Technological uncertainty:

a. is a result of uncertainty about customer demand.
b. occurs because an alternative technology could be introduced by competitors.
c. only occurs in emerging markets.
d. can be avoided by early entrants with superior technology.

Answer:

The correct answer is letter "B": TFTP server.

Explanation:

A TFTP server allows the system administrator to install programs on other computers from the same network and keeping a registry. This is mainly done to prevent loss of information in the case the network is corrupted or if one of the computers is infected with malicious software.

Answer:

Contingency Planning Management Team (CPMT)

Explanation:

:)

Answer:

ATM card and the pin number, the status of the bank account and the total of the purchase and the account and method of payment.

Explanation:

The POS or point of service is a device that allows the purchase of product from a commercial store to be done wirelessly and cashless.

It promotes The cashless policy to reduce the circulating physical currency. The POS electromagnetic wave to wirelessly access bank database to retrieve bank account information.

It takes in the smart card, and with the command, retrieves the bank account information addressed on the card. The cashier types the total price of purchased product and it is automatically minus and updated on the account database. Then the invoice of the transaction is issued to the customer.

Answer:

maxSum=findMax(numA,numB)+findMax(numY,numZ);

Explanation:

In the above statement, a function is used twice to calculate the maximum of 2 numbers passed as parameters of type double and returns the maximum value of type double as well. As the function is static, so, there is no need to make an object of the class in which the function is made. After finding the largest of both the pairs, the values are added and printed to console.

Answer:

maxSum = findMax(numA, numB); // first call of findMax

maxSum = maxSum + findMax(numY, numZ); // second call

Explanation:

Answer:

Yes, the software license is a major problem in cloud computing.

Explanation:

The ad network administrator or system administrator he or she has to buy hardware appliance such server, firewall protection and operating system and their licenses. Each purchase is addon cost to and depends on the organization decided on the investment process.

Moreover, the system administrator should do daily routine check the patches of the operating system and firewall and schedule checking has to be made and update the firewall. In case if any hijacking taking place he has to contact immediately the hardware firewall supplier or service provider for help

In clouds, all threats are taken care and the network administrator only has to check any new supporting software that has to update in the client pc or workstation and laptop.

As an investor of organizations has to compare cloud licenses cost and local hardware appliance and software licenses and has to make a decision.

Answer:

Answer explained below

Explanation:

Depending upon the current situation we can switch. That means suppose the entire project is mid way that means we already implemented the project by Waterfall methodology then it would take lot of time to switch to Prototype model. Again if we see the efficiency I mean if we complete the project using prototype model and the outcome would be very well and robust then we should definitely switch to prototype model. So depending on the scenario we need to decide whether it would be beneficial to switch or not.

Further, we have the differences between Waterfall and Prototype :

I) In case of Waterfall model requirements should be very well known. On the other hand in case of prototype model if the user requirements are not complete then we can choose prototype model.

II) Technical issues should be cleared in case of Waterfall model, on the other hand technical requirements need not be clear.

Advantages of Waterfall:

I) Easy to understand this model and easy to use.

II) It provides structure to inexperienced staff

III) Milestones are well understood

IV) Set requirements stability

Disadvantages of Waterfall Model:

I) All requirements must be known upfront

II) Inhibits flexibility

III) Can give a false impression of progree

Advantage of Prototype Model:

I) Even if user requirements are not complete we can use

II) Even if technical issues are not clear we can use

Disadvantage of Prototype:

I) The Model is complex

II) Risk Assessment expertise is required

III)Time spent for evaluating risks too large for small projects.

Answer:

The correct answer is letter "C": network intrusion detection system (NIDS).

Explanation:

A Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is a network protection system configured to spot threats in any server connected to it. The NIDS has a history of common threats that is used to filter all the data flowing through the network. If malware is identified, an alert pops up with the suggested actions to follow in front of that case.

Answer:

System.out.println(userNum);

Explanation:

Using Java programming language, lets assume the variable userNum is entered by a user. The code snippet below will prompt the user to enter a number and output the the variable:

import java.util.Scanner;

public class TestClass {

   public static void main(String[] args) {

   System.out.println("Enter a number");

   Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

   int userNum = input.nextInt();

       System.out.println(userNum);

   }

}

Answer:

A. True.

Explanation:

Secops or security- operation is a mechanism that focus on merging and collaborating the security team and the development operation team. It is made to prevent, sacrificing one for the other like the security of an application for the functionality and development of the application.

