reaction,and the physical microenvironment provides an optimal orientation of the substrate relative to reactive functional groups while excluding excess solvent,such as water.
Although some active sites may have amino acids that form salt bridges with the amino acids from a substrate,not all do, so this is not a generic strategy of active site microenvironments
*Gotten directly from Quizlet*
Feigen baum popularized the term _____, which described the portion of plant capacity wasted due to poor quality. 1. Exponential distribution 2. Hidden factory 3. Quincunx 4. Quality trilogy 5. Out sourcing
Answer: Hidden Factory
Explanation:
Hidden factory can be defined as the set of activity or activities in the whole process that results in the reduction of the quality of a business or manufacturing.
The hidden factory is the not be known to the managers or to the person who wants to improve the process.
This is a kind of loss to the company because the product formed is of no use because it has quality issues.
Which statement best describes the process of respiration?
A. oxygen and sugar are used in the process that provides energy to cells, water and carbon dioxide are given off.
B. water and sugar are used in the process that provides energy to cells, oxygen and carbon dioxide are given off.
C. oxygen and carbon dioxide are used in the process that provides energy to cells, sugar and water are given off
D. carbon dioxide and sugar are used in the process that provides energy to cells and water and oxygen are given off.
Answer:
A. oxygen and sugar are used in the process that provides energy to cells, water and carbon dioxide are given off.
Explanation:Respiration is a biochemical process that uses oxygen and glucose to generate energy with the release of carbondioxide and water. All organism respires and the oxygen is used for cellular respiration.
C6H1206 +6O2----6CO2+6H2O+Atp(energy)
The Co2 and H2O is used by plant for the process of photosynthesis in producing there food.
The correct description of respiration is that oxygen and sugar are used to provide energy to cells, with water and carbon dioxide being released as byproducts.
Explanation:The statement that best describes the process of respiration is: A. oxygen and sugar are used in the process that provides energy to cells, water and carbon dioxide are given off. This process is known as cellular respiration, a vital metabolic process where cells break down glucose (sugar) in the presence of oxygen to release energy. The chemical equation representing cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 602 → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy. This means that glucose and oxygen are consumed, and carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP are produced.
It is critical to differentiate between the respiration process of the respiratory system, which involves the exchange of gases with the outside atmosphere, and cellular respiration that occurs inside cells. Both processes are interdependent, with the respiratory system providing the oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removing the carbon dioxide produced as a byproduct.
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Hydrogenation may affect not only the essential fatty acids in oils but also certain vitamins, decreasing their activity in the body. a. True b. False
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Hydrogenation is reduction reaction that leads to the addition of hydrogen to make an hydrogenated organic compound becomes more saturated with hydrogen atoms.
This process typically requires the use of catalyzing agent that takes place only at high temperatures that may affect not only essential fatty acids in oils but also certain vitamins.
Thus, the correct answer - true.
Emma is having a tea party with her stuffed animals and dolls, and pretends that they love the tea and cookies she prepared. Emma's belief that her stuffed animals and dolls are alive and hold human qualities is an example of ____.
Answer:
The correct answer is animism.
Explanation:
The concept that all the things whether living or non-living, comprising human beings, geographic features, animals, natural processes, and other non-living entities exhibits life, which associates them with each other is termed as animism. Animism is a belief that helps in determining general associations of holiness amongst the various systems of beliefs.
Animism generally has an application in explaining the differences between ancient beliefs and present organized religion. In the majority of the situations, animism is not regarded as a religion, however, a characteristic of different beliefs and practices. Thus, the given case is an illustration of animism.
Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, farming, and deforestation, are known to increase the levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides in our atmosphere. Measurable warming of Earth due to these greenhouse gases can alter ecosystem dynamics. In addition to the direct climatic effects on organisms within biomes, warming can lower levels of sea ice and increase precipitation in Arctic areas. Global warming can also melt permafrost in the tundra and increase sea surface temperatures, which could increase the intensity of hurricanes in vulnerable areas. Within communities, climatic change can shift interdependent species "out of sync," potentially causing indirect loss of species. For example, if pollinators and the plants they pollinate become out of synch, the pollinators may not be able to switch to a different food source, and the plants may not be able to reproduce. If the climate warms significantly, tundra permafrost may melt, which may lead to ________ the community.
Answer:
succession occurring in the community
Explanation:
Succession: a number of persons or things following one another in order or sequence.