It tries to create communication between both teams, for every decision made to equally and positively affect both teams operation and result.

Answer:

C. Uninterrupted power supply.

Explanation:

Uninterrupted power supply or UPS is device that is connected to the main power supply of a system or a network of computer systems to provide power, when the main power supply is down. It promotes power redundancy for a reliable network.

Network cloaking device is used to hide a networks domain name, while it is being broadcast across.

The backup punch card is an outdated technology used for recording digital data.

Service level agreement is a documented agreement between the services providers and companies, on the method or form of service to be rendered.

Answer:

c.uninterruptible power supply

Explanation:

Disruption means disturbance or problems which interrupt an event, activity, or process.

Uninterrupted power supply helps to prevent our system from being interrupted while functioning.

Answer:

65535 x 32768 =214 7450880

which is in the range of 32 bit unsigned integers, so there will be no overflow and we wont be in a need of more bits than 32 bit.

Explanation:

An overflow error indicates that software attempted to write down data beyond the bounds of memory.

Each program features a section of memory allocated for a stack. The stack is employed to store internal data for the program and is extremely fast and keep track of return addressing. A program may jump to a neighborhood that reads some data from the disk drive, then it returns from that routine to continue processing the info. The stack keeps track of the originating address, and therefore the program uses that for the return. Kind of like leaving breadcrumbs to seek out your way back. The stack features a limited amount of space for storing. If software attempts to access a neighborhood of the stack beyond its limits, an overflow error occurs.

• signed 32-bit integers support the range [-2147483648,2147483647]

• unsigned 32-bit integers support the range [0,4294967295]

And if you go outside this range, even temporarily, you would like to be very careful. Most cases handle the overflow technically and provide you "wraparound" or "modulo" behavior where carry bits outside the range just disappear and you're left with the low-order bits like the precise result.

In computer architecture of 32 bit, memory addresses, or other data units are those who are 32 bits (4 octets) wide. Also, 32-bit CPU and ALU architectures are those who have supported registers, address buses, or data buses of that size. 32-bit microcomputers are computers during which 32-bit microprocessors are the norm.

Answer: Word-for-word plagiarism

Explanation:

The student uses 7 straight words from the original text without applying quotations.

Final answer:

The Information Age is characterized by revolutionary technological advancements that have shifted economies from industrial to information-based. Information technology has facilitated the production, analysis, and dissemination of data, transforming it into valuable information. This era is marked by computer miniaturization and the growth of the Internet, which heavily influences daily life and potential ecological benefits.

Explanation:

In the Information Age, we have witnessed a monumental shift in how information is processed and disseminated, thanks to the rapid advancement of information technologies. This epoch is highlighted by the transition from the industrial economy to an information economy, greatly influenced by the advent of the personal computer in the late 1970s and the proliferation of the Internet in the early 1990s. The revolution in information technology has led to the miniaturization of electronics, integrating circuits and processing units, which are foundational to modern computing devices. These technological advancements have streamlined data collection, processing, and analysis, allowing vast amounts of data to be transformed into valuable information with applications spanning various fields and industries.

Data can be utilized repeatedly to generate new information when placed in context, answering questions, or providing insights, making it a significant commodity in today's world. The continuous evolution of computers and communications networks is a testament to how deeply embedded technology has become in daily life. Importantly, information and communications technology (ICT) not only encompasses traditional devices such as computers and smartphones but also potential future technologies like augmented reality glasses and virtual reality headgear.

The ecological benefits of these technological changes are also noteworthy. The Information Age may contribute to reduced natural resource consumption as societal functions such as shopping and working becomes increasingly digitized, potentially decreasing human energy consumption even as the economy grows. Overall, information technology continues to shape and redefine how we live, communicate, and interact with the world, marking a lasting impact on modern society.

Answer and explanation:

While traveling abroad the main barrier to be considered is language. Entrepreneurs should focus special attention on developing mobile apps that interpret people's segments accurately so regardless of the country and language they can communicate through the app and make them feel they are "citizens of the world".

Answer:

The C code is given below with appropriate comments

Explanation:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

//array declaration

int arr[3][7], cumulativeSum = 0;

//initialize the array

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

{

for(int j=0; j<7; j++)

{

arr[i][j] = i+j;

}

}

//calculate the cumulative sum

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

{

for(int j=0; j<7; j++)

{

if((arr[i][j] % 5) != 0)

{

cumulativeSum += arr[i][j];

arr[i][j] = 0;

}

}

}

//display the final array

printf("The final array is: \n\n");

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

{

for(int j=0; j<7; j++)

{

printf("%d ", arr[i][j]);

}

printf("\n");

}

//display the cumulative sum

printf("\nCumulative Sum = %d", cumulativeSum);

return 0;

}

Answer:

A  java Main arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3

Explanation:

The bee may travel to a different species of plant, so the pollen may not fertilize another flower. The wind can blow the dandelion seeds into an area where they can’t sprout. The squirrel might come back for the seeds it buried in the ground

Answer:

a)

int: [10, 20, 10, 5]

out: [0, 10, 20, 10]

b)

int: [8, 2, 9, 7, -1, 55]

out: [0, 0, 8, 9, -1, 55]

c)

int: [0, 16, 9, 1, 64, 25, 25, 14]

out: [0, 0, 0, 0, 16, 9, 64, 25]

Explanation:

What the code is doing is changing the list if and only if the item number i, where i is an odd position on the list, is greater than the item number i-1. If the condition mentioned is satisfied, the element number i is removed, and a zero is added to the beginning of the list; this is why the dimension of the input is equal to the output (for every element removed a zero is added).

Note:

Answer:

Print the grades on this Logic , this is logic for program and code is written under explanation.

If the average of marks is >= 80 then prints Grade ‘A’

If the average is <80 and >=70 then prints Grade ‘B’

If the average is <70 and >=60 then prints Grade ‘C’

else prints Grade ‘D’

Explanation

import java.util.Scanner;

public class JavaGradeProgram

{

   public static void main(String args[])

   {

/* This program assumes that the student has 6 subjects that's why I have created the array of size 6. You can change this as per the requirement.  */

       int marks[] = new int[6];

       int i;

       float total=0, avg;

       Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        for(i=0; i<6; i++) {  

          System.out.print("Enter Marks of Subject"+(i+1)+":");

          marks[i] = scanner.nextInt();

          total = total + marks[i];

       }

       scanner.close();

Calculate Average Here:

avg = total /6 ;

if(avg >=80)

{

system.out.print("A");

}

else if(avg>=70 && avg <=80)

{

system.out.print("B");

}

else if(avg>=60 && avg <=70)

{

system.out.print("C");

}

else

{

system.out.print("D");

}

}

}

Answer:

A, B and D

Explanation:

The kernel is the central core of the computer's operating system, that has total control of all the activities of the computer. The kernel is a very small program in memory and runs first during the boot of the system. It is the interactive link between the hardware and operating system and other system softwares.

The uses a command line to receive and execute command for various system configurations like storage and memory mapping, enable and disable interrupts, set timers or allocate time slice to run programs etc.

Answer:

Java code is given below with appropriate comments

Explanation:

import java.util.*;

public class Student

{

String ID, lastName;

//Arraylist to store courses

ArrayList courses = new ArrayList();

public Student()

{

//Default constructor

ID = "";

lastName = "";

}

public Student(String I, String l)

{

//Parameterized Constructor to initialize

ID = I;

lastName = l;

int i, n;

String temp;

Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("\nHow many courses you want to add: ");

n = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());

if(n < 3){ //Cannot choose less than 3 courses

System.out.println("\nNumber of courses must be at least 3.");

return;

}

for(i = 1; i <= n; i++)

{

System.out.print("\nEnter course name: ");

temp = sc.nextLine();

if(courses.contains(temp))//If course already present

{

System.out.println("\nCourse already present. Try another.");

i--;

}

else

{

courses.add(temp); //Adding course

}

}

}

//Accessors

public String getID()

{

return ID;

}

public String getName()

{

return lastName;

}

public ArrayList getCourses()

{

return courses;

}

//Mutators

public void setID(String i)

{

ID = i;

}

public void setName(String n)

{

lastName = n;

}

public void setCourses(ArrayList c)

{

courses.clear();

courses.addAll(c);

}

}

class StudentTest

{

//To store 10 students

Student[] list = new Student[10];

public StudentTest(){

int i, j, flag;

Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)

{

String temp, l;

System.out.print("\nEnter student ID: ");

temp = sc.nextLine();

flag = 1;

for(j = 0; j < i; j++)

{

if(list[j].getID().equals(temp))//If ID already exists

{

System.out.println("\nID already exists. Try another.");

flag = 0;

i--;

break;

}

}

if(flag == 1)

{

System.out.print("\nEnter student Last name: ");

l = sc.nextLine();

list[i] = new Student(temp, l); //Initializing student

}

}

}

public void sort()

{

//To sort and display

int i, j;

String temp;

ArrayList t = new ArrayList();

for(i = 0; i < 9; i++)

{

for(j = 0; j < 9 - i; j++)

{

if(list[j].getName().compareTo(list[j + 1].getName()) > 0)//If list[j + 1].lastName needs to come before list[j].lastName

{

//Swapping IDs

temp = list[j].getID();

list[j].setID(list[j + 1].getID());

list[j + 1].setID(temp);

//Swapping last names

temp = list[j].getName();

list[j].setName(list[j + 1].getName());

list[j + 1].setName(temp);

//Swapping courses

t.clear();

t.addAll(list[j].getCourses());

list[j].setCourses(list[j + 1].getCourses());

list[j + 1].setCourses(t);

}

}

}

//Display

System.out.println();

for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)

{

System.out.print(list[i].getID() + ", " + list[i].getName());

//Using fencepost loop to print with comma before

System.out.print(" " + list[i].getCourses().get(0));

for(j = 1; j < list[i].getCourses().size(); j++)

System.out.print(", " + list[i].getCourses().get(j));

System.out.println();

}

}

public static void main(String args[])

{

StudentTest S = new StudentTest();

S.sort();

}

}

Answer:

The cpp program for the scenario is given below.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

   // array to store seven test scores

   double scores[7];

   // variable to store sum of all test scores

   double sum=0;

   // variable to store average of all test scores

   double avg_score;

   // user is prompted to enter seven test scores

   cout<<"Enter the test scores ";

// user input is taken inside for loop

// for loop executes seven times to take input for seven test scores

   for(int j=0; j<7; j++)

   {

       cin>>scores[j];

       sum = sum + scores[j];

   }

// average of test scores is calculated and assigned

   avg_score = sum/7;

   cout<<"The average of all entered test scores are "<< avg_score <<endl;

   return 0;

}

OUTPUT

Enter the test scores 90

88

76

65

56.89

77.11

68

The average of all entered test scores are 74.4286

Explanation:

The program execution is explained below.

1. An array, scores, is declared of size seven to store seven user-entered test scores.

2. Variables, sum and avg_score, are declared to store the sum and average of all the seven test score values. The variable sum is initialized to 0.

3. User is prompted to enter the test scores using cout keyword.

4. Inside for loop, all seven test scores are stored inside array, scores, using cin keyword.

5. Inside the same for loop, the values in the array, scores, are added and assigned to the variable sum.

6. Outside the for loop, the average score is calculated and assigned to the variable avg_score.

7. At the end, the average score is displayed. New line is inserted using endl after the average score is displayed.

8. In order to store decimal values, all variables and the array are declared with double datatype.

9. The main() has return type of integer and thus, ends with a return statement.

10. The iostream is included to enable the use of keywords like cin, cout, endl and others.

Answer:A. ISSUE-SPECIFIC

Explanation:Security policy is a set of actions an organization,Country , State or local governments put in place on order to guarantee the security of life and properties. It can also be described as the restrictions on behavior or actions of members of a society, community or an organization as well as restrictions imposed on adversaries by processes such as doors, locks, keys and walls.

Issue specific policy are policies directed to treat or handle particular factors known to aid or abate a crime. It can also be used to outline or reach at an understanding of what to used or what not to use in order to ensure effective security in an organization.

14.0

Using the level of precedence in Java,

From left to right;

(i) the first division operation will be done.

(ii)followed by the second division operation.

(iii)followed by the first multiplication operation.

(iv)followed by the third division operation.

(v)followed by the second multiplication operation.

(vi) followed by the first addition operation.

(vii)lastly followed by the second addition operation.

=================================================

Taking the steps above one after the other;

(i) the first division operation will be done (i.e 19 / 2)

=> Integer division in Java gives an integer result. Therefore, 19 / 2 = 9.5 will give 9.