A domino affect
The CNS communicates with peripheral body structures through pathways. These conduct either sensory nerve signals from ____________ or motor nerve signals to ____________ ; processing and integration occur along them. These pathways travel through the white matter of the spinal cord as they connect various CNS regions with spinal nerves. A pathway consists of a(n) ____________ (groups or bundles of axons that travel together in the CNS) and a(n) nucleus (a collection of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS).
Answer:
receptors, effectors, tract
Explanation:
first is receptor because we have to sense the stimulus for our brain to send signal to certain parts or effectors to act on it. The third blank is tract because it serves the definition of tract which says a tract major passage in the body, large bundle of nerve fibers, or other continuous elongated anatomical structure or region.
The central nervous system communicates with the body through pathways in the spinal cord that connect the CNS with peripheral nerves. These pathways consist of tracts and nuclei.
Explanation:The central nervous system (CNS) communicates with peripheral body structures through pathways. These pathways conduct either sensory nerve signals from the body or motor nerve signals to the body, while processing and integration occur along them. These pathways travel through the white matter of the spinal cord as they connect various CNS regions with spinal nerves.
A pathway consists of tracts (groups or bundles of axons that travel together in the CNS) and a nucleus (a collection of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS).
What conditions would most likely be due to high blood pressure in a mammal?
The question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows:
Which of the following conditions would most likely be due to high blood pressure in a mammal?
bursting of blood vessels in capillary beds .
inability of the right ventricle to contract .
reversal of normal blood flow direction in arteries .
destruction of red blood cells.
Answer:
Bursting of blood vessels in capillary beds.
Explanation:
The blood pressure may be defined as the pressure exerted in the walls of arteries during the blood flow. The normal blood pressure of the human being is 80/120.
The blood pressure depends upon the several factors like rate of blood flow, cardiac output and stroke volume. The high blood pressure can cause several problems like heart attack and diabetes condition become worse. The high blood pressure can also cause the bursting of blood vessels due to the high pressure on arteries.
Thus, the correct answer is option (1).
When animal cells are grown in a petri dish, they typically stop dividing once they have formed a single, unbroken layer on the bottom of the dish. This arrest of division is an example of:___________.A) cancer.B) cell constraint.C) density-dependent inhibition.D) cell division repression.E) growth factor desensitization.
Answer: C) density-dependent inhibition
Explanation: When density is high. cell division is inhibited. Density-dependent inhibition occurs when cells grow to a limit and the density of the area is high, growth becomes inhibited as a result of competition for nutrients, space and growth factors. When such arises, the cells get a notification to stop division.
What part of the bacteria cell helps it stick to the surface
Answer:
Pilus
Explanation: Bacteria are prokaryote with single cell and are microscopic in nature.
Pilus at protein structure located in bacterial chromosome they are attach to it surface and aids adhesion to cell surfaces,structures and host cells. Pilus contains adhesin which is located along the pilus its aid the attachment of pilus to cells
There are three basis steps in bacterial attachment; Adsorption,Adhesion and adherance
The _____________is a pear-shaped muscle that has the capability to accommodate a pregnancy. The middle layer of the uterine wall is called the myometrium . Prior to ovulation, the inner layer of the uterine wall_____________, the________ will build up with blood in preparation for a possible implantation. Every month, usually one mature ovarian follicle will leave the_________________ , and will be picked up by the sweeping . Fertilization will most commonly take place in the_______________ . The neck of the uterus is called the_____________ , which is connected to the______________ that contains numerous folds known as the rugae.
Answer:
Following words will be filled in the blanks in the given sequence -
UterusProliferatesProliferationOvaryFallopian tubeCervixVaginaExplanation:
Uterus is the pear-shaped organ in our body that has capability to accommodate pregnancy. After fertilization the fertilized ovum moves to uterus and gets implanted in the endometrial wall i.e. inner wall of the uterus.
In simple terms Proliferation means the the preparation of uterus for accommodating pregnancy by implantation of fertilized ovum.
Ovary is the primary reproductive organ of female and eggs or ova are produced by it.
Fallopian tube is a tube like structure that lies between uterus and ovary. It provides passage for the eggs to reach to the uterus and also provides a site for the fertilization.
Cervix is lower part of the uterus which is also called Neck of the Uterus.
Over many generations man has chosen certain desirable characteristics in dogs by allowing dogs possessing those characteristics to reproduce. In this way, 150 breeds of dogs, same species, have descended from wolves. This process is referred to as
A. convergent evolution
B. artificial selection
C. inheritance of acquired traits
D. natural selection
Explanation:
Artificial selection is also called as Selective breeding where humans identify desirable traits or characteristics in animals and plants, and the action taken to promote those characteristics or traits in future generation.Example of Selective breeding or Artificial Selection is Dog Breeding.Artifical selection carried out in Animals and Plants have many side effects such as diseases, health disorders and obesity. It may also cause the reduction in size of the brain.