So,

=> 19 / 2 / 2.0 + 2.5 * 6 / 2 + 0.5 * 4

=> 9 / 2.0 + 2.5 * 6 / 2 + 0.5 * 4

(ii)followed by the second division operation. (i.e 9 / 2.0)

=> From the result from step (i), the second division operation is now 9 / 2.0.

=> 9 / 2.0 = 4.5

So,

=> 9 / 2.0 + 2.5 * 6 / 2 + 0.5 * 4

=> 4.5 + 2.5 * 6 / 2 + 0.5 * 4

(iii)followed by the first multiplication operation. (i.e 2.5 * 6)

=> The first multiplication operation is given by 2.5 * 6

=> 2.5 * 6 = 15.0

So,

=> 4.5 + 2.5 * 6 / 2 + 0.5 * 4

=> 4.5 + 15.0 / 2 + 0.5 * 4

(iv)followed by the third division operation. (i.e 15.0 / 2)

=> The third division operation is given by 15.0 / 2

=> 15.0 / 2 = 7.5

So,

=> 4.5 + 15.0 / 2 + 0.5 * 4

=> 4.5 + 7.5 + 0.5 * 4

(v)followed by the second multiplication operation. (i.e 0.5 * 4)

=> The second multiplication operation is given by 0.5 * 4

=> 0.5 * 4 = 2.0

So,

=> 4.5 + 7.5 + 0.5 * 4

=> 4.5 + 7.5 + 2.0

(vi) followed by the first addition operation. (i.e 4.5 + 7.5)

=> The first addition operation is given by 4.5 + 7.5

=> 4.5 + 7.5 = 12.0

So,

=> 4.5 + 7.5 + 2.0

=> 12.0 + 2.0

(vii) lastly followed by the second addition operation. (i.e 12.0 + 2.0)

=> The second addition operation is given by 12.0 + 2.0

=> 12.0 + 2.0 = 14.0

So,

=> 12.0 + 2.0

=> 14.0

Therefore, 19 / 2 / 2.0 + 2.5 * 6 / 2 + 0.5 * 4 = 14.0

In Java, the order of precedence for arithmetic operators is;

=> /, * and %

=> followed by + and -

Answer:

Answers to the code are given below with appropriate guidelines on definitions and how to properly run the code

Explanation:

//3 ways to comment are as follows:

//1. This is a one line comment.

/**

* 2. This is a documentation comment.

* @author Your name here

*

*/

/*

*3. This is a multiple line comment

* */

public class Comments {

//Driver method

public static void main(String[]args) {

/*

* All the text written inside the

* sysout method will be displayed on

* to the command prompt/console*/

System.out.println("Program comments are nonexecuting statements you add to a file for the purpose of documentation.\n");

System.out.println("3 ways to add comments in JAVA are as follows: \n");

System.out.println("1. One line comment can be written as:\n//Program comments are nonexecuting statements you add to a file for the purpose of documentation.\n");

System.out.println("2. MultiLine comment can be written as:\n/* Program comments are nonexecuting \n * statements you add to a file for the \n * purpose of documentation.\n */\n");

System.out.println("3. Documentation comment can be written as follows:\n/**\n * Program comments are nonexecuting statements you add to a file for the purpose of documentation.\n **/");

}

}

Steps to Run:

1. Make file named Comments.java, and copy paste the above code.

2. Open command prompt and then go to the directory where you have saved the above created file.

3. The before running compile the code by using command

javac Comments.java

4. Now, run the code by the below command

java Comments.

Congrats your assignment is done!!

Answer:

Program:

First_number = int(input("Enter first number")) # The first number is entered by the user.

second_number = int(input("Enter second number")) # The second number is entered by the user.

third_number = int(input("Enter Third number")) # The Third number is entered by the user.

if(First_number<second_number)and(second_number<third_number):# compare the first number with second number and the second number with the third number.

   store ='A' # assign the 'A' value on store variable.

else:

   store= 'D' # Assign the D value on store variable.

Output:

Explanation:

Final answer:

To check if three int values are in ascending order and assign 'A' or 'D' to a char variable accordingly, use the conditional operator in a single line of code after obtaining the int values from the user.