Artificial selection is the process by which humans breed plants and animals for certain traits, and this is how different dog breeds have been created from wolves.
The process where humans have influenced the breeding of dogs to produce certain desirable characteristics is referred to as artificial selection. This intentional breeding differs from natural selection, where traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more common in successive generations of a population without human intervention.
The diverse breeds of dogs we see today, all descended from wolves, are an example of artificial selection at work, as breeders have selected for a wide range of traits like size, temperament, and physical abilities over many generations.
What is the name of the enzyme used to make rna nucleotides
Explanation:
RNA polymerase, a chemical in the cell, is answerable for making mRNA from the right quality. RNA polymerase is like DNA polymerase, yet it makes a RNA strand as opposed to a DNA strand. The promoter region of DNA Helix is attached by RNA polymerase. It pulls in nucleotides that supplement those on the DNA strand containing the gene of interest. RNA polymerase duplicates one strand of DNA to make a stretching bit of singlestranded mRNA. RNA polymerase makes the mRNA strand in what is known as the 5' to 3' course.The closest living relative of P. chromatophora is the heterotroph, P. ovalis. P. ovalis uses threadlike pseudopods to capture its prey, which it digests internally. Which of the following, if observed, would be the best reason for relabeling P. chromatophora as a mixotroph? // as a mixotroph instead of an autotroph?
A) a threadlike pseudopod
B) a pigmented central vacuole, surrounded by a tonoplast
C) a vacuole with food inside
D) a secretory vesicle
E) a contractile vacuole
Answer:
Option-(C): A vacuole with food inside.Explanation:
The plant cells consists of the different organelles which are required to maintain the optimum level of food productivity to drive the different processes inside the environment and maintains the balance for the conservation of energy inside the environment or any space. As, the vacuoles are there either to store food resources or has the capacity to store the required amount of enzymes for the sake of digestion of food materials and other substance which enters the plant cell, while the enzymes are there to digest the macro-molecules into the basic components.What is the function of proton pumps localized in the plant plasma membrane?
Answer:
proton pump creates the electrochemical gradients in the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, protists, and many prokaryotes also they push hydrogen ions from areas of low concentration to areas with high concentration
Proton pumps in plant plasma membranes are vital for creating proton gradients that are used for ATP production during photosynthesis, regulating stomatal openings, and adapting to saline environments by sequestering sodium ions.
Explanation:The function of proton pumps localized in the plant plasma membrane is crucial for various physiological processes. These pumps actively transport protons (H+) out of the cell, creating a gradient that facilitates the movement of other substances. For instance, in chloroplasts, proton pumps create a proton motive force, essential for ATP production during photosynthesis, as protons flow back into the stroma through ATP synthase complexes. In guard cells, proton pumping leads to hyperpolarization of the cell membrane, enabling the uptake of ions like K+ and regulating the opening of stomata.
In environments with high salinity, plants utilize proton pumps to maintain ion balance and adapt. For example, antiport pumps in the vacuole can exchange protons for sodium ions, sequestering Na+ within the vacuole, as seen in transgenic tomato plants that overexpress a sodium/proton antiport pump to survive in saline soils. This proton pump activity also facilitates the absorption of essential nutrients like nitrate ions (NO3).
Significance in Evolution
Across all forms of life, the presence of membrane proton gradients as an energy source suggests their early evolution, possibly dating back to the protocells, which indicates their fundamental role in cellular bioenergetics and the evolutionary history of life.
In viruses called retroviruses, the genetic information is contained in RNA; these viruses have no DNA. These viruses also have an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. What is its function?
Answer:
It catalyses the synthesis of complementary DNA copies from RNA.
Explanation:
The reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that allows strands of DNA molecules to be synthesized from a single strand RNA template. The enzyme, also known as RNA directed DNA polymerase is usually used by retroviruses to synthesize complementary DNA sequence from an RNA template, a process that is an opposite of transcription.
In retroviruses, the enzyme reverse transcriptase's main function is to convert the virus's RNA back into DNA, which can then be integrated into the host cell's genome, allowing the virus to replicate. This unique mechanism has led to the development of specific drugs that can inhibit these enzymes and prevent viral replication.
Explanation:In retroviruses, such as HIV, the genetic information is stored in RNA instead of DNA. These retroviruses encode an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase. The principal function of reverse transcriptase is to convert RNA back into DNA which is then incorporated into the genome of the host cell. This process, also referred to as reverse transcription, allows the virus to replicate using the host's cell machinery, effectively using its cells as a factory to produce more viruses. This is unique to retroviruses, because in healthy, uninfected cells, this transcription process usually travels from DNA to RNA, not the other way around.
Interestingly, this unique mechanism has facilitated the development of drugs to inhibit reverse transcriptase and stop the virus from replicating without disrupting the host's normal cellular functions. Some of these drugs include reverse transcriptase inhibitors like AZT used in the treatment of HIV. This strategic approach has resulted in significant progress in managing and controlling diseases caused by retroviruses.
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A human kidney filters about 200 liters of blood each day. Approximately two liters of liquid and nutrient waste are excreted as urine. The remaining fluid and dissolved substances are reabsorbed and continue to circulate throughout the body. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted in response to reduced plasma volume. ADH targets the collecting ducts in the kidney, stimulating the insertion of aquaporins into their plasma membranes and an increased reabsorption of water.If ADH secretion is inhibited, which of the following would initially result?
a) Number of aquaporins would increase in response to the inhibition of ADH
b) The person would decrease oral water intake to compensate for the inhibition of ADH
c) Blood filtration would increase to compensate for lack of aquaporins
d) Person would produce a greater amount of dilute urine
Answer:
d) Person would produce a greater amount of dilute urine
Explanation:
ADH stands for anti diuretic hormone. It is also called vasopressin or arginine vasopressin. It is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus of the brain and then stored in the posterior pituitary gland.
Anti diuretic hormone acts by regulating the water balance in the blood. Osmotic sensors in the hypothalamus react to the concentration of particles in the blood. These particles include molecules of sodium, potassium, chloride, etc.
When blood pressure is too low, these sensors and baroreceptors tell your kidneys to release water to maintain a healthy range of these substances. They also regulate the body’s sense of thirst.
Uniformed officers are driving a marked car into an area known for heavy drug trafficking, intending to investigate drug activity and anticipating encountering drug customers and lookouts.
1. One officer sees the suspect standing next to a building and holding an opaque bag.
2. The suspect looks in the direction of the officers and flees.
3. The officers turn their car, watch the suspect run through an alley, and eventually corner him on the street.
4. One officer leaves the car, stops the defendant, and conducts a frisk of the defendant, discovering a concealed handgun.
Did he have a license for conceal and carry?
Answer:
1,3,4,2
Explanation:
1. The carrier proteins through which sugar enters pancreatic beta cells have______.A. A Lower Km.B. A Higher Km.C. The Same Km.2. Than the carriers through which sugar enters muscle cells . In order for muscle cells to increase sugar import_______.A. Blood sugar levels must be high.B. Insulin must be present.C. Glycogen must be present.D. Glucagon must be present.3. Oh, and glucokinase has a______when compared to hexokinase.A. High Km.B. Low Km. 4. ________are responsible for the release of transferrin from the transferrin receptor and iron form transferrin. A. Proton Pumps.B. Iron Reductases.C. Ferriportins.D. Iron Oxidases.5. ________Convert the iron to the active form in which it may be exported.A. Proton Pumps.B. Iron Reductases.C. Ferriportins.D. Iron Oxidases. 6. This happens in the_______.A. Lysosome.B. Cytoplasm.C. Intermembrane Space.D. Interstitial Fluid.
1. The carrier proteins via which sugar comes into pancreatic beta cells have HIGHER Km when compared to the carriers via which sugar comes into muscle cells at fasting blood sugar levels.
Explanation: A high Km amount shows a low affinity for the substrate. The carrier protein (GLUT4), which is basically observed in muscle cells, do possess a stronger affinity for glucose (low km 1.8-4.8mM) thereby making sure that maximum glucose is efficiently transported in tissues in situations where glucose concentration drops. While the carrier proteins located in beta cells (GLUT2) do show a high km ~20mM, as a higher km promotes for glucose sensing.
2. In order for muscle cells to raise sugar import INSULIN MUST BE PRESENT.
3. Oh, and glucokinase has a HIGH Km when compared to hexokinase.
Explanation: Glucokinase do possesses a minimal affinity (higher Km) for glucose as it will only function in situations of increased glucose concentration in serum.
4. Proton pumps are required for the release of transferrin from the transferrin receptor and iron form transferrin.
Explanation: H+ ATPases reduces the pH of the vesicle and results in transferrin to produce iron.
5. Iron Reductases Convert the iron to the active form in which it may be exported.
6. This happens in the Lysosome.
Explanation: Ferric iron is transformed into ferrous iron (which is the active type) through the activities of ferric reductase.