Explanation:

To determine if three integer values are in ascending order using the conditional operator, you can perform a comparison between them. If you have three variables, let's call them num1, num2, and num3, the ascending order condition would be num1 < num2 and num2 < num3. If this condition is true, the character 'A' is assigned to a character variable; otherwise, the character 'D' is assigned. With the conditional operator, it would look something like this:

char order = (num1 < num2 && num2 < num3) ? 'A' : 'D';

This single line checks the condition and assigns 'A' to order if the numbers are in ascending order, or 'D' if they are not. It's important to ensure that you retrieve the integer values from the keyboard correctly and store them in the variables num1, num2, num3 before evaluating the conditional expression.

Answer:

System.out.println("Kids: " + person1.getNumKids());

person1.incNumKids();

System.out.println("New baby, kids now: " + person1.getNumKids());

Explanation:

Reminder: To be able to call a function that is inside a class, we need to use an object of that class. In this case, person1 is our object. If we would like to access any function, we need to type person1.functionName().

1) We need to call getNumKids() to get how many kids they have (It is 3 because user inputs 3 and it is set to the this value using setNumKids() function). To call this function, we need to use person1 object that is created earlier in the main function. To be able to print the result, we call the function inside the System.out.println().

2) To increase the number of kids, we need to call incNumKids() method with person1 object again. This way number of kids are increased by one, meaning they have 4 kids now.

3) To get the current number of kids, we need to call getNumKids() function using person1 object. To be able to print the result, we call the function inside the System.out.println().

Answer:

System.out.println("Kids: " + person1.getNumKids());

person1.incNumKids();

System.out.println("New baby, kids now: " + person1.getNumKids());

Explanation:

The summary of the missing instructions in the program are:

The solution could not be submitted directly. So, I've added it as attachments.

Read more about C++ programs at:

https://brainly.com/question/12063363

Answer:

Correctly position the platen of the printer to hold the paper in place.

Explanation:

Since the dot matrix printer is printing dark and clear on the left of the paper but very light on the right side of the paper, it is possible that the paper is not being held properly. So adjusting the platen will hold the paper properly and hence uniform prints on the paper.

Note: Dot matrix printers are printers that print closely related dots to form require texts (shapes) by striking some pins against an ink ribbon.

Some of the parts of these printers are; power supply, carriage assembly, Paper sensor, ribbon, platen and pins.

Answer:

C. CMR systems

Explanation:

CMR or customer relationship management is a strategy that uses data analysis of customers to manage the interaction between a company and current and potential customers.

It analyses the data of client from different channels like wesites, email, social media,telephone log etc, describing and predicting potential decisions to be made to enhance customer service and acquisition.

Answer:

The correct answer is letter "B": masquerading.

Explanation:

The attack referred to as masquerading simply consists of impersonating the identity of an authorized user of an information system. The impersonation could take place electronically -the user has a login and password that does not belong to him to access a server- or personally -employees accessing restricted areas of a company.

b. masquerading attack is a threat to confidentiality.

Masquerade terms can be as follows:

Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/17085630

Answer:

c) put a $ in front of the letter and number that represents the cell position.

Explanation:

Dollar sign ($) is used to lock the formula in the cell. This is called absolute reference. In this type of referencing, A dollar sign is place in front of the letter and number to lock that cell. Whenever we copy that cell, the formula will be copied in other cell without changing its reference number.

As

Example 1

C1 = A1 + B1

if we copy this formula in C2 then it becomes

C2= A2 + B2

there both reference of A and B has been changed.

Example 2

If we put $ sign as

C1= $A$1 + $B$1

now of we copy C1 and into C2

C2= $A$1 + $B$1

There reference of cell is not changed.

To freeze a cell in Excel, use the dollar sign ($) in front of the letter and number of the cell position. For example, if the total cell is A1, change it to $A$1. This technique ensures Excel maintains the cell reference when copying the formula.

To freeze a total cell in Excel so that it doesn't change when copied, you should use the dollar sign ($) in front of the letter and number that represent the cell position. This operation is commonly referred to as cell referencing. For instance, if your total cell is A1, you would change it to $A$1 to freeze it.

The dollar sign instructs Excel to maintain the reference to the specific cell when you copy the formula to other cells. Without the dollar sign, Excel will adjust the formula to refer to relative cells. Therefore, option (c) is the correct technique for freezing the total cell in Excel.

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